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CoW Swap Points to Legacy Code and Solver Failures in $50M Loss That Aave Attributes to Illiquid Market

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CoW Swap Points to Legacy Code and Solver Failures in $50M Loss That Aave Attributes to Illiquid Market

While Aave blamed an illiquid market, CoW Swap identified a stale gas ceiling, silent solver failures, and a possible mempool leak that turned a bad trade into the worst execution loss in DeFi history.

Aave and CoW Protocol published separate post-mortem reports over the weekend dissecting the March 12 swap that resulted in a trader converting $50.4 million in USDT into roughly $36,000 worth of AAVE tokens, widely considered the largest execution loss of its kind in decentralized finance (DeFi).

The two accounts largely agree on the basic sequence of events but diverge sharply in emphasis and tone, with Aave framing the loss as the predictable consequence of trading in an illiquid market and CoW Swap painting a more complex picture of compounding infrastructure failures that made the outcome dramatically worse than it needed to be.

‘An Illiquid Market’

Aave’s analysis drew a technical distinction between price impact and slippage, arguing that the two are often conflated. The protocol said, “the primary root cause was the routing of a large trade through a market with poor liquidity, leading to an extreme price impact.”

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“It is critical to distinguish between price impact due to an illiquid market and price impact due to slippage,” the team wrote. The user was quoted a price that was already 99.9% below expected market value before the swap even executed, Aave said, and the interface displayed a warning flagging the extreme price impact and required the user to check a confirmation box acknowledging a potential 100% loss.

An internal audit trail confirmed the user acknowledged the warning on a mobile device before proceeding, meaning the catastrophic outcome was visible to the user at the point of confirmation.

Aave stressed that its core lending protocol was never at risk, since the swap occurred via a third-party CoW Swap integration rather than through the protocol’s smart contracts.

‘Technically Correct Is Not the Ceiling’

CoW Swap’s report told a markedly different story, identifying what it called a “chain of compounding factors” that turned an already bad trade into something far worse.

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During the initial quoting phase, three independent solvers submitted potential routes. The best unverified quotes would have returned roughly $5–6 million worth of AAVE for the $50 million order, still an approximately 90% loss but dramatically better than the $36,000 the user ultimately received.

Those better-priced routes never reached the user. CoW Swap’s quote verification system enforced a hardcoded 12-million gas unit ceiling — what the team described as “legacy code predating current gas consumption patterns” — which caused the more efficient routes to fail verification. The only quote that passed came from a solver offering roughly 329 AAVE tokens, far worse than the rejected alternatives. That figure was then used to set the order’s limit price in the Aave interface.

The situation deteriorated further in the auction phase. A solver identified in the report as “Solver E” won two consecutive auctions with a superior execution route but never submitted either transaction onchain. After two failed attempts, the solver stopped bidding entirely, leaving the worst route as the only remaining option.

CoW’s report also flagged evidence of a possible mempool leak. Despite the transaction being submitted via a private RPC endpoint, Etherscan displayed a “confirmed within 30 seconds” tag — a marker that typically appears only when a transaction is visible in the public mempool before being included in a block. CoW said the leak likely enabled the significant MEV activity observed in the execution block.

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CoW struck a notably more self-critical tone than Aave throughout its report, acknowledging that a confirmation checkbox is an inadequate safeguard when trades involve tens of millions of dollars.

“Technically correct is not the ceiling we should be building toward,” the team wrote.

CoW said it has already deployed a fix removing the stale gas ceiling and is continuing to investigate both the solver execution failures and the suspected mempool leak.

AAVE is trading around $121, up roughly 6% over the past 24 hours, according to CoinGecko. Aave is the largest DeFi lending protocol with approximately $25.5 billion in total value locked, per DefiLlama.

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This article was written with the assistance of AI workflows. All our stories are curated, edited and fact-checked by a human.

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Crypto lender BlockFills files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy: BlockFills

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Crypto lender BlockFills files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy: BlockFills

BlockFills has filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the US after suspending deposits and withdrawals last month amid poor market conditions.

BlockFills, an embattled crypto lender, has filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the United States. The filing comes weeks after the platform suspended all deposits and withdrawals, citing difficult crypto market conditions. The bankruptcy marks a major failure in the centralized lending sector.

The collapse follows significant losses at the platform. Last month, BlockFills suspended customer access to funds after sustaining a $75 million loss, which also triggered the departure of CEO Nicholas Hammer. The lender’s troubles underscore ongoing stress in the crypto lending market and risks faced by centralized finance platforms.

Sources: BlockFills

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This article was generated automatically by The Defiant’s AI news system from publicly available sources.

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China Control over Taiwan by 2026 Targeted, Crypto Market Recovers

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Crypto Breaking News

Incidents of military activities near Taiwan are on the rise

The latest news updates indicated that the Chinese army reinforcements augmented activities around Taiwan. The defense authorities of Taiwan have spotted a number of aircraft and naval ships navigating around the island in the recent days.In a case, at least twenty six aircraft of the Chinese military has flown close to the island on Saturday (as per the Taiwan defense ministry). Also, sixteen planes flew into various areas of Taiwanese Air Defense Identification Zone and seven Chinese vessels were also on the water.

The current action is also the part of the continued pressure development by Beijing which is aimed at putting pressure around Taiwan. We have also seen that the Chinese military has been carrying out patrols and exercises in the Taiwan Strait, which enables China to assert its position militarily and at the same time strengthens its self-assertion. There are also more air and naval activities that indicate that Beijing is keen on continuing its presence in the region.

Taiwan has retaliated by enhancing its defensive planning. The National Chung Shan Institute of Science and Technology confirmed fresh initiatives to come up with cost effective air defense ammunition.Lt. Gen. Lee Shih chiang clarified that the systems are meant to counter mass use of low cost weapons. The defense planners of Taiwan are of the view that this will curb the overpowering of the available missile systems.

Political Manoeuvre is a source of tension

Military activity also went along with the heightening of political tensions. Recently Taiwan President Lai Ching-te has highlighted increased defense budget and security of the democratic regime in Taiwan by the country China.Taiwan Affairs office China lamented against such comments and cautioned about any actions that may fuel tensions. Chinese authorities in Beijing mentioned that the leadership in Taiwan must not undertake any measures that enhance confrontation.

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In the meantime the cryptocurrency market also began displaying recovery in spite of the geopolitical pressures. Bitcoin rose to almost seventy four thousand dollars and contributed to the general mood in the market since some digital assets appreciated as investors were lured back to risk markets following previous losses. The market players are still monitoring the political situation globally since the situation is still tense.

The geopolitical tensions worked out of Taiwan after China reinforced the timeline of reunification, which was 2026 and the military activity near the island. Taiwan has consolidated defense preparations as the international markets such as cryptocurrencies keep responding to the changing international trends.

Risk & affiliate notice: Crypto assets are volatile and capital is at risk. This article may contain affiliate links. Read full disclosure

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OpenAI Targets $10B Private Equity Joint Venture to Accelerate Enterprise AI Deployment

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Brian Armstrong's Bold Prediction: AI Agents Will Soon Dominate Global Financial

TLDR:

  • OpenAI is in advanced talks with TPG, Bain Capital, Brookfield, and Advent International for a $10B joint venture deal.
  • Private equity firms will invest $4 billion in exchange for equity stakes and board seats inside OpenAI’s operations.
  • OpenAI’s Frontier product lets enterprises deploy AI coworkers, with customers including Uber, Oracle, State Farm, and HP.
  • Both OpenAI and Anthropic are racing to lock in enterprise contracts ahead of highly anticipated initial public offerings.

OpenAI is reportedly in advanced discussions with several major private equity firms to form a joint venture. TPG, Bain Capital, Brookfield, and Advent International are named as parties to the proposed deal.

The arrangement carries a pre-money valuation of roughly $10 billion. Private equity firms would collectively invest $4 billion in exchange for equity stakes and board seats.

This development positions OpenAI for rapid, large-scale corporate adoption across PE-managed portfolios worldwide.

Private Equity Opens the Door to Hundreds of Portfolio Companies

The proposed joint venture gives OpenAI access to hundreds of companies managed under private equity. TPG alone manages over $200 billion in assets across diverse industries.

These firms collectively control airlines, hospitals, retail chains, logistics networks, and media outlets. Rather than pursuing individual corporate clients, OpenAI would reach entire portfolios through a single deal structure.

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Board seats as part of the arrangement also give PE firms direct influence over OpenAI’s deployment decisions. Their role goes beyond writing checks — it involves shaping how AI tools are rolled out.

As noted by @MilkRoadAI, these firms own companies spanning millions of workers and trillions in combined assets. OpenAI effectively gains a distribution network built over decades of PE operations.

At the center of this deal sits a product called Frontier, launched last month. Frontier allows enterprises to build and manage AI coworkers for real business functions.

Current customers already include Uber, State Farm, Oracle, and HP. The product targets organizations looking to automate core workflows using purpose-built AI agents.

Beyond software, OpenAI introduced Forward Deployed Engineers as a companion enterprise offering. These are full-time OpenAI staff who embed physically inside client companies.

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They map existing workflows, integrate AI into systems, and hand back an operational solution. The minimum contract for this service starts at $10 million per engagement.

OpenAI and Anthropic Race to Lock In Enterprise Adoption Before IPO

OpenAI’s enterprise business already generates $10 billion in annualized revenue, reflecting strong corporate traction. That figure positions the company ahead of a possible public offering.

Anthropic is also pursuing enterprise customers through a similar deployment strategy. Both companies are working to secure corporate adoption before going public.

The competition to control enterprise AI infrastructure has grown considerably in recent months. Whoever embeds deepest into corporate systems holds lasting leverage over long-term contracts.

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OpenAI’s Forward Deployed Engineers are already active inside global banks, telecoms, and automotive companies. Their presence now covers operations across three continents.

The private equity route sidesteps the traditional enterprise sales cycle entirely. Instead of pitching each company individually, OpenAI moves through PE firm relationships at scale.

MilkRoadAI described this as OpenAI finding “a backdoor” into PE-owned companies. That framing speaks to the speed and reach this deal structure could provide.

The proposed joint venture marks a shift in how AI companies pursue large-scale deployment. Private equity’s operational depth makes it a natural distribution channel for enterprise AI.

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OpenAI appears to be constructing both a technology platform and a corporate access machine simultaneously. The outcome of these talks may define how AI reaches major organizations in the years ahead.

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Polymarket Users Threaten Reporter to Change Iran Strike Story

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Polymarket Users Threaten Reporter to Change Iran Strike Story

Prediction markets platform Polymarket says it has now banned and reported users who pressured an Israeli journalist with death threats to amend a news article about an Iranian missile strike that was the subject of a $17 million prediction market. 

The Times of Israel military correspondent Emanuel Fabian wrote in a report on Monday that he began receiving messages to change his report about an Iranian missile that struck outside the Israeli city of Beit Shemesh on March 10.

“As far as I now understand, the emails I received were intended to confirm whether or not a missile had hit Israel on March 10 in order to resolve a prediction on Polymarket,” he wrote.

The market allowed bets on what date Iran would strike Israel, with over $17 million currently wagered on March 10. 

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The rules state the market “will resolve to ‘Yes’ if Iran initiates a drone, missile, or air strike on Israel’s soil on the listed date,” however, a clause in the rules adds that “missiles or drones that are intercepted” wouldn’t be counted even if they land in Israel.

“My minor report on a missile striking an open area was now in the middle of a betting war, with those who had bet ‘No’ on an Iranian strike on Israel on March 10 demanding I change my article to ensure they would win big,” Fabian wrote.

Trading volumes on prediction markets, the largest being Polymarket and Kalshi, have surged in the past year, but critics and lawmakers have warned that popular markets tied to war and political events could incentivize insider trading.

Journalist gets death threats over report

Fabian said he received emails, messages and calls to change his report to say the strike was a missile fragment, with one individual also fabricating a message to make it appear that Fabian agreed the missile was intercepted.

Fabian said he received lengthy, threatening messages in Hebrew from someone called “Haim,” who told him to alter the report or there would be “damage you have never imagined you would suffer.”

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Fabian said Haim warned he was “at risk,” that they would invest money “to finish you,” that he “made a fatal mistake” and that he had made “enemies who will be willing to pay anything to make your life miserable.”

Haim also gave “specific details” about his parents, family and neighborhood, he added.

Fabian said he went to the police over the threats, who are now investigating.

Polymarket said in a statement posted to X on Monday that it “condemns the harassment & threats directed at Emanuel Fabian — or anyone else for that matter.”

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Related: Israel arrests two over Polymarket trades on military operations

“This behavior violates our Terms of Service & has no place on our platform. We’ve banned the accounts for all involved & will pass their info to the relevant authorities,” it added.

Fabian added that, before the threatening messages, a colleague from another media outlet had contacted him, saying an acquaintance was requesting to change the report. 

That journalist later confronted their acquaintance over the request, who admitted to placing bets on Polymarket and offering a portion of the winnings if the report was changed.

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“The attempt by these gamblers to pressure me to change my reporting so that they would win their bet did not and will not succeed,” Fabian said. “But I do worry that other journalists may not be as ethical if they are promised some of the winnings.”

The results of the market over when Iran would strike Israel on Polymarket were in dispute at the time of writing, with “No” bettors asserting the explosion on March 10 was an intercepted missile.

However, Fabian later reported that the Israeli Defense Forces confirmed the missile that exploded outside of Beit Shemesh was not intercepted.

Magazine: How crypto laws changed in 2025 — and how they’ll change in 2026

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