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Prison isn’t working for women, ministers say. Can it be fixed?

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Prison isn't working for women, ministers say. Can it be fixed?
BBC Montage image of handcuffs with one in the shape as the gender symbol for femalesBBC

There are more than 3,600 woman prisoners in England and Wales – a number the Ministry of Justice projects will rise to 4,200 by November 2027.

But Justice Secretary Shabana Mahmood believes “prison isn’t working” for women. She told the Labour Party conference that after serving a short custodial sentence, a woman is “significantly more likely” to reoffend than one given a non-custodial sentence.

Meanwhile prisons minister James Timpson has said he sees “lots of very ill women” on visits. This echoes research which found 82% of women prisoners reported they had some form of mental health problem, and data pointing to a rising number of self-harm incidents in women’s prisons.

The majority of imprisoned women have experienced domestic violence.

So what can be done? Two government-commissioned publications, the Corston Report (2007) and the Ministry of Justice’s Female Offender Strategy (2018) recommended that in some cases, instead of prison sentences, the use of women’s residential centres, which focus on trauma support and where children can sometimes stay, or community sentencing, would be more appropriate.

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The new Labour government has announced measures including a Women’s Justice Board to reduce imprisonment numbers. Under the Conservatives, a 2021 white paper outlined plans for mandatory staff training in women’s prisons to reduce self-harm and better support for pregnant women.

InDepth has spoken to people with experience of the criminal justice system to hear how they think it can be reformed for female offenders.

A red circle with a picture of April Smith, Criminology & Psychology, Portsmouth University

Most women are imprisoned for nonviolent, non-serious offences, and so they are not really a threat to public safety. They would benefit more from community alternatives.

Women with short-term sentences, six months or less, shouldn’t be in prison. In that time you’re not going to achieve any meaningful change or real engagement with rehabilitation. So it doesn’t serve a purposeful function for society or for women.

Over half of women prisoners go on to reoffend. Women are going straight back into the same environment, same circumstances, that they were in before going into prison – such as homelessness, or substance abuse.

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It is true that prison can offer structure when a lot of these women live very chaotic lives. There are also some good examples of prisons with programs that specifically deal with trauma. However, women’s centres are a better approach as they are more focused on addressing the causes of offending – for instance, underlying issues such as trauma.

There’s always a risk that the government might lean towards populist measures that lock more people up, but I think there is increasing public awareness about the need to do things differently because of the reoffending rates.

Unsurprisingly, the key challenge is funding and investment. There is a growing number of women’s centres but a lack of funding means that there aren’t enough of them.

A red circle with a picture of Scarlett Roberts, Churchill Fellow and former prisoner

I was in Eastwood Park Prison from March to July 2022 for perverting the course of justice. I was under the impression that prisons were supposed to be rehabilitative facilities that help nurture people back into society. But that’s simply not the case.

During my time in prison, we were locked in our cells for 23 hours a day, with little to no access to education. Prisoners were supposed to have maths and English lessons, but the prison was so under-resourced that prison officers would never open the door.

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We’d only have an hour outside our cells, and we would have to choose between having a shower, exercising, meeting other people, or being outdoors. One hour was simply not enough time to get anything meaningful done.

After leaving prison, I realised how broken the system is. A lot of the people going into prison were very young and many had grown up in care. They’ve been dispatched straight from the care system to the criminal justice system. While personal accountability for their choices is essential, I think it’s really important to start discussions on how we can better serve people before they end up in prison.

Preventative measures are important but I want to be clear – I don’t agree with abolishing prisons. Violent and dangerous offenders should be removed for the safety of wider society, for the sake of the victims and potentially for their own safety. But what we do to those people in prison needs to change.

A red circle with a picture of David Spencer, Policy Exchange and former Met Police DCI

Some women are violent, sexual or prolific offenders and should be in prison. The purpose of prison is fourfold – to punish, protect the public, deter crime and give the opportunity for rehabilitation.

Just 4% of people in prison are women and they are a very different population to the other 96% – they are less likely to be violent or prolific offenders. We do need more prison spaces, but those places should be filled with violent or prolific men, rather than women who are not.

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A female prison officer walks down the corridor of the communal area inside HM Prison Styal

An alternative to prisons like this one are women’s residential centres, which offer trauma support and allow mothers to stay with their children

We should also consider issues which apply to women. For example, pregnancy.

The criminal justice system is in an utterly shambolic state. A proposal for a series of residential women’s centres, which came from the Female Offender Strategy in 2018, has – with a couple of exceptions – barely got off the ground. We have the biggest Crown Court backlog on record. We know what helps reduce reoffending but we systematically fail to do it.

Partly this is funding, but also there is the ineffectiveness of community sentencing, and as part of that, drug rehabilitation, education and employment programs.

Locking up non-violent and non-prolific women is not the only solution. Key to deterring people from committing crime is catching more of them, doing it quicker, and potentially sentencing them to something other than prison if they’re not violent or prolific offenders.

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A red circle with a picture of Lucy Russell, Head of Policy and Public Affairs, Women in Prison

There must be a gender-specific approach to criminal justice, as women end up in prison because of things that are gender-specific in society.

If you’re only thinking about working with women at the point at which they’re sent to prison, you’re starting too late. The real solutions are earlier upstream, where change needs to happen.

Women are being sent to prison essentially as a punishment for being poor and falling into debt – they are the shock absorbers of poverty. Survivors of domestic abuse are criminalised.

They often experience horrendous mental health problems. The list just goes on. The system is completely broken.

Labour‘s Women’s Justice Board is welcome if it can really do something. In the long term, we want to stop women being criminalised for the discriminatory experiences they have.

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Any assumption that you can do rehabilitation or quality therapeutic work in prison is not true – they’re not safe or healing environments.

Prisons are terrifying. They completely remove your identity. Several women just in the last two weeks have told us entering prison was like entering a mental asylum from the 1800s – people screaming through the night, people banging their heads on the walls. It really is hellish.

Just because you have a gender lens, it doesn’t mean you don’t look at men. Having a gender lens means that you understand how disproportionately many women offenders are themselves victims.

A red circle with a picture of Bell Ribeiro-Addy, Labour MP for Clapham and Brixton Hill

Prisons are meant to be about rehabilitation, but now they’ve become purely about punishment. I understand that people want to see those who commit crimes pay the price, but a lot of women that are in prison are most likely victims of serious offences themselves.

There also needs to be special consideration for women that have children and better mental health support for them. You have a lot of women self-harming because of the conditions in prisons.

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There are a lot of societal issues that cause people to end up being in prison. People find themselves in poverty and do things that are questionable.

But it’s just not the case that everybody who does something awful ends up in prison. Black people are twice as likely to be arrested, remanded and sentenced than their white counterparts. If you’re more likely to first face criminal charges and custodial sentences, then you are most likely going to have to deal with the impact of prisons.

When I talk about issues that are happening with women when they’re in prison, I’m talking about women overall. But we can’t ignore the disparities that black women face when they face criminal charges.

A red circle with a picture of Kit Malthouse, Conservative MP for North West Hampshire and former Minister for Policing

The way we operate the probation system and the wider offender management system is frankly sloppy. We are not disciplined or rigorous enough in our expectations of offenders. These women have committed a crime. There are victims to whom we have a duty of care, and punishment as well as rehabilitation is important.

If we want to be a functioning liberal society, we have to be one that operates with a high level of trust. No matter how petty the crime, we must be strict. Otherwise we risk undermining the wider sense of trust.

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However, we need to think carefully about our approach to penal policy because we still have a early 20th Century, semi-Victorian attitude, whereas behavioural science and research on offending and rehabilitation has moved on quite significantly.

It’s also important to acknowledge the differences between male and female offenders. Men are generally more prone to violence and differences in general behavioural traits should be reflected in our approach.

While I believe there needs to be a penal element to the justice system, there are smarter ways of dealing with somebody than just shoving them in prison.

For example, there are a proportion of women who are in prison because they are perpetrating acquisitive crime to feed alcohol addiction. We can use sobriety tagging, which has been remarkably successful, to keep people sober and so not offending and out of prison, combined with unpaid work in the community as a better outcome for victims and perpetrators alike.

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A red circle with a picture of Bishop Rachel Treweek, C of E Bishop for HM Prisons

If the public knew who’s in prison, what it costs, what that’s doing in the long run, they would want change. Prison is not succeeding in bringing around transformational change through rehabilitative work.

Most women in prison are victims as well as offenders and in prison because of what they’ve experienced in their relationships.

Some need to be dealt with securely, but we need to address issues in the community in order to stop reoffending, as most are there for short sentences, and go back through the revolving door.

I never want to say “let’s just let women off”, but prison only sets up more layers of trauma. That there are still pregnant women in prison is unacceptable.

There are alternatives, such as women’s centres and community sentences. Problem-solving courts are being trialled, looking at how to reduce reoffending – we need more of that approach.

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So many reports just end up on ministers’ shelves. Even if you don’t care about the women, you probably do care about taxpayer money. What we’re doing makes no financial sense.

If we could get this right for women, we could bring in some of the same principles to the men’s estate.

Top photo credit: Getty

BBC InDepth is the new home on the website and app for the best analysis and expertise from our top journalists. Under a distinctive new brand, we’ll bring you fresh perspectives that challenge assumptions, and deep reporting on the biggest issues to help you make sense of a complex world. And we’ll be showcasing thought-provoking content from across BBC Sounds and iPlayer too. We’re starting small but thinking big, and we want to know what you think – you can send us your feedback by clicking on the button below.

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Northern seaside town nicknamed the ‘Lakeland Riviera’ thanks to its warm microclimate

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Grange-over-Sands had its heyday in the 19th century

THE charming seaside town of Grange-over-Sands has been attracting holidaymakers for 175 years.

Located on the north side of Morecambe Bay in Cumbria, Grange-over-Sands benefits from its own microclimate, making it slightly warmer than other nearby tourist destinations.

Grange-over-Sands had its heyday in the 19th century

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Grange-over-Sands had its heyday in the 19th centuryCredit: Alamy
The Ornamental Gardens is one of the town's top attractions

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The Ornamental Gardens is one of the town’s top attractionsCredit: Alamy

Grange-over-Sands has this microclimate to thank for its moniker as the “Lakeland Riviera”.

The seaside town was a fashionable seaside resort town in the 19th century thanks to its pleasant temperatures and the arrival of the railroad in the 1850s.

Steeped in charm with promenade walks, lush gardens and sweeping views over Morecambe Bay, Grange-over-Sands is an ideal autumn break for Brits.

One of the main attractions in the town is its Ornamental Gardens, which has been affectionately nicknamed the “Duck Pond” by locals.

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Constructed on an area of marshland that was cut off from the shore when the railway was built in the 1800s, the pond is fed by a stream that gives the pond a constant flow of water, meaning it never runs dry.

The pond also has a fountain and several paths and benches surround the pond.

Another popular attraction in the English town is the Promenade Walk – a level walkway along the edge of Morecambe Bay.

A playground is located on the southern end of the promenade equipped with swings, a slide and a climbing frame.

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Despite being set on the coast, Grange-over-Sands doesn’t technically have a beach.

However, it is home to a saltmarsh that’s part of nearby Morecambe Bay.

Discovering UK’s Most Picturesque Towns

Why does Grange-over-Sands have a microclimate?

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THE microclimate in Grange-over-Sands is milder and sunnier than the rest of the Lake District.

Grange-over-Sands has a microclimate because of its location on the edge of the Lake District and the coast.

Factors such as the Gulf Stream, the nearby mountains and its south-facing position also contribute to its slightly warmer temperatures.

There are plenty of other things to do just outside Grange-over-Sands like a visit to Holker Hall and Garden – an award-winning stately home with beautiful gardens, woodland walks and a deer park.

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Cartmel Village is known for its famous sticky toffee pudding and it’s also a short drive away from Grange-over-Sands.

Other neighbouring attractions include The Lakeland Motor Museum, Yewbarrow House Garden and Sizergh Castle and Garden.

For visitors who want to stay overnight there’s The Commodore Inn – a pub and restaurant with six en-suite rooms.

There are several restaurants in Grange-over-Sands like Thyme Out Coffee House & Restaurant, The Estuary Bistro and the Akhi indian restaurant.

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Grange-over-Sands is a 35-minute drive from Morecambe, and it’s a 26-minute drive from Kendal.

Direct trains operate from Grange-over-Sands to Manchester Airport and Lancaster.

While you’re there….

If you’re paying a visit to Grange-Over-Sands, it’s also worth checking out the charming town of Ambleside, which features England‘s best restaurant – The Old Stamp House.

At the AA‘s 2023 Hospitality Awards, the Lake District dining room was named England’s Restaurant of the Year and got a 3 Rosette Award for Culinary Excellence.

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Ambleside’s dining options may be fancy, but its outdoors are rugged and adventurous.

Included in that are the two waterfalls, Stock Ghyll Force and Rydal Falls.

The former is just a short walk from the town centre, where it drops 70ft into a plunge pool before continuing on its journey downstream into Lake Windermere.

The lake is the largest in England and is surrounded by mountain peaks and villages, with Ambleside sitting to the north.

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For those who aren’t so keen on getting wet, the likes of Wray Castle offer dry options.

The National Trust-owned gothic revival castle sits on the shores of Lake Windermere and has turrets, towers, informal grounds and miles of lakeshore paths.

The Trust say it offers church-like interiors and panoramic Lake District views. 

It also played an important part in UK literary history, as it’s where Beatrix Potter holidayed in the Lakes for the first time as a child.

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Three little-known attractions to visit in the Lake District

HERE are three little-known places to visit in the Lake District.

Rydal Cave
Located near Rydal Water, this man-made cavern was originally a quarry. However, it’s now a serene and somewhat mystical place to explore. The cave is large enough to walk into and features a small pond inside, adding to its enchanting atmosphere.

St. Catherine’s Church, Boot
Nestled in the picturesque Eskdale Valley, St. Catherine’s Church is a charming, isolated, church with a peaceful riverside setting.

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Muncaster Castle Gardens and Hawk & Owl Centre
While Muncaster Castle itself is relatively well-known, the extensive gardens and the Hawk & Owl Centre often don’t get the attention they deserve. The gardens cover 77 acres and feature a range of beautiful plants, including rhododendrons and azaleas. The Hawk & Owl Centre offers daily flying displays and the opportunity to learn about various birds of prey in a stunning setting.

A UK city has recently been praised for having the friendliest people in the country.

And an amazing train route offers some of the best views in the UK.

Grange-over-Sands is located in Cumbria

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Grange-over-Sands is located in CumbriaCredit: Alamy

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Vanguard strategist on saving for retirement and spending when you get there

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Vanguard strategist on saving for retirement and spending when you get there

Beach bonfires, sunrise sound-bath meditation, and yoga sessions mixed with high-level financial discussions on everything from bitcoin to bonds: That’s the Future Proof Festival, which took place last month in Huntington Beach, Calif.

More than 4,000 wealth advisers and vendors from across the country came to talk about investment strategies, learn about buzzy fintech, and scarf down tacos and ice cream while singing along with Third Eye Blind and the X Ambassadors.

One afternoon I popped into the Vanguard Investments tent to sit down with Colleen Jaconetti, a senior investment strategist for Retirement Solutions at Vanguard. Jaconetti’s focus for the past two decades has been financial planning and digging into the balance between spending on immediate needs and saving for the future.

Here’s what Jaconetti had to say, edited for length and clarity:

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Kerry Hannon: You’re known for your behavioral coaching. What is a key driver to saving for retirement?

Colleen Jaconetti: The most important thing is recognizing that if you want to have enough to live on in retirement, you have to start saving early and have a portfolio with low costs.

For a lot of the young people, it’s hard to take money out of their current paycheck for retirement. They’re focused on paying their bills right now. The discipline and the understanding that foregoing something in your early years can pay huge dividends is hard to get your hands around. That discipline helps you hold steady when markets get shaky, which is a key to long-term investment success.

Some of it is just people’s personality. I have one nephew who likes to spend his money as soon as it’s in his hands. It’s his natural inclination. He’s very generous. I’m not criticizing people who spend more. They want to enjoy their life. But it’s harder to get someone like that to understand the value of savings.

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Then the second part is education. While you really want to spend now, if you understand that if you save it now that means you can maybe retire three years earlier. That makes it a more tangible thing for younger people.

It helps to understand the trade-offs of small sacrifices. You need to see where in your budget you can consider trimming.

Read more: Retirement planning: A step-by-step guide

What advice would you give a young person just starting to save for retirement?

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Set enough aside in your employer-provided retirement plan to at least get the employer match. Many employers contribute anywhere from 50 cents to $1 for every $1 an employee contributes, up to 3% or 4% of their salary. Ideally, workers should aim to save 15% of their pre-tax income each year, including any match. Giving up the employer match would be a huge disservice to yourself.

Did you have an issue with saving when you were starting out?

No, but I remember exactly how much I made every other week when I started as a senior auditor at Ernst & Young in 1994. I was paying for my apartment and insurance all for the first time, and I was like, wait, where is my money going?

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Once you are aware of where all your money goes, you realize that a little bit over here in retirement savings actually will make a huge difference later.

Vanguard has been at the forefront of the movement to help people roll over their 401 (k) savings to an IRA and not cash out when they change jobs — a mistake I made as a 30-year-old. Can you elaborate on that issue?

People say, ‘oh, it’s not that much money, so it’s okay if I just take the cash now because I want to buy a house.’ But you can’t put that money back, and you’re giving up that tax-deferred investment and the compounding for two decades or more, and that’s a lot. When you show people what it would be worth in the future, they usually say, ‘oh wow, I didn’t realize that that amount today would accumulate to be so much down the road.’

If you’re not in retirement yet, but you’re edging up to it, what should you be doing?

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This is the time to put together the big picture of what you want to do, and then how much do you need, and what’s the best way to minimize taxes.

The biggest thing is what do you envision doing in retirement? Some people want to be gardening and reading books, and some people are going to be taking two or three trips a year.

It’s figuring out how much do you need to retire and live the life that you want to live. How much Social Security will you get? Can you afford to delay receiving your benefit? Then you need to consider whether you should spend from your taxable or tax-free accounts.

colleen

Colleen Jaconetti, a senior investment strategist for Retirement Solutions at Vanguard. (Photo courtesy of Vanguard) (Vanguard)

Let’s talk about the angst people have about spending in retirement.

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A lot of people get to retirement with a number in mind. I need a million dollars to retire. Whatever it is, they decide to have a number.

Then when they have that, they don’t want to spend from their principal in retirement. So they’re going into retirement with a broadly diversified, low-cost portfolio. They’re all set and then when they look at current yields, all of a sudden, they don’t want to spend their principal.

So they overweight their portfolio in dividend-paying stocks and high-yield bonds to get the income that they desire. But what they don’t realize is that you could actually be putting the principal value at risk more than if you just spend from it.

When you think about spending in retirement, don’t be so narrowly focused on preserving principal that you forgo diversification.

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Have a question about retirement? Personal finances? Anything career-related? Click here to drop Kerry Hannon a note.

What’s a spending solution that can ease people’s concerns about running out of money?

Dynamic spending. It’s responsive to annual market performance but the year-over-year spending amount is kept within a set range to provide a level of stability.

For many retirees, our dynamic strategy offers the best of both worlds. It’s responsive to market changes without causing significant fluctuations in annual spending.

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This strategy allows them to set controlled maximum (ceiling) and minimum (floor) spending limits. Retirees can spend more when markets perform well or cut spending when they don’t — within limits.

Say a retiree starts with $1 million in a 60% US stocks, 40% US bonds portfolio. You’d start with $40,000 a year in income with a 4% initial withdrawal rate as the basis for comparison and an expected 30-year retirement.

Dynamic spending allows retirees to receive more, say 5%, or $42,000 in income. In practical terms, this could translate to enjoying a higher quality of life, however they define it: more travel, greater ability to donate, or perhaps having greater means to help family members financially.

If there’s a period of prolonged underperformance — especially early in retirement — year-over-year real spending could decline each year. In other words, real spending could drop to $39,000 in year one, $38,200 in year two … down to say $35,000 in year five.

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Having the flexibility to make small spending decreases in down markets, and the desire to spend more in a positive market is a compelling strategy for many retirees.

Take a short survey and get matched with a vetted financial adviser.

Take a short survey and get matched with a vetted financial adviser.

Kerry Hannon is a Senior Columnist at Yahoo Finance. She is a career and retirement strategist, and the author of 14 books, including “In Control at 50+: How to Succeed in The New World of Work” and “Never Too Old To Get Rich.” Follow her on X @kerryhannon.

Click here for the latest personal finance news to help you with investing, paying off debt, buying a home, retirement, and more

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Four design-led destinations to inspire autumn getaways

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Check into every era, from South Carolina to Namibia

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Bargain supermarket with over 300 branches closes store for GOOD today – with shoppers left disappointed

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Bargain supermarket with over 300 branches closes store for GOOD today - with shoppers left disappointed

A BARGAIN supermarket has closed its doors for good, as residents mourn the loss to their local highstreet.

The branch is part of a major chain with more than 300 stores across the nation.

Supermarket chain Farmfoods has closed a branch in south London

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Supermarket chain Farmfoods has closed a branch in south LondonCredit: Getty
The Sutton branch closed its doors on October 5

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The Sutton branch closed its doors on October 5Credit: Getty

Farmfoods sells frozen food and fresh groceries at bargain prices.

The closure of the Sutton branch in south London was announced last month, with the supermarket finally shutting up shop yesterday (October 5).

It was prompted by the landlord’s decision to redevelop the site, according to MyLondon.

After news broke of the closure, locals took to a residents’ Facebook group to voice their disappointment.

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One wrote: “That’s really sad, I love Farmfoods, soon there shall be no shops left in Sutton.”

Another praised the branch, saying it was a “useful shop, especially in COVID times”.

Others were unhappy about yet another loss to Sutton highstreet.

One said: “Sutton could end up a dormitory town as Crawley was, no services, or many shops in town, but plenty of places to live and good transport to get to and from it.”

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Another echoed: “Another one gone.”

A third wrote :”There will be nothing left except for flats. No shops anywhere.”

Proud mum nabs a freezer full of food for just £12, but trolls say it’s ‘rubbish’ they ‘wouldn’t feed to their dogs’

However, the chain does have plans to reopen the site at some point in the future, according to a spokesperson.

Property Director Alistair Kay said: “The closure is due to our landlord intending to redevelop the land the building sits on. No other Farmfoods shops are affected.

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“We’re grateful to all our customers for their loyalty shopping with us at the site over the years and will continue to look for suitable opportunities to reopen in Sutton in future.”

Before the closure, the supermarket launched a huge closing down sale – with 50% off all stock.

Why are retailers closing stores?

RETAILERS have been feeling the squeeze since the pandemic, while shoppers are cutting back on spending due to the soaring cost of living crisis.

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High energy costs and a move to shopping online after the pandemic are also taking a toll, and many high street shops have struggled to keep going.

The high street has seen a whole raft of closures over the past year, and more are coming.

The number of jobs lost in British retail dropped last year, but 120,000 people still lost their employment, figures have suggested.

Figures from the Centre for Retail Research revealed that 10,494 shops closed for the last time during 2023, and 119,405 jobs were lost in the sector.

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It was fewer shops than had been lost for several years, and a reduction from 151,641 jobs lost in 2022.

The centre’s director, Professor Joshua Bamfield, said the improvement is “less bad” than good.

Although there were some big-name losses from the high street, including Wilko, many large companies had already gone bust before 2022, the centre said, such as Topshop owner Arcadia, Jessops and Debenhams.

“The cost-of-living crisis, inflation and increases in interest rates have led many consumers to tighten their belts, reducing retail spend,” Prof Bamfield said.

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“Retailers themselves have suffered increasing energy and occupancy costs, staff shortages and falling demand that have made rebuilding profits after extensive store closures during the pandemic exceptionally difficult.”

Alongside Wilko, which employed around 12,000 people when it collapsed, 2023’s biggest failures included Paperchase, Cath Kidston, Planet Organic and Tile Giant.

The Centre for Retail Research said most stores were closed because companies were trying to reorganise and cut costs rather than the business failing.

However, experts have warned there will likely be more failures this year as consumers keep their belts tight and borrowing costs soar for businesses.

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The Body Shop and Ted Baker are the biggest names to have already collapsed into administration this year.

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Four Lives Lost and Over 30 Injured in Recent Russian Strikes on Ukraine

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Four Lives Lost and Over 30 Injured in Recent Russian Strikes on Ukraine

Deadly Consequences

The attacks had deadly consequences in other regions. In Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, two individuals — a 50-year-old woman and a 56-year-old man — sustained injuries due to rocket strikes in the Synelnykove district, damaging several houses and vehicles.

Donetsk Oblast faced its own tragedies, with two fatalities and eight injuries reported. Specific incidents included a deadly attack in Velyka Novosilka and another in the town of Toretsk.

In Kharkiv Oblast, a 49-year-old man died when a Russian drone struck his car, while an 87-year-old man was injured in a subsequent airstrike in the same area.

In Kherson Oblast, a 55-year-old man was killed, with 15 others injured across the region. Additionally, the southern city of Odesa was targeted, resulting in injuries and damage to civilian infrastructure.

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While Cherkasy, Chernihiv, Kirovohrad, Poltava, Vinnytsia, Khmelnytskyi, Luhansk, Mykolaiv, Zaporizhzhia, and Zhytomyr oblasts also faced attacks, no casualties were reported there.

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Haiti seeks ‘urgent’ reinforcement of Kenya-led force to fight gangs

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A drastic increase in funding and personnel for a Kenyan-led international mission is needed to wrest control of much of Haiti’s capital from the violent grip of gangs, the Caribbean nation’s acting prime minister has said.

“It’s a two-pronged issue, not enough people [and] insufficient equipment of our police forces and the structures in Haiti,” Garry Conille, the country’s interim leader, told the Financial Times.

“As we attack one major neighbourhood, gangs then spread out and attack us in other places, so our police chief has to make a very difficult decision of redeploying his assets,” said Conille, a former UN development worker.

“You can understand why four months into this, we’re not yet finished with one neighbourhood.”

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Conille’s call for increased funding was given added urgency by a massacre on Thursday in Pont-Sondé, a town 100km north of the capital, which left at least 70 people dead and displaced more than 6,200, according to the UN.

The attack was carried out by the Gran Grif gang, which swept through the town in the country’s rice-growing heartland, firing at residents with automatic rifles. It is the worst massacre in Haiti since at least 2018, when 71 people were killed by gangs in a slum in Port-au-Prince, the capital.

The UN’s Human Rights Office on Friday called for “increased international financial and logistical assistance” to the Kenyan-led mission after the “horrifying” attack.

Several nations have pledged in recent weeks to send police officers to Haiti to build up the faltering UN-backed mission.

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Visiting Port-au-Prince last month, Kenya’s President William Ruto pledged to augment the country’s existing 400-strong contingent with another 600 officers. Reinforcements from Jamaica and Belize have arrived, while Guatemala has promised to send 150 officers.

When the UN approved the mission a year ago, the force was expected to total about 2,500 officers from nations including Bangladesh, Barbados and Chad, providing a significant boost to Haiti’s outmatched police.

But progress has been slow since Kenyan officers first arrived in June.

They secured the country’s main airport but have done little to beat back some 200 gangs that are estimated to control about 80 per cent of Port-au-Prince.

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“Every house is transformed into a trap, and you have the gangs putting holes in walls and shooting from these tight holes,” Conille said.

“It’s really a house-to-house operation for the police with high-risk engagement. And then once you finish this engagement, you need to consolidate, which means that you need to bring in the state very quickly.”

Kenyan police forces patrol a neighbourhood in Port-au-Prince in September
Kenyan police forces patrol a neighbourhood in Port-au-Prince in September © Ralph Tedy Erol/Reuters

Haitians are becoming exasperated with the mission’s slow progress, even as joint operations between international and Haitian police intensify in neighbourhoods under gang control.

“People are angry because they expected more, and they are starting to lose hope,” said Dimitry St Juste, who abandoned a small bar he ran in Port-au-Prince’s violent Solino neighbourhood, and is now living nearby.

“The situation is very bad, people are dying, and houses are burnt down,” said Mélissa Joseph, a Haitian police officer in Solino.

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Unable to stem a wave of violence which has displaced about 600,000 people, the government of Ariel Henry collapsed in April and was replaced by a transitional presidential council — led by Conille — tasked with convening Haiti’s first elections since 2016.

The council’s legitimacy was challenged this week when investigators accused three members of corruption.

But the security crisis, which has deepened since President Jovenel Moïse was assassinated in 2021, remains a major hurdle for a vote scheduled to be held next year.

According to Conille, up to 80 per cent of the country’s 7,000-strong force have administrative or other functions, highlighting the migration of some frontline officers and budget restrictions that limit operational roles, while gangs have increasingly cultivated connections with transnational criminal groups.

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Map showing a detailed view of part of Haiti, focusing on Port-au-Prince and its neighboring regions

Conille said funding was the mission’s biggest problem.

The US, which has declined to send personnel but remains the mission’s main financial backer, has contributed $300mn in equipment and support to the mission — including armoured vehicles, communications equipment and the construction of an operating base in Port-au-Prince.

It is estimated the force’s operating costs will total $600mn a year. The UN has only received pledges worth $85mn for the Kenyan-led mission.

The UN Security Council renewed the current force’s mandate on Monday.

A US proposal to upgrade the force to a peacekeeping operation, enabling it to be financed through designated UN funds rather than voluntary contributions, appears unlikely to win support from veto-wielding Russia and China.

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The two allies abstained from the vote that established the current mission.

A senior US official said: “The fact that we are pushing for a peacekeeping operation is a clear signal that we want to make the gains that the [international mission] has been able to achieve in its relatively short time on the ground, durable and sustainable.”

Conille said a peacekeeping force “would add value” but as chaos continues to engulf the country it should not be considered “in lieu of the urgent need to reinforce the mission now”.

People wait for a food distribution in a displaced persons camp at the Lycée Marie Jeanne school in Port-au-Prince on October 2
The World Food Programme estimates almost half of the country’s 11mn population faces acute food shortages © larens Siffroy/AFP/Getty Images

Land access to the capital’s port was closed last week during a spate of attacks, while gangs are expanding beyond the city.

In August, violent gangs retook Ganthier, a town east of Port-au-Prince, after Kenyan and Haitian officers retreated, and have expanded their presence north-west to Cabaret and Arcahaie.

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Police fired tear gas at protests that broke out in August in Solino, which is prized by gangs for its strategic location on the road to the airport, and is a stronghold of Jimmy Cherizier, a notorious warlord known as Barbecue.

Joseph, the officer, has not taken part in joint operations with the Kenyans and expressed frustration about their effectiveness.

“The Kenyans and the Haitian police use armoured vehicles, but they continually break down,” Joseph said. “They need more weapons and a lot of ammunition.”

William O’Neill, the UN’s expert on human rights in Haiti, last month said the “humanitarian consequences [of gang violence] are dramatic”, with marauding gangs continuing to receive weapons smuggled from the US despite an international arms embargo.

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The World Food Programme estimates almost half of the country’s 11mn population faces acute food shortages.

“The world has a lot of other priorities,” Conille said. “But the case we’re desperately trying to make is that Haitian children are not less deserving than children in Ukraine or Gaza.”

Additional reporting by Andres Schipani in New York

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