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Living In The (LLM) Past

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In the early days of AI, a common example program was the hexapawn game. This extremely simplified version of a chess program learned to play with your help. When the computer made a bad move, you’d punish it. However, people quickly realized they could punish good moves to ensure they always won against the computer. Large language models (LLMs) seem to know “everything,” but everything is whatever happens to be on the Internet, seahorse emojis and all. That got [Hayk Grigorian] thinking, so he built TimeCapsule LLM to have AI with only historical data.

Sure, you could tell a modern chatbot to pretend it was in, say, 1875 London and answer accordingly. However, you have to remember that chatbots are statistical in nature, so they could easily slip in modern knowledge. Since TimeCapsule only knows data from 1875 and earlier, it will be happy to tell you that travel to the moon is impossible, for example. If you ask a traditional LLM to roleplay, it will often hint at things you know to be true, but would not have been known by anyone of that particular time period.

Chatting with ChatGPT and telling it that it was a person living in Glasgow in 1200 limited its knowledge somewhat. Yet it was also able to hint about North America and the existence of the atom. Granted, the Norse apparently found North America around the year 1000, and Democritus wrote about indivisible matter in the fifth century. But that knowledge would not have been widespread among common people in the year 1200. Training on period texts would surely give a better representation of a historical person.

The model uses texts from 1800 to 1875 published in London. In total, there is about 90 GB of text files in the training corpus. Is this practical? There is academic interest in recreating period-accurate models to study history. Some also see it as a way to track both biases of the period and contrast them with biases found in data today. Of course, unlike the Internet, surviving documents from the 1800s are less likely to have trivialities in them, so it isn’t clear just how accurate a model like this would be for that sort of purpose.

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Instead of reading the news, LLMs can write it. Just remember that the statistical nature of LLMs makes them easy to manipulate during training, too.


Featured Art: Royal Courts of Justice in London about 1870, Public Domain

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What AI builders can learn from fraud models that run in 300 milliseconds

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Fraud protection is a race against scale. 

For instance, Mastercard’s network processes roughly 160 billion transactions a year, and experiences surges of 70,000 transactions a second during peak periods (like the December holiday rush). Finding the fraudulent purchases among those — without chasing false alarms — is an incredible task, which is why fraudsters have been able to game the system. 

But now, sophisticated AI models can probe down to individual transactions, pinpointing the ones that seem suspicious — in milliseconds’ time. This is the heart of Mastercard’s flagship fraud platform, Decision Intelligence Pro (DI Pro). 

“DI Pro is specifically looking at each transaction and the risk associated with it,” Johan Gerber, Mastercard’s EVP of security solutions, said in a recent VB Beyond the Pilot podcast. “The fundamental problem we’re trying to solve here is assessing in real time.”

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How DI Pro works

Mastercard’s DI Pro was built for latency and speed. From the moment a consumer taps a card or clicks “buy,” that transaction flows through Mastercard’s orchestration layer, back onto the network, and then on to the issuing bank. Typically, this occurs in less than 300 milliseconds. 

Ultimately, the bank makes the approve-or-decline decision, but the quality of that decision depends on Mastercard’s ability to deliver a precise, contextualized risk score based on whether the transaction could be fraudulent. Complicating this whole process is the fact that they’re not looking for anomalies, per se; they’re looking for transactions that, by design, are similar to consumer behavior. 

At the core of DI Pro is a recurrent neural network (RNN) that Mastercard refers to as an “inverse recommender” architecture. This treats fraud detection as a recommendation problem; the RNN performs a pattern completion exercise to identify how merchants relate to one another. 

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As Gerber explained: “Here’s where they’ve been before, here’s where they are right now. Does this make sense for them? Would we have recommended this merchant to them?” 

Chris Merz, SVP of data science at MasterCard, explained that the fraud problem can be broken down into two sub components: A user’s pattern behavior and a fraudster’s pattern behavior. “And we’re trying to tease those two things out,” he said. 

Another “neat technique,” he said, is how Mastercard approaches data sovereignty, or when data is subject to the laws and governance structures in the region where it is collected, processed, or stored. To keep data “on soil,” the company’s fraud team relies on aggregated, “completely anonymized” data that is not sensitive to any privacy concerns and thus can be shared with models globally. 

“So you still can have the global patterns influencing every local decision,” said Gerber. “We take a year’s worth of knowledge and squeeze it into a single transaction in 50 milliseconds to say yes or no, this is good or this is bad.”

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Scamming the scammers

While AI is helping financial companies like Mastercard, it’s helping fraudsters, too; now, they’re able to rapidly develop new techniques and identify new avenues to exploit.  

Mastercard is fighting back by engaging cyber criminals on their turf. One way they’re doing so is by using “honeypots,” or artificial environments meant to essentially “trap” cyber criminals. When threat actors think they’ve got a legitimate mark, AI agents engage with them in the hopes of accessing mule accounts used to funnel money. That becomes “extremely powerful,” Gerber said, because defenders can apply graph techniques to determine how and where mule accounts are connected to legitimate accounts. 

Because in the end, to get their payout, scammers need a legitimate account somewhere, linked to mule accounts, even if it’s cloaked 10 layers down. When defenders can identify these, they can map global fraud networks.

“It’s a wonderful thing when we take the fight to them, because they cause us enough pain as it is,” Gerber said. 

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Listen to the podcast to learn more about: 

  • How Mastercard created a “malware sandbox” with Recorded Future; 

  • Why a data science engineering requirements document (DSERD) was essential to align four separate engineering teams;

  • The importance of “relentless prioritization” and tough decision-making to move beyond “a thousand flowers blooming” to projects that actually have a strong business impact;

  • Why successful AI deployment should incorporate three phases: ideation, activation, and implementation — but many enterprises skip the second step. 

Listen and subscribe to Beyond the Pilot on Spotify, Apple or wherever you get your podcasts.

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Want full Discord perks? Prepare to prove you’re an adult

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If you’re used to hopping between gaming servers, sharing memes, or catching up with friends on Discord, be ready for a small twist in how the platform works. Starting March 2026, Discord will introduce a global age verification system that automatically places every user into a “teen-appropriate experience” until they prove they’re an adult. To fully unlock age-restricted content and certain features, users will need to verify their age via face-based AI estimation or a government-issued ID.

According to Discord’s official announcement, this change is part of a broader safety push to control access to adult or graphic material and comply with international safety expectations. But before you panic that Discord is turning into a DMV, it’s worth noting what changes and what stays the same, if you don’t verify right away.

What works and what doesn’t without age verification

Under Discord’s upcoming teen-by-default setup, everyday features won’t suddenly vanish. Users can still send messages, chat in most regular servers and DMs, hop into voice calls with friends, and hang out in their usual gaming communities just like before.

However, anything marked as adult or age-restricted will stay locked behind a verification wall. That includes access to certain servers and channels, speaking privileges in Stage channels, and viewing unfiltered or sensitive content, which will remain blurred by default. Some message request controls and notification customizations may also stay limited until age verification is completed, meaning full access only unlocks once you confirm you’re old enough.

Discord knows this move isn’t going to earn universal applause. Any time an app asks for a face scan or ID, a few users are bound to hit the exit button instead. Still, the company says the bigger picture is safety first, aiming to set a more secure, teen-friendly default for everyone rather than letting the wild west stay wild.

The good news is your everyday Discord life isn’t getting kicked from the party. DMs, regular servers, and voice chats with the squad will keep humming along. But if you want the full, no-filters version of Discord, complete with adult servers, spicy memes, and every corner of your late-night gaming hangouts, you’ll have to show you’re old enough to enter. Think of it less like a ban and more like a digital bouncer asking for ID at the door.

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Sony’s best wireless buds are getting a refresh imminently

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Sony has all but confirmed what the leaks have been hinting at for months: a new pair of flagship earbuds is on the way.

The company has released a short teaser video for the WF-1000XM6, confirming that its next-generation wireless buds are “coming soon”. In addition, a full reveal is set for February 12 at 8am PT.

While the teaser doesn’t give much away on paper, it does make it clear that Sony is getting ready to refresh one of the most respected noise-cancelling earbud lines around. The WF-1000X series has long sat at the top of Sony’s audio lineup. Now, the XM6 looks set to continue that run.

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The video itself only briefly shows the earbuds in shadow, but by this point the design isn’t exactly a mystery. Full renders have already leaked, suggesting a refined look rather than a dramatic redesign. Expect a similar premium feel, with subtle tweaks aimed at comfort and wearability rather than a radical change in direction.

As ever, active noise cancellation is expected to be the headline feature. Sony’s ANC performance has consistently ranked among the best in the business, and there’s little reason to think the WF-1000XM6 will be any different. While Sony hasn’t confirmed specific specs yet, improved processing and smarter noise handling feel like safe bets for a generational update.

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Colour options are also starting to come into focus. Alongside the usual Black and Platinum Silver, leaks suggest Sony may introduce a new Sandpink finish. This would add a softer, more lifestyle-friendly option to the lineup.

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Sony hasn’t said whether February 12 will be a straight reveal or a full launch, but either way, the wait won’t be long. With the WF-1000XM5 already regarded as one of the best pairs of wireless earbuds you can buy, expectations for the XM6 are understandably high.

If Sony sticks the landing, this could be one of the more important audio upgrades of the year. Additionally, it would be a clear signal that the premium earbud arms race isn’t slowing down anytime soon.

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YouTube TV’s new bundles are here to help you lower your streaming bill

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YouTube TV announced plans to introduce new genre-specific bundles last year to give users the flexibility to pick and pay for the content they actually want to watch. Four of these bundles are now live in the US, with the platform planning to roll out over ten bundles across Sports, News, Entertainment, and Family content in the coming weeks.

YouTube TV announced the rollout in a recent blog post, highlighting the content included in the introductory bundles and their pricing. The base Sports plan, priced at $64.99/month, will give subscribers access to all major broadcasters, alongside sports networks like FS1, NBC Sports Network, and all of ESPN networks. Subscribers ill also gain access to ESPN Unlimited this fall.

The Sports + News plan includes everything from the Sports plan, along with national news networks such as CNBC, Fox News, MSNBC, CNN, CSPAN, Bloomberg, and Fox Business. It’s priced at $71.99/month. The Entertainment plan, which is the most affordable of the four, costs $54.99/month and includes all major broadcasters and content, “ranging from FX dramas to Hallmark classics, with channels such as Comedy Central, Bravo, Paramount, Food Network, HGTV, and many more.”

Finally, the News + Entertainment + Family plan, priced at $69.99/month, combines news and entertainment channels with family content like Disney Channel, Nickelodeon, National Geographic, Cartoon Network, PBS Kids and more.

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YouTube TV bundles offer big savings, especially for new subscribers

All four bundles is priced lower than the main YouTube TV plan, the platform’s most comprehensive offering with over 100 networks across genres. For those who haven’t previously subscribed to YouTube TV, the bundles are available at a discount.

The Sports plan is available for $54.99 per month for the first year, while the Sports + News, Entertainment, and News + Entertainment + Family plans are priced at $56.99, $44.99, and $59.99/month, respectively, for the first three months.

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Microsoft starts the countdown for the end of Exchange Web Services

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  • EWS doesn’t deliver security, scale and reliability to today’s standards
  • It will be shut down for cloud environments from April 2027
  • ‘Scream tests’ will help show any dependencies

Microsoft has confirmed it will be phasing out Exchange Web Services (EWS) for Microsoft 365 and Exchange Online after nearly two decades of services, and we’ve been given all the key dates.

As soon as October 2026, the company will disable EWS by default for Exchange Online tenants, with the final shutdown set for April 1, 2027.

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Snag the Samsung Galaxy S25 FE on the cheap with $200 off

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If you need a powerful smartphone upgrade without breaking the bank then look no further than this outstanding Galaxy S25 FE deal.

If you are in the market for a welcome phone upgrade with a ton of new features, then Samsung’s 2025 Galaxy S25 FE is a strong pick, particularly when it’s been discounted to just $509.99.

Deal Samsung Galaxy S25 FE 256GB Jet BlackDeal Samsung Galaxy S25 FE 256GB Jet Black

Snag the Samsung Galaxy S25 FE 256GB for just over $500, slicing $200 off the price in the deal

The Samsung Galaxy S25 FE 256GB has dropped to just over $500, carving $200 off the price and pushing this fan‑favourite.

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The Galaxy S25 FE sports a large display, which, beyond being great for games and watching films on, is also fantastic for productivity.

When you do stumble across a moment that requires you to capture it in detail, the S25 FE’s high-res camera is more than capable of taking the required picture, and thanks to all of Samsung’s AI photo editing software, it can quickly spruce up any picture on the go, saving you a ton of editing time when you reach a computer.

Just to further sell the device, we awarded it 4.5 stars out of 5 in our review, mentioning “In both battery life and long-term software support, the Galaxy S25 FE won’t let you down, making it an easy option to recommend on the mid-range market.”

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There’s also 256GB of storage, which is ideal for those who like to have as many apps, games and photos saved onto their phone as possible, as it allows you to download all of your must-haves without having to make frequent trips to the cloud.

There’s a ton of other features to rattle off, but all you really need to know is that this Galaxy S25 FE packs far more than it should do, for a price of $509.99.

With the S25 FE typically sitting at a much higher $709.99, getting a near flagship-level phone for the same price as an entry-level device is what makes this deal so tempting.

Unless you’re dead-set on having a smaller phone that’s easy to use one-handed, the Samsung Galaxy S25 FE represents a far better buy than the standard S25, and one of the best value mid-range phones currently on the market.

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  • Large, bright display is perfect for entertainment

  • Solid everyday performance

  • Bigger battery and improved charging speeds

  • Seven years of software updates

  • Struggles a bit with demanding 3D games

  • Secondary cameras aren’t the best at night-time photography

SQUIRREL_PLAYLIST_10148964

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Ferrari’s first electric car is Luce, rocking interiors by ex-Apple designer Jony Ive

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Ferrari is finally shifting gears and heading into the electric car era. Naturally, the company must do so in style, right? Well, today, Ferrari announced Luce, its first electric car, and also gave us a glimpse of its interiors. And guess who helped with the design process? Ferrari partnered with LoveFrom, a design firm started by Apple legend Sir Jony Ive. 

The “Apple touch” is visible

Ferrari says both firms worked for five years to design the car, and the results look stunning. Ive’s touch also reflects his work at Apple, bringing clean metallic looks, rounded corners, and a seamless fusion of glass and other luxurious materials in the cabin. What’s notable is the focus on analog inputs, instead of going with an all-digital cockpit, a principle that has been embraced by Mercedes-Benz and BMW. 

The steering wheel is inspired by the wooden three-spoke Nardi wheel from the 1960s, and its recycled aluminum material was developed specifically for the Luce. The button placement is inspired by Formula One cars, while the start key features an e-ink display that lights up in tandem with the central console and binnacle.

The Ferrari Luce is also the first car from the brand to feature an instrument cluster mounted on the steering column, and it features a one-of-a-kind dual OLED display with three cutouts. The control panel, notably, is mounted on a ball-and-socket joint, while the instrument cluster graphics draw inspiration from helicopters and airplanes. 

Raw, tactile, and visceral

Ferrari also paid special attention to the shifter, which is made out of special Corning Fusion5 Glass with laser-etched microholes to create the backlit graphics. There are plenty of buttons, dials, toggles and switches in the cockpit, and the overall design is calmly minimalist, unlike other hypercars that either go too deep with digital controls or embrace over-the-top aggressive styling.

The key, in particular, looks like a miniature iPhone or iPod, with its metallic sides and polished finish. Ive’s touch is clearly visible on the car’s interior. The Luce, which was initially supposed to debut as the Ferrari Elettrica, will be introduced later this year. It’s also somewhat of a bittersweet chapter for Ive, who was involved with Apple’s cancelled electric car project. Notably, Ferrari’s announcement comes at a time when rumors are swirling that Porsche has cancelled two of its high-profile electric sports cars.

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Why I Stopped Believing Every Child Belongs in Every Classroom

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This story was published by a Voices of Change fellow. Learn more about the fellowship here.

One of my students has ADHD. In a traditional classroom, his restless energy might be seen as a constant disruption. But in my microschool in Atlanta, where short, active lessons and recess are built into the curriculum for grades four through 12, he thrives. He can barely sit still for 10 minutes, but he doesn’t need to. We’re always doing something that allows movement, and he belongs here.

Another student needs something different. He longs for a soft, nurturing presence, the kind that soothes with warmth. I’ll be honest: I was raised by my father, so my version of love is structure, humor and high expectations, not hugs and gentle tones. For him, I come across as harsh. While one child tells everyone how much he loves me, this child quietly believes I don’t like him. Same teacher. Two very different fits.

That’s when I began to see what I hadn’t been allowed to say in a public school: one child belonged here — the other did not. Those of us who teach and believe in education for all would like to believe that every classroom can meet the needs of every child. It sounds noble, even fair. But schools were never truly built that way.

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Maybe real equity begins when we accept that belonging looks different for each child, and that true fairness means giving every student the chance to find the place where they actually fit.

A Shift in Perspective

When I worked in public schools, I had no choice in who entered my classroom. I was expected to reach every child, regardless of fit, and I carried guilt when my approach didn’t work for someone.

Later, when I started my own school, I thought I would serve everyone equally well. But reality set in quickly. For the first three years, I was the only teacher who attempted to teach every subject, planning every lesson and holding everything together. Soon, my capacity became clear: I could not teach science. I hated it, and every science teacher I hired struggled in the same way. My school was not built for the science enthusiast. Then came students with exceptionalities I wanted to support but couldn’t. Deep in debt, I couldn’t afford more training or certifications. Through trial and error, I learned that creating a thriving space sometimes means being selective — not in the discriminatory way I once criticized, but in a way that honors who we are as educators and who our school is built to serve.

I think about one student in particular, a bright boy with an exceptionality whose attendance was inconsistent. Though he was capable, his parent often excused him from the very work that would have helped him grow. I tried every strategy I knew, but his progress stalled. Eventually, I realized that without a parent’s commitment to time and a belief in their child’s ability, even the best intentions can’t create change.

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Saying no to continuing his enrollment was one of the hardest choices I’ve ever made, but it wasn’t rooted in rejection; it was rooted in honesty. That moment taught me that being selective isn’t about exclusion; it’s about capacity, alignment and care.

My school is wonderful for the right family and for the children who need short lessons, movement, flexibility and structure wrapped in humor. For others, another school might be the better fit. That doesn’t make my school less. It makes it intentional.

What This Means for Schools

What if schools admitted this truth out loud? Not every child belongs in every school, and not every teacher’s style works for every child. What if we stopped shaming teachers for not reaching every child in the same way, and instead built ecosystems where families and educators could find the right match?

“School choice” is not just about privilege. It’s about belonging. It’s about giving children spaces where their needs and personalities are met, and giving teachers the freedom to serve in the ways they serve best.

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Because at the end of the day, my realization always returns to the two students who first taught me this lesson: the one who thrived and the one who didn’t. One blossomed because my school was built for him. The other needed something I could not give. Both deserved to be in spaces that fit. That is the heart of school choice — not separation, not exclusion, but the belief that every child and every teacher should be able to say: This place was made for me.

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Autodesk Takes Google To Court Over AI Movie Software Named ‘Flow’

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Autodesk has sued Google in San Francisco federal court, alleging the search giant infringed its “Flow” trademark by launching competing AI-powered software for movie, TV and video game production in May 2025.

Autodesk says it has used the Flow name since September 2022 and that Google assured it would not commercialize a product under the same name — then filed a trademark application in Tonga, where filings are not publicly accessible, before seeking U.S. protection.

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Google Lines Up 100-Year Sterling Bond Sale

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Alphabet has lined up banks to sell a rare 100-year bond, stepping up a borrowing spree by Big Tech companies racing to fund their vast investments in AI this year. From a report: The so-called century bond will form part of a debut sterling issuance this week by Google’s parent company, according to people familiar with the matter. Alphabet was also selling $15bn of dollar bonds on Monday and lining up a Swiss franc bond sale, the people said.

Century bonds — long-term borrowing at its most extreme — are highly unusual, although a flurry were sold during the period of very low interest rates that followed the financial crisis, including by governments such as Austria and Argentina. The University of Oxford, EDF and the Wellcome Trust — the most recent in 2018 — are the only issuers to have previously tapped the sterling century market.

Such sales are even rarer in the tech sector, with most of the industry’s biggest groups issuing up to 40 years, although IBM sold a 100-year bond back in 1996. Big Tech companies and their suppliers are expected to invest almost $700bn in AI infrastructure this year and are increasingly turning to the debt markets to finance the giant data centre build-out. Michael Burry, writing on Substack: Alphabet looking to issue a 100-year bond. Last time this happened in tech was Motorola in 1997, which was the last year Motorola was considered a big deal.

At the start of 1997, Motorola was a top 25 market cap and top 25 revenue corporation in America. Never again. The Motorola corporate brand in 1997 was ranked #1 in the US, ahead of Microsoft. In 1998, Nokia overtook Motorola in cell phones, and after the iPhone it fell out of the consumer eye. Today Motorola is the 232nd largest market cap with only $11 billion in sales.

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