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A Windows Defender bug is making VLC take 30 seconds to open an MP3 file

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The takeaway: A recent social spat highlights the conflicting priorities between Microsoft and open-source projects such as VLC. The universal media player is having issues dealing with MP3 audio files, and the most likely culprit is Redmond’s end-point antivirus software.

Is VLC media player taking tens of seconds to load an MP3 file just because open-source software development is now in an embarrassing state? Jonathan Blow, designer of puzzle games Braid and The Witness, accused the VideoLAN team of doing a very bad job with VLC programming. The VideoLAN team eventually pushed back on the accusation, blaming Microsoft and Windows Defender instead.

In a recent social post, Blow said he was going to switch from VLC to Microsoft Media Player because the former took 33 seconds before playing an MP3 file. Blow’s view is that open-source projects are inherently flawed, while a media player programmed by Microsoft – which has never been known for its expertise in the field to begin with – is now a better alternative to one of the most popular pieces of software on the planet.

According to recent figures provided by VideoLAN, VLC has been downloaded more than 6 billion times on Windows, Linux, Android, macOS, and everything in between. The tool supports six different CPU architectures and numerous hardware-accelerated GPUs, while also providing a lot of additional features like media conversion, recording, internet streaming, IPTV, and much more.

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As confirmed by VideoLAN, the particular issue experienced by Blow is likely related to a known bug in Microsoft Defender. Redmond’s endpoint antimalware service is now routinely targeting the plugin cache in VLC’s installation folder, putting the cache file in quarantine and causing the player to delay its normal loading times.

Reinstalling VLC or simply regenerating the plugin cache should solve the issue. “Calling open-source software embarrassing when it is a Windows update that broke it is quite disrespectful,” VideoLAN said.

When it comes to false positives and annoying behaviors with legit third-party software, Microsoft Defender is often the first culprit you can safely blame. The VLC plugin cache bug is a well-known issue at this point, with users trying several different solutions to make Defender and VLC finally coexist in peace. Using different antivirus software like Bitdefender Antivirus Free is also a great way to make Defender issues disappear – something I can personally vouch for.

As some users pointed out, using a video player such as VLC to listen to MP3 files doesn’t sound like the most sensible idea to begin with. Furthermore, switching to the “worst media player on the market” (Microsoft Media Player) instead of modern MP3 players such as Foobar2000 is definitely an “embarrassment.”

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X-Men ’97 season 3: everything we know so far about the popular Marvel TV show’s return on Disney+

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X-Men ’97 season 3: key information

– Already deep into its development cycle
– Set to be released in 2027
– No trailer available to watch yet
– Vast majority of its main voice cast set to return
– Other characters due to join its ensemble
– Season 2 finale drops big clue about the direction of its plot
– Season 4 already in the works

Rejoice, Marvel fans, because X-Men ’97 season 3 is already deep into its development cycle. That means we’ll see it sometime in 2027, which is a welcome change from the two-year gap we had to endure between the animated show’s first two seasons.

Of course, we don’t know its actual return date on Disney+, but other things have been revealed and teased about X-Men ’97‘s third outing. Luckily for you, I’ve rounded up the most important details below, so don’t delay — scroll on to learn all there is to know about the series’ third season.

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X-Men ’97 season 3 release date: what we know

Rogue grimacing in X-Men '97 season 2 episode 9

We’ll be reunited with Rogue and company sometime next year (Image credit: Marvel Animation/Disney+)

As I mentioned, X-Men ’97 season 3 is set to arrive sometime next year.

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Apple warned against buying Chinese memory

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Apple’s memory woes are continuing, as Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick has urged Apple not to buy Mac memory chips from Chinese suppliers, despite the continuing supply crisis.

Apple has been testing memory chips from the controversial CXMT as a way to ease the current global chip shortage. However, the politically sensitive move has now led to a warning from the Trump administration, delivered by Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick.

The Wall Street Journal reported on Friday about the warning to avoid purchasing Chinese chips. Following a tour of the new Apple Advanced Manufacturing Center in Houston, Lutnick told the media, “The Trump administration is not in favor of that.”

Lutnick added there must be other ways to fix the problem, but stressed “It’s not great American companies using Chinese memory.”

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When asked if the message was provided to Apple, Lutnick was curt but affirmative, stating “Plainly.”

Releasing the strain

Lutnick’s warning is about Apple’s attempt to work around the high prices and tight supplies of memory affecting the whole tech industry. As part of this, Apple has explored the possibility of securing supplies from Chinese memory suppliers such as CXMT.

The problem is that CXMT is on the Chinese Military Company Blacklist, or 1260H list. The list is a collection of companies that the Pentagon believes have links to the People’s Liberation Army and could be considered a risk to U.S. national security.

While the list doesn’t stop Apple from buying chips from CXMT, it will affect sales. The Defense Department is not able to make agreements with companies on the list, nor use products or services from third parties that use their components.

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There’s also the problem of murmurs that CXMT would be put onto the “Entity List,” which would block all trade with the company completely. Even if Apple gained supplies from CXMT and ignored the 1260H list’s consequences, a shift of CXMT onto the Entity List would cut off that supply line once more.

That would put Apple back at square one.

A lot of backlash

Apple petitioned the Trump administration to allow it to buy Mac RAM chips from CXMT on June 27. Since then, it has secured chips for testing and has put them through their paces.

However, there has been considerable pushback against the plan. In July, U.S. memory maker Micron lobbied the White House, alleging that a move permitting the sales from blacklisted Chinese companies would be incredibly harmful.

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To Micron, doing so would harm the U.S. tech manufacturing industry in the same way that China decimated U.S. steel and manufacturing plants.

The Republican chair of the House China Committee, John Moolenaar, said it would be a “grave mistake” for Apple to make the deal back in June.

In July, Apple was sent a letter from U.S. senators attempting to convince the iPhone maker to back away from the proposal.

On CXMT’s side, it has rejected a demand from Apple for a discount. It wants to be paid what Apple pays Samsung for memory, reducing Apple’s benefit of securing the new supply line.

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To Apple, though, it can at least point to a need for fairness from the U.S. government on the matter.

On August 10, it was reported that rivals HP and Acer already use CXMT memory for hardware sold outside the United States. While it is unclear if HP or Acer asked permission before doing so, they both carried on without penalty.

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This US Fighter Jet Can Go The Fastest Without Using An Afterburner

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Modern 5th-generation fighter jets are impressive machines with numerous capabilities that set them apart from prior-generation aircraft. One fighter that tends to get a lot of attention is the F-35 Lightning II, which makes sense. They’re not only operated by the U.S. Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps, but they’re also flown by many allied nations to the United States. Yet while an F-35 is fast without afterburners, it’s not the fastest U.S. fighter jet in the inventory.

The F-22 Raptor beats the F-35 (and every other fighter) as the fastest without using an afterburner. Afterburners are additional combustion sections of an aircraft’s jet engine. They’re used to directly inject fuel via a controllable nozzle into the exhaust gases, which gives the plane a significant speed advantage for a short time. When an F-35 or F-22 ignites its afterburners, they move through the air at incredibly high speed, but it costs a lot of fuel, so it’s used in short bursts. For regular flight, a fighter typically flies at their cruising speed, which is different for every aircraft.

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The F-35’s cruise speed is subsonic, so it cannot achieve supersonic flight without afterburners. With them engaged, the aircraft’s top speed jumps to Mach 1.6 (1,200 mph). The F-22’s cruising speed is Mach 1.5+ (1,151+ mph) and its maximum speed is Mach 2.25 (1,500 mph). The secret of the F-22’s speed is something called “Supercruise,” which is different from afterburners and is where it distinguishes itself from other U.S. fighters. With supercruise, the F-22 can cruise without afterburners much faster than its peers.

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Supercruise makes the F-22 special but not unique

Supercruise is one of the things that makes the F-22 Raptor a special aircraft, but it’s not unique — it’s just the best fighter jet at traveling further, faster while burning less fuel. Other aircraft have supercruise capabilities, including the Eurofighter Typhoon and the Dassault Rafale. China’s Chengdu J-20 is rumored to possess the ability as well. Supercruise is defined as a period of sustained supersonic flight without the use of afterburners.

Essentially, the jet engine needs to provide enough thrust to achieve Mach 1 (767 mph), which is difficult due to transonic drag. This is the aerodynamic drag on the aircraft’s forward momentum provided by the atmosphere as it moves through the air at speeds exceeding the speed of sound. The F-22’s Pratt & Whitney F119-PW-100 is one of the most powerful engines used in a production fighter, thanks to its 26,000 lbs. of dry thrust. That number rises to 35,000 with afterburners, which is a lot of power packed into a single airframe.

For comparison, the F-35 uses variations of the Pratt & Whitney F-135 engine with a dry thrust of 25,000 and 40,000 lbs. when afterburners are engaged. That makes the F135 is the most powerful engine used in a production fighter at time of writing. While those dry thrust numbers are close to what the F-22’s engine provides, the F-35 weighs 70,000 lbs., while the F-22 weighs in at 43,340 lbs. Weight and other aspects of each aircraft’s design and shape affect their top speed, and at the end of the day, the F-22 can cruise faster, further, and longer than the F-35, thanks to its superior supercruise ability.

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Lego’s supersized Hubble deserves a little more shine

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OFFBEAT

Excellent internal detail cannot entirely disguise some penny-pinching choices

Lego has released its largest Hubble Space Telescope yet – a model built at approximately minifig scale that dwarfs the observatory included with its Space Shuttle Discovery set.

The first thing to say about this set is that there is an awful lot of grey. This is perhaps the greatest weakness of an otherwise excellent set and feels a little penny-pinching on the part of the Danish brick botherer.

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Lego Hubble Space Telescope model with open panels on a stand against a plain wall.

Lego has produced several versions of Hubble over the years. There is a version to fit in the payload bay of its large Space Shuttle Discovery set, and a much smaller incarnation on a plinth in the Women of NASA set. Both are retired, so scratching that Hubble itch with a current official set means dropping £119.99 on the Icons Hubble Space Telescope.

It’s a large set. According to Lego, the 1,252-piece set measures 32 cm tall, 38 cm long (with the aperture door open), and 38 cm wide. An astronaut minifigure is included to indicate the model’s approximate scale – a shame there’s just one, since the servicing missions had a pair of spacewalkers – along with a power tool. There is also a stand featuring some of Hubble’s iconic imagery and a plaque with more information, including the dates of the Space Shuttle servicing missions. Lego has not included replacement instruments to recreate the various servicing activities.

Inside are Lego representations of Hubble’s instruments and systems, including its gyroscopes, primary mirror, and secondary mirror. Outside are posable solar arrays and antennas, along with an aperture door that opens. Some parts are a little fiddly, and the set is aimed at ages 18+. That seems a little on the high side, but this isn’t something you’d want a young child trying to build.

The level of detail is impressive, considering the nature of Lego components, but it is difficult to avoid all that grey plastic. The Hubble Space Telescope included with the Space Shuttle Discovery Icons set uses silver bricks, which makes the choice of grey plastic feel cheap in comparison.

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And then there are the stickers. Thankfully, there aren’t too many, but printed parts are readily available, and Lego uses its own, so why make builders fiddle with sticker alignment? And then there are the solar arrays, which are single-sided and feel a little cheap compared with the arrays on some of the MOCs The Register has built over the years

Still, these are minor niggles in what is otherwise a fun build lasting 6-12 hours. The set is an excellent addition to the Icons range, but such is the affection for Hubble that details matter. The set also acknowledges Hubble’s 35th anniversary, celebrated in April 2025, with a “35” decal on the back of the astronaut minifigure. The real thing continues to orbit, although its days are likely numbered

The Lego version is likely to endure until a careless elbow knocks it off the shelf, or a creative builder decides to repurpose its components for an orbital animal amusement park.

Which, after all, is the whole point. ®

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Robots That Walk and Talk Are Coming To Car Factories

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An anonymous reader quotes a report from The New York Times: At a BMW factory in South Carolina, a human-shaped robot with a screen for a face recently stepped from a charging station toward a stack of green plastic boxes. It grasped an auto part from one of the boxes, pivoted, placed the part in a trolley, then pulled the trolley across the floor. The robot’s slow, stiff movements suggested a worker with a bad hangover rather than a technological revolution. “They’re still slower than humans,” Ulrich Wieland, a BMW vice president in charge of logistics at the factory, in Spartanburg, told reporters invited to see the robot in June. But, he added, “they’re advancing fast.”

Automakers have used robots for decades, but they are usually powerful, one-armed machines that are fixed in place and perform repetitive tasks like welding body frames or applying adhesives to door panels. Now, most major automakers are betting that robots designed to resemble human beings, known as humanoids, will usher in a new wave of automation and efficiency. Equipped with artificial intelligence, they are expected to move around and do tasks now done by humans without any modifications to factories or heavy equipment.

Unlike most of the robots now in use, humanoids would respond to voice commands and theoretically solve problems and react to unforeseen events. They would never take a lunch break, join a union or require health insurance. To optimists, robots could rescue U.S. manufacturing by increasing productivity, solving shortages of skilled workers and giving Western carmakers a fighting chance at competing with Chinese rivals that enjoy lower costs. Boring but important jobs like sorting parts would be done by robots, freeing humans for more interesting and specialized work.

Read more of this story at Slashdot.

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Sonos Ace Ultra headphones appear ahead supposed release

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Sonos could be preparing to launch a new pair of over-ear headphones called the Ace Ultra. An FCC filing suggests the successor could bring voice control and a much wider choice of colours.

The filing, spotted by Lowpass, is heavily redacted, so there isn’t much to go on yet. However, the information that is available points to an over-ear design similar to the original Sonos Ace, which launched in 2024. The Ace Ultra is expected to come in five colours: Greige, Shadow Black, Agave, Blush and Sand.

The FCC filing also appears to reference Sonos Voice Control, which could be one of the more significant additions to the new headphones. Unlike a smart speaker, headphones don’t have a screen for displaying information or controls. Therefore, voice interaction is particularly useful if Sonos is looking to make AI a bigger part of the experience.

The timing also makes sense. Sonos said during its third-quarter financial call that it was planning a product launch in September. However, it hasn’t confirmed which products will appear. CEO Thomas Conrad has also said the company is making AI a core part of its strategy, and the Ace Ultra could potentially play a role in that wider push.

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There is some history the new headphones will need to overcome, though. The original Ace arrived during a difficult period for Sonos. At the time, the company’s redesigned app launched with major problems and was missing key functionality. Sonos later acknowledged that it had released the redesign too early. Meanwhile, the Ace’s TrueCinema spatial audio feature didn’t arrive until roughly a year after launch.

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TrueCinema is designed to use the acoustics of a room containing a compatible Sonos soundbar. It creates a more convincing spatial audio experience through the headphones. Its delayed arrival meant one of the Ace’s headline features wasn’t available at launch.

For the Ace Ultra, Sonos appears to have an opportunity to put some of those early issues behind it. At the same time, it is making the headphones a more integrated part of its connected audio ecosystem. Exactly what hardware or AI features are planned remains unclear, however, and the FCC filing doesn’t provide enough information to confirm the full specification.

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With a September launch reportedly planned, we shouldn’t have too long to wait for the official details.

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Every fusion startup that has raised over $100M

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Over the last several years, fusion power has gone from the butt of jokes — always a decade away! — to an increasingly tangible and tantalizing technology that has drawn investors off the sidelines.

The technology may be challenging to master and expensive to build today, but fusion promises to harness the nuclear reaction that powers the sun to generate nearly limitless energy here on Earth. If startups are able to complete commercially viable fusion power plants, then they have the potential to upend trillion-dollar markets.

The bullish wave buoying the fusion industry has been driven by three advances: more powerful computer chips, more sophisticated AI, and powerful high-temperature superconducting magnets. Together, they have helped deliver more sophisticated reactor designs, better simulations, and more complex control schemes.

It doesn’t hurt that, at the end of 2022, a U.S. Department of Energy lab announced that it had produced a controlled fusion reaction that produced more power than the lasers had imparted to the fuel pellet. The experiment had crossed what’s known as scientific breakeven, and while it’s still a long ways from commercial breakeven, where the reaction produces more than the entire facility consumes, it was a long-awaited step that proved the underlying science was sound.

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Founders have built on that momentum in recent years, pushing the private fusion industry forward at a rapid pace. Below is a list of startups that have raised over $100 million in committed capital from private investors, according to data provided to TechCrunch by FusionX.

A graph showing the top funded fusion power startups as of August 15, 2028.
Image Credits:Tim De Chant

Commonwealth Fusion Systems

Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS) has raised about a third of all private capital invested in fusion companies to date. Its latest round, which closed in July, added $1 billion to its coffers, bringing its total raised to $3.94 billion, according to FusionX.

CFS’s catapulted into the lead in 2021 with a $1.8 billion Series B. Since then, the startup has been hard at work in Massachusetts building Sparc, its first-of-a-kind power plant intended to produce power at what it calls “commercially relevant” levels. The company says Sparc should reach scientific breakeven — also known as Q > 1 — sometime in 2027.

Sparc’s reactor is a tokamak design, which resembles a doughnut. The D-shaped cross section is wound with high-temperature superconducting tape, which, when energized, generates a powerful magnetic field that will contain and compress the superheated plasma. Heat generated from the reaction is converted to steam to power a turbine. CFS designed its magnets in collaboration with MIT, where co-founder and CEO Bob Mumgaard worked as a researcher on fusion reactor designs and high-temperature superconductors.

The Massachusetts-based CFS expects to have Sparc operational in late 2026 or early 2027. Later this decade, the company says it will begin construction on Arc, its commercial power plant that will produce 400 megawatts of electricity. The facility will be built near Richmond, Virginia, and Google has agreed to buy half its output.

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CFS is backed by a long list of investors, including Breakthrough Energy Ventures, The Engine, Bill Gates, and others.

Helion

Of all fusion startups, Helion has the most aggressive timeline. The company plans to produce electricity from its reactor in 2028. Its first customer? Microsoft.

Helion, based in Everett, Washington, uses a type of reactor called a field-reversed configuration, where magnets surround a reaction chamber that looks like an hourglass with a bulge at the point where the two sides come together. At each end of the hourglass, the reactor spins the plasma into doughnut shapes that are shot toward each other at more than 1 million mph. When they collide in the middle, additional magnets help induce fusion. When fusion occurs, it boosts the plasma’s own magnetic field, which induces an electrical current inside the reactor’s magnetic coils. That electricity is then harvested directly from the machine.

The company most recently raised $465 million in June in a Series G that valued the company at $15.5 billion. Its previous round, announced in January 2025, totaled $425 million. Altogether, Helion has raised $3.2 billion in committed capital, according to FusionX. Investors include Sam Altman, SoftBank Vision Fund 2, Reid Hoffman, KKR, BlackRock, Peter Thiel’s Mithril Capital Management, and Capricorn Investment Group.

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TAE Technologies

Founded in 1998, TAE Technologies (formerly known as Tri Alpha Energy) was spun out of the University of California, Irvine by Norman Rostoker. It uses a field-reversed configuration, but with a twist: after the two plasma shots collide in the middle of the reactor, the company bombards the plasma with particle beams to keep it spinning in a cigar shape. That improves the stability of the plasma, allowing more time for fusion to occur and for more heat to be extracted to spin a turbine. 

In December 2025, TAE announced that it would merge with President Donald Trump’s social media company, Trump Media & Technology Group. The all-stock transaction would value the combined company at $6 billion. TAE would receive $200 million plus another $100 million upon filing paperwork with the Securities and Exchange Commission. When the deal was announced, the companies said the combined entity would be led by two co-CEOs, TAE CEO Michl Binderbauer and Trump Media’s CEO, which is currently Kevin McGurn, who is serving in an interim capacity.

The fusion startup had previously raised $150 million in June 2025 from existing investors, including Google, Chevron, and New Enterprise. Prior to the merger announcement, TAE had raised a total of $1.65 billion, according to FusionX.

Pacific Fusion

Pacific Fusion burst out of the gate with a Series A that topped $1 billion, the startup has told TechCrunch. That’s a whopping sum even among well-funded fusion startups. The company will use inertial confinement to achieve fusion, but instead of lasers compressing the fuel, it will use coordinated electromagnetic pulses. The trick is in the timing: All 156 impedance-matched Marx generators need to produce 2 terawatts for 100 nanoseconds, and those pulses need to simultaneously converge on the target.

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The company is led by CEO Eric Lander, the scientist who led the Human Genome Project, and chief scientist Will Regan. Pacific Fusion’s funding might be massive, but the startup hasn’t gotten it all at once. Rather, its investors will pay out in tranches when the company achieves specified milestones, an approach that’s common in biotech.

Proxima Fusion

Most investors have favored large startups that are pursuing tokamak designs or some flavor of inertial confinement. But stellarators have shown great promise in scientific experiments, including the Wendelstein 7-X reactor in Germany.

Proxima Fusion is making the most of its proximity to the successful experiment, raising more than $682.9 million across rounds, according to FusionX. The most recent round, which was announced in July, valued the company at $2.7 billion. Investors include Google, RWE, Balderton Capital, Cherry Ventures, East X Ventures, and XTX Ventures.

Stellarators are similar to tokamaks in that they confine plasma in a ring-like shape using powerful magnets. But they do it with a twist — literally. Rather than force plasma into a human-designed ring, stellarators twist and bulge to accommodate the plasma’s quirks. The result should be a plasma that remains stable for longer, increasing the chances of fusion reactions.

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Proxima is planning to complete Alpha, it’s net-energy demonstrator, in the early 2030s, and Stellaris, it’s commercial power plant, later that decade.

Shine Technologies

Shine Technologies is taking a cautious — and possibly pragmatic — approach to generating fusion power. Selling electrons from a fusion power plant is years off, so instead, it’s starting by selling neutron testing and medical isotopes. More recently, it has been developing a way to recycle radioactive waste. Shine hasn’t picked an approach for a future fusion reactor, instead saying that it’s developing necessary skills for when that time comes.

The company has raised a total of $1 billion, according to PitchBook. Investors include Energy Ventures Group, Koch Disruptive Technologies, Nucleation Capital, and the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation. The company most recently raised a $240 million round in February led by NantWorks with participation from investors including Deerfield Management, Fidelity Management & Research Company, Oaktree Capital Management, Pelican Energy Partners, and the Sumitomo Corporation of Americas.

Inertia Enterprises

Only one fusion experiment, the National Ignition Facility (NIF), has surpassed scientific breakeven, and the chief scientist of that endeavor, Annie Kritcher, is part of Inertia Enterprises‘ founding team. She’s joined by Mike Dunne, a Stanford professor, and Jeff Lawson, who co-founded Twilio and currently owns The Onion. In April, the startup signed three agreements to commercialize the technology developed at the NIF.

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Inertia plans to use lasers to bombard fusion fuel pellets, an inertial confinement design that echoes the one Kritcher successfully used at the NIF. Inertia Enterprises emerged from stealth in February with $450 million in Series A funding in a round led by Bessemer Venture Partners with participation from GV, Modern Capital, Threshold Ventures, and others.

General Fusion

Now in its third decade, General Fusion has raised over $442 million, according to FuionX data. The Richmond, British Columbia-based company was founded in 2002 by physicist Michel Laberge, who wanted to prove a different approach to fusion known as magnetized target fusion (MTF). Investors include Jeff Bezos, Temasek, BDC Capital, and Chrysalix Venture Capital.

In a General Fusion’s reactor, a liquid metal wall surrounds a chamber in which plasma is injected. Pistons surrounding the wall push it inward, compressing the plasma inside and sparking a fusion reaction. The resulting neutrons heat the liquid metal, which can be circulated through a heat exchanger to generate steam to spin a turbine.

General Fusion hit a rough patch in spring 2025. The company ran short of cash as it was building LM26, its latest device that it hoped would hit breakeven in 2026. Just days after hitting a key milestone, it laid off 25% of its staff. CEO Greg Twinney penned an open letter pleading for funding from investors. 

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In August 2025, they delivered somewhat, injecting $22 million in a pay-to-play round that one investor called “the least amount of capital possible” to keep General Fusion afloat. Then in November, securities filings in Canada revealed that the company had raised $51.1 million in SAFE notes from nearly 70 investors, the Globe and Mail reported.

In January, General Fusion said it would go public via a reverse merger with a special purpose acquisition company. The company listed on the Nasdaq on July 13, 2026, and the transaction net the company $127 million, per FusionX.

Zap Energy

Zap Energy isn’t using high-temperature superconducting magnets or super-powerful lasers to keep its plasma confined. Rather, it zaps the plasma (get it?) with an electric current, which then generates its own magnetic field. The magnetic field compresses the plasma to about 1 millimeter, at which point ignition occurs. The neutrons released by the fusion reaction bombard a liquid metal blanket that surrounds the reactor, heating it up. The liquid metal is then cycled through a heat exchanger, where it produces steam to drive a turbine.

The startup announced a partial pivot in April, saying it will pursue nuclear fission in addition to fusion, while also exploring a hybrid power plant that would blend both nuclear fusion and fission. It also hired a new CEO, Zabrina Johal, who has expertise in the fission industry. Zap claims the move will help it bring in revenue earlier than fusion alone.

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The Everett, Washington-based company has raised $325 million, according to FusionX. Backers include Bill Gates’ Breakthrough Energy Ventures, DCVC, Lowercarbon, Energy Impact Partners, Chevron Technology Ventures, and Bill Gates as an angel.

Tokamak Energy

Tokamak Energy takes the usual tokamak design — the doughnut shape — and squishes it, reducing its aspect ratio to the point where the outer bounds start resembling a sphere. Like many other tokamak-based startups, the company uses high-temperature superconducting magnets (the rare earth barium copper oxide, or REBCO, variety). Since its design is more compact than a traditional tokamak, it requires less in the way of magnets, which should reduce costs. 

The Oxfordshire, U.K.-based startup’s ST40 prototype, which looks like a large, steampunk Fabergé egg, generated an ultra-hot, 100-million degree Celsius plasma in 2022. Its next generation, Demo 4, is currently under construction and is intended to test the company’s magnets in “fusion power plant-relevant scenarios.” Tokamak Energy raised $125 million in November 2024 to continue its reactor design and expand its magnet business. In April, the startup said it would be supplying magnets for the U.K.’s STEP Fusion program, a government program that is working toward a spherical tokamak-based power plant.

In total, the company has raised $284 million according to FusionX. Its investors include Future Planet Capital, In-Q-Tel, Midven, and Capri-Sun founder Hans-Peter Wild, according to PitchBook.

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Focused Energy

Germany-based Focused Energy is another fusion startup that traces its lineage to the National Ignition Facility (NIF). In addition to using laser pulses to compress a fuel target, the company has hired Debbie Callahan as its chief strategy officer. Callahan helped design the fuel target at NIF. Her job at Focused Energy will be to figure out how to turn the NIF’s painstakingly crafted fuel target into something that can be mass manufactured at a rate of nearly 1 million per day.

Focused Energy raised an oversubscribed $240 million Series A in June, bringing its total private capital raised to $277 million, according to FusionX. The company has also received $200 million in grants. Investors include the German Federal Agency for Breakthrough Innovation (SPRIND), Prime Movers Lab, and the utility RWE, which has granted Focused Energy access to a decommissioned nuclear fission power plant it operates.

Marvel Fusion

Marvel Fusion follows the inertial confinement approach, the same basic technique that the National Ignition Facility used to prove that controlled nuclear fusion reactions could produce more power than was needed to kick them off. Marvel fires powerful lasers at a target embedded with silicon nanostructures that cascade under the bombardment, compressing the fuel to the point of ignition. Because the target is made using silicon, it should be relatively simple to manufacture, leaning on the semiconductor manufacturing industry’s decades of experience.

The inertial confinement fusion startup is building a demonstration facility in collaboration with Colorado State University, which it expects to have operational by 2027. Munich-based Marvel has raised a total of $208 million from investors including b2venture, Deutsche Telekom, Earlybird, and HV Capital with Taavet Hinrikus and Albert Wenger as angels.

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Type One Energy

Stellarator startup Type One Energy is planning to build a fusion reactor on the site of a retired Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) coal power plant. The magnetic confinement device is expected to generate 350 megawatts of electricity, and the company hopes to bring it online by the mid-2030s.

Unlike other fusion startups, Type One plans to sell key technology to organizations like the TVA, allowing them to build, own, and operate the equipment, similar to how many fossil fuel power plants are developed today. Type One has raised $174.5 million to date, according to FusionX, including an extended Series A that totaled $82.5 million. The startup is currently raising a $250 million Series B.

Kyoto Fusioneering

With all the startups pursuing fusion power, it was perhaps inevitable that another would pop up to develop components that round out a power plant. The so-called balance of plant, or the parts that sit outside the reactor, range from gyrotrons that heat plasma to heat extraction systems to harvest power from fusion reactions to turn it into electricity. 

Kyoto Fusioneering has made an early bet that if even one fusion startup succeeds in generating enough power to sell to the grid, that the industry will need a supplier for the balance of plant and the expertise to integrate it into whichever fusion technologies win out.

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Venture capitalists appear to agree, having invested $121 million in Kyoto Fusioneering, per FuxionX. Investors include 31Ventures, In-Q-Tel, JIC Venture Growth Investments, Mitsubishi, and Sumitomo Mitsui Trust Investment, according to PitchBook.

First Light Fusion

Unlike many other fusion startups, First Light Fusion doesn’t use magnets to generate the conditions necessary for fusion. Instead, it follows an approach known as inertial confinement, in which fusion fuel pellets are compressed until they ignite. 

But even then, First Light doesn’t hew to orthodoxy. Most attempts at inertial confinement use lasers to do the dirty work, following the lead of the National Ignition Facility, which produced a groundbreaking experiment in 2022. First Light had previously planned to fire a projectile at a target using a two-stage gun, but it has since dropped those plans

Currently, First Light says it is offering its core technologies to other companies looking to build an inertial confinement power plant. A spokesperson for First Light said that it is planning to build “pulsed power capability that would act as our demonstrator plant but would have other science and defense applications.”

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Based in Oxfordshire, U.K., First Light has raised $140 million, per FusionX data Its investors include Invesco, IP Group, and Tencent, according to PitchBook.

Thea Energy

Thea Energy is betting its pixel-inspired magnets will help it build a stellarator for less money. Stellarators can keep plasmas burning for long periods of time — a boon when it comes to running a commercial power plant — but to do so, they require twisty magnetic fields. Most stellarators build magnets that mimic that complex shape, but Thea Energy thinks that by wreathing its doughnut-shaped reactor in dozens of smaller magnets, it can use control software to create the necessary kinks.

In May, Thea raised $100 million in a Series B led by the U.S. Innovative Technology Fund, just over two years after a $20 million Series A. Across all rounds, the startup has raised $120 million in private capital. Other investors include Prelude Ventures, Lowercarbon Capital, Hitachi Ventures, and Emerald Technology Ventures.

Xcimer

Though nothing about fusion can be described as simple, Xcimer takes a relatively straightforward approach: follow the basic science that’s behind the National Ignition Facility’s breakthrough net-positive experiment and redesign the technology that underpins it from the ground up. The Colorado-based startup is planning to build a 10-megajoule laser system, 5x more powerful than the NIF setup that made history. Molten salt walls surround the reaction chamber, absorbing heat and protecting the first solid wall from damage. In June, Xcimer turned on Phoenix, a prototype system that it says is the most powerful privately owned laser in the world.

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Founded in July 2022, Xcimer has raised $101 million from investors, including Hedosophia, Breakthrough Energy Ventures, Emerson Collective, Gigascale Capital, and Lowercarbon Capital.

This story was originally published in September 2024 and will be continually updated.

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Retrospec Joe Rev 2 Review (2026): Putting the ‘Joy’ in Joyride

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The entry-level Joe Rev was created in this same spirit—a full-sized, BMX-inspired frame with fun color options (electric blue, matte gray), 3-inch tan wall balloon tires, and those unmistakable handlebars. There are no apps or fancy readouts, no lights, and no shocks. Just five levels of pedal assist and a throttle attached to a single-speed drivetrain and 750-watt rear-hub motor.

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Photograph: Kat Merck

“No cream, no sugar” is even printed on the chain stays, lest one forget the minimalist doctrine. On the plus side, this lack of bones allows the Joe Rev 2 to weigh in on the lighter side at 56 pounds.

This is the second iteration of the original Joe Rev, which is still available (for now) at the sale price of $1,200. The Rev 2 sports a bigger 500 Wh battery with a listed 60-mile range (up from 48 miles) and an updated display. Namely, a 2-by-2.5-inch LCD screen on the left handlebar displaying power level, battery life, and speed, as opposed to the original’s bare-basic hub with buttons.

The battery can be quickly locked and unlocked from the bottom of the frame with a key and charges from red to full green in several hours; it weighs about 7 pounds, so it’s easy enough to carry in a backpack, though at 18 inches long, it could be a tight fit if your bag is already packed.

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Photograph: Kat Merck

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Photograph: Kat Merck

Teen Spirit

At one point during the testing period, my almost-14-year-old son, who is 5’ 10” and 145 pounds, took the Joe Rev 2 out on a full battery to see how long he could ride in our town of hills. We were all surprised to find he hit the red “recharge” light in about 20 miles. It shouldn’t have been too much of a shock, given that the hills were steep, and he was using the throttle primarily. But it is a good reminder that, like all ebikes, the Joe Rev 2’s range will vary dramatically depending on rider weight, speed, and conditions.

Interestingly, there’s an ominous warning sticker on the Joe Rev’s frame that states no one under 16 is to ride this bike. It does have pedals and a maximum speed of 20 mph, making it a Class 2 ebike—legal in many, if not, most states for kids under 16.

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Samsung says Claude Code can cut chip design work from weeks to days, but it still makes serious mistakes

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Bottom line: Samsung has begun using Anthropic’s Claude Code in semiconductor design and verification work over the last few months, and the tool has sharply reduced the time required for some engineering tasks. But the company has also encountered errors, including unintended changes and attempts to alter code outside the scope of an assignment. Those issues have kept Samsung’s engineers directly involved in reviewing Claude Code’s output before it can affect a broader chip design.

Claude Code has helped Samsung’s System LSI division complete work that would usually take weeks in a matter of days, according to a report in Chosun Biz. But it has also lowered the severity of error messages instead of fixing the underlying problems, rolled back unrelated completed work, and attempted to modify circuit code it was not meant to touch.

One reported success involved checking the internal data connections of a custom system-on-chip. Nonstandard documentation and a delayed DRAM controller RTL design complicated the work. Claude Code helped engineers create a virtual verification environment, using placeholder blocks for the missing RTL, and develop test scenarios before the full design was available.

The project would normally have taken more than a month, but was completed in about two days, according to the report.

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In another case, a second-year engineer used Claude Code to create USB device models for an emulator and adapt an Android driver. The work usually takes about a month, but was reportedly completed in one day.

But Claude Code has also made mistakes. In one case, the AI responded to an error by changing its classification from an error to an informational message rather than correcting it. In another, a request to reverse a feature led the tool to undo unrelated work that had already been completed. It also tried to change register-transfer level (RTL) circuit code without authorization.

The report also noted that Samsung’s System LSI division has about 6,000 employees, compared with around 52,000 at Qualcomm. AI could help Samsung improve development efficiency despite its much smaller workforce.

Claude Code is part of Samsung’s broader effort to use generative AI across its operations. The company also uses tools such as Google Gemini and ChatGPT in research and development, manufacturing, marketing, and support.

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