Two IRAs, Two Separate Rules

Each spouse’s account is subject to its own required distribution, calculated on that spouse’s balance and age. A person with several IRAs may total required amounts across their own accounts and withdraw from whichever they prefer. A spouse cannot do this for the other spouse. His distribution cannot come from her IRA, and hers cannot come from his.

Missing the deadline triggers a 25% excise tax on the shortfall, reduced to 10% if the amount is withdrawn and reported within a correction window. Couples who assume they can consolidate the withdrawal into the larger account may discover the penalty on the account they skipped.

One important exception applies here. If a spouse is the sole beneficiary and is more than ten years younger than the owner, the Joint Life and Last Survivor Expectancy Table applies instead of the Uniform Lifetime Table. This produces a smaller required distribution for the rest of the owner’s life and changes the arithmetic materially for couples with an age gap.

Cost Was In The Eleven Quiet Years

For eleven years, this couple filed jointly on pension income alone. The 2026 12% bracket for married couples filing jointly runs to $100,800, with the standard deduction at $32,200. Every year they lived under that ceiling, the room between their taxable income and the top of the 12% bracket was room they could have used to convert IRA dollars to Roth dollars at a known, low rate. That room does not carry forward. It expires each December.

Partial conversions during those years would have reduced the balance hitting the distribution table at 73. Instead, the full balance arrives intact, on top of the pension, pushing top dollars into the 22% bracket, which starts at $100,800. This is the setup we walked through in a free guide on defusing the first-year tax bomb before required withdrawals begin.

What Stacked Income Triggers

Distributions plus the pension also change how Social Security is taxed and can push you over Medicare income-related monthly adjustment amounts. For 2026, a joint return with MAGI above $218,000 pushes each spouse’s Part B premium from $202.90 to $284.10, with a matching Part D surcharge. The thresholds are strict; crossing a bracket by a dollar effectively doubles the cost for a couple.

Survivor Problem That Follows

The heaviest risk appears later. When one spouse dies, the survivor keeps the larger Social Security benefit. The pension may continue at a reduced percentage or stop entirely. The deceased spouse’s IRA rolls to the survivor, consolidating the balance. Household income drops while the account grows relative to it. The survivor files under single brackets, where the 22% rate starts at $50,400, and single IRMAA thresholds, where the first surcharge tier begins at $109,000. The same required distribution now falls on less income at higher rates. The same required distribution then falls on less household income at higher marginal rates.

What Remains After 73

Once distributions have begun, a qualified charitable distribution can satisfy the requirement without the amount appearing in adjusted gross income. It is available beginning at age 70½, with an annual per-person limit indexed for inflation, and it must go directly from the IRA to a qualifying charity. For a couple that already gives, routing the gift through the IRA rather than writing a check protects MAGI and can keep the household under the next IRMAA cliff.

Withholding federal tax directly from the distribution is also simpler than quarterly estimates and is treated as paid evenly through the year. With a 10-year Treasury yield near 4.94% and the national average one-year CD at 1.71%, the reinvestment decision on what is left after tax also matters, though it is a smaller lever than the bracket and IRMAA work.

The deadline recurs every December. For this couple, the eleven quiet years were the expensive ones. The distribution itself is the smaller part of the story.

Before Your Next Withdrawal, Run One Number ( It’s Not The 4% Rule Everyone Knows)

Take your essential monthly expenses and subtract your guaranteed income — Social Security, plus any pension. What’s left is your income gap, and how you close it determines whether retirement runs on share sales or on a paycheck your portfolio writes you every month. Our free reader guide, The 4% Rule Is Broken, shows exactly how to close that gap with portfolio income: a worked example (one retiree needed about $480,000 in income-producing assets to cover his essentials for good), an eight-point conversion checklist, and the 20-year numbers comparing dividends to withdrawals. It’s free and takes about 15 minutes to read. Get the guide here before you take your next withdrawal.

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