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Why Giorgia Meloni’s Albania migrant scheme needs its own rescue boat

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Good morning. The result of Moldova’s EU membership referendum is on a knife’s edge this morning, with the result set to hinge on the last few thousand votes counted. And President Maia Sandu’s re-election bid will face a gruelling second-round run-off against her pro-Russian rival in a fortnight.

Today, our Rome bureau chief reports on Giorgia Meloni’s efforts to rescue her Albania migration scheme after it was shot down by the courts, and our energy correspondent reveals what’s undermining a technology many hoped would be a silver bullet for Europe’s green revolution.

Rescue mission

Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni is scrambling to salvage her controversial scheme to hold irregular migrants in offshore centres in Albania, after an Italian court ordered the first group of migrants dispatched there to be transported immediately to Italy, writes Amy Kazmin.

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Context: Meloni came to power promising tough measures to stem the influx of irregular migrants from across the Mediterranean, but has struggled to fulfil that pledge. She had touted the Albanian scheme as an innovative model the rest of the EU could follow.

Meloni and Albanian Prime Minister Edi Rama agreed last summer that Italy could operate two centres in Albania with a total capacity of 3,000 healthy, male migrants per month from countries deemed “safe”, while their asylum requests were processed.

The centres formally opened last week, when Italian coastguard officials delivered 16 migrants from Bangladesh and Egypt — two of the 22 countries Rome has designated safe for migrant returns, with some specific exceptions. 

Of those first arrivals, four were sent on to Italy immediately: two on suspicion of being minors, and two for medical reasons. On Friday, Rome’s immigration court ordered the remaining dozen to follow suit, citing a European Court of Justice ruling that countries could not be “partially safe”.

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Italy’s opposition parties — highly critical of a deal they consider little more than a political theatre — are up in arms over an estimated €60mn spent on the centres and supporting infrastructure so far this year. 

At a cabinet meeting today, Meloni’s government will try to strengthen the legal foundation of designating countries safe for migrant returns, in a bid to ensure the transport of future groups of migrants withstands judicial scrutiny.

The legal wrangling is not just pertinent to Meloni, whose core electorate is closely watching. Many other EU leaders have endorsed her Albania model or intimated they would be keen to try something similar.

European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen said last week that Brussels would “draw lessons” from the scheme as it “explore[s] possible ways forward as regards the idea of developing return hubs outside the EU”.

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Chart du jour: Innovation race

Column chart showing % of GDP spent on private and public R&D in the US and EU

If Europe wants to take a digital leap across its innovation gap, it should focus less on state handouts and instead push the private sector to do more, writes Martin Sandbu.

Hot air

Heat pump policies in nine EU countries are “deeply flawed”, according to a new study assessing the lagging take-up of a technology seen as critical to cutting emissions from household heating, writes Alice Hancock.

Context: Heat pumps work in a similar way to air conditioning but in reverse. When powered by renewable energy they are seen as a way to decarbonise heating in buildings, which accounts for 35 per cent of the bloc’s greenhouse gas emissions.

The EU aims to fully decarbonise its building stock by 2050. To do that it will need at least 60mn heat pumps by 2030 but will fall 17mn short, according to the European Heat Pump Association’s estimates. 

After a bump following the energy crisis, sales of heat pumps, a clean technology of which Europe can claim leadership, have started to lag

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The reason? Few countries have established “robust” policy frameworks, according to a report from the Polish think-tank Reform Institute.

Out of the 10 largest heat pump markets in Europe surveyed, Reform Institute found that nine — including UK, France, Spain and Germany — have “deeply flawed” policies to incentivise take-up. 

Among the problems: delays to subsidy payments, a lack of loans to pay for costs not covered by grants, and poor outreach to vulnerable households.

The stakes for encouraging the heat pump sector are high: it employs 170,000 people in Europe.

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French socialist MEP Thomas Pellerin-Carlin said that heat pumps were “central” to the EU’s energy transition. 

“[They] can help free us from our dependence on Vladimir Putin’s gas, and lower energy bills for European families and businesses. But here lies the paradox: despite its pivotal role in Europe’s energy security, the heat pump industry is now struggling,” he added. “This downward trend is the direct result of poor policy decisions at both EU and national levels.”

What to watch today

  1. European parliament president Roberta Metsola opens the chamber’s plenary session and meets with Ursula von der Leyen, president of the European Commission.

  2. EU agriculture and fishery ministers meet in Luxembourg.

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Apartment Story — grungy thriller with a whiff of The Sims

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Apartment Story — grungy thriller with a whiff of The Sims

There’s admirable ambition behind this low-cost title, though narrative hitches mar the experience

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STOREX Self Storage secures £30m loan from OakNorth

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NewRiver REIT raises £50m for CapReg takeover

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More than 20 products recalled over peanut contamination fears

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More than 20 products recalled over peanut contamination fears

More than 20 spice products including dips, curry powders and seasonings have been recalled over fears they may contain peanuts not mentioned on the label.

In a notice issued by the Food Standards Agency (FSA), the decision to withdraw the products – supplied by FGS Ingredients Ltd in Leicester – was described as “precautionary”.

The products recalled include Domino’s BBQ Dip, seasonings and curry powders by Favourit and Dunnes Stores, and some Westmorland Family Butchery sausages and burgers.

It comes weeks after a separate recall over a possible peanut contamination by FGS Ingredients, where the firm said testing was ongoing to understand “where and how this issue originated”.

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Mustard products containing traces of peanut can be found in food such as dips, sauces, salads and pre-packed sandwiches.

Last month FGS Ingredients said additional testing across its ingredients had “not detected any presence of peanut content or residue”, but advised customers to remove products from sale containing the mustard ingredients.

A spokesperson previously said: “We have never previously been involved in any incident of food contamination. Nevertheless, we continue to support the FSA investigation in every way necessary to help determine the source of this issue.”

The latest FSA notice said consumers had been advised to return the products for a full refund.

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The FSA added: “These products are sold under several different brand names at several different retail stores.

“Point of sale notices will be displayed where the products were sold. These notices explain to customers why the products are being recalled and tell them what to do if they have bought the products.”

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Boom for buyers as number or properties for sale hits 10-year high thanks to mortgage interest rates falling

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Boom for buyers as number or properties for sale hits 10-year high thanks to mortgage interest rates falling

THE number of homes for sale hit a ten year high in October, according to Rightmove.

Across Britain the number of properties put on the market was 12% higher than a year ago.

The number of homes for sale has hit a ten year high according to Rightmove

1

The number of homes for sale has hit a ten year high according to RightmoveCredit: Alamy

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Meanwhile, the number of people contacting estate agents about properties for sale was up by 17% compared with the same period last year.

Rightmove said the number of homes on the market is driving up competition between sellers as potential homeowners continue to find their budgets are stretched.

A greater choice of homes is giving buyers more negotiating power, which is helping to stop prices from rising rapidly.

Meanwhile, some buyers are waiting for clarity from this month’s Budget and cheaper mortgage rates before they make an offer.

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Read more on house prices

As a result, the typical price being asked for a home coming onto the market increased by £1,199, or 0.3%, this month to reach £371,958.

This is much lower than the average seasonal 1.3% monthly increase at this time of year.

Meanwhile, asking prices are 1% higher than a year ago, when a typical home was listed at £368,231, around £3,727 less than it would be now.

London boasts the highest average asking price of any UK region.

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A typical home in the capital is worth £694,906 after prices rose by 1.1% year on year.

Homes in the South East are also well above the national average, with a typical property worth £483,780.

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Prices in the region are down 0.6% in the last year but still remain well above other regions.

The North East is still the cheapest region in England, with a typical home worth £192,742, 4.9% higher than a year ago.

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Tim Bannister, a property expert at Rightmove, warned that the ball is now “in the buyer’s court”, which means sellers need to price competitively to find a buyer.

He added: “The big picture still looks positive for the market heading into 2025. Market activity remains strong, despite affordability pressures on movers. 

Different types of mortgages

We break down all you need to know about mortgages and what categories they fall into.

A fixed rate mortgage provides an interest rate that remains the same for an agreed period such as two, five or even 10 years.

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Your monthly repayments would remain the same for the whole deal period.

There are a few different types of variable mortgages and, as the name suggests, the rates can change.

A tracker mortgage sets your rate a certain percentage above or below an external benchmark.

This is usually the Bank of England base rate or a bank may have its figure.

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If the base rate rises, so will your mortgage but if it drops then your monthly repayments will be reduced.

A standard variable rate (SVR) is a default rate offered by banks. You usually revert to this at the end of a fixed deal term, unless you get a new one.

SVRs are generally higher than other types of mortgage, so if you’re on one then you’re likely to be paying more than you need to.

Variable rate mortgages often don’t have exit fees while a fixed rate could do.

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“Once we have more certainty about the contents of the Budget, hopefully followed by speedy second and third Bank Rate cuts, we could see another surge in market optimism like we had in the summer.”

The average 5-year mortgage rate is now 4.61%, up slightly from 4.55% last week.

This is still a big improvement from the average of 6.11% when rates peaked in July 2023.

With more homes being put on the market the average time they are taking to sell has increased.

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What it means for you

Rightmove said it now takes 61 days to secure a buyer, a slight uptick from an average of 59 days in the summer.

Competition for buyers is particularly fierce at the top of the market.

The number of four-bedroom detached houses and five-bedroom-plus homes available for sale is 17% ahead of last year.

Marc von Grundherr, director of Benham and Reeves in London, said monthly property transactions are now at their strongest since 2022.

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He said: “Mortgage approval levels have been strengthening for much of this year and we’re now seeing this increase in buyer demand start to filter through to actual sales. 

“This improving market momentum has also helped to tempt many sellers back into the market who had previously put their plans to move on pause.”

Who else tracks house prices?

Several big banks also track property prices and release monthly indexes.

Halifax is part of Lloyds Banking Group, which is the UK’s biggest mortgage lender.

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It has been tracking house prices since 1983 and published a monthly house price index based on the mortgage data it holds.

Nationwide also publishes a monthly index which tracks the average price of homes on which it provides mortgages.

As their figures are based on mortgage approvals they don’t include cash buyers who purchase a property without needing a mortgage.

The official measure of house prices is from the Office for National Statistics (ONS), which uses data from the Land Registry where the actual sold price is recorded.

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These figures are the most accurate of all of the indexes but the figures are released three months after the homes are sold, so there is a big time lag.

Online property websites Rightmove and Zoopla also publish monthly house price data.

Rightmove’s data is based on asking prices from the properties listed on its website.

Meanwhile Zoopla uses sold prices, mortgage valuations and data on agreed sales.

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Neither website takes into account the price a property was sold for, unlike the ONS.

Some properties could end up being sold for higher or lower, while others may not sell at all.

Here’s the latest data from other indexes:

  • Nationwide: House prices rose by 0.7% in September and increased by 3.2% annually. A typical property is now worth £266,094.
  • ONS: property prices increased by 2.8% annually to £293,000 in the year to August.
  • Zoopla: House prices rose by 0.7% in the year to August, with a typical property now worth £267,000.

Do you have a money problem that needs sorting? Get in touch by emailing money-sm@news.co.uk.

Plus, you can join our Sun Money Chats and Tips Facebook group to share your tips and stories

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Air India to switch Bengaluru-Gatwick route to Heathrow

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Air India to switch Bengaluru-Gatwick route to Heathrow

The move will also see the carrier increase flights between Bengaluru and London from five-times-weekly to daily from the start of the winter schedules

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Cleric and alleged Turkish coup plotter Fethullah Gülen dies in exile

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Fethullah Gülen, an Islamic preacher who at his peak led hundreds of thousands of Turkish faithful but was accused of plotting a failed coup against President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, has died while in exile in the US.

Gülen died in hospital late on Sunday, according to a post on X by Herkul, a website with ties to the 83-year-old cleric, which was widely reported in Turkish media.

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Ahmet Kurucan, who is married to a niece of Gülen, confirmed his death to the Financial Times.

Gülen’s exile in the US had been a major irritant in Ankara’s relationship with Washington, which refused to extradite the cleric after a 2016 military insurrection that Erdoğan blamed on Gülen’s religious community.

The movement, which calls itself Hizmet, or service, is classified as a terrorist organisation in Turkey.

“Our nation and state will continue to fight against this organisation as they fight against all kinds of terrorist organisations,” Hakan Fidan, Turkey’s foreign minister, said on Monday, as he marked the death of the man he identified as “the leader of the dark organisation”.

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Once a key ally of Erdoğan, Gülen denied having a hand in the abortive coup, in which more than 300 people died and rebel soldiers bombed parliament with commandeered fighter jets.

He remained in the US, where had he lived since 1999 and was increasingly depicted by Erdoğan as his principal enemy.

In Turkey the president intensified a crackdown against Gülen supporters who remained in the country after 2016. Erdoğan purged hundreds of thousands of people with suspected Gülenist links from state jobs, jailed tens of thousands more and seized banks, media outlets and other companies worth billions of dollars.

Turkish authorities claim Gülen’s network remains active within the country, with police and prosecutors launching frequent raids against alleged members.

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The network also maintains international activities. There were thought to be at least 150 US charter schools linked to it as recently as 2017, according to a US congressional report. Analysts say organisations with ties to the cleric have also been active in Africa.

The cause of Gülen’s death was not immediately known. He had initially said his move to the US was to receive medical treatment for conditions including diabetes and heart disease. He spent his last years at a sprawling compound in the Pocono Mountains in Pennsylvania.

During the movement’s peak, Gülen’s followers numbered somewhere between 500,000 and 4mn and provided the cleric with considerable political leverage beginning in the late 1980s.

Gülen dispatched volunteers to Central Asia and the Balkans after the fall of the Soviet Union to open up schools in what eventually became a global network that educated millions of people and expanded Turkish soft power.

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But it was after Erdoğan came to power in 2003 that the movement emerged as a full-blown political force. Erdoğan’s Islamist-rooted politics made the Gülenists, who had quietly risen through the judiciary and security forces over decades, his natural allies.

They worked together to curtail the secularist military’s interventions in politics, primarily through a series of mass criminal trials that led to the jailing of hundreds of former and serving army officers and their allies.

Once they had vanquished their common foe, the two camps turned on each other. The power struggle came to a head in 2016. Turkish officials alleged that Gülen suspected Erdoğan would discharge loyal military officers at an annual council in August and attempted to pre-emptively seize power on July 15.

After a single night of violence, the coup attempt was defeated.

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Additional reporting by Adam Samson and Funja Güler in Ankara

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