Crypto World
BTC difficulty jumps 15% largest increase since 2021, despite price slump
Bitcoin mining difficulty has climbed to 144.4 trillion (T), up 15%, the largest percentage increase since 2021, when the China mining ban led to a major disruption, which followed a 22% upward adjustment as the network stabilized.
Difficulty adjustments measure how hard it is to mine a new block on the network. It recalibrates every 2,016 blocks, roughly every two weeks, to ensure blocks continue to be produced about every 10 minutes, regardless of changes in the hashrate.
The adjustment follows a 12% decline in difficulty after a drop in the bitcoin hashrate, which is the total computational power securing the network. Mining activity suffered its sharpest setback since late 2021 after a severe winter storm in the United States forced several major operators to scale back operations.
In October, when bitcoin reached an all-time high of around $126,500, the hashrate also peaked at 1.1 zettahash per second (ZH/s). As prices fell to as low as $60,000 in February, the hashrate dropped to 826 exahash per second (EH/s). Since then, the hashrate has recovered to 1 ZH/s while the price has rebounded to around $67,000.
At the same time, hashprice, the estimated daily revenue miners earn per unit of hashrate, remains at multi-year lows ($23.9 PH/s), squeezing profitability.
Despite this profitability pressure, large-scale operators with access to low-cost energy continue to mine aggressively. The United Arab Emirates, for example, is sitting on roughly $344 million in unrealized profit from its mining operations.
Well-capitalized entities that can mine efficiently are helping keep the hashrate elevated and resilient, even amid subdued bitcoin prices.
Bitdeer Technologies Group (NASDAQ: BTDR), a Singapore-based operator of data centers and Bitcoin (CRYPTO: BTC) mining infrastructure, unveiled a private placement of US$300 million in convertible senior notes, with an option for purchasers to subscribe to an additional US$45 million. The offering marks Bitdeer’s second convertible debt sale since a US$150 million issue in April 2024, a move that coincided with a notable decline in the stock price at the time. The notes are scheduled to mature in 2032, carry semiannual interest payments, and can be converted into cash, shares, or a combination of both. Proceeds are earmarked for data-center expansion, AI cloud growth, the development of mining rigs, and general corporate purposes. Bitdeer operates globally, with data centers in the United States, Norway, and Bhutan, while maintaining its headquarters in Singapore.
Key takeaways
- The company is offering US$300 million in convertible senior notes, with a potential additional US$45 million via private placement.
- These notes mature in 2032, are senior unsecured, and pay semiannual interest; holders may convert to cash, stock, or a mix.
- The funds will support data-center expansion, AI cloud initiatives, mining-rig development, and general corporate purposes.
- This is Bitdeer’s second convertible-note sale, following a US$150 million offering in April 2024 that coincided with a roughly 18% drop in the stock at the time.
- To offset potential dilution, the deal includes capped-call transactions and a concurrent registered direct share offering aimed at repurchasing notes due in 2029.
- Traders punished Bitdeer shares on the news, with the stock down about 17% on the session before closing near the year’s lows.
Tickers mentioned: $BTDR, $BTC
Sentiment: Bearish
Price impact: Negative. Bitdeer’s stock fell roughly 17% on the news, underscoring dilution concerns and investor sensitivity to capital-structure changes.
Trading idea (Not Financial Advice): Hold. The combination of convertible issuance and dilution-offset mechanisms warrants caution, even as the proceeds underpin ambitious expansion plans.
Market context: The transaction reflects a broader pattern among crypto miners financing growth with convertible debt, a structure that can dilute equity if notes convert and that often arrives with offsetting strategies to manage equity dilution.
Why it matters
The planned private placement of convertible notes signals Bitdeer’s continued appetite for aggressive expansion in a capital-intensive sector. By targeting data-center capacity and AI cloud services alongside mining-rig development, the company is positioning itself to scale its infrastructure footprint in multiple jurisdictions. The convertible structure offers investors upside if the stock appreciates, while providing downside protection through bond characteristics. However, the potential for future dilution remains a live concern for existing shareholders, especially if the notes are converted as Bitdeer’s equity price strengthens.
From a corporate-finance perspective, the use of convertible debt aligns with investor demand for instruments that balance debt-like safety with equity-like upside. The inclusion of capped-call transactions is designed to mitigate dilution, but it does not eliminate the fundamental trade-off between raising capital and preserving share value. The concurrent share offering intended to repurchase notes due in 2029 adds another layer of capital-management activity, signaling a deliberate attempt to optimize the capital stack while pursuing growth objectives.
For market participants, the development underscores how mining-focused operators are navigating a landscape where capital-structure decisions can materially impact stock performance. As miners race to expand capacity and enter adjacent growth areas like AI cloud services, financing decisions—particularly those involving convertibles—will continue to draw scrutiny from investors who weigh dilution risk against potential long-term value creation. The broader environment for crypto equities remains sensitive to macro signals, sector volatility, and regulatory developments, making the next steps for Bitdeer—such as the final terms of the private placement and the effectiveness of dilution-offset strategies—worth watching closely.
What to watch next
- Closing terms and timing of the US$300 million convertible note offering, including whether the additional US$45 million private placement is exercised.
- Results and milestones tied to data-center expansion and AI cloud initiatives, including capacity additions and any operational KPIs.
- Details of the capped-call transactions and how they are structured to offset dilution, along with the timing and terms of the concurrent registered direct share offering to repurchase 2029 notes.
- Any further commentary from Bitdeer on its use of proceeds and how debt financing affects its capital-structure strategy amid ongoing market volatility for crypto equities.
Sources & verification
- Bitdeer announces proposed private placement of US$300 million convertible notes. https://ir.bitdeer.com/news-releases/news-release-details/bitdeer-announces-proposed-private-placement-us3000-million-0
- Strategy to equitize convertible debt over next 3-6 years: Saylor. https://cointelegraph.com/magazine/strategy-plans-equitize-convertible-debt-over-next-3-6-years-saylor
- What are convertible senior notes? How MicroStrategy uses them to buy Bitcoin. https://cointelegraph.com/explained/what-are-convertible-senior-notes-how-microstrategy-uses-them-to-buy-bitcoin
- Bitdeer Ohio mining facility fire stock coverage. https://cointelegraph.com/news/bitdeer-ohio-mining-facility-fire-stock
- Bitdeer 150m notes offering expansion stock drop. https://cointelegraph.com/news/bitdeer-150m-notes-offering-expansion-stock-drop
Debt financing and expansion goals drive Bitdeer’s latest convertible note offering
Bitdeer Technologies Group (NASDAQ: BTDR), a Singapore-based operator of data centers and Bitcoin (CRYPTO: BTC) mining infrastructure, has unveiled a private placement of US$300 million in convertible senior notes, with a potential extension of up to US$45 million via a private placement. The move marks Bitdeer’s second foray into convertible debt after a US$150 million offering in April 2024, an issue that coincided with a sharp retreat in the company’s share price. The newly proposed notes carry a maturity date in 2032, and they are described as senior unsecured obligations with semiannual interest payments. In a convertible arrangement, investors can choose to convert their holds into cash, shares, or a combination of both, depending on the terms at issue and market conditions at the time of conversion.
The use of convertible notes taps into a common financing channel for crypto miners seeking to fund rapid capacity expansion without immediately diluting equity. Bitdeer’s stated use of proceeds—data-center expansion, AI cloud growth, mining-rig development, and general corporate purposes—highlights a strategy focused on bolstering both scale and diversification beyond strictly mining revenues. The company’s operations span multiple geographies, with data centers in the United States, Norway, and Bhutan, underscoring the geographic footprint often required to manage energy costs, regulatory considerations, and resilience in a capital-intensive industry.
The market’s reaction to the announcement was swift. Bitdeer’s stock moved lower on the news, underscoring investor anxiety around potential dilution and the timing of a sizable capital raise. The announcement also references the company’s earlier convertible-note activity; the April 2024 US$150 million offering previously produced an 18% slide in the share price, illustrating how these structures can be priced into equity performance even when the underlying business objectives are growth-oriented. To partially counteract dilution, Bitdeer plans to employ capped call transactions as part of the convertible-note framework, a technique often used to mitigate the dilution impact when notes convert to equity. In parallel, the company is pursuing a registered direct share offering tied to a program to repurchase a portion of its existing convertible notes due in 2029, highlighting an ongoing effort to manage the capital stack in a way that blends financing flexibility with equity preservation.
In the broader context, this approach mirrors a recurring theme among mining and crypto infrastructure players who rely on convertible debt to finance expansion while attempting to shield existing shareholders from excessive dilution. Market observers will be watching not only the terms of the 2032 notes but also the practical effectiveness of the capped-call strategy and the impact of the 2029-note repurchase plan on Bitdeer’s future earnings and share count. The situation also sits within a larger narrative about how crypto-focused companies balance growth ambitions with the need for disciplined capital management amid fluctuating crypto prices and evolving regulatory signals.
Bitcoin price is on the edge again.
Price swings are getting crazy, and it’s sitting around $67,400 like it’s not sure which way to jump. Traders are nervous. Really nervous.
On Polymarket, bettors now put the odds of a U.S. strike on Iran this month at 61%. Crypto felt it fast. Liquidations rolled in. Risk-off mode kicked on. And suddenly, everyone’s playing defense.
Key Takeaways
The Signal: Polymarket bettors price in a 61% chance of imminent US military action.
The Risk: Short-Term Holder SOPR has dipped below 1.0, indicating panic selling at a loss.
The Impact: Bitcoin risks breaking critical $65,000 support if conflict escalates this weekend.
Why Is This Happening Now?
Tensions between Washington and Tehran feels almost certain now.
Reports say the Pentagon has strike options ready after nuclear talks stalled. That kind of headline pushes investors straight into gold and cash. Risk assets get dumped first.
On chain data backs it up. The Short Term Holder SOPR is below 1. That means recent buyers are selling at a loss just to get out.
Add in uncertainty around possible Fed policy tweaks and you get a messy mix. Geopolitics plus macro pressure. While the US Iran story dominates, Bitcoin is trading like a classic risk asset, with sharp intraday drops and fragile sentiment.
What Does This Mean for Bitcoin Price?
Bitcoin is leaning hard on the $66,000 to $65,729 support zone. Lose that on a daily close and $60,000 comes into focus fast.
The short term Sharpe ratio has flipped negative, showing ugly risk adjusted returns during the panic. Nearly $80M in longs have already been wiped out since the drop from $70,000.
While retail is dumping, some political insiders are floating massive long term targets. That hints whales may see this dip as opportunity. Arthur Hayes also pointed to Treasury liquidity dynamics that could support crypto once the dust settles.
Volatility into the weekend looks guaranteed. But talks in Oman on Friday could change the tone. If tensions cool, a sharp relief rally could trap late shorts.
Discover: Here are the crypto likely to explode!
The post If War With Iran Is Almost Certain, How Might Bitcoin Price React? appeared first on Cryptonews.
MYX Finance delivered one of the most aggressive intraday rallies in the crypto market this week. After nearly two weeks of persistent decline, the altcoin surged 90% in less than 12 hours. The sharp reversal caught short sellers off guard and reignited speculative interest.
The rally followed news of MYX Finance’s strategic funding round led by Consensys, with participation from Consensys Mesh and Systemic Ventures. The announcement came ahead of the MYX V2 launch. Investors interpreted the backing as a validation of long-term viability, triggering immediate demand.
MYX Finance’s Recovery Was Foretold
BeInCrypto’s analysis highlighted how a rebound was already likely. The Money Flow Index, which measures buying and selling pressure using price and volume, fell below the 20.0 threshold. This marked the first time MYX entered extreme oversold territory since launch.
Oversold readings often indicate selling exhaustion. When MFI drops under 20.0, downside momentum typically weakens. The data suggested that panic-driven distribution had reached saturation. As selling pressure faded, fresh accumulation began, creating the conditions for a sharp recovery.
Want more token insights like this? Sign up for Editor Harsh Notariya’s Daily Crypto Newsletter here.
Derivatives positioning reinforces the bullish shift. The liquidation map shows MYX contracts currently skewed toward long exposure. Approximately $2.46 million in long positions are active, reflecting growing optimism among traders.
Funding rates have also turned positive. Positive funding indicates that long traders are paying to maintain positions. This dynamic signals confidence in continued upside. However, elevated leverage can increase volatility if momentum stalls.
MYX Price Needs To Breach a Few Barriers
MYX price surged 90% on Friday, pushing the 24-hour gain to 70.6%. At the time of writing, the token trades at $1.74. The move partially offsets the 87% correction recorded over the previous 12 days.
The next resistance stands at $1.82. A decisive break above this level could open the path toward $2.28. Sustained volume and capital inflows will be necessary to validate the breakout. Without confirmation, upside may remain fragile.
If the rally was fueled primarily by speculation surrounding the funding round, selling pressure could return quickly. A failure to sustain gains may send MYX back toward $1.01. Such a decline would invalidate the bullish thesis and erase much of the recent recovery.
Blockchain transaction data tied to cryptocurrency payments may provide an early signal of emerging drug crises, according to a new report from blockchain analytics firm Chainalysis.
The study, which examined illicit market activity across darknet drug and fraud ecosystems, found that crypto flows connected to darknet markets reached nearly $2.6 billion in 2025, showing that online drug markets continue to operate at scale despite repeated law-enforcement takedowns. Vendors typically receive payments from personal wallets and centralized exchanges.
Beyond measuring criminal activity, Chainalysis argued that the data can track real-world health outcomes. Crypto payments to suppliers of fentanyl precursor chemicals declined sharply beginning in mid-2023. Months later, overdose deaths also fell in the United States and Canada after peaking in 2023.
According to the report, monitoring transactions linked to precursor suppliers could provide three to six months of advance warning before overdose trends appear in official public-health statistics.
Crypto drug purchases linked to higher hospitalizations
The analysis also compared transaction data with Canadian hospital records. Small payments of less than $500 showed no clear relationship with emergency visits or deaths. Larger transfers were associated with rising stimulant-related hospitalizations and fatalities, suggesting the transactions likely reflect bulk purchasing or redistribution rather than personal consumption.
Related: Crypto launderers are turning away from centralized exchanges: Chainalysis
“Money moves before the crisis hits. People buy drugs before they redistribute them, and users consume them before they overdose and require medical care,” the report said, adding that since blockchain records update instantly, they can serve as a high-fidelity “early warning system.”
The report also revealed that following the closure of Abacus Market in July 2025, activity quickly migrated to successor platforms such as TorZon. It said that vendors routinely resupply across platforms and relocate after disruptions.
Related: Moonwell hit by $1.78M exploit as AI vibe coding debate reaches DeFi
Fraud shop volumes drop to $87.5 million
Fraud marketplaces showed a different trend. Onchain volumes fell from about $205 million to $87.5 million year-over-year after infrastructure takedowns, but activity shifted toward wholesale operations, particularly Chinese-language networks operating on Telegram that handle large bulk sales of stolen payment data.
Chainalysis reported Friday that crypto transactions linked to suspected human-trafficking networks rose 85% in 2025, reaching hundreds of millions of dollars. The activity was largely tied to Southeast Asia and closely connected to scam compounds, online casinos and Chinese-language money-laundering groups, per the report.
Magazine: Bitcoin may take 7 years to upgrade to post-quantum — BIP-360 co-author
An Australian executive has been accused of accepting cryptocurrency payments in exchange for selling sensitive cyber tools that threatened the national security of Five Eyes allies.
Summary
- An Australian executive received $1.26 million in crypto for selling eight protected cyber tools to a Russian broker.
- Prosecutors said the breach caused $35 million in losses and threatened the security of Five Eyes allies.
For those unaware, Five Eyes is a long-standing intelligence sharing alliance between the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.
According to a report from the Daily Telegraph, the accused Peter Williams sold eight protected cyber exploit components, including zero-day capabilities, to one of Russia’s most notorious exploit brokers for roughly $1.26 million worth of cryptocurrencies.
Williams later diverted these funds through anonymized crypto transactions to fund a lavish lifestyle of luxury cars, jewellery, and holidays, including a $1.5 million down payment for a Washington property.
Williams is a former Australian Air Force staffer and defence contractor who resided in the United States.
A sentencing memo published earlier this month claims Williams was set to receive additional payments of up to $4 million under his cooperation agreements with the Russian broker.
It added that Williams’ actions have resulted in losses amounting to $35 million as he repeatedly sold exploits through July 2025 even after he knew that the FBI had launched an investigation into the matter.
Prosecutors are pushing for a nine-year prison sentence and $35 million in mandatory restitution alongside a $250,000 fine and three years of supervised release.
Cryptocurrencies, due to their borderless nature and privacy features, allow transactions to be conducted outside of traditional financial surveillance frameworks. Multiple cases of crypto-linked espionage have surfaced over the past year.
Last year, Poland’s national security chief Sławomir Cenckiewicz alleged that Russia was using cryptocurrencies to fund espionage operations across European countries by recruiting local operatives.
Across the globe, an Israeli man was arrested in June 2025 for accepting crypto payments to spy on public officials in the country.
Meanwhile, U.S. Federal agencies began investigating a Beijing-based crypto mining firm in November over concerns around potential surveillance.
FXRP supply tops 100M, ~70% deployed in XRPFi DeFi via staking, lending, vaults.
Summary
- Nearly 100M XRP bridged as FXRP, with ~70% actively deployed in DeFi.
- Firelight holds about 21% of FXRP staked, while Upshift vaults scaled from ~$6M to ~$25M capacity.
- Lending via Kinetic and Morpho saw roughly $39M and $8M in early borrowing, deepening onchain liquidity.
Flare’s bid to become the execution layer for “XRPFi” just cleared a hard milestone: nearly 100 million XRP has now been bridged to the network as FXRP, with close to 70% of that capital actively deployed in DeFi rather than sitting idle.
Flare frames FXRP as ‘growing capital deployment’
Flare frames the 100 million FXRP mark as “growing capital deployment into XRPFi infrastructure rather than speculative bridging activity,” pointing to three concrete demand drivers. First is Firelight, an XRP staking and DeFi cover protocol where “21% of FXRP is currently staked,” with a fresh capital raise slated for this month. Second is structured vaults such as Upshift, where initial vault capacity “filled quickly, expanding from $6M to $25M in response to demand.” Third is lending across protocols like Kinetic and Morpho, which “saw roughly $39M and $8M in borrowing activity respectively within weeks of launch.”
Flare executives insist the pitch is full‑stack rather than a simple wrapped‑asset bridge. The network is “building an integrated XRPFi execution layer,” where FXRP “transforms XRP into programmable collateral that can move across lending markets, DEX liquidity, structured vaults, and cross‑chain environments.” Crucially, they emphasize that FXRP “is not confined to a single execution domain” and can extend into environments such as HyperEVM and Ethereum while maintaining “onchain collateralization and issuance transparency.” Wallet, custody, and DeFi integrations are being designed to “reduce operational friction for both crypto‑native and institutional participants,” a posture Flare says has already made it “the largest EVM ecosystem for XRP DeFi activity today,” a representative told crypto.news.
Recent integrations appear to be changing network behavior, not just narrative. Lending on Morpho and vault allocations via Upshift have “materially deepened onchain liquidity,” with structured strategies drawing “interest from exchanges and wallet providers” and pushing adoption “beyond individual users and into platform‑level capital allocation.” Firelight’s staking and risk‑coverage layers further “increase capital efficiency by allowing XRP to secure infrastructure while remaining economically productive.”
Looking ahead, Flare points to “continued lending expansion, deeper stablecoin liquidity, and additional vault integrations” as levers to “bridge onchain liquidity with regulated financial instruments” and push XRPFi into institutional territory.
Broader macro headwinds
This push comes as digital assets continue to trade as one of the purest expressions of macro risk appetite. Bitcoin (BTC) changes hands near $67,830, with a 24‑hour range between roughly $65,700 and $67,900 on more than $32.8B in volume. Ethereum (ETH) trades around $1,960, having swung between about $1,915 and $1,981 over the last day. XRP (XRP) sits close to $1.42, with a 24‑hour low near $1.35 and a recent high around $1.64 as liquidity thins. Solana (SOL) is quoted around $81.67, down about 4.5% on the day on more than $3.3B in turnover.
Additional crypto.news reporting on Flare’s FXRP rollout and XRP yield products can be found via Genfinity’s breakdown of the 100 million FXRP milestone, Phemex’s coverage of Flare’s mint, and CoinMarketCap’s look at the earnXRP vault strategy.
Crypto traders are bracing for fresh volatility as the U.S. prepares to release December Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) data, the Federal Reserve’s preferred inflation gauge, later today.
Summary
- Forecasters anticipate both headline and core PCE rising 0.37% in December (4.5% annualized), pushing core to 3.0% year-over-year — the highest since February 2025 — and headline to 2.9%, the highest since March 2024.
- BTC is trading around $67,852, up 1.27% on the day, with RSI at 36.86, recovering from oversold levels but still showing muted momentum as traders await macro direction.
- The BTC/ETH ratio stands at 34.5806, reflecting continued Bitcoin dominance as investors remain defensive ahead of the inflation print.
According to Wall Street Journal chief economics correspondent Nick Timiraos, forecasters expect both headline and core PCE to rise 0.37% month-over-month in December, equivalent to a 4.5% annualized pace. That would lift core PCE to 3.0% year-over-year, the highest since February 2025, while headline PCE is estimated at 2.9%, the highest since March 2024.
The median forecast aligns with those expectations: 0.37% month-over-month for both headline and core readings, compared with November’s softer 0.21% headline and 0.16% core increase.
For crypto markets, the implications are clear: a hotter-than-expected print could reinforce higher-for-longer rate expectations, pushing Treasury yields and the U.S. dollar higher, typically a headwind for risk assets including Bitcoin (BTC) and altcoins.
A cooler print, however, could revive rate-cut bets and trigger a relief rally.
Bitcoin’s technical setup ahead of PCE inflation data
Bitcoin is trading at $67,852, up 1.27% on the day, according to the daily BTC/USDT chart on Binance. Price action shows consolidation following a sharp early-February drop that briefly pushed BTC toward the low-$60,000s before rebounding.
Since that recovery, Bitcoin has been ranging just below the $70,000 psychological level.
The daily RSI stands at 36.86, with its moving average at 33.81, suggesting momentum remains weak but no longer deeply oversold. The indicator has been gradually recovering from sub-30 levels earlier this month.
The balance of power indicator remains negative at -3,298, highlighting that sellers still hold a slight edge despite the recent stabilization.
For traders, a hot inflation surprise could send BTC back toward the mid-$60,000 support zone, while a softer reading may open the door for a renewed test of $70,000 resistance.
Watch the Bitcoin–Ethereum ratio
Another key signal is relative strength within crypto. The BTC/ETH daily chart shows Bitcoin trading at 34.5806 ETH, up 0.69% on the session.
The pair recently surged from below 30 in late January to above 34 in early February, indicating strong Bitcoin outperformance versus Ethereum (ETH) during the broader market pullback. The recent consolidation around the 34–35 region suggests capital remains defensive, favoring BTC over higher-beta altcoins.
If inflation comes in hot and macro risk aversion rises, Bitcoin dominance could extend further. A cooler print, however, may encourage rotation back into Ethereum and altcoins.
Macro reaction is key
Beyond the headline number, traders should watch the immediate reaction in the U.S. 10-year Treasury yield and the dollar index. Crypto has remained highly sensitive to shifts in rate expectations, particularly as inflation data tests the narrative that price pressures are easing sustainably.
With core PCE potentially rising to 3.0% year-over-year, its highest level in nearly a year, today’s print could shape expectations for the Fed’s next move and set the tone for digital assets into March.
For now, Bitcoin is coiling below resistance. The PCE release may decide whether it breaks higher or rolls.
Crypto World
Blockdaemon Outlines Solana’s 2026 Path to Institutional Adoption Through Executive Guide and Technical Roadmap
TLDR:
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- Blockdaemon’s executive guide frames Solana’s 2026 roadmap around the Internet Capital Market vision for institutions.
- Alpenglow and IBRL target predictable sub-second finality, narrowing the gap between blockchain and exchange-style settlement.
- ACE introduces application-level transaction control, reducing MEV exposure and aligning execution with best-execution standards.
- Validator client diversity across Agave, Firedancer, and Rakurai builds network resilience for custody, ETFs, and treasuries.
Blockdaemon has published a comprehensive two-part series on Solana’s 2026 outlook, targeting financial institutions evaluating on-chain infrastructure.
The release includes an executive guide and a technical roadmap, each addressing a different layer of institutional readiness.
The series examines Solana’s shift from a high-throughput retail chain to a network built for predictable finality and execution integrity.
It arrives as institutions move closer to production-grade deployment of tokenized assets and on-chain settlement systems.
Executive Guide Positions Solana Around the Internet Capital Market Vision
Blockdaemon’s executive guide opens with Solana’s broader strategic ambition: becoming an Internet Capital Market.
This concept describes an internet-native environment where listings, trading, and settlement operate entirely on-chain.
For financial institutions, it reframes Solana less as a crypto network and more as specialized financial infrastructure.
“Solana has moved beyond its early reputation as ‘the fast retail chain.’ Its ambition to become an Internet Capital Market reframes it as a potential backbone for next-generation on-chain finance.” — Blockdaemon, Solana in 2026: A Guide for Financial Institutions
The guide outlines four institutional traits that Solana’s 2026 roadmap prioritizes. These are predictable low-latency finality, order-flow privacy, deterministic execution, and application-level control.
Each trait maps directly to operational requirements that traditional trading and treasury teams already work within.
Blockdaemon further notes that Solana’s 2026 upgrades address three critical institutional pillars. On compliance, ACE enables protocol-level identity checks before trade execution takes place.
On liveness risk, validator client diversity, and the Alpenglow upgrade together reduce fault sensitivity across the network.
Technical Roadmap Details Four Pillars of Institutional-Grade Infrastructure
Blockdaemon’s technical roadmap centers on Alpenglow as the foundation for consensus stability. Alpenglow is Solana’s next consensus protocol upgrade, designed to stabilize block production under heavy network conditions.
It reduces uncertainty in transaction ordering and confirmation times, which matter most to funds and market operators.
“Rather than chasing headline TPS, the focus shifts to predictable finality, execution integrity, and redundancy.” — Blockdaemon, Solana in 2026: Technical Roadmap
IBRL, standing for Increase Bandwidth, Reduce Latency covers the broader performance improvement effort. It groups bandwidth, scheduler, and latency upgrades under one coordinated program alongside Alpenglow.
Trading and treasury systems gain more consistent confirmation windows that align with traditional financial service-level expectations.
ACE, or Application Controlled Execution, addresses the MEV problem that has long affected institutional adoption. Without ACE, validators and builders control transaction ordering, creating room for exploitative sequencing.
ACE allows financial applications to define their own sequencing rules, batching logic, and matching behavior for compliance and risk reasons.
Block Building Infrastructure and Validator Diversity Round Out the Roadmap
Blockdaemon’s series covers the full validator client ecosystem currently active on Solana. Clients include Agave, Firedancer, Frankendancer, Jito-Solana, and Rakurai, each operating on independent codebases.
This diversity means no single software failure can bring down the network, which is critical for staking that supports custody, ETFs, or corporate treasuries.
“For leading, network-conscious infrastructure providers like Blockdaemon, client diversity means resilience, performance optimization, and investor confidence.” — Blockdaemon, Solana in 2026: Technical Roadmap
Firedancer, developed by Jump Crypto, is a ground-up reimplementation in C targeting maximum throughput and fault isolation.
Frankendancer provides a hybrid approach, combining Firedancer’s networking stack with Agave’s execution runtime.
Rakurai achieves 5x higher TPS and up to 35% greater block rewards through proprietary scheduling and pipeline optimizations.
On the block building side, Blockdaemon covers JitoBAM and Harmonic as early ACE implementations. JitoBAM operates through Trusted Execution Environments, creating encrypted mempools that keep transactions private until execution.
This reduces sandwich attacks and other exploitative MEV practices that conflict with institutional best-execution standards.
“ACE’s promise is infrastructure-level fairness, giving institutional applications predictable, auditable control over how trades, payments, or transactions are realized on-chain.” — Blockdaemon, Solana in 2026: Technical Roadmap
Harmonic turns block building into a competitive marketplace by aggregating proposals from multiple independent builders.
Builders include Jito, Temporal, JitoBAM, and Paladin, with validators selecting from their proposals in real time. This model lowers concentration risk and makes order flow more transparent and auditable for regulated institutions.
Blockdaemon also maps the roadmap to concrete strategic use cases for financial institutions. Tokenized money markets benefit from sub-second settlement that removes intraday timing risk.
On-chain FX, derivatives, structured products, and institutional staking all gain from deterministic execution and improved network resilience across the upgraded Solana infrastructure.
Learn how sustainable tokenomics in DeFi works. Explore revenue-backed tokens, emission models, token sinks, and protocol-owned liquidity strategies.
Sustainable tokenomics refers to crypto token design that prioritizes long-term value creation over short-term hype.
In early DeFi, many projects relied on:
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High token emissions
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Liquidity mining rewards
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Unsustainable APYs
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Speculative demand
Today, DeFi tokenomics is evolving. The focus has shifted toward:
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Revenue-backed tokens
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Smart emission schedules
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Token supply control mechanisms
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Protocol-owned liquidity (POL)
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Long-term governance alignment
If a DeFi token only performs during bull markets, its tokenomics model is likely inflation-driven rather than value-driven.
Why Sustainable Tokenomics Matters in DeFi
DeFi operates in cycles. When liquidity dries up, weak token models collapse under inflation pressure.
Strong tokenomics ensures:
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Reduced selling pressure
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Predictable value accrual
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Capital-efficient liquidity
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Long-term protocol resilience
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Stronger investor confidence
In other words, sustainable tokenomics separates real protocols from short-term experiments.
1. Revenue-Backed Tokens: The Foundation of Sustainable DeFi
The most durable DeFi tokens are tied to real protocol revenue.
Revenue sources may include:
The critical question:
How does protocol revenue flow back to token holders?
Common Revenue Capture Models
Fee Sharing
Protocol revenue is distributed to token stakers.
Benefits:
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Clear value proposition
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Easier token valuation
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Strong holder alignment
Token Buybacks
Revenue is used to repurchase tokens from the market.
Benefits:
Buyback and Burn
Repurchased tokens are permanently removed from supply.
Benefits:
Revenue without value capture creates weak token economics.
Revenue with structured capture creates sustainable demand.
2. Emission Design: Controlling Token Inflation
Token emissions are one of the most important variables in DeFi tokenomics.
Poor emission design leads to:
Strong emission frameworks include:
Fixed Supply Models
Hard caps limit total token issuance.
Decaying Emissions
Token issuance reduces over time.
Dynamic Emissions
Supply adjusts based on protocol metrics such as:
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Total value locked (TVL)
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Revenue growth
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Volatility
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Liquidity depth
Dynamic emissions turn token supply into a strategic control system rather than a growth gimmick.
3. Token Sinks: Reducing Circulating Supply Pressure
A critical but overlooked aspect of DeFi tokenomics is token sinks.
A token sink is any mechanism that removes tokens from active circulation or locks them for extended periods.
Examples include:
Without token sinks, inflation dominates.
With token sinks, supply becomes structurally constrained.
4. Protocol-Owned Liquidity (POL) vs. Liquidity Mining
Liquidity mining helped bootstrap DeFi growth. But it created mercenary capital.
Mercenary liquidity:
Protocol-Owned Liquidity (POL) changes this model.
Instead of renting liquidity through emissions, protocols acquire and control their own liquidity.
Benefits of POL:
-
Long-term liquidity stability
-
Reduced dependency on yield farmers
-
Improved capital efficiency
-
Stronger treasury backing
In bear markets, protocols with POL outperform emission-heavy competitors.
5. Governance Alignment and Long-Term Incentives
Many governance tokens fail because voting power is disconnected from long-term commitment.
Sustainable governance models align:
-
Voting rights
-
Lock duration
-
Economic exposure
-
Protocol decision-making
Lock-based governance systems incentivize participants to think long term.
Governance without economic alignment leads to short-term decisions.
Aligned governance builds durable ecosystems.
How to Evaluate DeFi Tokenomics (Checklist)
When analyzing a DeFi token, ask:
-
Does the protocol generate real revenue?
-
Does the token capture revenue?
-
Are emissions sustainable or inflationary?
-
Are there strong token sinks?
-
Is liquidity owned or rented?
-
Are governance incentives aligned long-term?
If most answers are weak, the token likely depends on market sentiment instead of structural strength.
The Future of Tokenomics in DeFi
The next phase of DeFi will be defined by:
-
Revenue-generating protocols
-
Reduced token inflation
-
Capital-efficient liquidity strategies
-
Strong treasury management
-
Data-driven token supply adjustments
Speculation accelerated DeFi’s growth.
Sustainable tokenomics will determine which protocols survive.
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EUR/USD and GBP/USD extended their decline, revisiting recent extremes after last week’s corrective rebound. The recovery attempt was largely technical in nature and did not alter the broader structure of the move. Additional pressure on European currencies came from dollar strength following Wednesday’s release of the Federal Open Market Committee minutes, which signalled a cautious stance and offered no indication of imminent policy easing. This reinforced support for the US currency and triggered a fresh downward impulse in both EUR/USD and GBP/USD.
At present, the market’s focus has shifted to upcoming macroeconomic data from both Europe and the United States. These releases are likely to determine whether the current downward trend gathers further momentum or whether the pairs begin to establish medium-term support levels.
Overall, the euro and sterling remain under pressure after the recent correction faded and the dollar strengthened on the back of the minutes. Further direction will depend on incoming data: either the bearish trend will be confirmed, or the market will begin searching for more sustainable levels of stabilisation.
EUR/USD
As anticipated, EUR/USD buyers failed to overcome resistance in the 1.1900–1.1930 range. The unsuccessful test of this area last week reinforced the downward impulse and led to fresh moves towards recent lows near 1.1800. Technical analysis suggests a potential test of support in the 1.1650–1.1720 zone. The bearish scenario would be invalidated by a firm break and consolidation above 1.1800.
Key events for EUR/USD:
- Today at 10:30 (GMT+2): Germany’s Manufacturing PMI;
- Today at 15:30 (GMT+2): US Gross Domestic Product;
- Today at 15:30 (GMT+2): US Core PCE Price Index.
GBP/USD
A rejection from the key 1.3700 resistance level intensified downward pressure on GBP/USD. Sellers pushed the pair to fresh recent lows near 1.3500. Should UK data disappoint, a further decline towards 1.3320–1.3360 cannot be ruled out. A weakening of the bearish pressure would require either a decisive move back above 1.3500 or the formation of a reversal pattern on higher time frames.
Key events for GBP/USD:
- Today at 09:00 (GMT+2): UK Core Retail Sales Index;
- Today at 11:30 (GMT+2): UK Composite PMI;
- Today at 16:45 (GMT+2): Speech by FOMC member Bostic.
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