Connect with us

Business

Culture chat — Francis Ford Coppola’s ‘Megalopolis’ is a mess worth seeing

Published

on

This is an audio transcript of the Life and Art from FT Weekend podcast episode:Culture chat — Francis Ford Coppola’s Megalopolis is a mess worth seeing’

Lilah Raptopoulos
Welcome to Life and Art from FT Weekend. I’m Lilah Raptopoulos and this is our Friday chat show. Today we are talking about Megalopolis, the latest film by legendary director Francis Ford Coppola of The Godfather and Apocalypse Now fame. This film is Coppola’s labour of love. It took him more than 40 years, 300 script rewrites and 120mn of his own dollars to make. But despite a star-studded cast, including Dustin Hoffman, Jon Voight and Aubrey Plaza, the film has been quite controversial and left audiences confused, delighted and enraged, maybe in equal measure.

[MOVIE TRAILER PLAYING]

Lilah Raptopoulos
At its simplest, the film is about an idealistic city planner played by Adam Driver, who’s trying to build a utopian city of the future on the ruins of what’s called New Rome, which is some mix of current day New York and ancient Rome. He’s fighting the city’s mayor, who’s a somewhat corrupt pragmatist, and he’s falling in love with the mayor’s daughter who’s caught between them. Today, we’re going to talk about the film and what we think this 85-year-old director is trying to say.

Advertisement

Let’s get into it. I’m Lilah in New York and I’m yelling “time stop” every time I want a second to think about things. Joining me from London, he’s leaping into the unknown to prove that we are free. It’s the FT’s film critic, the great Danny Leigh. Hi, Danny, welcome.

Danny Leigh
Hello, Lilah. Nice to be here.

Lilah Raptopoulos
So nice to have you. And with me in the New York studio, he’s reciting Hamlet’s “To be, or not to be” for no discernible reason. It’s the film critic and host of The Last Thing I Saw podcast, Nicolas Rapold. Welcome, Nick. Hello.

Nicolas Rapold
Thanks. Yeah, because it feels so good.

Advertisement

Lilah Raptopoulos
Because it feels so good. OK, so this is a film that a lot of critics wanted to love, but they seem pretty polarised. Danny, your review was a work of art. You called the film Coppola’s DIY fantasia. Maybe you can tell us, top line, just what you thought of the movie.

Danny Leigh
I mean, I hate to disappoint right off the bat, but it is an impossible question to answer. I mean, I saw the film quite recently. I didn’t see the film in Cannes, so I saw it in London on a kind of wet morning. And there were a couple of other critics there who were talking about the film — one who had seen the film in Cannes and one who hadn’t. And the one who hadn’t said, so listen, just before the lights go down, you know, what is this gonna be? Is this as bad as everybody says? And the critic who’d seen it before said, yeah, it’s pretty bad, but there’s stuff in it. And I kind of feel like that says it all. I just think, I came out 2.5 hours later and once I had and I have a lot to say about it, but I do also feel like it’s pretty bad, but there’s stuff in it.

Lilah Raptopoulos
I think it’s right. What do you think, Nick?

Nicolas Rapold
It’s true. I mean, actually, I was going to say, I think something similar to that just because I mean, the whole expanse of it is this sprawling kind of morass of drama and scenes that don’t always connect, don’t always move smoothly. But then you’ll get these, just eruptions of emotion and passion and weirdness. I mean, the weird thing for me is that obviously this movie is hugely personal and idiosyncratic, but I saw it twice now. I saw it once in Cannes. And then glutton for punishment saw it again in New York. And the second time I had to say, what is this reminding me of? And the weird thing is that maybe it was after, Danny, after reading your review where you described it, I think like it’s a science fiction melodrama. And I thought that phrase sounds like kind of Marvel movies a little bit.

Advertisement

There was something about this movie where, you know, I mean, the characters are having these kind of, first of all, like in the air effectively, half the time it feels like half of Adam Driver’s conversations are like on girders high up in a skyscraper. But, you know, they’re having these, like, high-flown conversations where it’s like, what are you really talking about? It’s the end of the world, but it’s also sort of nothing sometimes. And I’m saying that I do like the movie and enjoy a lot of it, but I’m also like, for what? You know, I don’t know.

Lilah Raptopoulos
You know, I feel quite intimidated to be with two critics. So this, I feel like this is gonna sound very blunt, my opinion about it, but feel free to temper me.

Nicolas Rapold
Be blunt. Movie needs it.

Lilah Raptopoulos
I just felt that this has been a year — even in the political spectrum in America — of great ageing men who should go ahead and just let themselves retire. I don’t know. I felt sort of like, you know, you’re allowed to get to the end of your career and think like, you know what, I did a good job. I said a lot. I’ve maybe said enough. I don’t need to say the last thing that I thought maybe I wanted to say. But that said, Francis Ford Coppola is like one of the greats. He went for it. It was clearly ambitious. I find that admirable always. And I had fun watching it, actually. It was like a great old, luscious, fun thing to watch. I still have no idea who I was supposed to be rooting for or what I was supposed to want. But yeah, I sort of left it feeling like in a weird way, like, if you both had come in strong to say like, this was actually brilliant, I would have been like, OK. Or have you had said, this is total nonsense, then I would have been like, OK. I just sort of felt like, sure.

Advertisement

Danny Leigh
Partly because you’re a perceptive person, Lilah, but also because both of those opinions are valid. And I think almost I mean, brilliant is stretching it, but there are images and there are moments in there that really stayed with me and not because I was sniggering at them, you know. So I think there is real vision and excellence in it. There’s just so much which is really quite explicitly bad as well.

I think I would be surprised and I would, you know, hand on heart, I would slightly question the judgment even of anyone, whether they were a critic or just an audience member, whoever they were, who went along and found Megalopolis dull and found it just kind of grinding and joyless because it’s . . . I just don’t think it’s that. I think it’s quite bad in places and it’s objectionable actually in a couple of other places, but it’s never dull. I mean, your point about old men is definitely valid. And it reminded me because it’s this sort of ongoing question about, you know, why did Coppola make this?

And I think it does rhyme with the situation we saw with Biden, you know, earlier in the year, if I could use that question about, you know, how hard is it actually? And I think the answer is it’s like the hardest thing in the world to step away from power and to just give . . . And particularly at that age where you are, you will be stepping away for the final time. So for Coppola to walk away from the film and leave it unmade is such I mean, I think there’s something so profoundly bleak about that. I think it had to be made and I was so, for that reason, as well as the fact that it’s sort of berserker and does have these moments of near brilliance to it, I’m also glad it exists. Because the idea that it just never got made and Coppola then just rode off into the sunset, you know, with his vineyard intact but with the film nonexistent, that’s kind of depressing.

Lilah Raptopoulos
Right, he sold his vineyard, a part of his vineyard, famously to make this film. You’re right, it did have to be made.

Advertisement

[MUSIC PLAYING]

OK, so let’s do listeners a favour here and just attempt a plot description for anyone who hasn’t seen it just so they can try to visualise what we’re talking about. As you said, Danny, this film starts on the roof of the Chrysler Building with Adam Driver, this utopian stepping out and looking like he’s about to fall over and sort of saying “time stop” and freezing time and then stepping back on to the platform. And so it starts suggesting that there’s this man who has this like power that the rest of us don’t. And then where does it go? And then what?

Danny Leigh
And then he is. And then he is. And, you know, we are summarising quite radically.

Lilah Raptopoulos
Yes, radically.

Advertisement

Danny Leigh
He is frustrated by, I think I said in the review, small minds. It’s certainly at first it’s bureaucracy that frustrates him and it’s the city mayor. So it’s New Rome, which is kind of New York and also ancient Rome in one. And you have the city mayor played by Giancarlo Esposito, who . . . yeah, it’s a kind of interesting character because he’s set up very adversarially at first because he is standing in the way of Driver’s utopian visions. But then when you actually hear Esposito, his character talking, I mean, what he’s saying is, I want instead of these kind of far-flung visionary dreams, I want jobs for people and sanitation and education, all of which I think are good things. And I think, you know, I think at times we are encouraged to think that jobs and sanitation are unnecessary trivia that actually great men shouldn’t really . . . and great civilisation shouldn’t really worry about. Now it’s something that I think by the end of the film I was a little bit troubled by that. But he is anyway at first he’s yeah, I mean all of this stuff is standing in the way and that’s the major rivalry which is set up is this rivalry for the sort of hearts and minds and the Bank of New Rome between the mayor and the bureaucracy and Driver’s, you know, visionary, utopian, maverick dreamer. Then, of course, there’s this Shakespearean complication, which is that he strikes up a relationship with the mayor’s daughter, who’s played by the British actress Nathalie Emmanuel, who I thought was quite good, actually. Again . . . 

Lilah Raptopoulos
She was pretty good. They all seem to be working very hard.

Nicolas Rapold
Especially Shia LaBeouf.

Danny Leigh
Everyone’s working so hard, right? I mean, everyone’s just working so hard. You can see the sweat pouring.

Advertisement

Lilah Raptopoulos
Totally.

Danny Leigh
And it’s sort of set itself up as this sort of there’s a political intrigue, there’s also a family intrigue. Everything becomes very operatic very quickly.

Nicolas Rapold
Yeah, I mean, city politics provides a big, like, template for the movie, or at least for me, for understanding the movie. Just the kind of big personalities, you know, the way tabloid vies for like, legitimate policy issues and what you’re paying attention to. And then the fact that in the end, nothing really seems to get done anyway. Or maybe a mayor gets convicted or indicted, for example. I think it was amazing to me that this movie’s release almost coincided with the indictment of New York’s own mayor.

Lilah Raptopoulos
Right. Right.

Advertisement

Danny Leigh
It’s amazing. It’s almost like Coppola orchestrated the whole thing.

Lilah Raptopoulos
I know. And it does feel sometimes like we’re living in a fever dream here in New York like the film.

Nicolas Rapold
Yeah, absolutely. And I mean, just in terms of like painting a word picture as it were for listeners, I mean, a big part of this movie is you’re on like a skyscraper or you’re at a party. There is always this heightened reality that you’re part of. You know, even when you’re in like ostensibly just like a quiet bedroom boudoir moment, there’s like scheming that’s going on, you know? So there’s never a point that isn’t in some way, you know, heightened.

Lilah Raptopoulos
Yeah, yeah, yeah. I think you both touched on something that I found to be the most confusing thing about it, which is that I just really didn’t know who I was rooting for in a way, or whether the person I ended up rooting for was the person I was supposed to be rooting for. For example, as you were saying, Danny, the mayor, I actually kind of liked the mayor and I ended up sympathising with the mayor. And I thought, you know, is Adam Driver meant to be Francis Ford Coppola? And are we meant to sort of like support him in his dream for this utopian future? Because this utopian future is the future of creativity or the future of cinema or the future of people sort of being able to make beautiful things and come together and all that. Or is Adam Driver, Elon Musk? And like, he has this utopian vision, but he’s a kind of a horrible guy. Yeah, I didn’t know where I was supposed to be landing basically, ever.

Advertisement

Danny Leigh
Well, again, I think the answer is probably both. I mean I think certainly and without getting into the realm of spoilers, I mean, as the film plays out, actually, I think you are very much supposed to throw your emotional weight behind Driver and behind the kind of the cause of artistic freedom and Randian individual will at all costs. I mean, that seems . . . that seemed pretty open and sharp actually. (Inaudible) halfway through the movie. And the Elon Musk-ness of it, I think is part of that. I mean, it’s interesting. In using that word in the widest possible sense politically, because there’s a lot of stuff which you assume that has been kind of folded into the story in the last few years, you know, before it finally went before the cameras about populism. And I think the Trumpist kind of mindset. I mean, Coppola is not a fan and it’s kind of held up for scorn and ridicule.

But interestingly, I mean, that Muskian worldview, that becomes the centre of the film, really. And I don’t know. Yeah, I mean, I think it makes quite a lot of us feel quite uncomfortable about that idea of the master engineer. And actually, you know, probably not just New Rome itself, but the entire future of the species should best be handed over to like, a visionary engineer who has this team of kind of flunkies scurrying around. And he’ll just say in a sort of Elon Musk kind of way, we must be interconnected. And then people go off and sort of act on that. You know, it’s like, get right on that.

Lilah Raptopoulos
Right. Everybody’s just like stepping on to each other in a very literal interpretation of interconnected.

Danny Leigh
Yeah, exactly. Whereas you look, I mean, wow. I mean, you look at the history of the internet that has unfolded in the time that Coppola has been trying to get this film made. And I think you actually come away thinking, I’m not sure interconnection is what we need more of. I think possibly a bit less of that. But yeah, I think I mean, so yeah, I think it is very much Driver as a proxy for Coppola and then does run into you know, who knows whether that was explicitly going through Coppola’s mind. But you know, he does become very Elon by the end of the film.

Advertisement

Nicolas Rapold
Yeah. Well, it’s such an interesting question, thinking about, you know, what it might refer to, what it might be saying about now, today’s world, because what is now for a movie that’s been being made for 40 years, you know, I mean, the things that felt most now to me in the movie were comments that actually were kind of mostly in voiceover. Now that I think about the, Laurence Fishburne’s wonderful voiceover to the movie narrating it, is that people are losing faith in institutions. So that’s the kind of backdrop to the tragedy of the great man here.

It’s not just that people aren’t listening to him, but that people just don’t even believe in the democracy, that he’s kind of creating a factual physical structure for people to live in. And that rings true, you know, I mean, and that also rings true with the kind of confusion within the movie, which is that, you know, it’s not like people decide one day, you know what? I just don’t really care about democracy. It’s more just like there’s so much stuff going on, you know, there’s so much distraction.

But yeah, what is now? Because if he started at least talking about the movie in the early ‘80s, you know he would have been coming out of 1970s New York which is like kind of the classic picture of decline and fall of a city that was a template for like Tim Burton’s Batman, for example. And in that case, he’s looking ahead at like Reagan years coming ahead of him. And maybe he’s questioning that idea of empire and thinking that might eventually fall. But then he keeps at it. And then by the ’90s or 2000s, what does he think? He had footage shot a little bit before September 11th, which then, you know, kind of upends everything, the whole puzzle pieces again.

Lilah Raptopoulos
Right. It’s true, even his vision of utopia in the film is this sort of like giant bouquet of flowers with these like, golden moving walkways, like this is what he wants New York to be. And it really looks like some combination of like an architect’s rendering of Walt Disney’s Tomorrowland, like The Jetsons maybe, and Singapore like, it feels sort of like this funny combination, the world fair. It’s like an old version of what the future would look like. And I looked at it and I thought like, I don’t know, I kind of prefer regular New York.

Advertisement

Nicolas Rapold
Yeah, well, Danny, there’s another thing in your review that I really liked that you mentioned. You know, in some ways it’s like a silent film, in some of the, maybe like the style of it and obviously it’s right there in the title, he’s not just gonna do Metropolis, he’s going to do Megalopolis, you know.

Danny Leigh
Exactly right. Which is such a kind of a late 20th, 21st century take on that. So it’s like, Yeah, exactly. Metropolis but bigger, but mine.

Nicolas Rapold
Yeah, and Metropolis, you know, when you go back and watch it, it’s, yeah, it is like that. It’s like this, you know, The Jetsons kind of thing a little bit. And it has this idea of the people above and the people below, you know, I mean, one thing that is tough for me in the film is how it thinks about people, the people it’s ostensibly talking about. It has this really, I mean, this idea of like, just like the rabble.

Lilah Raptopoulos
Right, right.

Advertisement

Nicolas Rapold
And I don’t know what it is about movies maybe lately, maybe always. I don’t know. They just seem to have a problem, like visualising people or like, how do we represent the people that this movie is ostensibly a drama about, you know, affecting them, you know?

Lilah Raptopoulos
Yeah. What do you mean? What other examples do you mean?

Nicolas Rapold
You mean of movies now that have trouble with that?

Lilah Raptopoulos
Yeah.

Advertisement

Nicolas Rapold
Well, the other thing I’m noticing, and I hope to write about this, I don’t think this idea . . . is that movies just don’t have a lot of people in them now. And that’s maybe partly a pandemic thing. Maybe that’s partly still, I don’t know what, cost-cutting, but you can watch movies and something you’re like, what’s going on? Like are there no other people in this city? Why is this block empty? And I see that in movie after movie, and it’s probably maybe economic considerations. Maybe everything in the backdrop is done through digital composites anyway. So they’re kind of an afterthought. But it has a real effect because it’s like you’re not seeing people, you know, think of a ’30s, ’40s movie. You’re constantly seeing people running around. I mean a metropolis is crawling with people, for one thing. So yeah, I don’t know. I did think about this one.

Lilah Raptopoulos
You’re right. And Megalopolis is kind of . . . they’re all just like masses screaming and . . . 

Danny Leigh
Yeah, it’s so true. And it’s really . . . No, no. I’m really glad this has come up because it’s a really glaring problem with the film, I think. I mean, because what Coppola is doing is reinstating the epic with everything that comes with that. And so the epic is not this little three-hander that’s sort of shot in one apartment in Manhattan because they’re actually making it for a couple of million. I mean, this is Coppola’s world. And so it’s interesting what gets into that world. It’s like Noah, you know, what gets let in and what doesn’t.

And yeah, people, ordinary people very much don’t. And the reason it’s so glaring is because actually they’re a really important part of the story. You know, we first see Driver on top of the Chrysler Building but I think the next time we see him, he’s there blowing up all of these apartment blocks. And we suddenly realise, kind of later in the film, it’s sort of mentioned in passing, that actually those were people’s homes and he wanted them out of the way because he’s doing that Robert Moses thing of like clearing New York, New Rome to make something more beautiful and wonderful. But actually, all those people have been displaced. And again, it’s weird. I mean, Coppola makes a lot of decisions that I think are just there to keep the running time down.

Advertisement

And one of them . . . But genuinely one of them is that like there’s no meat on the bones of that idea of wait, like, all of those New Yorkers who now don’t have a place to live, where did they go? And it’s almost comical how uninterested Coppola is in . . . And actually and this is one of the things I like much less about the film, there is also something quite weirdly small about it. And I think it’s this, you know, I’m interested in the people in this room and I’m not really very interested at all in anybody who’s not in this room with me.

Lilah Raptopoulos
Yeah, and those are actually all people with power.

Nicolas Rapold
Yeah, right.

Danny Leigh
Yeah.

Advertisement

[MUSIC PLAYING]

Lilah Raptopoulos
And so I want to ask both of you, why do you think . . . I know a lot has been written and thought about this, but I’m curious what you think. Why do you think he made this film? Like, he sold part of his wine company to finance it. He’s defended it fiercely since it’s come out. You know, it doesn’t seem like he cares whether the movie is a commercial hit or not. That’s not the point. Why do you think he’s so invested in it?

Nicolas Rapold
I mean, I think there are different ways to answer that. I mean, one is almost just a constitutional way. I think when you’re a director and your whole life, like the machine of your mind and your will has always been directed towards finishing the project, he almost can’t not. He’s like built to do that by now, and he’s gonna do that till he drops. So that’s part of it. I mean, part of it is, I think he thinks he’s making a statement, you know, about the world as it is and about, you know, inevitably about great men as well. I mean, this is a guy who actually made a movie called Tucker: The Man in His Dream, you know. Like, he’s not gonna shy away from making movies that their scope sounds almost a little hokey. You know, you have to say. But he still thinks there’s value in it. So I guess he thought it was good. I don’t think that it was just like he was just like white knuckling, I just got to get this done and then I can go back to making wine or something, you know? Yeah, I think he wants to have a say about the way the world is today.

Danny Leigh
Yeah, because I think there’s two possible projects or ideas that would stay with somebody that long and one is gonna be a biography of somebody who is just of profound importance to Coppola or whoever, whatever director this is, who spends 40 years, you know, dreaming of a film and then finally getting to make it. It’s somebody who has changed their life and they’ve always wanted to tell that story. Or over the period of time where the film is not getting made and is endlessly in development and is getting rewritten and redrafted constantly, it ends up becoming about everything and at that point, you know, you get . . . so Coppola is in his forties when he starts putting this thing together, you know, and both for him personally and for the world, you know, he keeps appropriating, you know, everything which is going on.

Advertisement

Everything is about Megalopolis for him. It’s the prism through which he lives, you know. So and world events are getting kind of fed into this vast machine that he’s created. Yeah. How are you gonna walk away from that? And so at a certain point and I think, you know, with the money, it did get to a point where, had he spent any more, he would have actually risked bankrupting his family. But he took it like right up to the line and said, well, the movie has swallowed him whole, essentially, you know, And so he sort of, so it has to be made.

Lilah Raptopoulos
And when you say it’s everything, where did you both land on that? Like what, I would say, what is the moral of this movie? But like, what are the morals of this movie? It seems like there are about seven.

Danny Leigh
Yeah, exactly. I mean, it feels unfair to narrow it down to one. It’s that . . . And also, I mean, it’s difficult to talk about because it’s sort of there in the for me at least in the final scene, which is at once one of the most eye-poppingly hokey, like, impossibly cheesy cornball things I’ve ever seen in my life and also weirdly moving and sort of semi profound. And without giving away specifics, I mean, I think it’s again for me, this is the best of the movie. The moral is about the future and the importance of the future, as as trite as that sounds.

And I think if an 85-year-old, of anyone of 85 talking about the future, there is a certain melancholy to that and a certain power to that, that says the future isn’t just important but is possible. And it is quite striking. I mean, when was the last time we had a vision of the future on film that was anything other than profoundly dystopian? There’s a version of the story where the wisdom resides in the grizzled, old, you know, patriarchal figure. And what’s interesting about the film is it’s, we haven’t talked about its sexual politics, which are absolutely jaw-dropping. And it’s like a deeply patriarchal film, actually, kind of like he’s a young patriarch. I mean, there is that. I mean, it’s not so there isn’t this sort of, you know, there’s this grizzled figure with tablets of stone passing them down. I mean, actually the hope of the film and the talent in the film lies with people in early middle age, you know, which seems to, which actually seems quite radical thing for an 85-year-old director to say.

Advertisement

Nicolas Rapold
Yeah, I would totally agree with that. I mean, there’s a sense in which the movie is kind of like a $120mn version of a dinner toast, you know, where it’s like, I just want everyone to feel better, be happy. You know, I love my family is here. You know, it’s this sort of thing. And I can’t really, you know, I can’t really begrudge an expression of hope like that because there is also like the dark flipside to it, which is, you know, like, a movie like Joker, you know, where there are people and they’re all raving maniacs and, you know, who’s to say which one is a more accurate depiction of the voting body at the moment? Maybe it is half and half. I don’t know. So yeah, I think it’s very much an expression of hope. It’s very much a faith in creativity. And sometimes I think that’s also offensive to people actually. Maybe that’s maybe an American thing, especially, I don’t know, That somehow that’s a threat. I don’t know.

Danny Leigh
I think . . . we do we do that in Britain, too! Don’t worry.

Nicolas Rapold
OK. Just to tear people down for trying that. And then there’s just people love, even whether or not they think it’s going to be one, a flop. You know, like there’s, you know, there are books, like Greatest Flops of All Time, you know, this sort of thing. So there’s like ready-made.

Lilah Raptopoulos
Yeah, yeah, yeah.

Advertisement

[MUSIC PLAYING]

My last question for both of you is just was this film worth the struggle? You know, 40 or something years in the making? Are we glad it was made?

Nicolas Rapold
I would say yes. Yes. Unqualified yes. Just because, I don’t know. I mean, you want people to go all out and do something crazy. And not every movie has to be perfect. Some of the perfect movies are the most boring ones. And sometimes the mistakes are interesting, too. And look, I mean, I’m also just enough of like a, you know, movie fan where it’s like, new Francis Ford Coppola, how may I not gonna be sort of excited about that? At the very least I’ll rewatched, you know, The Godfather or Apocalypse Now or you know The Conversation and I’ll take that excuse. And so yeah, I mean I guess there’s also, being that this is the Financial Times, I guess there’s the monetary question of whether it’s worth it. And that’s hard to say, but millions are spent on much worse movies . . . 

Lilah Raptopoulos
That’s true.

Advertisement

Nicolas Rapold
 . . . that do not have a personal stamp and . . . 

Danny Leigh
That should absolutely be the tagline, that they’ve missed a (inaudible) . . . Millions are spent on much worse movies.

Nicolas Rapold
So what the hay, dot dot dot.

Lilah Raptopoulos
Why not?

Advertisement

Danny Leigh
I feel the same way. I mean, I feel the same way. I feel like . . . I mean, actually, it’s so rare to find a movie where you can, hand on heart, say, which I can. I’d like to see this film again fairly soon. You know, you’re right. It was interesting what you just mentioned that actually, if nothing else, it made you think of Coppola’s other films and made you revisit them mentally. So it has, you know, genuinely it served a purpose in that sense.

And also I do want to see how this film holds up in 20 years’ time, you know, if we’re all (inaudible) . . . It’s almost too easy. It’s like the narrative around it being a flop, the narrative where then in 20 years’ time actually, everyone discovers it was this work of unparalleled genius after all. That’s a little too pat, I think, but I’m interested . . . I’m really sincerely interested in what I and two, the three of us and everyone else in the world makes of Megalopolis in the future.

Again, it comes back to the future and you can’t say that about, you know, every film that comes along and we’re here talking about it and we could actually, I think, you know, we’ve had a semi-coherent, for me, fascinating conversation about the film that you can’t do that about a lot of films and we could say, we could very easily sit and talk for like another two hours about the movie. So and this is not something which often happens.

Lilah Raptopoulos
Yeah, that’s true. Well, Danny and Nick, thank you so much. We will be back in just a moment for more or less.

Advertisement

[MUSIC PLAYING]

[THE RUN THROUGH PODCAST TRAILER PLAYING]

Welcome back for More or Less, where each guest says one thing they want to see more of or less of in culture. Nick, what do you have?

Nicolas Rapold
I mean, this is maybe more of just a way of taking in culture. And I guess I just want to see more of just pulling a book off the shelf that, you know, it doesn’t have its everything paved out for you, you know, in terms of, you know, everything about it, you know, and you know the author super well or even that it came out last year. I mean it sounds very mundane, but you know, I’m reading like a book of fairy tales right now from 1920s Japan, and it’s just very refreshing. And it sort of shifts your framing of things and is a form of what I think about some newer books as well. So yeah, it might sound mundane, but it’s reliably been a way to kind of reset for me.

Advertisement

Lilah Raptopoulos
Yeah, don’t just book, pick the buzzy book necessarily, yeah . . . I love that one. What is the fairytale book?

Nicolas Rapold
The author is Keiji Miyazawa. They’re not straight-up fairy tales. They’re this kind of enigmatic sort of stories, but they have a lot of talking animals. I think that’s why I went back to it as well, because I was like, you know, I just wanted another way to think about animals.

Danny Leigh
That’s fantastic.

Lilah Raptopoulos
Yeah, that’s fantastic. Danny, what about you?

Advertisement

Danny Leigh
I guess it sort of spins off the conversation we’ve had about Megalopolis, but I think it can be applied more widely and I think there should be more three-star reviews and not necessarily formal reviews. All of our approach to culture. I think that the militantly dispassionate three-star is something which there needs to be more of. I just, you know, you could get quite pompous and earnest about this quite quickly and talk about, you know, the curse of polarisation and the world being at its own throat the whole time. But also, I just think, I think taking an approach which, you know, no longer wanting or expecting to be saved by a piece of culture or a work of art, but also no longer wanting to grind it into the dust and laugh at it. I think we should strive for that a bit more to just kind of, to just settle for the militant lukewarm water.

Nicolas Rapold
Yeah, I would second that. Sometimes it feels like people want to work themselves up about something. Like, it’s OK if you’re just fine with it, too.

Lilah Raptopoulos
Well, and the funny thing is, even like, even, Danny, your three-star review about Megalopolis didn’t mean that you felt “eh, whatever” about, right? It didn’t mean, it was totally dispassionate. And there’s hours of conversation behind those three stars.

Danny Leigh
Yeah. I mean, sometimes, I mean, “Meh” is a really valid and profound response, but also just that . . . I mean, listen, I mean, full disclosure. I mean, I spend my life, you know, in a state of a sort of mixed-bag-ness and feeling kind of vaguely ambivalent about pretty much everything. And it just certainly feels with culture like, yeah. And then it’s, the this and the that of it is what is fascinating, surely. And I mean, if something just, you know, if something just confronts you with its own status as a masterpiece straight away. I don’t know. I tend to think that’s a little boring. And actually the three-star approach to life is a bit more nutritious, I think, in the long term.

Advertisement

Lilah Raptopoulos
Yes, I think so, too. Mine is very short. It’s a less. It’s really a PSA. It’s less last-minute Halloween costume decisions. It’s a PSA to start thinking about your Halloween costume now. Because if any of you have ever been to one of those, like, temporary spirit Halloween costume places on Halloween, it’s like the most depressing place in America, maybe the world. So do it now. Buy your wig. You know, buy your wig on the internet before you have to put it on your head.

Nicolas Rapold
And yeah, it’s true. But it also makes it more fun because it becomes like this creative project, you know? Don’t be a Megalopolis. Don’t take, you know, don’t leave everything to last minute.

Lilah Raptopoulos
Yeah, exactly.

Danny Leigh
But wait, surely. I mean, I have to ask now from however many thousands of miles away. I mean, so what are you two wearing for Halloween?

Advertisement

Lilah Raptopoulos
It doesn’t mean I know yet. I just realised on my walk in today that it’s time for me to decide because last year I was Marty McFly from Back to the Future because it was easy to just like put on a red vest and wear jeans. And it made me sad. I thought, I think I’m better than that.

Nicolas Rapold
Yeah. I also, I too do not know yet, we’re still in the development stage. Still looking for funding. I don’t know how it’s how it’s gonna go.

Lilah Raptopoulos
Just sell a couple bottles of wine (inaudible) for your costume. Danny and Nick, this was really so much fun. So interesting. Thank you for coming on the show.

Nicolas Rapold
Thank you.

Advertisement

Danny Leigh
Pleasure.

Lilah Raptopoulos
That’s the show. Thank you for listening to Life and Art from FT Weekend. Do check out the show notes this week. We have Danny’s review of Megalopolis. We have a link to Nick’s movie newsletter and podcast. Also in the show notes, you can find my email address and I’m on Instagram @lilahrap where I love chatting with all of you about culture.

I’m Lilah Raptopoulos and here’s my wonderful team. Katya Kumkova is our senior producer. Lulu Smyth is our producer. Our sound engineers are Breen Turner and Sam Giovinco, with original music by Metaphor Music. Topher Forhecz is our executive producer and our global head of audio is Cheryl Brumley. Have a lovely weekend and we’ll find each other again on Monday.

Source link

Advertisement
Continue Reading
Advertisement
Click to comment

You must be logged in to post a comment Login

Leave a Reply

Business

Chagos Islands, British treatment and Tory rivalries

Published

on

This article is an on-site version of our Inside Politics newsletter. Subscribers can sign up here to get the newsletter delivered every weekday. If you’re not a subscriber, you can still receive the newsletter free for 30 days

Good morning. For the first time since the 18th century, the sun will set on the British empire. When the UK formally cedes sovereignty of the Chagos Islands to Mauritius, there will once again be a point in the day where all of the UK’s remaining overseas territories (and the UK itself) will be in darkness.

Betrayal of British interests? Glorious feat of diplomacy? Something else entirely? Some thoughts on that in today’s newsletter.

Inside Politics is edited by Georgina Quach. Read the previous edition of the newsletter here. Please send gossip, thoughts and feedback to insidepolitics@ft.com

Advertisement

Notorious BIOT

The agreement over the British Indian Ocean Territory gives the UK and the US a 99-year lease over the US-UK military base in Diego Garcia with an option to extend it further. It has been welcomed by US secretary of state Antony Blinken and President Joe Biden.

Yet according to James Cleverly and his campaign proxies, the UK decision is a betrayal of vital British interests.

Or, if you prefer the version of events advanced by Tom Tugendhat and Robert Jenrick, it cedes power to China, and, in addition to being the fault of Labour, is also the fault of Cleverly, the former foreign secretary who started the ball-rolling on the talks in 2022 that led to this treaty!

No, it’s really the fault of Liz Truss, the prime minister at the time, but also, somehow, Keir Starmer. So say some, I would say, slightly confused allies of Cleverly, who are looking to deflect blame somewhere, anywhere, other than the desk of their chosen candidate for the Conservative leadership.

Advertisement

Who’s right? Well, bluntly, in terms of global rivalry, Mauritius, along with Eswatini, are the only former British colonies in Africa who are not part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative. It seems more likely that Mauritius will continue to stay outside the BRI and not fall into China’s influence if the UK is paying it money to rent a military base on a long-term lease, than if the UK is not giving it money and is insisting that it is not going to honour its half-a-century-old promise to cede the Chagos Islands.

There are many, many things you can reasonably say about Truss but I don’t think being insufficiently hawkish on China is one of them.

There’s a historical irony here: until now, the 50-year period in which the archipelago and its residents have been politically contested has been one in which Labour governments have done their utmost to first dispossess and uproot the Chagossians. During that time Conservative governments have been the ones recognising the scale of the problem.

Back in 1965, when the then-Labour government drastically reduced the UK’s global military commitments, they hived off the 58-island archipelago from the rest of what is now Mauritius ahead of negotiations over the terms of Mauritius’ independence. The UK pledged to return the islands as and when it was no longer needed by the US military, knowing full well at the time that this promise was unlikely to be made good on.

Advertisement

Harold Wilson’s government then embarked on a systematic programme of uprooting and dispossessing the Chagos Islanders — dismissed in a government memo at the time as “some few Tarzans and Man Fridays whose origins are obscure” — which continued to run until 1973. It was not until defeat in court and the arrival of another Conservative government, that of Margaret Thatcher, in 1982, that proper compensation was paid to the islanders directly.

Under New Labour, the government used the royal prerogative — powers held by the executive that do not require parliamentary approval — to overturn court verdicts that ruled the Chagossians’ expulsion was unlawful. The UK created a marine protection area which, according to a Foreign Office official quoted in a cable published by the Guardian and WikiLeaks in 2010, would ensure there would be “‘no human footprints’ or ‘Man Fridays’ on the British Indian Ocean Territory uninhabited islands”. (If you want more on this, do check out Andrew Jack’s excellent Big Read from back in 2015.)

The last Conservative government in 2016 announced a further programme of compensation. It was the last Tory administration that started the ball rolling on this set of negotiations.

Ultimately, this deal has been welcomed by the White House. The talks were initiated by a Conservative government. Tory MPs were hardly shy of criticising aspects of the Truss government at the time, yet Cleverly, Tugendhat and Jenrick have, remarkably, only now objected. Both Cleverly and Tugendhat held relevant ministerial roles at the time, to boot. The deal has rather more continuity with Conservative approaches to the archipelago than to Labour’s much grubbier history.

Advertisement

Call me unduly cynical but it feels as if the biggest change here is that it suits the perceived self-interest of some Conservatives to censure the government no matter what, and the interest of others to attack Cleverly.

Now try this

One final recommendation from Birmingham: it’s one of the places blessed with a Boston Tea Party, a lovely small West Country chain that sadly has yet to come to London. If you are lucky enough to live near one, you should give them a visit.

However you spend it, have a wonderful weekend!

Top stories today

  • Making shirt-shrift of reality | Only five MPs registered free clothing from external donors in the entire decade before the last financial year, according to FT analysis of the Commons register of interests. Keir Starmer’s allies claimed garment gifting from wealthy backers was not irregular. “All MPs get gifts,” the prime minister told reporters last month.

  • Free vote on assisted dying | MPs are to be granted a free vote on legalising assisted dying in the UK by the end of the year, after a bill to give terminally ill people “choice at the end of life” is presented to parliament.

  • Pensions in the Budget firing line? | Investment experts are warning of a potential tax raid on pensions by UK chancellor Rachel Reeves in this month’s Budget, as the UK government seeks to close a £22bn hole that it has identified in the public finances.

  • All fired up | The UK government has announced up to £21.7bn of support to get the country’s first carbon capture and storage projects up and running, in a big moment for the nascent industry but one that highlights the costs involved.

  • ‘I am not going to make those mistakes’ | Reeves has attacked her predecessor for cutting back on planned investment as she cleared the way for billions of pounds of extra capital spending in the Budget.

A sketch showing three people and one is dressed in flamboyant clothes carrying a briefcase with ‘MP’ on it
© Banx

Recommended newsletters for you

US Election Countdown — Money and politics in the race for the White House. Sign up here

One Must-Read — Remarkable journalism you won’t want to miss. Sign up here

Advertisement

Source link

Continue Reading

Money

Martin Lewis warns it’s your ‘last chance’ to stock up on stamps before 22% price hike next week

Published

on

Martin Lewis warns it's your 'last chance' to stock up on stamps before 22% price hike next week

MARTIN Lewis has warned Brits to stock up on first-class stamps before next week’s 22 per cent price hike.

The price of first-class stamps will rise by 30p to £1.65, the second rise in a year, Royal Mail confirmed.

Martin Lewis has urged Brit to stock up on first-class stamps

2

Martin Lewis has urged Brit to stock up on first-class stampsCredit: Rex
Royal Mail has announced a 22 per cent price hike on first-class stamps

2

Advertisement
Royal Mail has announced a 22 per cent price hike on first-class stampsCredit: Getty

The delivery giant revealed that the price hike will be in effect from Monday 7.

Martin Lewis is urging Brits to bulk-buy first-class stamps in advance as they are “still valid after the hike”.

He said: “For years, every time stamps go up in price I’ve suggested people stock up and bulk-buy in advance, as provided the stamp doesn’t have a price on it and instead just says the postage class, it’s still valid after the hike.

“So you may as well stock up now, even if it’s just for Christmas cards for the next few Christmases.”

Advertisement

The founder of Money Saving Expert has also warned Brits against buying fake stamps when stocking up.

He recommended buying from reputable high street stores and making sure to keep the receipt.

Stamps can also be bought directly from the Royal Mail online shop, but you have to spend £50 to get free delivery.

In April, the UK postal service announced it had paused the £5 penalty for anyone receiving a letter with a fake stamp.

Advertisement

However, you still risk facing charges if caught sending mail with counterfeit stamps.

Royal Mail has introduced a new stamp scanner, available for free via their app, to check if stamps are genuine.

eBay Parcel Surprise: Rare Stamps Galore!

The price increase for first-class stamps is the second one this year after they rose by 10p to £1.35 in April and by 10p to 85p for second class.

The company has frozen the cost of second-class stamps at 85p until 2029 in a bid to keep the sending of letters affordable.

Advertisement

Royal Mail says it has tried to keep price increases as low as possible in the face of declining letter volumes, and inflationary pressures.

When announcing the price rise earlier this month, it also cited the costs associated with maintaining the so-called Universal Service Obligation (USO) under which deliveries have to be made six days a week.

Royal Mail said letter volumes have fallen from 20billion in 2004/5 to around 6.7billion a year in 2023/4, so the average household now receives four letters a week, compared to 14 a decade ago.

The number of addresses Royal Mail must deliver to has risen by 4million in the same period meaning the cost of each delivery continues to rise.

Advertisement

Nick Landon, Royal Mail’s chief commercial officer, said: “When letter volumes have declined by two-thirds since their peak, the cost of delivering each letter inevitably increases.

“The universal service must adapt to reflect changing customer preferences and increasing costs so that we can protect the one-price-goes anywhere service, now and in the future.”

How prices have changed

Royal Mail previously raised the price of first-class stamps from £1.10 to £1.25 last October, before boosting them again in April.

Right now, a first-class stamp costs £1.35, which covers the delivery of letters up to 100g.

Advertisement

Historically, the cost of stamps has seen a steady increase over the years, reflecting inflation and operational costs. For example, in 2000, a First Class stamp was priced at 41p.

A second-class stamp is priced at 85p and also covers letters up to 100g.

The stamps can be bought individually if you buy them at a Post Office counter.

Stamp Price Changes

Advertisement

Royal Mail has announced a price hike by 22 per cent for first-class stamps, with the cost of second-class stamps remaining the same.

First – standard:

Current price – £1.35

Price from Monday 7 – £1.65

Advertisement

Price rise – 30p (+22 per cent)

First – large:

Current price – £2.10

Price from Monday 7 – £2.10

Advertisement

Price rise 50p (+24 per cent)

Second – standard:

Current price: 85p

Price from Monday 7 – 85p

Advertisement

No change

Second – large

Current price: £1.55

Price from Monday 7 – £1.55

Advertisement

No change

Otherwise, you can typically buy them in sets of multiple stamps.

The first class service typically delivers the next working day, including Saturdays, while the second class service usually delivers within 2-3 working days, also including Saturdays.

For larger letters, the cost of a first-class stamp is £2.20 for items up to 100g, and a second-class stamp for the same weight is £1.55.

Advertisement

Parcel delivery prices vary based on size and weight, starting from £3.69 for small parcels.

Additional services include the “signed for” option, which requires a signature upon delivery and adds an extra level of security.

The cost for first class signed for is £3.05, and for second class signed for, it is £2.55.

The “special delivery” service guarantees next-day delivery by 1pm with compensation cover, with prices starting from £7.95.

Advertisement

Royal Mail periodically reviews and adjusts stamp prices, so it is advisable to check the latest rates on their official website or at your local post office.

Other Royal Mail changes

Royal Mail has urged the Government and Ofcom to review its obligations, arguing that it is no longer workable or cost-effective, given the decline in addressed letter post.

In its submission to Ofcom in April, it proposed ditching Saturday deliveries for second-class post and cutting the service to every other weekday.

Lindsey Fussell, Ofcom’s group director for networks and communications, said: “If we decide to propose changes to the universal service next year, we want to make sure we achieve the best outcome for consumers.

Advertisement

“So we’re now looking at whether we can get the universal service back on an even keel in a way that meets people’s needs.

“But this won’t be a free pass for Royal Mail – under any scenario, it must invest in its network, become more efficient and improve its service levels.”

Royal Mail owner International Distribution Services (IDS), which agreed to a £3.57billion takeover by Czech billionaire Daniel Kretinsky in May, said “change cannot come soon enough” to the UK’s postal service.

Royal Mail also ousted old-style stamps and replaced them with barcoded ones last July.

Advertisement

The business said the move would make letters more secure.

Anyone who still has these old-style stamps and uses them may have to pay a surcharge.

How stamp prices have risen over time

The cost of a book of stamps has risen gradually over the past few decades.

Advertisement

First-class stamps were worth 60p in the early 2010s and are now priced at £1.35.

Second-class stamps were also worth 50p in the early 2010s but now sell for 85p.

First-class stamps cost 95p at one point in 2023, before being hiked to £1.10 last April. They were then raised by 15p to £1.25 last October.

The latest hike on first-class stamps to £1.65 in October means they will have risen by a staggering 43% since just last year.

Advertisement

Source link

Continue Reading

Business

EU member states agree to impose tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles

Published

on

Stay informed with free updates

EU member states agreed to impose tariffs on imports of Chinese electric vehicles on Friday, marking the biggest trade dispute between the economic superpowers in a decade.

They backed a European Commission proposal for anti-subsidy tariffs of up to 35.3 per cent, on top of the existing 10 per cent, despite vocal opposition from Germany and Hungary.

Advertisement

According to two people briefed on the matter, 10 member states voted for the tariffs, five voted against and 12 abstained.

The EU tariffs will last for up to five years and range from 7.8 per cent for Tesla to 35.3 per cent for SAIC, which owns the MG brand.

China has already retaliated by threatening tariffs on EU brandy imports and opened investigations into pork and dairy products.

Since Brussels launched its investigation into the European EV market a year ago, Beijing has blasted Brussels for what it says is rising protectionism.

Advertisement

The commission has said its investigation was compliant with world trade rules and uncovered subsidies to carmakers and their suppliers. including cheap land and loans from Chinese banks.

China’s carmakers had offered to restrict sales and raise prices to avoid tariffs — concessions that were rejected by the EU. Brussels has said it would continue talks aimed at a negotiated settlement to curb the big rise in Chinese electric car imports.

This is a developing story.

Additional reporting by Guy Chazan in Berlin.

Advertisement

Source link

Continue Reading

Money

Wilson to step down as Picton chair

Published

on

Wilson to step down as Picton chair

After four years in the role at Picton, Wilson will become chair of FirstGroup at the start of February.

The post Wilson to step down as Picton chair appeared first on Property Week.

Source link

Continue Reading

Travel

Philippine Airlines inaugurates Seattle route

Published

on

Philippine Airlines inaugurates Seattle route

The flag carrier is deploying its Boeing 777-300ER aircraft on the flight from Manila

Continue reading Philippine Airlines inaugurates Seattle route at Business Traveller.

Source link

Advertisement
Continue Reading

Business

The Art of Uncertainty — the role chance and luck play in our lives

Published

on

Unlock the Editor’s Digest for free

Nothing is certain except death, taxes — and uncertainty. From the mundane (“what’s for breakfast?”) to the existential (“will AI replace humans?”), the human condition is inextricably bound to being unsure of what’s coming next. Uncertainty, David Spiegelhalter believes, “is all about us, but, like the air we breathe, it tends to remain unexamined”.

Taking a closer look has been Spiegelhalter’s stock in trade in a career spanning some five decades during which he has established himself as one of Britain’s most eminent statisticians. His 2019 book The Art of Statistics was a bestseller; during the Covid-19 pandemic, the Cambridge university emeritus professor of statistics acquired national treasure status as he helped an anxious nation interpret the data.

Advertisement

Another group of readers that might benefit is politicians who, Spiegelhalter writes, “find it extremely difficult to admit uncertainty” and “are even more challenged by admitting the provisionality of advice”.

Curiously, one word missing from the book’s full title is “probability”, and yet this is where our story begins. For at least 5,000 years, from Greece to Mongolia, humanity has fancied a flutter. Yet, despite millennia of people throwing objects and gambling on outcomes, it was only in 16th-century Renaissance Italy that probability — an “elusive phenomenon, incapable of direct observation and measurement” in Spiegelhalter’s words — came to be formalised as a discipline.

Around 1550 Gerolamo Cardano, who made, and lost, plenty of money gambling, distilled his accumulated wisdom into The Book on Games of Chance. In it he presented the first systematic computation of probabilities, listing all 36 basic outcomes with the roll of one die and another. While today my 11-year-old school students can replicate this, this was not obvious back then.

This is just one of Spiegelhalter’s delightfully instructive excursions into the past. Others include the story of how Casanova’s mathematical prowess led to an “extraordinarily successful French lottery” or how Halley (of comet fame) essentially invented the life insurance and annuity industry by observing ages of when people died.

Advertisement

More recently in 1961, President Kennedy was informed that the potential Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba had a “fair chance of success”. The chiefs of staff were sceptical about the invasion proposal and actually gave it a 30 per cent probability of success. However, the brigadier drafting the report for Kennedy translated this into a “fair chance”, by which he actually meant “not too good”. It never occurred to him that not using a numerical probability might lead to a misunderstanding.  

Disasters such as this illustrate the dangers of using words to express magnitude. The intelligence community has since learnt to be “more transparent about their degree of uncertainty”. A 2019 Nato technical report, magnificently titled Variants of Vague Verbiage, highlights how for UK intelligence, “likely” means 55 to 75 per cent whereas for Canada it is 70 to 80 per cent.

Book jacket for ‘The Art of Uncertainty’, featuring an illustration of an egg with two yolks on a turquoise background

Super-forecasting — predicting election outcomes, investment decisions or disease outbreaks — often involves statistical models trying to quantify both low probabilities and high impacts. At the onset of the financial crisis in 2007, David Viniar, a number cruncher from Goldman Sachs, observed that analysts “were seeing things that were 25-standard deviation events, several days in a row”. These are events with a probability of about one in 10 to the power of 135 (that is one followed by 135 zeros).

To give this context, the chance of winning the UK lottery jackpot is about one in 45mn. So an event with a probability of one in 10 to the power of 135 is similar to winning this jackpot seventeen times on the bounce. It doesn’t take sharing my experience as a trader at US investment bank Lehman Brothers at the time of 2008 bankruptcy to tell you that financial models were inadequate in modelling extremes.

As he guides us through his story, Spiegelhalter comes across as a warm, personable and knowledgeable uncle trying to equip us with the tools to deal with uncertainty. He effortlessly shifts from trivial issues like the probability of pulling matching socks out of a drawer to more serious questions about the risk of cancer. As a maths teacher, I understand why Spiegelhalter apologetically writes that it is “impossible to completely avoid technical material when discussing probability”. Though the maths is kept to a minimum, you can still understand the big picture even if you skim over these dense thickets.

Advertisement

Yet, like a powerful movie sequel that does not quite hit the same heights as the original, The Art of Uncertainty lacks some of the fresh punch of Spiegelhalter’s earlier bestseller, with which it is perhaps best paired. That said, it is a useful and persuasive account that gets us to recognise, understand and ultimately accept uncertainty.

Uncertainty means none of us should feel we have to speak with “absolute and unchanging conviction”. After all, as he notes, “each of us wouldn’t be here were it not for a chain of apparently fortuitous occurrences”. Constitutive luck is a property of the person we were born as: we have no control over our parents, backgrounds, country or era. However, as with gamblers, we can make the best of the hand we have been dealt with.

The Art of Uncertainty: How to Navigate Chance, Ignorance, Risk and Luck by David Spiegelhalter Pelican £22, 512 pages

Bobby Seagull is a school maths teacher and author of ‘The Life-Changing Magic of Numbers’

Advertisement

Join our online book group on Facebook at FT Books Café and subscribe to our podcast Life and Art wherever you listen

 

Source link

Advertisement
Continue Reading

Trending

Copyright © 2024 WordupNews.com