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Vitalik: New Ethereum Design Targets Censorship With FOCIL and EIP-8141

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Nexo Partners with Bakkt for US Crypto Exchange and Yield Programs

TLDR:

  • FOCIL and EIP-8141 allow smart wallet and privacy transactions to reach blocks without wrappers or intermediaries.
  • Randomized includers reduce proposer dominance and increase censorship resistance for all Ethereum transactions.
  • Rapid inclusion within one or two slots becomes likely even under hostile network behavior.
  • Future FOCIL expansion could support most block transactions while preserving MEV auction mechanics.

Ethereum is moving closer to censorship-resistant transaction inclusion after new technical links emerged between FOCIL and EIP-8141. 

The update focuses on ensuring that all transaction types reach the blockchain quickly, even under hostile network conditions. It also expands how smart accounts and privacy protocols interact with block production. 

The development highlights Ethereum’s push to reduce proposer power while keeping network incentives intact.

How FOCIL and EIP-8141 Enable Direct Transaction Inclusion

According to a post shared by CEO Vitalik Buterin, FOCIL works alongside EIP-8141 to make smart accounts and privacy tools first-class transaction senders.

EIP-8141 builds on account abstraction by allowing smart wallets to submit transactions directly onchain without wrappers or intermediaries. These accounts can support multisignature controls, quantum-resistant keys, and gas sponsorship.

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FOCIL then ensures that these transactions gain rapid inclusion through randomly selected includers each slot. In every block, up to 17 actors can include transactions, instead of relying on a single proposer.

Vitalik noted that this structure creates a path for almost guaranteed inclusion within one or two slots. It also allows privacy protocol transactions to enter blocks through the public mempool without relying on broadcasters or relayers.

Why FOCIL and EIP-8141 Weaken Proposer Control

FOCIL currently limits each inclusion list to about 8 kilobytes, keeping the design lightweight in its first phase. However, the roadmap allows these lists to grow and potentially carry most transactions in future blocks.

The approach mirrors some features of multiple concurrent proposer models without removing proposer-builder separation. Instead, it preserves the MEV auction for the final ordering role through ePBS.

Even if all proposer slots were captured by a hostile entity, transactions would still reach blocks through FOCIL includers. This reduces the ability of any single actor to block or discriminate against certain applications.

The design shifts power away from centralized block producers while keeping economic incentives stable. It also protects smart wallet operations and privacy protocol activity from selective exclusion.

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Developers say the combination strengthens the base layer against censorship without forcing changes to existing transaction flows. Transactions from smart accounts can move through the public mempool and directly reach includers.

With these changes, ETH positions itself to support a wider range of transaction types under adversarial conditions. The update reinforces ongoing work on account abstraction and block inclusion guarantees.

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Crypto World

Bitcoin Holders Defend Range as $55K Floor Looms: Glassnode

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Cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin Price, Bitcoin Analysis, Markets, Cryptocurrency Exchange, Price Analysis, Supply, Market Analysis, Liquidity, Total Supply

Bitcoin’s (BTC) market structure shifted into a corrective phase after losing a key onchain valuation level in late January.

Glassnode data shows that BTC’s price is compressing within a 2024-era demand zone as liquidity conditions soften. At the same time, BTC’s supply is steadily shifting into long-term, retail-linked wallets while exchange activity has cooled.

This mix of technical and onchain data, along with the current capital rotation, may shape the next steps for Bitcoin price.

Bitcoin lost its active supply cost price, but holders defend $60,000

In its weekly “The Week On-chain” report, Glassnode said that BTC’s recent price dip accelerated due to breaking below its true market mean near $79,000 in January, which is the cost basis of the tracked active supply. 

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Since then, the price has stabilized inside a dense $60,000 to $69,000 range, which is being defended by medium-term holders. One of the reasons this zone has been a strong support is because of the age of coins within this range for the majority of 2024.

Cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin Price, Bitcoin Analysis, Markets, Cryptocurrency Exchange, Price Analysis, Supply, Market Analysis, Liquidity, Total Supply
BTC long-term holder cost basis distribution heatmap. Source: Glassnode

Coins accumulated in that range have aged more than a year, placing a large cohort close to breakeven. This supply may be acting as a backstop on the current sell pressure. 

Market analyst Ardi pointed to a similar dynamic, writing on X:

“We’re trading inside the same $53-73K range that took 245 days to build last year. Think about how much volume went through this zone. This is the most contested zone on BTC’s entire chart right now.”

Glassnode also highlighted that, in past cycles, deeper bear phases have gravitated toward the realized price, which now stands near $54,900. The metric estimates the average acquisition cost of all circulating coins.

Bitcoin’s liquidity conditions also remain compressed. The 90-day realized profit/loss ratio has declined back into the 1–2 range, a level associated with limited capital rotation. A sustained move below 1 has aligned with stressed bear environments.

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Cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin Price, Bitcoin Analysis, Markets, Cryptocurrency Exchange, Price Analysis, Supply, Market Analysis, Liquidity, Total Supply
BTC realized profit/loss ratio. (90D average). Source: Glassnode

Related: Google searches for ‘Bitcoin going to zero’ at highest since 2022

BTC accumulation rises even as activity slows down

CryptoQuant data shows that the balances held by accumulating address cohorts have continued rising into early 2026. Total BTC held by these cohorts has expanded to over 4 million BTC, up from roughly 2 million BTC in early 2024, which reflects a steady supply absorption.

Cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin Price, Bitcoin Analysis, Markets, Cryptocurrency Exchange, Price Analysis, Supply, Market Analysis, Liquidity, Total Supply
BTC balance held by different accumulating cohorts. Source: CryptoQuant

The retail-linked accumulation addresses have increased their holdings by 850,000 BTC, while the accumulating pattern wallets, addresses that steadily add BTC in recurring intervals with minimal outflows, increased their size to 1.27 million BTC. This expansion occurred even as the price dropped in 2026.

In contrast, the inflows from centralized-exchange addresses and highly active addresses have moderated. Compared with the 2023 to 2024 expansion phases, where inflow spikes frequently exceeded 1.2 million to 1.5 million BTC, the recent activity has remained significantly lower, averaging 300,000 BTC to 400,000 BTC.

Cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin Price, Bitcoin Analysis, Markets, Cryptocurrency Exchange, Price Analysis, Supply, Market Analysis, Liquidity, Total Supply
Bitcoin inflows by address activity type. Source: CryptoQuant

The divergence shows that more BTC is being absorbed into long-term wallets while fewer coins are rotating through major exchanges. That reduces the liquid supply and slows down short-term trading activity.

Related: Bitcoin’s consolidation nears ‘turning point’ as $70K comes in focus: Analyst