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An ASML exclusive and Foxconn in Mexico

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Hello everyone, this is Cissy in Hong Kong.

In China, there’s a saying that when inexperienced investors start playing the stock market, it’s time to get out. Events of this past week seem to back up that notion.

Hong Kong shares plummeted on Tuesday, the day mainland markets reopened after the seven-day Golden Week holiday. Someone I know of, who isn’t an experienced stock trader, had borrowed heavily to invest in Hong Kong-listed Chinese property stocks last Thursday, but on Tuesday, he suffered heavy losses as his leveraged position meant he was forced to liquidate his holdings.

That person wasn’t alone in such risky behaviour. In this stimulus-triggered, casino-like market, I heard of another investor who took out online loans during the holiday and went all-in on Tuesday morning on a highly volatile Shenzhen-listed stock that had already surged 18 per cent for fear of “missing out on the once in a lifetime opportunity”. But he ended up with significant losses after the benchmark indices experienced their largest daily declines since 2020. Reflecting on his losses, he said he was “badly misled by all these online posts, and I can only blame myself”.

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Even college freshmen and delivery workers were joining the frenzy, while influencers were telling their followers to jump on the bandwagon and keep buying. China’s economic downturn, triggered by a property crisis, only exacerbated the situation. With their property investments continuing to depreciate, many people had become desperate for returns.

For most of the time that mainland markets were closed, Hong Kong shares were rallying. Some Chinese semiconductor stocks almost doubled in market capitalisation from late September, when Beijing announced new economic stimulus measures. Investors bought in at these inflated prices, only to end up losing money a few days later.

The frenzy brings to mind the stock crash of 2015, which had far-reaching consequences both domestically and internationally. An economist told me, however, that the current correction may not be a bad thing, as cooling the stock frenzy and averting a serious crash is a crucial step towards revitalising China’s economy.

Irreplaceable Asia

Column chart of Total revenue (€bn) showing Asia remains ASML’s focus market

Asia will remain the centre of the chip industry despite the build-up of chip production in the west, Christophe Fouquet, president and CEO of Dutch chip production equipment maker ASML, told Nikkei Asia’s Cheng Ting-Fang in an exclusive interview.

Even with the launch of new chip plants in the US and Europe backed by subsidies and tax incentives, semiconductor capacity is growing faster in Asia and the region will remain the leader in production for many years to come, Fouquet said.

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Spending on chip production equipment has long been viewed as a key barometer of the outlook for chip demand and production capacity growth. Asia accounted for 84 per cent of ASML’s revenue last year, with Taiwan its largest individual market, followed in the region by China, South Korea, Japan and Singapore. The US and Europe generated 12 per cent and 4 per cent, respectively, of the company’s sales.

In his view, Europe and the US should only use the incentives temporarily to create time and space to solve the more structural challenges, and cost-effectiveness should be key for long-term development.

America’s attraction

Chinese artificial intelligence start-ups are stealthily launching products in the US, which has a larger pool of high-spending users than their home market.

MiniMax, ByteDance and 01.ai are among a group of Chinese tech companies that have entered the US market with AI apps, seeking to emulate TikTok’s success, writes the Financial Times’ Eleanor Olcott.

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The biggest breakout app has been Talkie, from Shanghai-based MiniMax, which has told investors it will net about $70mn in sales this year, a lofty projection by the standards of AI start-ups that have struggled to monetise their technology.

That Chinese AI apps are gaining traction overseas underscores the potential for the country’s tech groups to launch competitive products, despite Washington’s restrictions on the highest-end chips used to power model training.

Unbreakable ambitions

The Japanese government will support the development of quantum encryption technology, an effort expected to involve tens of billions of yen (¥10bn equals $68mn) in public-private investment over the next five years, writes Nikkei’s Kiu Sugano.

Japan and others are in a race against time to prepare for the emergence of quantum computers, which are expected to enter into practical use in 2030. Experts warn that these computers will be able to crack all current encryption techniques, making new forms of data protection a key issue.

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Quantum encryption involves the transfer of encrypted data with a key converted into photons through fibre optic cables. Cracking this type of encryption is theoretically impossible since any attempt to steal data from the key would change the state of the photons and alert the system.

Japanese companies possess world-class technology in terms of key generation speed and transmission distance, but other countries have taken the lead in researching practical applications for quantum encryption.

Made in Mexico

As the AI boom continues, Foxconn is building a gigantic AI server manufacturing facility in Mexico to meet the “crazy” demand for Nvidia’s next-generation Blackwell chips, writes Nikkei Asia’s Lauly Li.

Nvidia’s GB200 server system is powered by its Grace Blackwell “superchip” and is the most powerful AI server system to date and Foxconn will start shipping a “small volume” of the GB200 systems in the final quarter of this year. The company did not provide a timeline for when the Mexico facility will come online.

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A major iPhone assembler, Foxconn is also the world’s largest server maker, accounting for 40 per cent of the global market. The company’s server business has been its strongest driver of revenue growth this year amid a slowdown in the smartphone market.

Foxconn Chairman Young Liu said on Tuesday that the company’s diverse manufacturing footprints for servers will become more critical going forward as governments look to bring production of sensitive tech hardware closer to home for national security reasons.

Suggested reads

  1. Cryptocurrencies flying high in India despite tough regulations (Nikkei Asia)

  2. Samsung issues public apology after falling behind on AI (FT)

  3. MediaTek launches AI smartphone chipset with latest TSMC 3-nm tech (Nikkei Asia)

  4. Shein’s UK arm surpasses £1.5bn revenue mark (FT)

  5. North Koreans harness AI, fake American IDs to land remote IT work (Nikkei Asia)

  6. The perils of America’s chips strategy (FT)

  7. AI to turn ‘Dragon Ball,’ ‘Gundam’ voices into English, Chinese (Nikkei Asia)

  8. Baidu plans Apollo Go global expansion as Tesla prepares to unveil robotaxi (Nikkei Asia)

  9. The Nintendo Museum should be a gamer’s paradise. But there’s a bug in the system (FT)

  10. Honda showcases EV megacasting tech in race against Tesla (Nikkei Asia)

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TSB fined £11mn for mistreating customers — including a dead one

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TSB charged a dead person fees for missing a mortgage payment and told another borrower not to buy clothes or school meals for their children, UK regulators said as they fined the bank £10.9mn for failing to treat struggling customers fairly.

The Financial Conduct Authority said on Thursday that TSB’s “inadequate processes” between 2014 and 2020 had “created a real risk that repayment plans were not realistic” for customers.

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The fine comes as a hostile takeover bid for TSB’s Spanish owner Sabadell by bigger rival BBVA has reignited a debate about the future of the UK lender, which six years ago suffered one of the biggest IT outages in the sector that left 2mn customers locked out of their accounts.

The FCA said on Thursday that TSB’s employees did not receive sufficient training and were “potentially encouraged by incentive schemes to prioritise the number of plans made over taking enough time to assess individual customer circumstances”.

TSB, which brands itself as “local banking for Britain”, told one woman struggling with her mortgage she could skip buying clothes or school lunches for her children as it put her on a repayment plan she could not afford.

“As a result of its failings, TSB risked agreeing unaffordable payment arrangements with customers in difficulty or charging them inappropriate fees,” the FCA found.

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The FCA said TSB charged fees for a missed mortgage payment by a customer who had died “where there was no grant of probate or personal representative in place, meaning that there was no prospect of repayment activity taking place on the account at that time”.

In another case, TSB sued a customer after mistakenly treating their large payment as a debit rather than a credit, which pushed them over the bank’s automatic threshold for litigation of customers in arrears.

In total, more than 200,000 mortgage, overdraft, credit card and loan customers were affected, paying the bank almost £260mn in fees and interest, the FCA said. The Sabadell-owned high street bank has paid nearly £100mn in redress costs as a result.

“TSB’s woeful systems and controls exposed its customers to risk of harm and meant it missed opportunity after opportunity to do the right thing,” said Therese Chambers, the FCA’s joint executive director of enforcement and market oversight.

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The fine comes as the regulator is increasing its focus on the fair treatment of customers through a new “consumer duty” regime introduced in July 2023.

TSB, which was carved out of Lloyds Banking Group after the financial crisis, floated on the London Stock Exchange in 2014, with the ambition of challenging the dominance of UK high street banks.

It aimed to capitalise on customers’ distrust of legacy banks and made a point of scrapping internal sales targets and offering customers higher interest rates. Less than a year later, it was bought by Sabadell in a £1.7bn deal.

TSB now has about 5mn customers and a £36bn loan book.

TSB said these were historic issues and that the lender had contacted all affected customers to “apologise and reimburse them for not providing the level of service we should have.”

“We fixed the underlying issues some time ago and have considerably enhanced our support for customers experiencing financial difficulty,” they added.

The lender co-operated with the FCA and qualified for a 30 per cent discount on a fine that otherwise would have been £15.6mn.

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TSB ranked 13th out of 15 for service quality in an industry-wide customer survey by Ipsos last year, and said this year that it would close 36 of its 200 branches and cut 250 jobs from a total of more than 5,000.

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CISI appoints Neil Atkinson as board member

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CISI appoints Neil Atkinson as board member

The Chartered Institute for Securities & Investment (CISI) has appointed Neil Atkinson as a new member of its board.

The board of directors is comprised of representatives who are typically drawn from the financial services sector and meet four to five times a year.

Atkinson is Euroclear managing director (MD) and global client executive. Prior to that he was HSBC MD, global head, platform solutions.

He has over 30 years financial services experience and specialises in capital markets, post trade, financial market infrastructure and clearing and settlement.

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Atkinson is a CISI chartered fellow, member of the CISI membership and international committees, and has received a Leader Coach Accreditation from the Association for Coaching.

CISI chair Michael Cole-Fontayn said: “We are delighted to welcome Neil to the CISI board of directors.

“We look forward to his support and leadership as we continue to grow our global membership, promoting lifelong learning, qualifications, standards, trust and the importance of professionalism.”

In July 2024, the CISI announced it is working with The Institute and Faculty of Actuaries (IFoA) to support actuaries in their understanding of ethical issues when deploying artificial intelligence (AI).

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This means the IFoA’s 32,000+ members can now study for the CISI certificate in ethical AI.

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United unveils “largest international expansion” in its history

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United unveils “largest international expansion” in its history

The US carrier plans to launch routes to eight new international destinations in summer 2025 – seven of which are unserved by other North American carriers.

Continue reading United unveils “largest international expansion” in its history at Business Traveller.

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Five takeaways from UK employment rights bill

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The UK government published its long-promised package of reforms to worker rights on Thursday, billed as the biggest overhaul to employment law in a generation.

The legislation presented to parliament includes 28 policies such as day one employment rights, abolishing fire and rehire and modernising trade union laws.

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In delivering the employment rights bill, Labour has met its manifesto promise to legislate on its “plan to make work pay” within 100 days of the general election. But in doing so it has left many of the big decisions for later.

Secondary legislation means delays

Workers will have to wait up to two years for many of the proposed new employment rights to kick in, ministers have confirmed.

Primary legislation will enable some of the measures to take effect quickly, but most will not come into effect before 2026 or later because of the need for secondary legislation, which is scrutinised by lawmakers.

Policy details will require consultations

The broad scope of the package means the government must now embark on myriad consultations on various aspects of the policies, including:

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  • What is the right level of statutory sick pay for low earners?

  • Can plans to prohibit contracts that do not guarantee a minimum number of hours — billed as a “ban on exploitative zero-hours contracts” — work?

  • How should trade union laws be updated?

  • How should the parental leave system be reformed?

  • How will a new “fair pay agreement” for social care work? 

With input from unions, companies, business groups and other stakeholders such as charities and think-tanks, responding to the consultations will take months or years.

New hires can expect 9-month probation

Companies will be able to keep new hires on probation for as long as nine months in a last-minute concession by ministers to business. 

The government’s promise to introduce basic individual rights from day one for all workers will end an existing two-year qualifying period for protection against some forms of unfair dismissal, and a one-year wait for parental leave.

Workers will now obtain immediate rights to paternity leave and unpaid parental leave, as well as some protection from unfair dismissal. 

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But employers will be able to dismiss employees by following a “lighter touch” process to justify concerns about performance during a probation process that will for the first time be put on a statutory footing.

Jonathan Reynolds, business secretary, said last month that probation was likely to be capped at a period of about six months. But after intense lobbying from business leaders backed by chancellor Rachel Reeves the government has said its preference will now be for a nine month limit. 

Businesses have concerns, while unions are broadly pleased

The most hostile reaction to the legislation has come from small businesses, which are more likely to struggle under the weight of new red tape.

Tina McKenzie, policy chair at the Federation of Small Businesses trade body, described the bill as “a rushed job, clumsy, chaotic and poorly planned”.

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Larger business groups have concerns but welcomed the government’s commitment to consult widely on the more contentious changes.

Peter Cheese, chief executive of the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, said the trade body shared the government’s ambition to raise employment standards and “was pleased to see the ongoing commitment to engage with the business community”.

Unions were broadly delighted with the package of reforms. But they urged ministers to ignore calls from business leaders to further water down the policies.

Gary Smith, GMB general secretary, said the government “won a huge mandate” in July for its “plan to make work pay”. “Now they must make sure unions and workers are front and centre of the detailed discussions needed to deliver it,” he added.

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Enforcement will be key

Ultimately, the success of the reforms will depend on whether the government can make the new rules stick by beefing up enforcement.

The bill provides for the creation of a Fair Work Agency, which will take on the work done by existing agencies to enforce the statutory minimum wage, tackle exploitation and regulate agency workers. It will also provide a mechanism for the first time to enforce holiday pay.

But it is not yet clear how much funding will be available to bolster the new agency’s resources. Its powers and remit also still need to be determined through consultation and further regulation, meaning that it is unlikely to be fully up and running for some years.

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I tried the new McDonald’s Halloween menu before anyone else – fans of the Toffee Latte are in for a treat

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I tried the new McDonald’s Halloween menu before anyone else - fans of the Toffee Latte are in for a treat

MCDONALD’S is switching up its menu just in time for Halloween, including adding two never-before-seen hot drinks.

The home of the Big Mac is also known for its extensive drinks menu, which includes a range of shakes, coffees and frappes.

The menu will feature three new items and several returning fan favourites

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The menu will feature three new items and several returning fan favourites

The fast-food chain frequently treats fans to a number of limited edition drinks, including the brand-new Twix Latte which was launched last month.

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Now, the home of the Golden Arches is adding two more hot drinks for Halloween.

A new Toasted Marshmallow Latte and Toasted Marshmallow Hot Chocolate will be available from October 16.

Meanwhile, fans of the popular Mozzarella Dippers will be excited brand-new Cheese Bites will be coming to a restaurant near you on the same day.

One popular breakfast item has also been given an upgrade this autumn.

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The iconic McDonald’s Hash Brown will be available in a new Mini size with the same crispy exterior and soft fluffy interior we all know and love.

I got an exclusive invite to try three of the new menu items before anyone else ahead of their public debut next week.

I’ve always been a fan of a coffee in the morning, so I was keen to give the new Toasted Marshmallow Latte a taste.

The coffee is strong but the toasted marshmallow flavoured syrup and dusting satisfy any sweet tooth.

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It’s very similar to the popular Toffee Latte but has been given an autumnal twist.

It’s the perfect drink for a cold winter’s morning and I’m sure commuters will be queuing to grab one before they head into the office.

The whipped cream on top felt indulgent at first, but it melted quickly into the warm coffee, giving it a surprisingly smooth texture.

I’d give it a 4 out of 5.

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Those who don’t like coffee are also covered as the fast-food giant has launched a Toasted Marshmallow Hot Chocolate, which has the same marshmallow syrup and flavoured dusting.

When I take a sip my mouth is filled with the rich chocolate, which is sickly sweet.

Fans of a Starbucks Classic or White Hot Chocolate will love it but I found it overpoweringly sugary.

Overall I’d score it a 3.5 out of 5.

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What’s joining the McDonald’s menu?

The Halloween menu items are:

  • Cheese Side – £2.49
  • Cheese Side Sharebox – £6.79
  • Toasted Marshmallow Latte – £2.59
  • Toasted Marshmallow Hot Chocolate (Only available in Large) – £2.19
  • McCrispy® Deluxe – £5.99
  • McCrispy® Deluxe Medium Meal – £7.79
  • Halloween M&M’s® McFlurry® – £2.19
  • Halloween M&M’s® McFlurry® Mini – £1.59
  • Galaxy® Caramel McFlurry® – £2.19
  • Galaxy® Caramel McFlurry® Mini – £1.59
  • Toffee Apple Pie – £1.99
  • Mini Hash Browns Single Portion – £1.49
  • Mini Hash Browns Sharebox – £2.99

The Toasted Marshmallow Latte costs £2.59 while the Toasted Marshmallow Hot Chocolate is only £2.19.

Fans of the Toffee Latte will love the new Toasted Marshmallow Latte

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Fans of the Toffee Latte will love the new Toasted Marshmallow Latte

I’m a big fan of McDonald’s Cheese Melt Dippers, so I had high hopes for the brand-new Cheese Bites.

And I’m pleased to say I was not disappointed.

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The mozzarella and emmental flavours hit my taste buds as soon as I bit into one of the bite-sized pieces.

Meanwhile, the smoky caramelised onion flavoured breadcrumb coating added a sophisticated flavour to what is otherwise, essentially, a lump of cheese.

The Cheese Bites have a strong mozzarella and Emmental flavour

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The Cheese Bites have a strong mozzarella and Emmental flavour

The Cheese Bites come with a BBQ Dip, but I don’t think they needed it as they packed a serious punch on their own.

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I’d rate them a solid 4.5 out of 5.

They come in portions of five for £2.49 or a sharebox of fifteen for £6.79.

Last up were the new Mini Hash Browns.

I have always been a sucker for a Hash Brown, so I was keen to give the new Mini version a try – and they did not disappoint.

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The outside is extra golden and crunchy, as you would hope with any good Hash Brown.

But because they’re smaller than the original there is more batter, which makes them extra crunchy.

Inside the potato is still soft and fluffy while melting in the mouth.

I’d say they are better than the original Hash Brown and would give them a score of 4.5 out of 5.

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Unlike the Cheese Bites, the Hash Browns do not come with sauce – but I think they are much tastier when dipped in tomato ketchup or brown sauce.

I definitely think it’s worth getting a dip to go.

Maccies fans can pick up five for £1.49 or a sharebox of 15 for £2.99.

Does McDonald’s often change its menu?

It is not unusual for McDonald’s to make changes to its menu across its 1,400 stores.

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Just last week the fast-food chain confirmed that it was bringing back the much-loved McRib burger which had not been seen in the UK for nearly ten years.

Meanwhile, last month saw the return of McDonald’s popular Monopoly game.

To celebrate the launch it added six new items to its menu, including the never-before-seen Twix Latte.

Do you have a money problem that needs sorting? Get in touch by emailing money-sm@news.co.uk.

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Religious hate crimes hit record high in England and Wales, data shows

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Religious hate crimes hit a record high in England and Wales in the year to March, as offences against Jewish people and Muslims surged in the wake of the Israel-Hamas war.

Some 10,484 religious hate crimes were reported in 2023-24, according to Home Office data published on Thursday. This represented a rise of 25 per cent from 8,370 incidents the previous year and the highest level since records began in 2012. 

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The increase in offences was driven by attacks targeting Jewish people, which more than doubled to 3,282 incidents over the period, while the number of incidents against Muslims jumped 13 per cent to 3,866. 

Charities that support Jewish and Muslim communities said the data reflected a sharp rise in antisemitism and Islamophobia since the start of the Israel-Hamas conflict in October last year.

“When the October 7 attack [by Hamas] happened, we knew immediately that there would be a rise in antisemitism, but the scale and the speed took us by surprise,” said the Community Security Trust, a charity that provides security to schools, synagogues and other Jewish community buildings.

Iman Atta, director at Tell Mama, a project that tracks anti-Muslim abuse, said the hate crime data showed a significant increase in religiously aggravated offences even before the anti-Muslim and racist riots that occurred over the summer.

“The war on Gaza has left some questioning their safety and sense of belonging in the UK — a feeling compounded by the far-right violence in parts of the country following the horrific stabbings in Southport,” she added, referring to the attack on July 29 in which three children were killed and eight more injured.

“This demonstrates that we really need robust and updated hate crime and social cohesion plans in place,” she added.

Data from the Metropolitan Police Service showed an uptick in all hate crime incidents in London over the summer, rising from 3,786 in May and June to 4,384 in July and August.

Home Secretary Yvette Cooper on Thursday said the government would work “tirelessly” to tackle the “appalling” levels of antisemitic and Islamophobic hate across the country.

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“We must not allow events unfolding in the Middle East to play out in increased hatred and tension here on our streets, and those who push this poison — offline or online — must face the full force of the law,” she added.

The Home Office data showed there were more than 140,500 total hate crimes recorded in the year ending in March, down from 147,645 the previous year. Racially motivated crimes accounted for more than two-thirds of offences.

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