Global equity markets delivered solid fourth-quarter gains, with value stocks outperforming growth as market participation continued to broaden beyond mega cap technology.
The Strategy outperformed its benchmark during the quarter, driven by strong stock selection in communication services, financials and industrials.
With valuation dispersion elevated and fundamentals improving across a widening set of companies, we believe the opportunity set for global value improvers remains attractive heading into 2026.
Market Overview
Global equity markets generated positive returns in the fourth quarter, with value stocks outpacing growth for the quarter and only slightly trailing growth on a full-year basis. The MSCI World Index rose 3.1% in the quarter to finish up 21.1% for 2025, outperforming the S&P 500 Index’s gains of 2.7% for the quarter and 17.9% for the year. Value stocks also maintained leadership during the fourth quarter, with the MSCI World Value Index returning 3.3% compared to the MSCI World Growth Index’s 2.8%.
In the fourth quarter, market narratives remained heavily focused on artificial intelligence-related investment, reflected most visibly in the outsize performance of technology-heavy markets such as Taiwan and South Korea. However, the quarter also saw continued strength across emerging markets, commodities and select value-oriented sectors, underscoring a gradual broadening in market participation. A weaker U.S. dollar and expectations for easier monetary policy supported sentiment toward emerging markets and consumer-sensitive areas.
From a macroeconomic perspective, growth continued to slow in Europe, particularly across manufacturing-related industries, though services activity remained resilient and equity markets generally held up well. In China, signs of stabilization in manufacturing activity supported risk appetite, while the U.S. consumer remained comparatively resilient. Despite the “everything rally” that characterized much of 2025, the fourth quarter highlighted how expectations, positioning and valuation continue to play an outsize role in driving relative outcomes.
Advertisement
The fourth quarter highlighted how expectations, positioning and valuation continue to play an outsize role in driving relative outcomes.
Quarterly Performance
The ClearBridge Global Value Improvers Strategy outperformed its benchmark during the fourth quarter, supported by strong stock selection across communication services, financials and industrials, partially offset by weakness in information technology (‘IT’) and health care.
Despite being the worst-performing sector of the MSCI World Value benchmark, communication services represented a bright spot for the Strategy. Alphabet (GOOG) rose on strong revenue growth in its latest earnings, driven by accelerating ads, cloud revenue growth and, importantly, AI-driven ad optimization, benefiting from its depth of data and tech.
Financials were among the largest contributors to relative performance. Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA) (‘BBVA’), a Spain-based global banking group with leading franchises in Mexico and Turkey, performed well as improving credit trends, disciplined cost control and a favorable capital return profile supported earnings. The bank also benefited from easing macro concerns in Europe and resilient loan growth in key international markets. Lloyds Banking (LYG), a U.K.-focused retail and commercial bank, also contributed as macroeconomic risks tied to the U.K. budget, including potential incremental taxes on banks, proved overdone and investor focus returned to the company’s strong earnings visibility and attractive capital return profile.
Industrials also contributed positively, led by several multi-quarter compounders. Siemens Energy (SMNEY), a German manufacturer of power generation and transmission equipment, continues to benefit from rising global investment in grid upgrades and power generation capacity, particularly as utilities expand infrastructure to meet data center electricity demand. Hitachi (HTHIY), a Japanese industrial and technology conglomerate, continued to simplify its portfolio and improve margins while benefiting from exposure to digital infrastructure and electrification themes.
Advertisement
On the down side, stock selection in IT detracted from relative performance. Microchip (MCHP), a U.S.-based semiconductor manufacturer, reduced forward guidance as tariff and demand uncertainty continued to delay the cyclical recovery of its business. Corcept Therapeutics (CORT), a U.S.-based biotechnology company focused on endocrinology and oncology indications, declined late in the quarter following a Food and Drug Administration Response Letter that cited the need for additional evidence to support approval of its relacorilant program. This introduced uncertainty around the timing and commercial potential of a key pipeline asset, and we ultimately elected to exit the position.
From a regional perspective, relative performance benefited from strong contributions in Europe ex U.K., led by financials and industrials holdings, as well as Japanese stock selection in industrial and technology-oriented sectors. Weakness in due to company-specific developments weighed on North American returns.
Portfolio Positioning
Rising electricity demand from AI, electrification and infrastructure investment favors companies involved in grid modernization, storage and efficiency solutions. A more constructive outlook toward renewables is also improving the opportunity set. A compelling example of this is new portfolio addition Brookfield Renewable (BEP), the renewable energy arm of Brookfield Asset Management (BAM), which benefits from its parent’s scale, development expertise and funding. AI-driven data center growth is supporting stronger contracting dynamics and longer-term visibility for Brookfield. Additionally, its stake in Westinghouse provides exposure to the global nuclear buildout, offering further potential upside.
We also established a position in Merck KGaA (MKKGY), a Germany-based science and technology company with businesses spanning life sciences, health care and electronics. While portions of its health care segment have faced near-term revenue pressure, recent acquisitions and a deep pipeline offer longer-term optionality, and we believe the market is underappreciating a cyclical recovery in its life sciences and electronics businesses as order trends stabilize. Merck’s business strongly aligns with SDG 3 (Good health and well-being) as it develops innovative therapies in oncology, neurology and immunology that address major non-communicable diseases and reduce disease burden and premature mortality to improve treatment outcomes for serious chronic conditions.
Advertisement
We exited PayPal (PYPL), a global digital payments platform, concluding that the core business has struggled to reaccelerate under new leadership amid exposure to structurally slower-growing areas of e-commerce. While operational improvements are ongoing, we believe the company’s scale and end market exposure make a meaningful rerating more challenging in the near-to-medium term. We also exited ICON (ICLR), a contract research organization, as evolving competitive dynamics and a less favorable growth outlook led us to reallocate capital toward opportunities with clearer earnings visibility.
Outlook
We enter 2026 with a more stable macro environment than this time last year. Inflation has moderated globally, giving central banks room to ease, while fiscal programs – from U.S. industrial and infrastructure spending to expanded European budgets and targeted Chinese stimulus – continue to support activity. With the effective U.S. tariff rate already having peaked, companies that absorbed tariff-related cost pressures in 2025 should lap those headwinds, creating modest tailwinds for growth.
Several themes are likely to shape markets in 2026:
Monetary easing should broaden growth: Lower rates should help support a recovery in manufacturing and small-business activity, while also benefiting rate-sensitive sectors such as housing, utilities and infrastructure. Europe and Japan remain well positioned given ongoing pro-growth policies.
Advertisement
Leadership expands beyond mega cap AI: While AI remains foundational, power, logistics and efficiency improvements are becoming equally important investment themes. Companies that enable the next phase of the AI cycle – rather than those solely capturing its front-end demand – are increasingly well-positioned.
Emerging markets retain meaningful value: Although outside our benchmark, EM remains one of the more attractively valued areas globally, trading at roughly 40% discount to the U.S. Disinflation offers monetary flexibility, countries like Brazil and Mexico are on firmer fiscal footing and easing dollar liquidity should support flows, creating a more fertile ground for potential alpha generation.
The U.K. looks increasingly compelling: Attractive valuations, improving inflation dynamics and falling gilt yields have created a supportive backdrop – particularly for its concentration of service-oriented industries that should benefit from AI and are spared from tariff headwinds and threats of excess capacity of Chinese exports.
M&A could provide an additional tailwind: Deregulation, strategic repositioning and the prospect of lower interest rates may support an uptick in M&A globally. Companies will likely act more decisively in an environment with reduced policy uncertainty.
Advertisement
With a more balanced macro backdrop, healthier geographic diversification and an expanding set of fundamental catalysts, 2026 presents a more attractive opportunity than the narrowly led markets of recent years. The companies best positioned from here are those driving meaningful internal financial, operational and sustainability-related improvements that can support long-duration value creation.
Portfolio Highlights
The ClearBridge Global Value Improvers Strategy outperformed its MSCI World Value Index benchmark during the fourth quarter. On an absolute basis, the Strategy had gains in eight of the 10 sectors in which it was invested (out of 11 total). The financials sector was the greatest contributor while the IT sector was the main detractor.
On a relative basis, overall stock selection contributed to performance. Stock selection in the communication services, financials, industrials, utilities and consumer staples sectors proved beneficial. Conversely, stock selection within the IT and health care sectors weighed on returns.
On a regional basis, stock selection in Japan, overweights to the U.K. and Europe Ex U.K and an underweight to North America proved beneficial. Conversely, stock selection in North America weighed on performance.
Advertisement
On an individual stock basis, BBVA, Alphabet AstraZeneca (AZN), Siemens Energy and Hitachi were the leading contributors to relative returns during the quarter. The largest detractors were Corcept Therapeutics, CNH Industrial (CNH), Compass Group (CMPGY), Micron Technology (MU) (not owned) and Paypal.
ESG Highlights: The Evolving Proxy Landscape
Of the tools public equity investors can use to advocate for sustainable business practices, proxy voting is one of the more visible and powerful. It was vigorously debated in 2025. Throughout the year the SEC tightened parameters for shareholder proposals, strengthening the grounds on which they can be excluded from annual meetings. 1 It announced it would no longer “respond to no-action requests for, and express no views on, companies’ intended reliance on any basis for exclusion of shareholder proposals under Rule 14a-8,” with minimal exceptions. 2 The likely result will be to enable companies to exclude proposals without having to seek SEC approval, leading to fewer shareholder proposals making it to a vote.
Against this backdrop, the broad trends of the 2025 proxy season were a decline in environmental and social proposals and heightened scrutiny on governance issues. Major topics of environmental proposals filed included emissions disclosures and climate risk and plastic pollution. Social proposals, which were reduced in number, showed continued concern with workforce-related risks like pay equity, workplace safety, and diversity and inclusion. Like environmental proposals, social proposals received less support in 2025 than in previous years, although many of these proposals filed were perhaps “overly prescriptive, duplicative of existing disclosures, or insufficiently tailored to company-specific issues,” 3 a reminder that such proposals need to be judged on a case-by-case basis.
Declines in environmental and social proposals and an increase in governance proposals (which received steady support, all told) were also reflected in ClearBridge’s voting activity in 2025 (Exhibit 1).
Advertisement
The continued – and apparent increase in – relevance for governance topics reflects our view that good governance is a catalyst for value creation: board and chair independence reduces insular oversight; separating CEO and board chair roles reduces the potential for conflicts of interest; diversity on the board leads to more varied views and strengthens governance; board tenure should balance experience with innovation; linking compensation with sustainability factors could improve environmental stewardship and ensure the social license to operate. We have seen incremental improvements across many of these goals in recent years, and they remain worthy of supportive company dialogue.
Exhibit 1: Shareholder Proposals Voted on by ClearBridge
As of December 2025. Source: ClearBridge Investments.
The continued – and apparent increase in – relevance for governance topics reflects our view that good governance is a catalyst for value creation: board and chair independence reduces insular oversight; separating CEO and board chair roles reduces the potential for conflicts of interest; diversity on the board leads to more varied views and strengthens governance; board tenure should balance experience with innovation; linking compensation with sustainability factors could improve environmental stewardship and ensure the social license to operate. We have seen incremental improvements across many of these goals in recent years, and they remain worthy of supportive company dialogue.
Voting on a Case-by-Case Basis
Per ClearBridge’s Proxy Voting Policy, we evaluate certain environmental and social proposals on a case-by-case basis. While we would generally be supportive of ESG proposals, we also consider whether the ask from the shareholder proposal has merit and whether the wording in the proposal diminishes or enhances shareholder value.
Advertisement
We also take note if a proposal does not seem to recognize substantial improvements by the issuer on the requests being addressed. This is an important element of ClearBridge’s approach to proxy voting and our partnership approach to active ownership: we engage with CEOs, CFOs and other company leaders regularly about all factors that could materially affect value creation. This provides a valuable information component for assessing the merits of shareholder proposals.
Here we offer highlights of some recent ClearBridge votes and our thinking behind them.
Companies Are Making Sustainability Improvements
Amazon.com (AMZN) is a good example of a company that has made substantial improvements in areas where it nevertheless continues to see proposals: in 2025, for example, we examined a shareholder proposal asking the company to report on efforts to reduce plastic packaging. The company has received similar proposals for the past five years but has been making significant progress, addressing the resolutions of the proposals with improvements each year.
Advertisement
We chose not to support this proposal this year on the grounds that the company has already been reporting its plastic packaging reduction efforts and has quantified and published the improvements to the public each year. Such improvements include transitioning away from plastic in its outbound packaging and working with its vendors to let them ship in their own brand packaging via their Ships in Product Packaging (‘SIPP’) program – reducing the use of an Amazon box on top of the product packaging. In addition, as of October 2024, Amazon has removed all plastic air pillows from delivery packaging used in its global fulfillment centers, which to date is the biggest decrease in plastic packaging in North America.
Moreover, through innovation and investment in technologies, processes and materials since 2015, Amazon has been able to reduce the weight of the packaging per shipment by 43% on average and avoided more than three million metric tons of packaging material. There are other achievements in packaging (both plastic and other materials) that the company has reported publicly.
Amazon is advancing partnerships and research to improve recycling infrastructure, engaging with organizations such as the Ellen MacArthur Foundation and The Recycling Partnership and demonstrating its efforts to align with industry peers, even if Amazon is not formally a signatory to the New Plastics Economy Global Commitment. We would still like to see Amazon publish an overall baseline of plastic used across its entire supply chain, to add to its robust reporting levels for outbound packaging practices.
Voting Requires Deep Knowledge of the Company
Advertisement
Our portfolio managers chose not to support a shareholder proposal asking Microsoft (MSFT) to report on the risks of its European Security Program (‘ESP’) being used for censorship of free speech. We thought this proposal appeared to conflate a cybersecurity initiative with speech regulation and could mislead investors on the nature of the ESP. The company launched the ESP in response to the sharp rise in ransomware and cyberattacks involving espionage, data theft and disruption of democratic institutions.
Microsoft’s ESP provides structured, limited-scope support to governments by sharing insights into these threats and aligns with Microsoft’s Information Integrity Principles, which emphasize trusted information and freedom of expression rather than content moderation, surveillance or speech regulation. The company also participates in the Global Network Initiative (‘GNI’), which independently evaluates its adherence to principles protecting privacy and free expression.
Executive Compensation Should Be Reasonable
We actively engaged UnitedHealth Group (UNH)’s Board of Directors over the course of 2025 about the appropriateness of the compensation for their executive team.
Advertisement
The company serially missed earnings expectations, resulting in underperformance relative to the S&P 500 Index by 20% in both 2023 and 2024. Further, UnitedHealth had a major cybersecurity incident that jeopardized payments throughout the U.S. health care system, and public sentiment toward the company was at historic lows. Despite poor results, United asked investors to support pay increases for the CEO and CFO, while withholding any bonus payment to the family of murdered executive Brian Thompson. We opposed the proposed pay scheme, as did 40% of voting investors, and we accordingly expressed our views to the board.
Following the proxy vote, UnitedHealth announced it would replace both the CEO and the CFO. UnitedHealth’s board failed to hold either outgoing executive accountable for poor performance, and it allowed both of them to keep very significant unvested compensation. We again expressed our dissatisfaction to the board about its compensation decision.
Seeking to Enhance Shareholder Value
In voting proxies, we are guided by general fiduciary principles. Our goal is to act prudently, solely in the best interest of the beneficial owners of the accounts we manage. We attempt to provide for the consideration of all factors that could affect the value of the investment and will vote proxies in the manner that we believe are consistent with efforts to maximize shareholder values.
Advertisement
Among these factors would also be issuance of preferred shares. For example, the ClearBridge Emerging Markets Strategy portfolio managers considered a proposal at Localiza (LZRFY), a Brazilian car rental company, which held an out-of-cycle extraordinary general meeting to approve the creation of preferred stock.
Although the issuance of preferred stock adds complexity to common shareholders, the background here was telling: Brazil was to initiate a new dividend tax in January 2026 and companies were advancing dividends and bonus share issues to use up distributable reserves before the year end.
We judged that shareholder voting rights were being maintained and the company was attempting to issue bonus shares before the year-end tax increase. Ultimately, we agreed with management that the share issue was in the interest of shareholders and voted in favor of the proposal.
Statement Regarding the Division of Corporation Finance’s Role in the Exchange Act Rule 14a-8 Process for the Current Proxy Season, Nov. 17, 2025. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
“2025 Proxy Season Review: From Escalation to Recalibration,” Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance. Sept. 15, 2025.
Neither ClearBridge Investments, LLC nor its information providers are responsible for any damages or losses arising from any use of this information.
Performance source: Internal. Benchmark source: Morgan Stanley Capital International.
Advertisement
Neither ClearBridge Investments, LLC nor its information providers are responsible for any damages or losses arising from any use of this information. Performance is preliminary and subject to change. Neither MSCI nor any other party involved in or related to compiling, computing or creating the MSCI data makes any express or implied warranties or representations with respect to such data (or the results to be obtained by the use thereof), and all such parties hereby expressly disclaim all warranties of originality, accuracy, completeness, merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose with respect to any of such data. Without limiting any of the foregoing, in no event shall MSCI, any of its affiliates or any third party involved in or related to compiling, computing or creating the data have any liability for any direct, indirect, special, punitive, consequential or any other damages (including lost profits) even if notified of the possibility of such damages. No further distribution or dissemination of the MSCI data is permitted without MSCI’s express written consent. Further distribution is prohibited.
Performance source: Internal. Benchmark source: Standard & Poor’s.
West African Resources says it will continue to engage in discussions with the government of Burkina Faso in relation to ownership of its Kiaka gold project.
The Italian-headquartered firm has been in talks for months over £1bn contract with the UK government
A Leonardo helicopter completes a flight from Bristol Airport to Yeovil, in Somerset(Image: Simon Pryor)
A Somerset helicopter maker says it has had “good dialogue” with the government regarding a £1bn contract just three months after it warned its only UK factory was under threat.
Italian-headquartered Leonardo owns Britain’s last helicopter plant in Yeovil. The West Country site has been an aerospace hub for more than 100 years and employs thousands of people directly and in the supply chain.
Although the site makes helicopters for civil use, such as search and rescue, the MoD is the company’s most important customer. A decision to withdraw from the historic Somerset site would have major implications for the local economy.
In November, Leonard chief Roberto Cingolani told investors the company could not “subsidise Yeovil forever” after delays to an agreement with the British government over the contract. The company is the only bidder and has been in talks with ministers for months, leaving the site’s 3,000-strong workforce in limbo.
Advertisement
However, it is understood that Leonardo’s vice president of market development, Adam Wardrope, is “feeling hopeful” after recent discussions with officials.
The contract is for Leonardo’s conventional helicopters, but earlier in February the firm unveiled its latest model – Britain’s first autonomous full-size helicopter, known as Proteus. The helicopter has been designed to conduct various missions such as anti-submarine warfare.
Mr Wardrope told the BBC that Proteus is “part of the future of Yeovil” but that Leonardo’s Somerset workforce was “desperate” to learn about the company’s future.
“We’re still very busy, things like Proteus, support contracts, and international customers we’re servicing,” Mr Wardrope told the BBC. “Everyone’s very busy, there’s still a future in the fact that there’s lots of work to do.”
Advertisement
Ben Clarke of workers union Unite said: “Any employee who works on the Yeovil site is definitely in a slight confusion as to what’s happening at the moment.
“The Government needs to wake up and understand we’re having these delays by not giving an answer to Leonardo either way, it’s putting huge pressure on Leonardo and the constituency.”
The news comes just days after Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer was reported to be considering a hike in the UK’s defence spending.
Tracy Brabin has launched a five-day trade mission to Switzerland and Germany aimed at deepening economic ties, unlocking inward investment and creating new export opportunities for West Yorkshire firms.
The mayor arrived in Zurich at the head of a 12-strong business delegation, marking the first leg of a visit that will also take in Karlsruhe, Heilbronn and Stuttgart. Organised by the West Yorkshire Combined Authority and supported by KPMG, the mission focuses on three priority sectors: financial and digital services, health technology and advanced manufacturing.
Backed by the UK government, the trip is designed to strengthen trade links with two of Europe’s most advanced industrial economies and support thousands of jobs across Bradford, Halifax, Huddersfield, Leeds and Wakefield.
“Europe is our most important trading partner,” Brabin said. “Investment from Swiss and German firms, and exports from our homegrown businesses, support thousands of good jobs across our region.”
A key objective of the visit is to promote West Yorkshire’s £160m Healthtech Investment Zone, which aims to accelerate innovation in medical technology, diagnostics and digital health. The region’s seven universities and strong clinical research base are being positioned as natural partners to Switzerland’s biotech ecosystem.
Advertisement
Delegates will also highlight the strength of Leeds as a financial hub. Often described as the “Northern Square Mile”, the region is home to 30,000 financial and professional services firms employing almost 300,000 people, with institutions including the Bank of England and the Financial Conduct Authority represented locally.
The mayor is expected to stress the opportunities created by the UK-Switzerland Berne Financial Services Agreement and recent regulatory reforms aimed at boosting competitiveness.
Lucy Rigby, Economic Secretary to the Treasury, said the mission signalled that the UK was “open for business” and ready to deepen European partnerships.
In Germany, discussions will centre on AI-enabled manufacturing and sustainable transport systems, areas where Stuttgart and Karlsruhe are seen as global leaders.
Advertisement
West Yorkshire is preparing to launch its landmark Weaver Network in 2027, a major transport integration programme, and is seeking to draw lessons from Swiss and German expertise in rail, engineering and urban mobility.
Business leaders on the trip say the mission offers access to new markets and investors. Carly Walter, chief executive of healthtech firm MAGI, said collaboration with European partners would accelerate product development and regulatory pathways. Representatives from digital firms including The Data City and sustainability consultancy NextGen Zero are also participating.
The trade mission forms part of West Yorkshire’s Local Growth Plan and leverages £2bn of devolved funding to attract additional private investment into transport, housing and skills.
For Brabin, the message is clear: West Yorkshire intends to position itself as an outward-looking, export-driven region competing on the global stage, and sees closer European ties as central to that ambition.
Advertisement
Amy Ingham
Amy is a newly qualified journalist specialising in business journalism at Business Matters with responsibility for news content for what is now the UK’s largest print and online source of current business news.
The chief executive of merged media giants Seven West Media and Southern Cross Austereo, Jeff Howard, has suddenly stepped down on the eve of his first financial results.
For decades, leadership was built on a quiet assumption: that the world, while imperfect, was fundamentally stable. Markets cycled. Institutions endured. Rules evolved slowly enough for experience to accumulate and guide decisions with confidence. Leaders learned patterns, applied frameworks, and relied on what had worked before.
Much of my early career was built in that environment – where five-year plans were tangible, strategy decks held their relevance, and continuity was a reasonable expectation.
That assumption no longer holds.
Today’s leaders operate in an environment defined less by cycles and more by sustained disruption – geopolitical fractures, technological acceleration, demographic shifts, climate shocks, and a growing erosion of institutional trust.
Advertisement
Volatility is no longer an interruption. It is the baseline.
Across restructurings, reorganizations, and crises – including the Global Financial Crisis – I learned how quickly institutions that appear durable can become fragile.
In this environment, a difficult truth emerges: experience, once leadership’s greatest asset, can quietly become its greatest liability.
The Comfort of Familiarity
Most senior leaders are not short on data or advice. If anything, they are overwhelmed by it. They have accumulated decades of firsthand lessons.
Advertisement
The greater risk is false certainty – the instinct to solve today’s problems using models formed yesterday. Many leadership frameworks and governance models were designed for continuity. When disruption was episodic, experience functioned as a reliable map. But when disruption becomes persistent, maps age quickly.
What once provided clarity can become comfort. And comfort can dull judgment.
I have caught myself, more than once, assuming “we’ve seen this before” – only to realize the underlying dynamics had fundamentally changed.
From Maps to Compasses
The leaders who struggle most today are not those without experience, but those who treat experience as instruction rather than input.
Advertisement
There is an important distinction:
Experience as memory anchors leaders to the past. • Experience as wisdom sharpens judgment in the present.
In stable systems, detailed maps are useful. In unstable terrain, leaders need a compass.
A compass does not tell you exactly where to step. It provides direction when visibility is poor. It requires interpretation, trade-offs, and decisions without the comfort of precedent.
Leadership is shifting – from execution grounded in certainty to judgment exercised under ambiguity.
The Real Leadership Currency: Judgment
Judgment is not instinct. It is not confidence. And it is certainly not speed alone.
Advertisement
Judgment is the ability to:
Act without full information • Move with urgency without eroding trust • Hold conviction without ego • Adapt without abandoning values
It is forged through exposure to uncertainty – when outcomes are unclear and accountability is real.
I have seen confident decisions unravel within weeks when regulations shifted, politics changed, or market shocks rewrote their underlying assumptions. Experience did not prevent the surprise – but judgment determined how quickly we recalibrated.
Many leaders built their experience in systems that absorbed mistakes. Today, systems are thinner, faster, and less forgiving. Decisions ripple across borders and markets instantly.
Leadership becomes less about certainty and more about calibrated action under pressure.
Advertisement
Strengthening Judgment in Practice
Judgment does not improve by accident. It sharpens through deliberate effort.
Leaders can strengthen it by:
Actively seeking diverse viewpoints – especially from younger colleagues, different geographies, or adjacent industries. • Separating signal from ego by asking: Am I relying too heavily on past success? • Building a pause into decisions – not hesitation, but calibration. • Running rigorous debriefs, including after successful outcomes: What did we assume? What surprised us? What would we adjust next time?
Some of the most valuable course corrections in my career came not from failures, but from dissecting decisions that “worked” – and recognizing how much luck or timing had contributed.
Adapting the Lens
I experienced this recalibration early in my time leading teams in Asia. In many Western environments, participation in meetings is equated with engagement. Leaders ask open questions. Hands go up. Debate signals commitment.
That model does not automatically translate across many Asian cultural contexts. Norms around hierarchy, respect, and group harmony shape how people contribute. Silence does not imply disengagement – but it can be misinterpreted that way.
Advertisement
Executives accustomed to Western norms may repeat questions, assuming hesitation reflects lack of preparation. I learned that if I wanted contribution, I needed to redesign the structure. Rather than posing broad questions to the room, I invited individuals to lead topics where they had expertise, share success stories, or frame discussion around achievements.
Participation increased – not because competence changed, but because the format did.
Operating across Thailand, China, Vietnam, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore reinforced a consistent lesson: leadership frameworks do not travel intact. They must be translated, not transplanted.
Experience had given me a template. The environment required adaptation.
Advertisement
Why Nostalgia Is Dangerous
One of the most underestimated risks in leadership today is nostalgia.
Across industries and geographies, leaders still say:
“We’ve seen this before.” • “This is just another cycle.”
Sometimes they are right. Many times, they are not.
I have learned to treat that instinct – especially in myself – as a warning signal rather than reassurance.
Successful leaders recognize the need to consciously unlearn parts of their own success. Careers are built on repetition. Reputation is built on consistency. Letting go of proven approaches can feel like abandoning identity.
Advertisement
But leadership is not about preserving the past. It is about stewarding the future.
The Discipline of Unlearning
Unlearning is not forgetting. It is consciously retiring assumptions.
Leaders can begin by:
Identifying one “rule” that shaped their early success and testing whether it still holds under current conditions. • Expanding exposure across functions, geographies, and generations to broaden perspective. • Encouraging dissent early, so disagreement surfaces before disruption forces it.
Unlearning becomes less emotional when it becomes systematic.
Leading Without False Confidence
In uncertain times, there is a temptation to project certainty before it exists. Yet people increasingly detect performative confidence. What they respond to instead is credible calm -leaders who acknowledge uncertainty without being paralyzed by it.
Advertisement
The most trusted leaders consistently:
Clearly identify what is unknown
Explain how decisions will be made despite uncertainty
Anchor action in values rather than predictions
Trust today is built not on omniscience, but on honesty, coherence, and follow-through.
Across multiple markets in Asia, I have reorganized teams in response to shifting strategy and external volatility. Even when strategically sound, such changes create anxiety.
Earlier in my career, I might have presented those changes with more certainty than the environment warranted. Over time, I learned that false certainty erodes trust.
Instead, I outlined clearly what we knew, what we did not yet know, and the assumptions guiding our decisions. I explained why change was necessary and how it aligned with market realities. Most importantly, I made one principle explicit: if our assumptions proved wrong, we would adjust.
Advertisement
The message was no longer “trust the plan.” It became “trust the process.”
Credibility comes not from projecting certainty, but from demonstrating judgment – and the willingness to recalibrate.
Experience, Upgraded
None of this diminishes the value of experience. It reframes it.
Experience still matters – deeply – but only when it evolves with the environment. The most effective leaders treat experience as a reference library, not a rulebook.
Advertisement
They ask:
Which parts of my experience still apply? • Which assumptions no longer hold? • What must be relearned?
Every generation of leaders faces a defining shift. For today’s leaders, it is moving from certainty to judgment – from maps to compasses – from authority rooted in answers to authority earned through clarity under pressure.
The future will not reward those who wait for stability. It will reward those who can lead responsibly while instability persists.
Before your next major decision, pause and ask:
Is my confidence grounded in current reality – or inherited from past success? • Where might I be over-indexing on familiarity? • What belief would I be willing to abandon if the evidence required it?
In an environment where precedent is unreliable, the ultimate competitive advantage is not experience alone.
It is the courage to examine it – and upgrade yourself before the world forces you to.
Advertisement
Aseem Goyal
Global Financial Services Executive & Advisor
Author of the forthcoming Bridging Borders: Leadership, Crises, and Reinvention from 35 Years in Eight Global Markets
Most impactful quotes:
Volatility is no longer an interruption. It is the baseline.
Experience becomes a liability when it is treated as instruction rather than input.
In unstable terrain, leaders need a compass.
The message was no longer “trust the plan.” It became “trust the process.”
The ultimate competitive advantage is not experience alone – it is the courage to examine it.
Leadership today demands the courage to upgrade yourself before the world forces you to.
Mark Beyer and Justin Fris discuss Genus’ power up.Plus: Austal delivers bumper result despite US mistake; Legislation to stop alleged offenders driving; Murdoch chancellor appointed South Perth monitor.
Clean Max Enviro Energy has launched its Rs 3,100 crore IPO for subscription on Monday, with the grey market premium indicating a marginal 0.3% upside over the upper end of the price band, suggesting limited listing gains. The issue, priced at Rs 1,000-1,053 per share, comprises a fresh issue of Rs 1,200 crore and an offer for sale of Rs 1,900 crore.
The IPO will close on February 25 and is scheduled to list on March 2. At the upper price band, the company is valued at a pre-IPO market capitalisation of Rs 12,325 crore.
CleanMax, incorporated in 2010, is India’s largest commercial and industrial renewable energy provider, with 2.80 GW of operational, owned and managed capacity and 3.17 GW of contracted capacity under execution as of October 2025. The company operates across solar, wind and hybrid solutions and focuses on long-term power purchase agreements with commercial and industrial customers.
Financially, the company has shown a turnaround. Revenue rose to Rs 1,610 crore in FY25 from Rs 1,425 crore in FY24, while net profit stood at Rs 19.43 crore in FY25 compared with a loss in the previous year. EBITDA margins improved to 63.1% in FY25 from 52% in FY24.
Advertisement
However, leverage remains elevated. Net debt stood at Rs 5,938 crore in FY25 and net debt-to-equity at 1.9 times. A large portion of the IPO proceeds will be used to repay borrowings, which could strengthen the balance sheet.
Live Events
At the upper price band, the issue is valued at around 16 times EV/EBITDA, which analysts described as expensive, though there is strong growth visibility from rising renewable penetration and demand from data centres and AI-linked industries.
Should you subscribe?
Swastika Investmart assigned a “Neutral” rating and said the issue appears aggressively valued on recent financials, though superior EBITDA margins and operating metrics justify the pricing to some extent. It added that the IPO may be avoided for short-term or listing gains but can be considered by well-informed investors for the medium to long termAditya Birla Money has recommended Subscribe for long-term, citing under-penetration in C&I renewable energy, projected capacity additions and strong capital efficiency. It expects demand visibility to improve as renewable penetration rises and sectors such as data centres require round-the-clock green power.
With grey market premium at just 0.3%, the issue does not indicate strong short-term listing excitement. Investors looking for quick gains may remain cautious, while those with a longer investment horizon and comfort with capital-intensive renewable businesses may evaluate the company’s growth prospects and debt reduction plans before taking a call.
(Disclaimer: Recommendations, suggestions, views and opinions given by the experts are their own. These do not represent the views of Economic Times)
Renewed volatility around global trade policy is forcing investors to reassess their strategies as tariff levels settle near 15% but policy signals remain fluid. Speaking to ET Now, market strategist Manishi Raychaudhuri said the sheer volume of conflicting headlines has made it difficult to draw firm conclusions, noting that what once appeared to be a settled tariff environment has “come back with a bang,” and that India’s earlier advantage over ASEAN peers has largely disappeared, creating “chaos and uncertainty” in the near term.
Against this backdrop, Raychaudhuri emphasized focusing on domestic growth opportunities rather than export-oriented sectors. He said he would avoid jumping into exporters and instead look for areas where growth aligns with reasonable valuations, highlighting basic materials, select industrials, and consumer discretionary segments as pockets of opportunity — while stressing the need to remain selective. Stocks such as Tata Steel, Hindustan Zinc, and Larsen & Toubro reflect the domestic cyclical themes he prefers.
He flagged consumer staples and IT services as areas of caution, arguing that staples suffer from low growth despite elevated valuations and that IT faces pricing pressure as artificial intelligence changes how clients evaluate contracts, potentially compressing margins. According to him, IT stocks may only become attractive at valuations closer to 10–12 times earnings, implying either downside or a prolonged period of sideways performance.
While acknowledging that some technology firms could stand out, he said companies demonstrating a clear ability to reinvent themselves — including through partnerships such as Infosys’ collaboration with AI players — may become more interesting over time, though he would wait for clearer evidence in growth or margin trends before allocating capital.
Advertisement
On foreign flows, Raychaudhuri noted that global investors currently have compelling alternatives across Asia where earnings growth is stronger and valuations are lower, suggesting that until this gap narrows, it may be difficult for India to see a sustained return of foreign institutional buying.
London suffered the steepest monthly decline, followed by the East Midlands and North West
Felix Armstrong www.cityam.com
07:38, 23 Feb 2026
A woman reading a CV sat opposite another person in a shirt(Image: No credit)
The UK’s employment market suffered another blow as total job openings dropped to the lowest level since 2021, with London experiencing the most significant decline in available roles.
Advertisement
Job advertisements plunged 16 per cent year-on-year to January, falling below 700,000 for the first time since January 2021, according to job search platform Adzuna.
Labour’s employment rights act has been criticised in recent weeks for imposing additional hiring costs on British businesses, and chief financial officers at retail companies indicated they may be compelled to lay off staff as the reforms are rolled out.
The decrease in recruitment meant that 694,940 total roles were being advertised in January, as per Adzuna, marking a three per cent drop from December.
However, advertised salaries grew faster than inflation, rising six per cent from January 2025 to an average of £43,289, as reported by City AM.
Advertisement
London was the UK region to endure the quickest monthly drop in recruitment, with vacancies down 5.6 per cent.
The capital was closely followed by the EastMidlands and North West England, where job opportunities were four per cent lower than in December.
Andrew Hunter, co-founder of Adzuna, said: “As economists point to ONS data that suggests hiring rates are levelling off, the live picture from advertised jobs tells a different story.
“Our January figures show hiring is approaching pandemic-era levels, and with graduate roles falling to a record low, this suggests the market is far from being on stable footing – yet.”
Advertisement
Yet Hunter identified indicators of resilience in consistent wage increases and robust labour expansion in certain sectors such as teaching and cleaning.
He said: “For jobseekers in early 2026, the market remains challenging, with fewer vacancies and intense competition, but continued wage growth suggests employers are still willing to pay for the right skills.”
Graduate vacancies dropped beneath 10,000 for the first time since Adzuna’s tracker commenced in 2016, having nearly halved year-on-year (down 45 per cent).
Youth unemployment stands at its highest level – 16.1 per cent – since 2014 and has risen above the EU average for the first time.
Advertisement
Entry-level positions declined four per cent annually to 197,044 vacancies.
IT remained the highest-paid sector in January, with average salaries climbing to £63,428, whilst maintenance jobs experienced the largest annual decline in pay at three per cent.