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Stanford Scientists Create ‘Xenocortical’ Mice With Human Brain Tissue to Study Devastating Brain Disorders
Stanford University researchers have successfully transplanted lab-grown human brain tissue into genetically engineered mice, creating a new experimental platform scientists say could dramatically expand their ability to study neurological and psychiatric disorders that have long been difficult to research directly in living human brains.
The findings, published online September 16 in the journal Nature, describe an approach the research team calls “xenocortication.” Scientists engineered a strain of mice so that most of their neocortex and hippocampus, the brain regions responsible for higher cognitive functions and memory, never formed during early development. Researchers then transplanted human cortical organoids, self-organizing, three-dimensional clusters of laboratory-grown tissue that resemble specific regions of the developing brain, into the resulting cavity shortly after birth.
Cortical organoids are created by reprogramming human skin cells into induced pluripotent stem cells, which can then be coaxed to differentiate into most of the body’s cell types, including the specialized neurons and support cells found in the brain’s outer cortex. The technique builds on years of prior work by the study’s senior author, Sergiu Pașca, a neuroscientist and stem cell biologist who holds the Kenneth T. Norris Endowed Professorship in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Stanford and directs the university’s Brain Organogenesis Program.
According to Stanford’s own reporting on the study, the transplanted human tissue did not simply survive inside the mice; it expanded rapidly, eventually accounting for more than 90% of the total cortical tissue volume within the mice’s brains roughly three months after the transplant procedure. The human-derived neurons formed working connections both within the graft itself and with the surrounding mouse nervous system, with axons extending as far as the cervical spinal cord. Researchers also recorded coordinated electrical activity across the transplanted tissue, indicating the human cells were forming functional, organized circuits rather than simply existing as inert tissue.
Pașca described the significance of that integration directly. “In these mice, the human grafts generated a broad diversity of cortical cell types and established functional connections throughout the mouse nervous system,” he said. He was careful to characterize the limits of what the model represents, distinguishing it clearly from popular conceptions of “mini brains” grown in a dish. “They are not miniature brains and do not reproduce the full complexity of the human brain, but they allow us to study human neural cell types and developmental processes that would otherwise be extremely difficult to access,” Pașca said.
Remarkably, researchers found that the transplanted tissue contained detectable numbers of von Economo neurons, a rare and unusual type of nerve cell that had previously only been observed in postmortem human brain tissue and had never before been successfully generated either in laboratory culture or in earlier transplant experiments. Compared with previous cortical organoid transplant approaches, the xenocortical grafts also produced roughly three times more of a specific class of projection neurons that extend connections far beyond their region of origin, a feature researchers say makes the model considerably more representative of actual human cortical development than prior techniques.
Despite the scale of human tissue integration, the engineered mice retained largely normal function. Researchers found that so-called “apallial” mice, those genetically modified to lack most of their neocortex and hippocampus before any transplant occurred, were still able to move around their environment, see, hear and smell. Following the human tissue transplant, xenocortical mice performed on behavioral tests in a manner generally comparable to same-age normal mice by three to six months after surgery, despite carrying a brain composed overwhelmingly of human-derived cortical tissue.
To demonstrate the model’s potential research applications, scientists exposed xenocortical mice to five hours of low-oxygen conditions, designed to mimic aspects of the kind of oxygen deprivation that can occur around birth in human infants. That exposure caused substantial damage to the human-derived cortical tissue specifically, and oxygen-deprived xenocortical mice subsequently showed difficulty maintaining a steady gait and balance, a pattern researchers noted bears resemblance to symptoms seen in children with cerebral palsy. Normal mice and apallial mice lacking the human tissue transplant, by contrast, were largely unaffected by the same low-oxygen exposure. Pașca said understanding that difference could prove scientifically valuable well beyond the immediate experiment. “Finding out what accounts for this difference could yield clues about human neural susceptibility to oxygen deprivation, shed light on mechanisms underlying cerebral palsy and provide a platform for testing potential therapeutic strategies,” he said.
Researchers say the broader platform could eventually help scientists study a range of conditions that have historically been extremely difficult to investigate at the cellular and molecular level in living human brain tissue, including profound autism, schizophrenia, cerebral palsy and epilepsy. Alison Singer, president of the Autism Science Foundation, described the potential significance of the approach for future precision medicine efforts. “The idea that you can make an organoid model with an individual’s unique genetic character and use that to learn what’s gone awry in that individual’s brain is a critical step toward precision medicine,” Singer said.
Given the ethical complexity inherent in transplanting human neural tissue into animal models, Pașca organized a conference in Asilomar, California, in November 2025 specifically to debate the ethical implications of this kind of research before the study’s publication. Stanford’s Office of Technology Licensing holds patents related to the generation of cortical organoids, with Pașca listed as an inventor, along with a separate provisional patent application covering the organoid transplantation technique itself.
Researchers say the xenocortical mouse platform will primarily serve as a tool for studying how disease-associated genetic changes alter human neural development and circuit formation, and for testing whether potential treatments can prevent or reverse those changes, offering scientists a living system in which to study human brain biology that was previously accessible only through limited postmortem tissue samples or simplified laboratory cell cultures.
Business
Video of Lights at Nancy Guthrie’s Tucson Home Fuels Talk as Search Passes Seven Months
TUCSON, Ariz. — A YouTube clip showing a faint light at the Catalina Foothills house of Nancy Guthrie, the 84-year-old mother of “Today” co-host Savannah Guthrie, circulated this week and revived online claims that someone had returned to the property. Authorities have not confirmed the footage or tied it to the investigation.
Guthrie was last seen Jan. 31 after a relative dropped her off following dinner. Her garage opened shortly before 9:50 p.m. and closed minutes later. She was reported missing Feb. 1 when she did not arrive at a friend’s house to watch a church service. Relatives found blood on the front porch. Pima County sheriff’s officials and the FBI have treated the case as a kidnapping for ransom. No suspect has been publicly named.
A content creator using the account marktheshark943 posted video he described as “breaking news,” pointing to a yellow glow near a door or window and saying a rock previously seen in the driveway was gone. Photos of the rock circulated online. Neither claim has been independently verified, and the Pima County Sheriff’s Department has not issued a statement about lights or landscaping at the house.
Similar videos appeared earlier this month. Another creator filmed illuminated windows and speculated on camera that timers or occupants could explain them. Neighbors and social media users have long watched the dark-sky foothills property. The house had multiple cameras and more than a dozen outdoor fixtures when Guthrie disappeared. That does not mean a new light equals a new lead.
Comments on the latest clip included “Someone is playing games!” and talk of taunting. Those are posts, not evidence. Family members, including daughter Annie Guthrie and her husband, Tommaso Cioni, live nearby. People online have guessed they visit to maintain the house. There is no public confirmation of who, if anyone, was inside.
Sheriff Chris Nanos said in February that relatives are not suspects. “To be clear, the Guthrie family, to include all siblings and spouses, has been cleared as possible suspects.” He has also said Guthrie was not wandering because of dementia. “She is as sharp as a tack.” She uses a pacemaker and daily heart medication and has trouble walking.
The last major public images remain doorbell video of a masked person, about 5-foot-9 to 5-foot-10, in gloves and an Ozark Trail backpack, at the door the night she vanished. The camera disconnected about 1:47 a.m. Investigators recovered some Nest data with Google’s help. Gloves found near the house were tested. A hair lead went nowhere, Nanos said later. Two ransom-style notes were released July 31; one claimed she had died. Human remains found in August near West Ajo Way and South La Cholla Boulevard were not linked to the case, the sheriff’s department said.
In July, Nanos told “Today” the file was still active. “We have so much DNA to sort through,” he said. “These are labs all across the country that are talking to one another about how best to look at what they have in front of them for DNA evidence. And, so I’m still positive we will resolve this case.” He added, “We’re working this as hard as we can. There’s no lead too small.”
Spokesperson Angelica Carrillo said in an email that a sheriff-FBI task force “remains committed to finding Nancy and providing answers to her family” and that DNA and digital work is “complex and time-intensive.” A department post said that when a significant development occurs, “it will be shared publicly.”
On Sept. 15, Savannah Guthrie thanked actress Allison Janney on air and said the family wanted to “give her a proper goodbye.” “We just want our mom home,” she said. Reward figures reported in coverage have ranged from an FBI offer of up to $50,000 to larger private totals; the department has not restated those figures in connection with the new video.
Seven months on, the official picture is unchanged: an 84-year-old missing from a dark foothills street, a masked figure on a doorbell camera, unfinished lab work, and no arrest. A YouTube drive-by of a porch light is not a status update. Anyone with information is asked to contact the Pima County Sheriff’s Department or the FBI.
Business
Porsche could face another 4,000 job cuts, Handelsblatt reports

Porsche could face another 4,000 job cuts, Handelsblatt reports
Business
Warren Buffett sounds alarm as stock market warning returns for only second time in 155 years
That backdrop comes as Warren Buffett, one of the most closely watched investors in the world, has issued a blunt message about the current market mood. Between 1965 and 2025, Berkshire Hathaway, the company he once led, delivered an annual compound return of about 19.7%, compared with 10.5% for the S&P 500 including dividends.
In a recent conversation with CNBC’s Becky Quick, Buffett said, “It’s tough to find values when everybody is preferring gambling.” The Oracle of Omaha has made a similar point in recent months, describing the market as a church with a casino attached and saying he had never seen people in more of a gambling mood.
Buffets approach
Buffett’s approach to investing has long centred on businesses that can earn more than they spend over an extended period. That is why he places so much emphasis on economic moats and competitive advantages. A moat can come from a strong brand, scale, switching costs or a network that becomes more valuable as more people use it. Such advantages can support durable cash flow, which companies can use to pay dividends, buy back shares or reinvest in their operations. Over long periods, that compounding can drive portfolio returns.
Buffett has also generally preferred buying when investors are less interested or more fearful, rather than when a particular story has taken over the market. Berkshire Hathaway remained relatively cautious on the artificial intelligence (AI) trade for a long time as the frenzy pushed valuations higher. It was only about a year ago that Berkshire initiated a position in Alphabet.
What does that mean for investors?
That does not necessarily mean the current AI boom will follow the same path as the dot-com era. The two periods also have important differences.
A high CAPE ratio remains significant because elevated readings have generally pointed towards more modest future returns. The current level can therefore be viewed as a warning about valuations rather than a signal that a market crash is about to happen. Markets can remain expensive for extended periods, just as inexpensive markets can become even cheaper. The CAPE ratio is therefore more useful for considering the next few years than trying to predict the next few weeks.Buffett’s investment approach has instead focused on owning businesses that can compound through different market cycles, with attention to economic moats, quality management teams and durable cash flows. Those cash flows can either be returned to shareholders or reinvested in the business. Holding such positions over long periods also means that a few difficult years do not necessarily determine the overall investment outcome.
Buffett steps down as chairman
Buffett, 96, is stepping down as chairman of Berkshire Hathaway after more than six decades at the helm of the company. He will become chairman emeritus with immediate effect and will remain a director.
His oldest son, Howard Buffett, will succeed him as chairman, marking another step in Berkshire’s long-planned succession. Howard has been a member of Berkshire’s board since 1993.
As he moves into the chairman emeritus role, Buffett said he remains confident about Berkshire’s future and will continue as a shareholder. “The company is in excellent hands, and I look forward to remaining a shareholder alongside you.”
(Disclaimer: Recommendations, suggestions, views and opinions given by the experts are their own. These do not represent the views of The Economic Times)
Business
PagerDuty: Dirt Cheap And AI Is Creating A Great New Opportunity
PagerDuty: Dirt Cheap And AI Is Creating A Great New Opportunity
Business
Archer Aviation: Buying Revenue Instead Of Certifying It – Hold
Archer Aviation: Buying Revenue Instead Of Certifying It – Hold
Business
Millions More Amazon Prime Refunds Are Coming as FTC Expands Eligibility to $200 Payouts Under Settlement
Amazon is accelerating and widening consumer refund payouts tied to a $2.5 billion settlement with the Federal Trade Commission, expanding eligibility for millions of additional customers who could now receive payments of up to $200 each.
The refunds stem from a historic settlement reached in September 2025, in which Amazon agreed to pay up to $1.5 billion in redress to consumers the FTC said were harmed by the company’s deceptive Prime enrollment and cancellation practices, in addition to a separate $1 billion civil penalty. As of September 2026, Amazon has issued more than $845 million in redress payments to affected consumers under that settlement.
Under an expanded federal court order, the eligibility criteria for those refunds is now broadening considerably. Previously focused on low-use Prime subscribers, the program will now also include millions of customers who used between 11 and 20 Prime benefits over a one-year period, a significantly larger pool of subscribers than the settlement initially targeted. Alongside that expanded eligibility, the maximum individual payment amount is increasing sharply, jumping from a previous cap of $51 to as much as $200 total per eligible consumer.
Consumers who have already received and cashed earlier refund checks under the original settlement terms are not being left out of the expanded program. Those individuals could receive an additional, automatic supplemental payment of up to $149, with that second round of payments expected to begin rolling out by April 2027.
Christopher Mufarrige, director of the FTC’s Bureau of Consumer Protection, framed the expanded order as a direct effort to ensure the settlement’s benefits reach a broader share of affected customers. “The revised order will ensure more consumers who were harmed by Amazon’s deceptive enrollment and cancellation practices benefit from the FTC’s historic settlement,” Mufarrige said.
The new round of payments is designed to require no action from eligible consumers. All new payments will be distributed automatically starting October 1, 2026, through PayPal, Venmo or a mailed paper check, depending on the payment information the FTC has on file or is able to obtain for each eligible consumer. Customers do not need to file any claims, complete any forms, or take any other proactive steps to receive their payment if they qualify under the expanded criteria.
That automatic, no-claim structure has also created an opening for potential fraud, prompting the FTC to issue a direct warning to consumers. The agency said anyone who contacts a consumer claiming to represent the FTC and asks for money, personal information or banking details in order to “claim” a refund is very likely running a scam. Because legitimate payments under the settlement are issued automatically without any request for personal or financial information, the FTC has emphasized that consumers should be highly skeptical of any unsolicited outreach asking them to take action, provide sensitive information, or pay a fee in order to receive a payment connected to the Amazon settlement.
The underlying case traces back to FTC allegations that Amazon made it deceptively easy for consumers to sign up for Prime subscriptions while making the cancellation process unreasonably difficult, a pattern regulators said resulted in many consumers being charged for a service they did not intend to continue using or, in some cases, did not realize they had signed up for in the first place. The $2.5 billion total settlement, combining the $1.5 billion consumer redress fund with the $1 billion civil penalty, ranked among the largest consumer protection settlements in FTC history when it was first announced in September 2025.
The expansion of eligibility criteria and the increase in maximum payment amounts reflect an acknowledgment by regulators that the original settlement terms may not have adequately captured the full scope of consumers affected by Amazon’s enrollment and cancellation practices. By extending eligibility to consumers who used a moderate number of Prime benefits, rather than limiting redress strictly to the lowest-use subscribers, the revised order is expected to bring a considerably larger share of Amazon’s Prime customer base within reach of some form of compensation under the settlement.
For consumers wondering whether they qualify for either the newly expanded initial payment or the supplemental payment tied to previously cashed checks, no application process exists, meaning eligible individuals should expect to be contacted or to simply receive payment directly through the channels described in the settlement, PayPal, Venmo, or a mailed check, without needing to search for or submit any documentation on their own behalf.
With payments set to begin rolling out automatically starting next month and the supplemental round for earlier claimants following by April 2027, the expanded settlement is expected to continue delivering compensation to Amazon Prime subscribers well into next year, as the FTC works through the process of identifying and distributing funds to the full population of consumers now covered under the revised order.
Business
Stocks to Watch: Nestle, Nike, Netflix
Stocks to Watch: Nestle, Nike, Netflix
Business
Greenland, Denmark say US deal will not cede sovereignty
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Greenland, Denmark say US deal will not cede sovereignty
Business
The Most Undervalued 9-13% Yields I Am Buying Right Now
Samuel Smith has a diverse background that includes being lead analyst and Vice President at several highly regarded dividend stock research firms and running his own dividend investing YouTube channel. He is a Professional Engineer and Project Management Professional and holds a B.S. in Civil Engineering & Mathematics from the United States Military Academy at West Point and has a Masters in Engineering from Texas A&M with a focus on applied mathematics and machine learning.Samuel leads the High Yield Investor investing group. Samuel teams up with Jussi Askola and Paul R. Drake where they focus on finding the right balance between safety, growth, yield, and value. High Yield Investor offers real-money core, retirement, and international portfolios. The service also features regular trade alerts, educational content, and an active chat room of like-minded investors. Perspective: “Do not store up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust destroy, and where thieves break in and steal. But store up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust destroys, and where thieves do not break in or steal; for where your treasure is, there your heart will be also … For what will it profit a man if he gains the whole world and forfeits his soul?” ~ Jesus (Matthew 6:19-21; 16:26)Learn more
Analyst’s Disclosure: I/we have a beneficial long position in the shares of OWL, OTF, BAM either through stock ownership, options, or other derivatives. I wrote this article myself, and it expresses my own opinions. I am not receiving compensation for it (other than from Seeking Alpha). I have no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article.
Seeking Alpha’s Disclosure: Past performance is no guarantee of future results. No recommendation or advice is being given as to whether any investment is suitable for a particular investor. Any views or opinions expressed above may not reflect those of Seeking Alpha as a whole. Seeking Alpha is not a licensed securities dealer, broker or US investment adviser or investment bank. Our analysts are third party authors that include both professional investors and individual investors who may not be licensed or certified by any institute or regulatory body.
Business
Why I’m Trying to Stop the IRS From Giving Me a Tax Refund This Year
It is time to start year-end tax planning, and this year I’m doing something different. For the first time, I’m planning to owe taxes next April 15 instead of getting a refund.
This means I’ll be parting company with most tax filers. Last year, nearly two-thirds of the nation’s 166 million filers of individual income-tax returns were owed refunds by the Internal Revenue Service. The average amount was $3,167.
Copyright ©2026 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 87990cbe856818d5eddac44c7b1cdeb8
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