Connect with us

Technology

The mind-bending mirrors behind advanced technology

Published

on

The mind-bending mirrors behind advanced technology
ESO/F Carrasco The Extremely Large Telescope under construction in Chile's Atacama desertESO/F Carrasco

The Extremely Large Telescope under construction in Chile’s Atacama desert

High on a mountain, in Chile’s bone dry Atacama desert the European Southern Observatory (ESO) is currently building the world’s largest optical telescope.

No time was wasted on choosing a name – it will be called the Extremely Large Telescope or ELT.

Instead, huge energy has gone into designing and building “the world’s biggest eye on the sky”, which should start collecting images in 2028 and is very likely to expand our understanding of the universe.

None of that would be possible without some of the most advanced mirrors ever made.

Advertisement
Florent Mallet/Mersen Boostec Dr Elise Vernet inspecting the M5 mirrorFlorent Mallet/Mersen Boostec

Dr Elise Vernet inspecting the M5 mirror

Dr Elise Vernet is an adaptive optics specialist at ESO and has been overseeing development of the five giant mirrors that will gather and channel light to the telescope’s measuring equipment.

Each of the ELT’s custom mirrors is a feat of optical design.

Dr Vernet describes the 14ft (4.25m) convex M2 mirror as “a piece of art”.

But perhaps the M1 and M4 mirrors best express the level of intricacy and precision required.

Advertisement

The primary mirror, M1, is the largest mirror ever made for an optical telescope.

“It’s 39m [128ft] in diameter, made up of [798] hexagonal mirror segments, aligned so that it behaves as a perfect monolithic mirror,” says Dr Vernet.

M1 will collect 100 million times more light than the human eye and must be able to maintain position and shape to a level of precision 10,000 times finer than a human hair.

The M4 is the largest deformable mirror ever made and will be able to change shape 1,000 times per second to correct for atmospheric turbulence and the vibrations of the telescope itself that could otherwise distort imagery.

Advertisement

Its flexible surface is made up of six petals of a glass-ceramic material that is less than 2mm (0.075in) thick.

The petals were made by Schott in Mainz, Germany and then shipped to engineering firm Safran Reosc just outside Paris, where they were polished and assembled into the complete mirror.

All five mirrors are nearing completion and will soon be transported to Chile for installation.

A graphic showing the five mirrors that make up the Extremely Large Telescope

While these enormous mirrors will be used to capture the light of the cosmos, ESO’s neighbours in Garching, at the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics, have created a quantum mirror to operate at the tiniest scales imaginable.

In 2020, a research team was able to make a single layer of 200 aligned atoms behave collectively to reflect light, effectively creating a mirror so small it cannot be seen by the naked eye.

Advertisement

In 2023, they succeeded in placing a single microscopically controlled atom at the centre of the array to create a “quantum switch” that can be used to control whether the atoms are transparent or reflective.

“What theorists predicted, and we observed this experimentally, is that in these ordered structures, once you absorb a photon and it gets re-emitted, it’s actually emitted [in one predictable] direction and this is what makes it a mirror,” says Dr Pascal Weckesser, a postdoctoral researcher at the institute.

This ability to control the direction of atom-reflected light could have future applications in a number of quantum technologies like, for example, hack-proof quantum networks for storing and transmitting information.

Zeiss Zeiss mirror for High-NA-EUV lithographyZeiss

The world’s most precise mirror is made by Zeiss in Germany

Further north-west in Oberkochen near Stuttgart, mirrors with another extreme property are being made by Zeiss.

Advertisement

The optics company spent years developing an ultra-flat mirror which has become a key component in the machines which print computer chips, called extreme ultraviolet lithography machines, or EUVs.

Dutch company ASML is the world’s leading maker of EUVs, and Zeiss mirrors are an essential component of them.

Zeiss’s EUV mirrors can reflect light at very small wavelengths which enables image clarity at a tiny scale, so more and more transistors can be printed on the same area of silicon wafer.

To explain how flat the mirrors are, Dr Frank Rohmund, president of semiconductor manufacturing optics at Zeiss, uses a topographical analogy.

Advertisement

“If you took a household mirror and blew it up to the size of Germany, the highest elevation point would be 5m. On a space mirror [as in the James Webb Space Telescope], it would be 2cm [0.75in]. On an EUV mirror, it would be 0.1mm,” he explains.

This ultra-smooth mirror surface combined with systems that control the mirror’s positioning, also made by Zeiss, yield an accuracy level equivalent to bouncing light off an EUV mirror on the Earth’s surface and picking out a golf ball on the moon.

While those mirrors may already sound extreme, Zeiss has plans for improvement, to help make even more powerful computer chips.

“We have ideas about how to develop EUV further. By 2030, the goal is to have a microchip with one trillion transistors on it. Today, we are maybe at a hundred billion.”

Advertisement

That goal came closer with Zeiss’s latest tech, which enables the printing of about three times more structures on the same area than the current generation of chip making machines.

“The semiconductor industry has this dominating strong roadmap which provides a drumbeat for all players contributing to the solution. With this, we are able to provide progress in terms of microchip fabrication which today allows things like artificial intelligence which were unthinkable even ten years ago,” says Dr Rohmund.

What humanity will understand and be capable of in ten years’ time remains to be seen, but mirrors will no doubt be at the heart of the technologies that take us there.

More Technology of Business

Source link

Advertisement
Continue Reading
Advertisement
Click to comment

You must be logged in to post a comment Login

Leave a Reply

Technology

Patent shows more details of Samsung’s potential tri-fold phone

Published

on

Patent shows more details of Samsung's potential tri-fold phone

News about a possible Samsung’s tri-fold smartphone continues to emerge. This suggests that the leak about its arrival in 2025 is on the right track. Samsung Electronics’ latest financial results fell short of expectations, prompting them to reorganize their strategy. A new patent provides additional details about the potential tri-fold smartphone from Samsung.

Samsung Display reported that sales of foldable screens did not meet the company’s projections for 2024. Part of the blame can be attributed to the Galaxy Z Fold 6 and Galaxy Z Flip 6 not selling as much as anticipated. Strong competition from rival suppliers, particularly Chinese ones, also contributed to the situation. As part of its turnaround strategy, the company will rely more on innovation. This might include the launch of a tri-fold smartphone.

How Samsung could make its tri-fold smartphone durable and reliable, according to patent

The patent describes the systems that Samsung could implement in a tri-fold smartphone to ensure the overall integrity of the screen and the device. After all, foldable devices are already much more prone to damage than traditional ones for logical reasons. So, a model with three folds requires even more security measures.

According to the patent, Samsung implements a system of strategically placed openings. The internal design aims to minimize the pressure on the screen during folding and unfolding. It also makes it easier to extend the device’s screen, avoiding using excessive force that could lead to potential damage.

Advertisement

The body of the device integrates adhesive layers and support plates made of stainless steel or glass so that the screen remains sturdy, whether folded or unfolded. In addition, Samsung included in the patent an anti-reflective system based on a layer of synthetic resin. For extra durability, there is a “shield” under the screen that prevents the access of substances. There is even a cushioning system in case of potential bumps or falls.

Samsung will no longer be the first to launch a tri-fold product

It’s noteworthy that Samsung filed the patent with the USPTO in July 2021. However, it only got approval in November 2024. It’s possible that the company has developed more advanced technologies to make a tri-fold smartphone even more reliable and durable. In fact, one of the sketches shows that the technologies described can also be implemented in traditional foldable phones. So, perhaps the Galaxy Z Flip and Fold devices already integrate some (or all) of them.

Anyway, Samsung has already lost the battle to be the first big brand to launch a device with such a form factor. Huawei took the crown by introducing the Huawei Mate XT Ultimate Design.

Advertisement

Source link

Continue Reading

Technology

Nintendo Palworld lawsuit seeks $65,700 in damages

Published

on

Nintendo Palworld lawsuit seeks $65,700 in damages

Nintendo and the Pokémon Company are seeking approximately $65,700 in compensation from their lawsuit against Palworld developer Pocketpair. In a press release the studio issued on Friday, it said Nintendo and the Pokémon Company want ¥5 million each (plus late fees), for a total of ¥10 million or $65,700 in damages.

At first glance, that’s a paltry amount of money to demand for copying one of the most successful gaming properties ever, particularly when you consider Tropic Haze, the creator of the now defunct Yuzu Switch emulator, agreed to pay $2.4 million to settle its recent case with Nintendo. While Nintendo and the Pokémon Company may have well wanted to sue for more, their legal approach may have limited their options somewhat.

To view this content, you’ll need to update your privacy settings. Please click here and view the “Content and social-media partners” setting to do so.

As you might recall, when the two sued Pocketpair in September, they didn’t accuse it of copyright infringement. Instead, they went for patent infringement. On Friday, Pocketpair listed the three patents Nintendo and the Pokémon Company are accusing the studio of infringing. Per Bloomberg, they relate to gameplay elements found in most Pokémon games. For example, one covers the franchise’s signature battling mechanics, while another relates to how players can ride monsters.

Pokémon games have featured those mechanics since the start, but here’s the thing: all three patents were filed and granted to Nintendo and the Pokémon Company after Pocketpair released Palworld to early access on January 19, 2024. The earliest patent, for instance, was granted to Nintendo and the Pokémon Company on May 22, 2024, or nearly four months after Palworld first hit Steam and Xbox Game Pass.

Advertisement

According to Pocketpair, the two companies seek “compensation for a portion of the damages incurred between the date of registration of the patents and the date of filing of this lawsuit.” Put another way, it’s a small window of time the suit targets.

I’m not a lawyer, so I won’t comment on Nintendo’s strategy of attempting to enforce patents that were issued after Palworld was already on the market. However, I think it’s worth mentioning that Pocketpair CEO Takuro Mizobe had said before the game’s release that Palworld had “cleared legal reviews,” suggesting the studio had looked at Nintendo’s patent portfolio for possible points of conflict. In any case, the Tokyo District Court is scheduled to hear opening remarks from each side next week.

Source link

Advertisement
Continue Reading

Technology

Quordle today – hints and answers for Sunday, November 10 (game #1021)

Published

on

Quordle on a smartphone held in a hand

Quordle was one of the original Wordle alternatives and is still going strong now more than 1,000 games later. It offers a genuine challenge, though, so read on if you need some Quordle hints today – or scroll down further for the answers.

Enjoy playing word games? You can also check out my Wordle today, NYT Connections today and NYT Strands today pages for hints and answers for those puzzles.

Source link

Advertisement
Continue Reading

Technology

NYT Strands today: hints, spangram and answers for Sunday, November 10

Published

on

NYT Strands today: hints, spangram and answers for Saturday, September 21

Strands is a brand new daily puzzle from the New York Times. A trickier take on the classic word search, you’ll need a keen eye to solve this puzzle.

Like Wordle, Connections, and the Mini Crossword, Strands can be a bit difficult to solve some days. There’s no shame in needing a little help from time to time. If you’re stuck and need to know the answers to today’s Strands puzzle, check out the solved puzzle below.

How to play Strands

You start every Strands puzzle with the goal of finding the “theme words” hidden in the grid of letters. Manipulate letters by dragging or tapping to craft words; double-tap the final letter to confirm. If you find the correct word, the letters will be highlighted blue and will no longer be selectable.

If you find a word that isn’t a theme word, it still helps! For every three non-theme words you find that are at least four letters long, you’ll get a hint — the letters of one of the theme words will be revealed and you’ll just have to unscramble it.

Advertisement

Every single letter on the grid is used to spell out the theme words and there is no overlap. Every letter will be used once, and only once.

Each puzzle contains one “spangram,” a special theme word (or words) that describe the puzzle’s theme and touches two opposite sides of the board. When you find the spangram, it will be highlighted yellow.

The goal should be to complete the puzzle quickly without using too many hints.

Hint for today’s Strands puzzle

Today’s theme is “Nice fit”

Advertisement

Here’s a hint that might help you: specific types of outfits.

Today’s Strand answers

NYT Strands logo.
NYT

Today’s spanagram

We’ll start by giving you the spangram, which might help you figure out the theme and solve the rest of the puzzle on your own:

Today’s Strands answers

  • JUMP
  • CIVIL
  • STRONG
  • LEISURE
  • BIRTHDAY
  • BUSINESS






Source link

Advertisement
Continue Reading

Technology

Google Tensor G6 could be a Huge Downgrade, in favor of Battery Life

Published

on

Google Tensor G6 could be a Huge Downgrade, in favor of Battery Life

We’re still enjoying the Tensor G4 on the Pixel 9 series, but there’s talk about the Tensor G6 for the Pixel 11 already. And according to the latest report from Android Authority, the Tensor G6 could have a pretty big downgrade. Why? Google wants to fix battery life and the thermals of the Pixel series. Something that they had already done a good job with, for the Pixel 9.

Google is also looking to cut the costs of the Tensor chipset, along with increasing battery life. According to the documents that Android Authority has looked over, the goal for Tensor is to get the target to around $65, to make it viable. Qualcomm’s most recent flagship chips are rumored to cost about $150.

Google’s heard consumers complaints about Tensor

Google is aware of the problems with Tensor, and is looking to solve them. Internally, Google has acknowledged that the number one reason for Pixel returns is overheating. About 28% of returns mention thermals being a problem. They also know that battery life needs to be improved. Stating that “Good battery life attracts user & drives loyalty with higher satisfaction”.

The search giant is looking for ways to improve the situation by reducing the temperature in high-power use cases. Part of this comes by way of the new “Cinematic Rendering Engine” which will reduce the power consumption of video recording with blur by around 40%, which means that it generate considerably less heart.

Advertisement

So what does this mean for Tensor G6? Well, Googleis looking to reduce the die area, without regressing on features compared to the Tensor G5. Currently, the Tensor G5 is about 121 mm2, while the Apple A18 Pro is about 105 mm2, and both are using the same node process.

Tensor G6 is looking to hit that 105 mm2 die area, including 4% area saving from TSMC’s new N3P process node. In order to do this, some sacrifices had to be made, including getting rid of ray tracing and GPU virtualization. Google is also looking to ditch the little cluster on Tensor G6, providing one prime core that’s the ARM Cortex-A930, and then six performance cores that are the ARM Cortex-X730.

It appears that Google is still in the process of actually building this chip, so things could change. After all, the Tensor G4 just came out less than three months ago, and this chip is set for 2026.

Advertisement

Source link

Continue Reading

Technology

Volvo EV drivers can start using Tesla’s Supercharger network this month

Published

on

Volvo EV drivers can start using Tesla's Supercharger network this month

You can soon the battery of a Volvo at more than 17,800 Tesla Supercharger stations across the US and Canada. That should make it much easier for Volvo drivers to find a place to charge, even though they already had access to tens of thousands of fast charge points.

Starting November 18, drivers can locate Tesla Superchargers via the Volvo Cars app or built-in Google Maps. It’s possible to pay for charging sessions via the Volvo Cars app as well.

There’s one teensy catch, however, especially if you have had a Volvo EV for a while: to access Tesla Superchargers and other North American Charging Standard (NACS) chargers, you’ll need an adapter. This costs $230 ($310 CAD) and can be ordered from authorized Volvo retailers. The automaker will start shipping them to retailers on November 18, but adapters for the EX30 will be available at a later date. That said, Volvo is including the adapter with purchases of the new EX90 flagship SUV, EX40 or EC40 starting with model year 2025.

Volvo in June 2023 that it would support Tesla Superchargers and the NCAS. It’s one of many automakers that have backed a more standardized approach to EV charging in North America.

Advertisement

Source link

Continue Reading

Trending

Copyright © 2024 WordupNews.com