Generative AI famously consumes large amounts of energy due to the extensive computational power required for training models and processing tasks, and this is raising concerns about its contribution to environmental issues such as increased carbon emissions and resource depletion.
Sasha Luccioni, a prominent Canadian computer scientist and AI researcher known for her work on the environmental impact of artificial intelligence, recently discussed the topic at the ALL IN artificial intelligence conference in Montreal.
“I find it particularly disappointing that generative AI is used to search the Internet,” Luccioni told AFP on the sidelines of the conference, lamenting the energy costs of using AI for tasks that traditional search engines could perform.
Thoughtful, efficient use of AI
Unlike basic search engines that retrieve existing information, AI models generate new content, requiring significant computing power to train on billions of data points and respond to user requests. Google‘s AI Overview feature, for example, offers AI-generated snapshots that summarize key points from multiple sources in response to complex queries.
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“We are accelerating the climate crisis,” Luccioni warned, calling for more transparency from tech companies and urging governments to legislate more effectively once such transparency is achieved.
Recognized by Time in 2024 as one of the 100 most influential figures in AI, Luccioni helped create a tool called “CodeCarbon” in 2020, which enables developers to measure the carbon footprint of their code. This tool has been downloaded over a million times. She is now working on a certification system to label AI models based on their energy efficiency. Comparing the system to the US Environmental Protection Agency’s energy consumption ratings for appliances, she explained: “For a specific task, we can measure energy efficiency and say that this model has an A+, and that model has a D.”
While she might be perceived as anti-AI by some, Luccioni is keen to stress that her goal is to promote “energy sobriety” by encouraging users to make thoughtful, efficient use of AI technologies.
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Tech giants are increasingly eyeing nuclear reactors to power their energy-hungry data centers. Amazon and Microsoft each inked major deals this year with nuclear power plants in the US. And both Microsoft and Google have shown interest in next-generation small modular reactors that are still in development.
New AI data centers need a lot of electricity, which has taken companies further away from their climate goals as their carbon emissions grow. Nuclear reactors could potentially solve both of those problems. As a result, Big Tech is breathing new life into America’s aging fleet of nuclear reactors while also throwing its weight behind emerging nuclear technologies that have yet to prove themselves.
“Certainly, the prospects for this industry are brighter today than they were five and 10 years ago,” says Mark Morey, senior adviser for electricity analysis at the US Department of Energy’s Energy Information Administration.
“Certainly, the prospects for this industry are brighter today”
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Much of America’s aging nuclear fleet came online in the 1970s and 1980s. But the industry has faced pushback following high-profile accidents like Three Mile Island and the Fukushima disaster in Japan. Nuclear power plants are also expensive to build and generally less flexible than gas plants that now make up the biggest chunk of the US electricity mix. Gas-fired power plants can more quickly ramp up and down with the ebb and flow of electricity demand.
Nuclear power plants typically provide steady “baseload” power. And that makes it an attractive power source for data centers. Unlike manufacturing or other industries that operate during daytime business hours, data centers run around the clock.
“When people are sleeping and offices are shut and we’re not using as much [electricity], what matches nuclear energy very nicely with data centers is that they pretty much need power 24/7,” Morey says.
That consistency also sets nuclear apart from wind and solar power that wane with the weather or time of day. Over the past five years or so, many tech companies have accelerated climate goals, pledging to reach net zero carbon dioxide emissions.
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The added energy demand from new AI tools, however, has put those goals further out of reach in some cases. Microsoft, Google, and Amazon have all seen their greenhouse gas emissions climb in recent years. Getting electricity from nuclear reactors is one way companies can try to bring those carbon emissions down.
A feat that’s never been done before in the US
Microsoft signed an agreement to purchase power from shuttered Three Mile Island in September. “This agreement is a major milestone in Microsoft’s efforts to help decarbonize the grid in support of our commitment to become carbon negative,” Microsoft VP of energy Bobby Hollis said in a press release at the time.
The plan is to revive the plant by 2028, a feat that’s never been done before in the US. The plant “was prematurely shuttered due to poor economics” in 2019, according to Joe Dominguez, president and CEO of the company, Constellation, that owns the plant. But the outlook for nuclear energy now is rosier than it has been for years as companies look for carbon pollution-free sources of electricity.
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In March, Amazon Web Services purchased a data center campus powered by the adjacent Susquehanna Nuclear power plant in Pennsylvania. That $650 million deal secures electricity from the sixth largest nuclear facility in the US (out of 54 sites today).
Google is considering procuring nuclear energy for its data centers as part of its sustainability plans. “Obviously, the trajectory of AI investments has added to the scale of the task needed,” CEO Sundar Pichai said in an interview with Nikkei this week. “We are now looking at additional investments, be it solar, and evaluating technologies like small modular nuclear reactors, etc.”
He’s referring to next-generation reactors that are still in development and not expected to be ready to connect to the power grid until the 2030s at the earliest. The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission certified a design for an advanced small modular reactor for the first time last year. These advanced reactors are roughly one-tenth to one-quarter the size of their older predecessors; their size and modular design are supposed to make them easier and cheaper to build. They might also be more flexible than larger nuclear plants when it comes to adjusting how much electricity they produce to match changes in demand.
Bill Gates, for one, is all in on nuclear energy. He’s the founder and chair of TerraPower, a company developing small modular reactors. Last year, Microsoft put out a job listing for a principal program manager to lead the company’s nuclear energy strategy that would include small modular reactors.
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Bill Gates, for one, is all in on nuclear energy
“I’m a big believer that nuclear energy can help us solve the climate problem, which is very, very important,” Gates said in an interview with The Verge last month.
This week, the Department of Energy released a new report projecting that US nuclear capacity could triple by 2050. After flatlining for years, electricity demand is expected to rise in the US thanks to EVs, new data centers, crypto mining, and manufacturing facilities. That growing demand is changing the outlook for nuclear energy, according to the report. Just a couple years ago, utilities were shutting down nuclear reactors. Now, they’re extending reactors’ lifetimes by up to 80 years and planning to restart ones that have shuttered, it says.
“It is reasonable to think that the tech companies could catalyze a new wave of investment in nuclear, in the US and around the world. There has been plenty of talk about the idea in the industry,” Ed Crooks, Wood Mackenzie senior vice president, thought leadership executive for the Americas wrote in a blog post this week.
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This doesn’t necessarily mean that it’s all smooth sailing ahead for nuclear energy in the US. New reactor designs and plans to reopen shuttered nuclear power plants are still subject to regulatory approval. Initiatives to build both old-school power plants and new designs have faced soaring costs and delays. Amazon already faces opposition to its nuclear energy plans in Pennsylvania over concerns that it could wind up driving up electricity costs for other consumers. And the nuclear energy industry still faces pushback over the impact of uranium mining on nearby communities and concerns about where to store radioactive waste.
“It’s an interesting time, challenging in many ways,” Morey says. “We’ll see what happens.”
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It wasn’t long ago that I was sitting in the TechRadar office, talking the ear off of one of my colleagues about how book-style foldables like the Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 6 and Google Pixel 9 Pro Fold didn’t quite make sense to me.
I just couldn’t see the utility in a square, mid-sized display running a smartphone operating system – I had been an iPad user for almost a decade, and spending nearly half my life using large tablets had me convinced that nothing could best them for media consumption, reading, and light multitasking. News of the upcoming Huawei Mate XT – the world’s first tri-fold smartphone that expands to a 10-inch tablet – stoked this suspicion even further. But even as I saw my vision of the future unfold, my curiosity for conventional folding phones simmered.
The thing is, I hadn’t actually used a foldable for any more than fifteen minutes at a time, usually while passing through a busy Samsung store. I’d never really entertained the idea of walking out with a Z Fold of my own thanks to the starting price of $1,899 / £1,799 / AU$2,749, but was always impressed by the construction, design, and possibilities. Maybe – just maybe – my cynicism had emerged from unresolved curiosity.
When given the chance to test out a folding phone long-term, I felt this curiosity reignite. My first hour with the OnePlus Open was spent in a tech-fueled trance as I opened, then shut, then opened it again, completely enraptured by the engineering on display (both literally and figuratively). A few weeks later, and I’m happy to report that I was wrong to doubt folding phones – these things absolutely rock.
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More screen, less problems
The central conceit of the OnePlus Open can be described in two words: big screen. Placing two phones next to each other – as Samsung suggests with its Try Galaxy feature – gives some semblance of the Open’s 7.82-inch inner screen, but using one quickly reveals it to be more than just the sum of its parts.
Embedded videos in articles and other web pages become actually watchable when the device is unfolded, rather than something to note for later or just scroll past. The form factor makes multitasking realistic, with two apps side-by-side and a third in a floating window. You still won’t be doing complex work on a device like this, but cross-referencing web pages or watching a video in the background feels much more practical than gimmicky.
The inner screen on the OnePlus Open turns the smartphone into a bonafide option for media consumption, rather than a compromise. When passing through the airport on a recent trip away, I could unfold the phone to watch The Penguin at each point of stoppage before simply snapping it shut and into my pocket when things started moving again – I’d never have bothered with the smaller screen of a slab phone or unwieldy size of my 11-inch iPad Pro. The mini-tablet size means more room for decent speakers, too – the Open is rivalled only by the larger iPhones for the best smartphone speakers I’ve ever heard.
A larger screen means it’s easier to experience this stuff with friends, too. Injecting a smartphone into conversation can be a risk due to the awkwardness of asking someone to squint at a small screen – the Open makes showing a friend a photo or video clip much more enjoyable for all involved, doubly so when trying to share something across a table or across the room. The screen is just large enough to be inviting, and its hinge is a better conversation starter than any app or meme could possibly hope to be. Seeing people experience the fold for the first time still hasn’t gotten old.
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I think there’s also something to be said for the level of intent implied by passing someone a device they need to hold with both hands. In fact, I’ve found myself inspired by the Open to think about the way I use my phone. The cover screen remains useful for checking messages, quick Google searches, and taking photos, but even knowing the inner screen is waiting behind a half-second of effort makes me consider whether what I’m doing is worth throwing onto the big screen, and if not, whether I should put down the phone and get back to the real world.
A couple of compromises
There are, of course, some tradeoffs to using a folding phone. It’s generally accepted that battery life takes a hit, which is understandable if you’re driving the large inner screen more often than not. I found myself needing to charge midway through the day a few times with the OnePlus Open, but could make it through to the late evening most of the time. Additionally, phone makers tend to equip folding phones with objectively worse camera specs than their slab flagship counterparts. For what it’s worth, I found the Open’s camera setup to be very impressive, but photographers may be tempted by the snazzier specs and nimbler ergonomics of a traditional slab phone (see the Galaxy S24 Ultra or iPhone 16 Pro Max).
There are also a couple of issues that come with the territory of being foldable. I found a few apps – especially older games like Professor Layton or Plague Inc. – did not respond well to my folding or unfolding of the phone while they were running, and I even experienced some crashes on Instagram when using the Open unfolded. It’s up to app developers to optimize their apps for the foldable platform, but there’s little incentive for them to do so while foldable devices remain a very small niche. And even as someone with large hands, the Open is undeniably large and heavy – I sometimes felt it weighing on my wrist while using it one-handed, and the unique geometry isn’t always the most comfortable to hold.
Still, though, these feel like small prices to pay for access to a unique, adaptable, and gorgeous device. What surprised me about the OnePlus Open – and what I think probably sets it apart from some of its contemporaries – is just how good it is at being a regular phone. The 6.31-inch cover screen is not much narrower than my trusty old Huawei Mate 20 Pro and certainly feels a lot wider than the Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 6’s strip of a cover display. The Open’s front screen is a bright, high-resolution, high refresh rate panel and the Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Gen 2 chipset gives the Open reliably fast performance.
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Do you need a foldable?
The foldable experience is not one that’s built on necessity. There’s no real need to have Instagram take up six horizontal inches of screen space, to read articles with two hands, to see such a broad smorgasbord of apps in the app drawer – but it is nice.
Arguably, when it comes to modern ultra-premium smartphones, we’re past the point of thinking about necessity anyway. Are most users actually finding the bottlenecks in the iPhone 16 Pro’s A18 Pro chipset? Do shutterbugs reach for the Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra’s 100x zoom as often as they do the 1x wide lens? Is anyone so impatient as to need the Realme GT5 240W’s eponymous charging speed? So much of the joy that comes with improving phone hardware is in how much it improves the small stuff, the things we’ve been doing for years and will do for years to come, and having a mini-tablet display available at a literal flick of the wrist* improves day-to-day web browsing, social media, video, and music much more than I ever expected (*don’t actually open it like this).
We officially transitioned into Spooky Season this week and, between OpenAI’s $6.6 million funding round, Nvidia’s surprise LLM, and some privacy-invading Meta Smart Glasses, we saw a scary number of developments in the AI space. Here are five of the biggest announcements.
Sam Altman’s charmed existence continues apace with news this week that OpenAI has secured an additional $6.6 billion in investment as part of its most recent funding round. Existing investors like Microsoft and Khosla Ventures were joined by newcomers SoftBank and Nvidia. The AI company is now valued at a whopping $157 billion, making it one of the wealthiest private enterprises on Earth. And, should OpenAI’s proposed for-profit restructuring plan go through, that valuation would grant Altman more than $150 billion in equity, rocketing him onto the list of the top 10 richest people on the planet. Following the funding news, OpenAI rolled out Canvas, its take on Anthropic’s Artifacts collaborative feature
Nvidia is making the leap from AI hardware to AI software with this week’s release of LVNM 1.0, a truly open-source large language model that excels at a variety of vision and language tasks. The company claims that the new model family, led by the 72 billion-parameter LVNM-D-72B, can rival GPT-4o. However, Nvidia is positioning LVNM not as a direct competitor to other frontier-class LLMs, but as a platform on which other developers can create their own chatbots and applications.
Seems like being able to speak directly with your chatbot is the new must-have feature. Google announced this week that it is expanding Gemini Live to converse in nearly four dozen languages beyond English, starting with French, German, Portuguese, Hindi, and Spanish. Microsoft also revealed a similar feature for Copilot, dubbed Copilot Voice, that the company claims is “the most intuitive and natural way to brainstorm on the go.” They join ChatGPT’s Advanced Voice Mode and Meta’s Natural Voice Interactions in allowing users to talk with their phones, not just to them.
All the fighting over SB 1047, California’s Safe and Secure Innovation for Frontier Artificial Models Act, was for naught as Gov. Gavin Newsom vetoed the AI safety bill this week. In a letter to lawmakers, he argued that the bill focused myopically on the largest of language models and that “smaller, specialized models may emerge as equally or even more dangerous than the models targeted by SB 1047.”
A pair of Harvard computer science students managed to modify a pair of commercially available Meta smart glasses so they can identify and look up any person that walks into their field of vision, 404 Media reported this week. The glasses, part of the I-XRAY experiment, were designed to capture images of strangers on the street, run those images through PimEyes image recognition software to identify the subject, then use that basic information to search for their personal information (i.e., their phone number and home address) on commercial data brokerage sites.
“To use it, you just put the glasses on, and then as you walk by people, the glasses will detect when somebody’s face is in frame,” the pair explained in a video demo posted to X. “After a few seconds, their personal information pops up on your phone.” The privacy implications for such a system are terrifying. The duo have no intention to publicly release the source code, but now that they’ve shown it can be done, there is little to prevent others from reverse engineering it.
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Synthetic benchmarks have suggested the MediaTek Dimensity 9400 SoC outperforms Apple’s A18 Pro in a GPU benchmark. However, the multi-core chipset’s CPU cluster and GPU specifications weren’t known.
Reliable tipster Digital Chat Station (DCS) has posted the specifications of the Dimensity 9400 SoC on Chinese social media platform Weibo. DCS has mentioned the Dimensity 9400 will have one Cortex-X925 super-large core clocked at up to 3.626 GHz, three Cortex-X4 large cores, and four Cortex-A720 cores.
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According to GSMArena, MediaTek would have opted for Cortex-A725 CPU cores. ARM recently announced its newest Cortex-A725 design. Hence, it is highly likely that MediaTek would embed a newer and more advanced CPU core.
It is a little concerning to note that MediaTek has reportedly clocked the X4 and A720/A725 CPU cores exactly as they were in the Dimensity 9300 launched last year. Specifically speaking, the Cortex X4 CPU cores are clocked at 2.85 GHz, while the A720/A725 CPU cores are clocked at 2.0 GHz.
The MediaTek Dimensity 9400 SoC is packing an Immortalis-G925 MC12 GPU clocked at 1,612 MHz. Needless to say, this GPU puts the flagship Dimensity chipset on par with some desktop-grade CPUs. This was evident from the chipset recently scoring 3 million points in AnTuTu benchmarks, making it the first mobile chipset to do so.
Will the latest flagship MediaTek chipset beat Qualcomm’s Snapdragon 8 Gen 4?
For several years, MediaTek has been trailing Qualcomm. The Chinese company has been improving its products. However, so far the company hasn’t been able to beat Qualcomm’s flagship chipsets.
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The MediaTek Dimensity 9400 will challenge the Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Gen 4 SoC. But Qualcomm’s upcoming SoC has reportedly been tested at a frequency of 4.47GHz in the Galaxy S25 Ultra. If raw numbers are the deciding criteria, this year’s Qualcomm’s flagship chipset would still reign supreme, especially if MediaTek is using last year’s tech.
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