Quick Overview

• Salesforce initiated a record-breaking $25 billion accelerated share repurchase (ASR) program — its largest ever
• The repurchase commenced March 11, 2026, delivering approximately 103 million shares upfront
• These 103M shares account for about 80% of the anticipated total repurchase volume
• This $25B ASR represents half of a comprehensive $50 billion buyback authorization approved by directors in February 2026
• CRM shares climbed approximately 2.5% during premarket hours Monday; complete settlement anticipated in Q3 or Q4 of fiscal 2027

Salesforce (CRM) initiated its historic $25 billion accelerated share repurchase initiative on Monday, marking the company’s most substantial ASR to date and pushing shares higher by approximately 2.5% in early trading.

Salesforce, Inc., CRM

The cloud computing giant verified the prepayment and upfront transfer of approximately 103 million shares through ASR contracts executed on March 11, 2026, involving several prominent banking institutions.

The financial partners include Banco Santander, Bank of America, Citibank, JPMorgan Chase Bank, and Morgan Stanley, with J. Wood Capital Advisors providing advisory services for the arrangement.

The upfront transfer of 103 million shares constitutes approximately 80% of total shares projected for repurchase in this phase. The precise final count will depend on CRM’s volume-weighted average trading price throughout the transaction period, adjusted for a discount and other variables.

CEO Marc Benioff expressed strong enthusiasm for the decision. “We are aggressively repurchasing shares because we are so confident in the future of Salesforce,” he stated.

Robin Washington, Salesforce’s president and chief operating and financial officer, characterized the ASR as demonstrating the organization’s “increased conviction in the durability of its growth and cash flow trajectory.”

The $25 billion initiative represents the immediate deployment of precisely half the $50 billion comprehensive share repurchase authorization that Salesforce’s board of directors greenlit during February 2026.

This $50 billion overall program stands among the most substantial buyback commitments in enterprise software sector history.

Financial Details of the Transaction

The upfront 103 million share transfer calculation utilizes CRM’s closing stock price from March 11, 2026 — when the ASR contracts were officially signed.

Final settlement for this $25 billion portion is projected to occur during either the third or fourth quarter of Salesforce’s fiscal year 2027.

Trading approximately 2.5% higher in Monday’s premarket session, investors demonstrated cautious optimism about the announcement, though the response remained relatively modest considering the program’s magnitude.

Salesforce has faced mounting shareholder pressure throughout the past year to productively deploy its expanding cash reserves, and the $50 billion commitment represents a clear response to those demands.

Looking Forward

The additional $25 billion portion of the comprehensive $50 billion authorization remains unexecuted at this time.

This second installment may proceed through additional ASR arrangements or traditional open market acquisitions, though Salesforce hasn’t disclosed a specific timeframe.

The present ASR encompasses five major financial institutions, indicating a carefully orchestrated and professionally managed implementation rather than a straightforward market-based buyback approach.

The definitive share count for this phase will only be determined upon settlement completion, which isn’t anticipated until late in fiscal year 2027.

Momentum indicators are important tools for traders seeking to evaluate the strength and speed of price movements. These technical analysis instruments are used by traders to identify potential entry and exit points, confirm market signals, and filter market noise. In this article, we review five momentum indicators that remain widely used by traders to support them in their  decision-making in volatile markets.

What Is a Momentum Indicator?

Momentum in technical analysis refers to the rate at which an asset’s price accelerates or decelerates. Understanding momentum may assist traders in identifying potential trend continuations or reversals.

A momentum indicator is a technical analysis tool that measures how quickly and strongly an asset’s price is moving. Instead of showing the direction of the trend, it highlights the strength behind price movements. By comparing price changes over a set period, momentum indicators can help traders see if a market is gaining or losing strength. This information is often used to spot potential overbought or oversold conditions and to identify possible entry or exit points.

A stock momentum indicator like the Relative Strength Index (RSI), for instance, may indicate that stocks are currently bought or sold too heavily and their price is due for a reversal.

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The Significance of Momentum Technical Indicators

Momentum indicators do not focus on the direction of the price movement, but rather on the strength behind it. They’re able to quantify and represent hidden clues about the future market direction. By learning to read momentum indicators, traders can develop trading strategies and identify conditions for new trades.

Momentum tools produce a range of signals that offer traders an edge over the markets. Let’s take a look at some of the most common momentum signals, including overbought/oversold conditions, divergences, and crossovers.

Overbought and Oversold Conditions

These signals indicate when an asset’s price has moved too far in one direction without sufficient support from fundamental or technical factors and is likely to reverse. For example, RSI generates overbought signals when the reading rises above 70 and signals oversold conditions when the reading falls below 30.

Divergence

Divergence occurs when the price of an asset moves in the opposite direction of the indicator, suggesting an upcoming reversal. For instance, when the price is making higher highs, but RSI is making lower highs, this indicates a bearish divergence that increases the likelihood of a downward move.

Crossover

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These signals are generated when the indicator’s lines cross each other or a certain threshold. A common example is the MACD, where traders look for crossovers between the fast MACD line and the slower signal line to spot potential entry and exit points.

List of Five Momentum Indicators for Technical Analysis

Now that we understand the types of signals that momentum tools produce, let’s break down five of the most popular with a momentum indicators list. If you’d like to experiment with them yourself, you’ll find each tool in the TickTrader trading platform.

1. Relative Strength Index (RSI)

The RSI is one of the most popular and well-documented momentum indicators. It measures the speed and change of price movements by comparing the average gain to the average loss over a specified period, usually 14.

RSI is an oscillator, moving between 0 and 100. Values above 70 reflect overbought conditions, while values below 30 indicate oversold conditions. When the RSI moves out of overbought or oversold territory, many traders interpret this as a reversal confirmation. Sustained movements above or below the midpoint (50) can also be used to confirm a bullish or bearish trend, respectively. Moreover, traders look for divergence between the RSI and price to identify weakening trends and possible reversals.

2. Average Directional Index (ADX)

The ADX is a momentum indicator used to determine a trend’s strength. Unlike most other tools, its reading doesn’t move according to the direction of price action, i.e. it doesn’t move up if bullish or down when bearish. Instead, it ranges from 0 to 100, with values above 25 indicating a strong trend and below 25 suggesting a weak or non-trending market.

ADX is commonly used in combination with other tools, as it simply confirms the trendiness of a market. For example, traders might use a leading indicator like RSI to anticipate bullishness and confirm the trend when ADX crosses over 25.

3. Commodity Channel Index (CCI)

The CCI is a versatile momentum indicator. It uses a constant in its calculation to ensure that 75% of values fall between +/- 100, with moves outside of the range generally indicating a trend breakout or continuation. It can also show extreme overbought or oversold conditions when its value exceeds +/- 200.

The CCI requires a more nuanced approach than other tools and is typically used to confirm a trader’s directional bias. For instance, a visually identifiable bullish trend can be confirmed by looking at the CCI. If its value is skewed toward 100+, traders can be confident in their observation. When the market cools off, CCI will fall below 100. Traders can then confirm a pullback entry with a move back into the +/- 100 range.

4. Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD)

The MACD is a highly regarded trend-following momentum indicator that shows the relationship between two moving averages of an asset’s price. It’s used in technical analysis to identify the relationship between two moving averages of a security’s price. The MACD reflects the trend’s strength, direction, and duration, as well as possible reversal points.

Traders use crossovers between the MACD and signal lines as potential entry and exit signals. Additionally, when the MACD histogram crosses above or below the zero line, it can indicate bullish or bearish momentum in the market. Lastly, it’s also possible to spot divergences between price and the indicator’s peaks and troughs, similar to how divergences are identified with RSI.

5. Momentum (Mom)

The Momentum indicator is considered a simple tool that measures the rate of change in an asset’s price over a specific period. The value of the Momentum depends on the market it’s applied to. For example, using the Momentum indicator in stocks will result in a fluctuating value typically between +/- 20, depending on the stock’s price. For forex pairs, its range may look more like +/- 0.02.

The common feature across all markets, however, is the zero line. Generally speaking, positive Momentum values indicate upward price movement, while negative values suggest downward movement. It can also show overbought and oversold conditions, but its lack of defined boundaries means this can be tricky. However, Momentum is especially useful for identifying divergences.

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Advantages of Momentum Indicators

Momentum indicators are valuable tools in technical analysis, reflecting the strength and speed of price movements. They offer several advantages that may improve trading strategies:

• Identify Trends Early: Market momentum indicators can reveal potential shifts in trend direction, providing traders with additional context for evaluating entry and exit points.
• Objective Analysis: They provide quantifiable data, reducing reliance on subjective analysis and emotional decision-making.
• Spot Overbought and Oversold Conditions: Momentum tools show when an asset is overbought or oversold, signalling potential reversals and exit points.
• Confirm Trade Signals: Combining momentum indicators with other technical tools may improve trade signals, providing stronger confirmation for trading decisions.
• Adaptable Across Markets: They can be applied to various assets, including stocks, forex, and commodities, making them versatile tools for traders.

Things to Consider When Trading Momentum Indicators

While momentum indicators may be a helpful addition to any trader’s arsenal, there are a few things to be aware of:

• Trade with the Trend: Trends often last longer than you may think, and constantly looking for trend reversals will only end in frustration. Look for bullish signals during an uptrend and bearish signals in a downtrend.
• Use Multiple Indicators: Relying on a single tool can lead to false signals. Many traders combine a lagging indicator, like MACD, with a leading indicator, like RSI. Combining two or three tools may help confirm signals and improve trade accuracy.
• Beware of False Signals: Momentum indicators can sometimes generate false signals, especially in sideways or choppy markets. Being patient and waiting for confirmation before entering a trade is vital.
• Don’t Rely Too Heavily on Indicators: While momentum indicators may be helpful, relying solely on them without considering price action, market structure, or fundamental aspects can lead to poor trading decisions. Use these indicators alongside other tools for a momentum indicator strategy.

Final Thoughts

Momentum indicators play a critical role in technical analysis, offering traders valuable insights into the strength and direction of market movements. Tools such as RSI, MACD, CCI, ADX, and the Momentum Indicator are widely used to confirm trends, highlight overbought or oversold conditions, and improve entry and exit timing. While no single indicator should be used in isolation, combining these tools with solid risk management and broader market analysis can support traders in their trading decision-making.

If you want to test your strategy with the above-mentioned indicators, you may consider opening an FXOpen account, where you can trade over 700 markets with low costs. Good luck!

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FAQ

How May Momentum Indicators Be Used?

Momentum indicators may be used to assess the speed and strength of price movements in a financial market. They can help traders identify potential overbought or oversold conditions, confirm trends, or signal possible reversals. By comparing the current price to previous price levels, momentum indicators provide insights into whether a market move is gaining or losing strength.

What Period is Set for a Momentum Indicator?

If we are talking about the Momentum indicator, the period depends on your trading style. For short-term traders, 7 and 10 periods are common, while long-term traders may prefer 14 and 21 periods. Testing various periods based on asset volatility can improve results.

What Is the Most Popular Momentum Indicator for Scalping?

There is no single most popular momentum indicator for scalping but the Relative Strength Index (RSI) is often favoured by scalpers due to its ability to quickly identify overbought or oversold conditions. Its responsiveness is used by scalpers to make rapid decisions in fast-moving markets.

What Is the Difference Between Momentum and Trend Indicators?

Momentum trading indicators measure the speed of price changes, while trend indicators assess the direction and persistence of price movements. To put it simply, momentum focuses on strength, while trend indicators focus on the overall direction.

Is MACD a Momentum Indicator?

Yes, the Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) is one of the most popular momentum indicators, especially in forex and stock trading. It may reveal changes in momentum and help identify potential trend reversals.

This article represents the opinion of the Companies operating under the FXOpen brand only. It is not to be construed as an offer, solicitation, or recommendation with respect to products and services provided by the Companies operating under the FXOpen brand, nor is it to be considered financial advice.

The company’s total stash is worth $11.5 billion, it said in a recent statement.

The Tom Lee-chaired former Bitcoin mining giant has announced the acquisition of almost 61,000 ETH in the past week, which has pushed its total stash to nearly 4.6 million tokens.

In addition, BitMine said it increased its investment in existing ‘moonshot’ exposures such as Eightco by an additional $80 million to support the latter’s $50 million purchase of OpenAI equity, making it the only publicly listed entity to give investors direct exposure to the company behind ChatGPT.

“Since the start of the Iran war, crypto prices have outperformed and Ethereum has outperformed the S&P 500 by 2,450bp. This is a meaningful outperformance in a mere two weeks,” said Thomas “Tom” Lee, Chairman of Bitmine.

Lee added that higher oil prices will trigger concerns of slowing growth for the global economy, which would push investors to buy growth stocks such as MAG7, software, and crypto.

In its latest Ethereum acquisition of 60,999 tokens, Lee explained that the firm he chairs has ramped up the pace of such purchases as they believe the asset is in the final stages of the mini-crypto winter.

He asserted that BitMine has “staked more ETH than other entities in the world. At scale, the ETH staking rewards are $272 million annually.”

The company’s total stash, which includes its ETH fortune, 196 BTC, a $200 million stake in Beast Industries, a $83 million stake in Eightco, and $1.2 billion in cash, has risen to $11.5 billion. Its Ethereum holdings represent 3.81% of the entire asset supply.

While being the first in the Ethereum treasury world, BitMine is the second overall in crypto, trailing only to Michael Saylor’s Strategy, which announced its latest gigantic BTC purchase earlier today.

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A whitehat hacker has gone public over a months-long feud with the team behind Injective over its response to a critical bug disclosure.

According to the report, the vulnerability in question put $500 million at risk via a faulty validation system.

The pseudonymous crypto security researcher, who goes by the moniker al_f4lc0n, has accused Injective of ghosting them for three months, despite fixing the bug, and later lowballing the bounty payout.

Read more: Ethereum address poisoning spike, ‘wallets aren’t ready’ says researcher

The bug

The bounty hunter uploaded a full bug report to a GitHub repository called “injective-wall-of-shame.”

In the repo’s readme, entitled “I Saved Injective’s $500M. They Pay Me $50K,” they explain that the vulnerability allowed “any user to directly drain any account on the chain. No special permissions needed.”

The more detailed technical report describes how a faulty subaccount validation system allowed for an attacker to submit market orders on other users’ behalf.

The bug was exploitable by an attacker creating a worthless token and creating a spot market, pairing it with USDT. Both these actions are permissionless on Injective.

Then, by creating a sell order of the fake token, the attacker could force victim accounts to buy the worthless token for USDT, “at the attacker’s chosen price.” The USDT could then be permissionlessly bridged off Injective, to Ethereum.

The report claims this put all value on the blockchain at risk, and that the total was over $500 million at the time of disclosure.

The figure currently sits at $280 million, the vast majority of which is in the INJ token.

Embed: Oracle error adds to turmoil at DeFi giant Aave

The bounty

Injective is a blockchain network which lists the likes of Binance, Jump, Google and Pantera as partners, claiming “institutional and government players are joining us.”

Bug bounties are a common way for organizations to crowdsource continuous security monitoring from specialist whitehat bounty “hunters.”

Injective’s ImmuneFi page lists a maximum bounty of $500,000 for critical threats related to its blockchain and smart contracts.

The researcher claims, “a mainnet upgrade to fix the bug went to governance vote. The Injective team clearly understood the severity.”

They also allege that injective “ghosted” for three months after the fix, before offering a bounty 10x lower than the maximum. “To be clear: the $50K has not been paid either,” they stress. 

Protos has reached out to Injective for comment on al_f4lc0n’s claims, but hadn’t received a response before publication. This article will be updated should we receive one.

Got a tip? Send us an email securely via Protos Leaks. For more informed news, follow us on X, Bluesky, and Google News, or subscribe to our YouTube channel.

South Korea has fined crypto exchange Bithumb 36.8 billion won (about $24.5 million) and imposed a six-month partial business suspension after finding widespread violations of Anti-Money Laundering (AML) rules, according to a Yonhap News Agency report. 

According to Yonhap, regulators identified about 6.65 million violations during an AML inspection, including failures related to customer identity verification, transaction restrictions and record-keeping requirements. Authorities found Bithumb facilitated 45,772 crypto transfers involving 18 unregistered overseas virtual asset service providers (VASPs), in violation of South Korea’s AML rules. 

The Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) under the Financial Services Commission (FSC) reportedly decided on the penalties following a sanctions deliberation committee meeting reviewing the exchange’s compliance with the Act on Reporting and Use of Specific Financial Transaction Information. 

The sanction includes the largest fine yet imposed on a South Korean crypto exchange, following an ongoing regulatory crackdown on AML compliance.

South Korea imposes a six-month partial ban on Bithumb

Under the measures, Bithumb will be banned from processing external crypto transfers for new customers for six months, from March 27 to Sept. 26.

However, existing users will face no trading restrictions, while new customers can still buy or sell crypto and deposit or withdraw Korean won from the exchange. 

Related: South Korea plans to use AI for crypto tax enforcement

The FIU said it had repeatedly warned Bithumb to halt transactions with unregistered overseas crypto firms. However, the regulator said the exchange failed to comply and was unable to implement effective blocking measures. 

On March 9, the FIU gave Bithumb a preliminary notice of a six-month partial suspension, citing its concerns over Bithumb’s violations before determining the final sanctions.

South Korea’s broader AML enforcement drive

Apart from Bithumb, the FIU has also previously penalized other South Korean exchanges for AML violations.

In February 2025, the regulator imposed a three-month restriction on crypto deposits and withdrawals for new Upbit customers after finding violations tied to dealing with unregistered VASPs. Upbit also received a 35.2 billion won (about $23.5 million) penalty.

The crackdown later reached crypto exchange Korbit. In December 2025, the FIU imposed a 2.73 billion won (about $1.8 million) fine and an institutional warning on the exchange over AML and customer-verification breaches.