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2014 Email Reveals Blockstream CEO Pressured Epstein to Divest from Ripple and Stellar

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TLDR:

  • Austin Hill told Epstein that Ripple and Stellar were “bad for the ecosystem” Blockstream was building.
  • Blockstream co-founders demanded Epstein reduce his allocation due to competing protocol investments.
  • Joi Ito and Reid Hoffman were copied on the 2014 email discussing strategic investor alignment issues.
  • Gary Gensler taught crypto at MIT while Ito facilitated Epstein donations to the same institution.

 

Newly surfaced correspondence from 2014 shows Jeffrey Epstein held an investment allocation in Blockstream, a Bitcoin infrastructure company.

The email from CEO Austin Hill to Epstein reveals strategic pressure to divest from competing protocols Ripple and Stellar.

The communication, which included MIT Media Lab Director Joi Ito and investor Reid Hoffman, demonstrates active enforcement of ecosystem loyalty among early cryptocurrency investors.

Strategic Investor Conflicts in Early Blockchain Development

Austin Hill’s July 31, 2014 email to Epstein outlined a direct request from Blockstream’s co-founders. According to the original message, Hill stated he had “been asked by the other cofounders to reduce or take your allocation away.

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The CEO explained that Ripple and Jed McCaleb’s new Stellar “are bad for the ecosystem we are building.” Hill further noted that having investors “backing two horses in the same race” would damage the company’s strategic positioning.

The correspondence treated Epstein as a strategic investor whose portfolio choices affected Blockstream’s governance and capital strategy.

These were not incidental social exchanges but direct operational communications about investment policy. The email exchange occurred during a critical period for blockchain technology development when competing visions for distributed ledger architecture were taking shape.

Blockstream positioned itself around Bitcoin and the Lightning Network infrastructure. Meanwhile, Ripple’s XRP Ledger and Stellar represented alternative approaches to distributed ledger technology.

These competing protocols created tensions among investors and developers about which system would become the dominant base layer for cryptocurrency transactions.

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The involvement of Joi Ito added another dimension to these networks. As MIT Media Lab Director from 2011 to 2019, Ito served on multiple technology boards and advised governments on digital policy.

His presence in the email chain demonstrated connections between cryptocurrency investment decisions and academic institutions researching blockchain technology.

MIT Connections and Regulatory Developments

Ito’s role at MIT Media Lab positioned him as a bridge between cryptocurrency investors and academic research. The lab expanded corporate funding under his leadership while focusing on AI, digital identity, and cryptocurrency projects.

Epstein’s ties to MIT later became controversial when 2019 reporting revealed the Media Lab had accepted donations linked to him. Ito resigned after admitting errors in judgment regarding these financial relationships.

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Gary Gensler taught cryptocurrency courses at MIT before his 2021 appointment as SEC Chairman under President Biden.

His academic work occurred within the same institutional environment where Ito facilitated donor relationships. The regulatory approach toward Ripple and other cryptocurrency projects would later become a defining feature of Gensler’s SEC tenure.

Rob Cunningham’s analysis on KUWL.show examined these overlapping relationships. His post noted that “Epstein functioned as a capital node in overlapping elite tech networks.”

The connections between Blockstream, MIT, and later regulatory actions suggest coordinated efforts to shape cryptocurrency market development according to specific ecosystem preferences.

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The 2014 correspondence reveals that ecosystem competition extended beyond technical differences. Investor alignment and narrative control played substantial roles in early blockchain development.

Bitcoin infrastructure companies viewed alternative protocols as existential threats to their position as the primary decentralized rail for digital assets.

 

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Fed Maintains Rates; Crypto Traders Anticipate Relief Rally

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Crypto Breaking News

Crypto traders are parsing the Federal Reserve’s decision to hold rates and its implications for a possible market rally. With policy left unchanged, attention shifted to whether the pause can catalyze a relief bounce for Bitcoin and the broader crypto market, or whether the move simply defers the next leg in a cautious macro backdrop.

Santiment, a sentiment-tracking platform, reported a rapid shift in social mood in the wake of the central bank’s decision. Its metrics show the crypto social discussion score jumping from about 9 to 71 in the hours after the Fed’s expected outcome, as traders linked the hold to a potential upside for crypto assets. The firm noted that market participants appeared to focus less on immediate cuts and more on the prospect of later policy pivots that could support risk assets. Santiment said on X.

Bitcoin’s price action reflected a moment of cross-currents. At the time of writing, BTC traded around $70,790, having slipped about 4.35% over the past 24 hours, according to CoinMarketCap. Over the prior 30 days, the benchmark crypto had been modestly higher, up roughly 3.56%. The Fed pause has reinforced a narrative among traders that a relief rally could unfold even without an immediate move on rates, though many remain cautious about how durable any bounce will be in the face of broader macro headwinds.

Key takeaways

  • Santiment’s social-sentiment metrics surged after the Fed pause, signaling heightened bullish chatter and a belief in a potential crypto rally ahead of any rate cuts.
  • Bitcoin stood near $70,800, with a 24-hour drop of about 4.4% but a 30-day gain around 3.6%, illustrating a choppy near-term path despite the rate hold.
  • Historically, Fed policy has been a strong catalyst for crypto optimism, with some observers looking to possible rate cuts in 2025 as a signal for a new Bitcoin bull year.
  • Nevertheless, analysts warned that the relief could prove fleeting if macro catalysts do not materialize, and several voices raised concerns about a potential bull trap in the near term.

Fed pause reshapes trader expectations

By keeping the federal funds target rate steady in the 3.5%–3.75% range, the Fed reinforced a wait-and-see posture as markets weigh the path ahead. In crypto circles, the decision has often been treated as a macro backdrop that can lift risk assets if investors anticipate eventual rate relief. Several analysts noted that the absence of a rate cut yet did not erase the possibility of a future pivot; instead, the hold tended to shift the conversation toward timing rather than direction.

Industry observers have long linked monetary policy signals to crypto momentum. The prospect of rate reductions in 2025 remains a potential bullish catalyst for Bitcoin, even as near-term dynamics stay uncertain. The tension between expecting a policy pivot and defending a risk-off stance has created a bifurcated narrative: some participants anticipate a durable rally if the Fed begins cutting ahead of other central banks, while others caution that any move higher could stall without more concrete macro or liquidity support.

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Signals vs. price action: market mood in flux

The latest price action sits at a crossroads. Bitcoin’s 24-hour decline underscores the fragility of short-term momentum, even as longer-term momentum metrics show intermittent strength. The Crypto Fear & Greed Index moved back into Extreme Fear territory on Wednesday after a brief return to Fear the day before, highlighting that overall sentiment remains jittery even as social chatter turns more optimistic. This dichotomy—elevated social bullishness alongside continued price weakness—illustrates the complexity of interpreting a Fed-driven impulse in a market that is simultaneously assessing liquidity, macro data, and broader risk appetite.

Analysts remain divided on the durability of any rally. On one hand, on-chain and technical commentary has pointed to a potential multi-month uplift should equities stabilize and macro conditions improve. On the other hand, a number of voices warn that the current up-move could be a “bull trap”—a short-lived ascent that reverses as soon as momentum fades or as real money exits risk assets. Bitcoin brokered a dramatic move in recent sessions, and traders will be watching both macro data releases and central-bank commentary for confirmation of a lasting shift.

Within the broader market context, there are competing signals. The S&P 500 has trended lower, with roughly a 3.7% decline over the past 30 days, according to Google Finance data cited in market briefs. This backdrop suggests investors remain cautious about chasing a near-term crypto rally without supporting upside from risk assets or a clear path to lower policy rates. Still, some voices remain constructive about a more pronounced rally in the medium term, arguing that a capitulation-like washout could open the door to renewed appetite for risk assets as liquidity conditions improve.

Commentary from notable voices in the space reflects this split. On-chain analyst Willy Woo warned that the market could be forming a bull trap, where early bullishness misreads the strength of the uptrend. Meanwhile, traders like Matthew Hyland suggested that a meaningful rally could emerge once broader markets find a bottom and begin to rebound. Hyland pointed to the current macro setup as a prerequisite for a broad crypto upside, aligning with the view that BTC tends to perform when equities recover from downturns.

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Within social channels, sentiment remains a volatile gauge. A crypto trader known as Moustache echoed the hopeful sentiment, stating on X that a “massive rally” could unfold in the coming months. Whether that call translates into tangible price action will depend on the confluence of rate expectations, inflation data, and the speed at which liquidity returns to risk markets.

Broader context and what comes next

The Fed’s decision to pause reinforces a broader narrative about policy paths and crypto’s sensitivity to macro signals. If investors interpret the hold as a precursor to rate cuts, Bitcoin and other tokens could benefit from a renewed bid as risk appetite improves and liquidity conditions ease. Conversely, if the hold is read as evidence that the macro environment remains constrained, any rally could be shallow or short-lived, fading as momentum cools and traders reprice risk.

Going forward, market watchers will closely track several signals: upcoming inflation data, the Fed’s own communication on the trajectory of rates, and the pace at which other central banks respond to evolving macro conditions. The next few weeks could reveal whether the relief rally discussed by traders gains traction, or if the narrative shifts back toward caution and consolidation as macro cues darken risk sentiment.

In the meantime, sentiment indicators remain the most volatile barometer. The surge in social sentiment following the Fed decision suggests players are ready to test a higher-risk stance, but price action and macro momentum will ultimately determine whether the rally endures or merely proves transient.

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Readers should keep a close watch on the development of rate expectations and the evolution of risk appetite in equities, as these will likely set the pace for crypto’s trajectory in the near term. The next major inflection point will be how quickly market participants price in possible rate cuts and how convincingly the macro data supports a shift from caution to confidence.

What to watch next: a clearer read on whether the Fed’s hold becomes a stepping stone to cuts, and whether Bitcoin can convert social buzz into sustained buying interest rather than a fleeting bounce. The landscape remains uncertain, but the emphasis on policy signals and macro resilience will shape the path forward for crypto markets in the days ahead.

Risk & affiliate notice: Crypto assets are volatile and capital is at risk. This article may contain affiliate links. Read full disclosure

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Flow Traders debuts 24/7 OTC liquidity service for tokenized stocks, gold and money market funds

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Flow Traders debuts 24/7 OTC liquidity service for tokenized stocks, gold and money market funds

Flow Traders, one of the world’s top market makers in exchange-traded products, said Tuesday it is bringing its decades of TradFi expertise to tokenized assets with the launch of 24/7 over-the-counter (OTC) liquidity.

The move arms institutional clients with a new tool, allowing them to manage risk and keep capital flowing via blockchain versions of popular traditional assets when traditional exchanges are dark on weekends and after hours.

The new offering, delivered through Flow Traders’ Digital Asset OTC platform, provides proprietary, two-way pricing for tokenized money-market funds, equities and commodities, including Franklin Templeton’s BENJI and tether gold (XAUT), according to the press release shared with CoinDesk.

It means that the OTC platform will now constantly quote prices, ready to buy or sell the tokenized assets outside regular traditional market hours. The service is available immediately to permissioned counterparties, with institutions able to access liquidity via direct FIX connectivity and other standard trading interfaces.

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“At Flow Traders, we have operated at the intersection of traditional and digital markets for many years, and we are pleased to launch 24/7 OTC liquidity for regulated tokenized equities and commodities for permissioned counterparties through our digital asset OTC platform,” Thomas Spitz, CEO of Flow Traders, said.

The OTC liquidity aims to address a nagging problem for institutions: The inability to adjust positions during weekends or overnight sessions. This has become brutally clear in recent weeks, as Iran-Israel tensions flared over the weekends, leaving traditional trading desks empty while crypto markets churned.

The demand mainly comes from institutions that want the ability to manage exposure outside traditional market hours,” Marc Jansen, co-chief trading officer at Flow Traders, told CoinDesk.

He explained that the OTC liquidity service will help large traders manage their risk better beyond market hours through tokenized equities and commodities, which are already gaining popularity on venues such as Binance, OKX, and Hyperliquid.

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“All weekend long, with these markets getting pretty close to the traditional market open price as a result of that weekend price discovery. OTC liquidity helps support that activity, particularly for larger trades where public venue liquidity is still developing,” he said.

According to the firm, tokenization is growing fast and the tokenized gold and silver market alone is nearing $6 billion in value, up roughly fourfold since the end of 2024.

“Liquidity providers such as Flow Traders play a critical role in ensuring that tokenized assets like XAUT can trade efficiently across venues and reach a broader set of market participants,“ said Paolo Ardoino, CEO of Tether.

The asset tokenization market is reportedly worth $3 trillion as of this year and is growing at a CAGR of 44.25% and could reach over $18 trillion by 2031, according to some estimates.

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This booming market, however, demands more than just enthusiasm; it requires battle-tested expertise, and this is where Flow Traders appears to have an edge, thanks to their 20 years of experience in market-making and liquidity provisioning for global exchange-traded products.

They operate across asset classes, including ETPs, digital assets, fixed income, FX, and commodities, and ranked among the top three global market makers by ETP trading volume in 2025.

“For us, with extensive experience in the ETF markets, it’s a more familiar problem. We’ve always priced and managed risk in products when parts of the primary market are closed. That already requires using models rather than relying purely on underlying market prices and we’ve built those pricing models over time in our ETF business, and they can be extended to tokenized markets,” Jansen said.

“Our role is to provide liquidity wherever the market develops,” he added.

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The new OTC service will expand coverage and evolve, with asset availability guided by institutional counterparty demand, ongoing regulatory developments, and the integration of supported trading venues.

Product offerings will therefore vary by jurisdiction and depend on client eligibility, with different members of the Flow Traders group providing access based on their respective regulatory statuses.

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Bhutan moves $72M in Bitcoin as sovereign holdings continue to decline

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BTC transfers from DHI-linked wallets.

Bhutan has transferred roughly $72.3 million in Bitcoin over the past 24 hours, continuing a steady pattern of trimming its sovereign holdings.

Summary

  • Bhutan transferred roughly $72.3 million in Bitcoin over 24 hours, with Druk Holding and Investments moving more than 973 BTC across multiple transactions.
  • Holdings have declined to over 4,400 BTC from a peak of 13,295 BTC in October 2024, as the country continues periodic sales from its sovereign reserve.

According to Arkham Intelligence data, Druk Holding and Investments, which manages the country’s crypto mining and treasury operations, has moved more than 973 BTC. The latest transfers come as Bhutan has continued to offload portions of its Bitcoin reserves in measured intervals.

BTC transfers from DHI-linked wallets.
BTC transfers from DHI-linked wallets | Source: Arkham Intelligence.

DHI’s last major transfer was flagged on March 10, when it moved more than 175 BTC worth around $11.8 million.

Arkham noted that the country periodically sells Bitcoin in clips of $5 million to $10 million, but current transfers appear larger in scale compared to the activity seen around September 2025.

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After the current transfers, Bhutan now holds more than 4,400 BTC, valued at over $322 million based on current market prices.

At its peak, Bhutan held 13,295 BTC in October 2024 and has since gradually reduced its holdings through a series of on-chain transfers.

Bhutan’s Bitcoin play

Bhutan has outlined a Bitcoin Development Pledge aimed at supporting the Kingdom of Bhutan’s long-term economic development through its mining operations and strategic reserves. Meanwhile, it has also committed to deploying part of its Bitcoin holdings toward the development of the Gelephu Mindfulness City.

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Further, Arkham added that Bhutan-linked wallets have not recorded inflows greater than $100 million over the past year. Many in the crypto community are now speculating that the country may have scaled back or ceased its mining operations.

However, there’s been no confirmation of any halt in mining activity.

Early reports suggest the country has been using renewable energy sources, particularly hydroelectric power, to sustain its Bitcoin mining operations.

The latest transfers come as the Bitcoin price has dropped over 4.5% in the last 24 hours, falling below the $71,000 mark as investors reacted to hotter-than-expected inflation concerns in the US. 

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Large-scale selling from sovereign entities like Bhutan could further exacerbate downward pressure on the asset, especially as the market remains sensitive to signs of reduced institutional conviction and potential sell-side liquidity from major holders.

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Retail ETF Frenzy Fueled Silver and Gold Boom and Bust

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Retail ETF Frenzy Fueled Silver and Gold Boom and Bust

Retail gold purchases have tripled over the last six months, while Wall Street selling has accelerated over the past four months, according to data from the Bank for International Settlements (BIS).

“Retail-driven exuberance,” increasingly channeled through exchange-traded funds (ETFs), “set the stage for outsize moves,” continuing the precious metal rally from 2025, reported the BIS in a quarterly review released on Monday. 

Since Q2 2025, retail investors have bought around $70 billion in gold ETFs, and these purchases have more than tripled over the last six months, observed the Kobeissi Letter, citing BIS data on Thursday.

“Retail investors are all-in on precious metals,” it noted. 

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Gold has surged 60% over the past year, and some crypto proponents have speculated it has come at the expense of Bitcoin, which some argue competes with gold as a store-of-value asset.

BIS data shows cumulative retail inflows effectively tripled from around $20 billion to roughly $60 billion over the six months from late Q3 2025 to the end of Q1 2026.

However, institutional selling started around mid-November and accelerated after the precious metals market began to correct in January, according to the data. 

Retail has been buying gold funds while institutions have been selling. Source: BIS

Leveraged liquidations amplified commodity drops 

Bitcoin (BTC) is not the only asset susceptible to high volatility from overleveraged positions

Prices of precious metals such as gold and silver reversed abruptly in late January and February 2026, while the “daily rebalancing of leveraged ETFs and margin‑triggered liquidations amplified the swings,” particularly in silver, BIS reported.

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Smaller speculative derivatives traders, or “non-reportables,” had built up heavily leveraged long positions in silver heading into the crash, it added. 

Gold prices are currently down 9% from their late January all-time high, while silver has slumped much harder, dropping 34% over the same period, according to GoldPrice.

Related: Bitcoin vs gold: ETF flows point to early capital rotation signs

The abrupt price drop and the spike in precious metal volatility “point to the role of retail flows, and amplification of price moves due to forced sales by leveraged ETFs, trend-following investors such as commodity trading advisers, and margin dynamics,” BIS stated. 

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Dollar strengthens as commodities and crypto weakens 

The bank concluded that gold and silver declines coincided with changing expectations around US monetary policy and the performance of the US dollar, which has gained 4.7% since late January, according to the DXY dollar index

“The precious metals crash seemingly coincided with shifts in expectations about the US dollar and the path of monetary policy, but it was hard to square with broader changes in fundamentals.”

Meanwhile, crypto markets have fallen around 43% from their October total capitalization peak as retail sentiment and interest in digital assets have dried up and remain at bear market levels.  

The dollar (DXY) has strengthened since gold peaked in late January. Source: TradingView

Magazine: Metaplanet’s Japan Bitcoin bet, Bithumb ordered suspension: Asia Express