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Ethereum eyes faster, tougher finality with Minimmit

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What wiped out $1.7 billion?

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin backs a controversial shift from Casper FFG to Minimmit, betting that making censorship harder matters more than preserving textbook fault‑tolerance as ETH trades near $2,000.

Summary

  • Vitalik proposes replacing Ethereum’s two‑round Casper FFG finality gadget with Minimmit, which finalizes blocks in a single round.
  • The trade‑off: fault tolerance drops from 33% to 17%, but censorship resistance and recovery from bugs or attacks arguably improve.
  • The debate lands as ETH hovers around $2,000, with markets weighing whether faster, more resilient finality can justify a premium in a choppy macro tape.

Vitalik Buterin has put his weight behind one of the most sensitive changes to Ethereum’s (ETH) core: ripping out the Casper FFG finality gadget and replacing it with Minimmit, a one‑round Byzantine fault‑tolerant scheme that deliberately relaxes some purity‑theory guarantees in exchange for what he frames as more “real world” safety.

Casper today requires validators to attest twice — once to justify a block, again to finalize it — and can tolerate up to 33% of stake behaving maliciously before the system’s guarantees break. Minimmit cuts that to a single round: faster and simpler, but with formal fault tolerance falling to 17% in the current proposed parameters.

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On paper, that looks like a downgrade. But Buterin’s thread makes a blunt argument: the worst real‑world attack is not finality reversion, it is censorship. Finality reversion creates undeniable cryptographic evidence and leads to massive slashing — millions of ETH, or billions of $, vaporized on‑chain — which makes such attacks economically absurd for any rational actor with that kind of capital. Censorship, by contrast, is messy: it forces users and developers into social coordination, soft forks, and political fights. In both the “ideal” three‑slot‑finality (3SF) model and Minimmit, an attacker needs 50% of stake to censor, but Minimmit shifts the thresholds at which an attacker can unilaterally finalize bad history, raising that bar from 67% to 83%. That, Buterin argues, maximizes scenarios where the network defaults to “two chains dueling” instead of “the wrong thing finalized” — an outcome that is chaotic but fixable.

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The backdrop is a market that is no longer paying for narratives alone. ETH trades around $2,000, down from prior cycle highs near $4,900, with volatility elevated and macro headwinds still in play. Traders have already seen the outline of Ethereum’s “fast L1” strawmap, which aims to cut slot times from 12 seconds to as low as 2 seconds and drive finality down to single‑digit seconds using Minimmit. If this redesign sticks, Ethereum stops competing only on rollup ecosystem and DeFi liquidity and starts competing on something brutally simple: how quickly and credibly your transaction becomes irreversible. In a market where ETH is still repricing its role versus L2s and rival L1s, Minimmit is not just a consensus tweak; it is an attempt to re‑anchor the asset’s value in raw, observable user experience: click, confirm, done.

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Crypto World

Bitcoin Drops Below $68K but Long-Term Holder Buying Accelerates

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Bitcoin Drops Below $68K but Long-Term Holder Buying Accelerates

Bitcoin (BTC) dropped toward $67,000 during the European trading session on Friday despite an increase in long-term buying. Exchange withdrawals also increased to 16-month highs, suggesting reduced “immediate selling pressure,” a new analysis said.

Key takeaways:

  • Bitcoin withdrawals from exchanges increases, reducing BTC available for sale.

  • Long-term holders accelerate accumulation, adding 155,450 BTC over the past 30 days.

  • Bitcoin analysts view $65,000–$66,000 as a potential support zone for a bounce.

Bitcoin supply tightens as long-term buying accelerates

CryptoQuant’s exchange flow data highlighted “renewed signs of supply tightening,” as large Bitcoin withdrawals continue across major exchanges. 

The chart below shows that investors withdrew nearly $1.6 billion of BTC from Bitfinex on March 16, as shown by the orange bar in the chart below.

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Related: Bitcoin floor ‘near $70K’ as TradFi returns: Will war, inflation break their belief?

Since then, the trend has expanded across other major exchanges, with a $678 million withdrawal from OKX on Sunday, a $728 million withdrawal from Kraken on Monday, and another $400 million in BTC leaving Binance on Wednesday.

“This pattern suggests that the latest wave of withdrawals is no longer isolated to one platform,” CryptoQuant analyst Amr Taha said in his latest QuickTake analysis. 

Bitcoin exchanges netflow, $. Source: CryptoQuant

The figures support the latest data showing Bitcoin whales and sharks have been accumulating over the last two months, a pattern that could trigger an eventual breakout from the range

Other data also reflects an accumulation phase, as long-term holders (LTHs), investors who have held Bitcoin for more than 155 days, ramped up buying.

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The LTH net position change has been positive since March 5, as about 155,450 BTC has been bought over the past 30 days.

In other words, holders are buying more on the dips, including the latest one below $68,000.

Bitcoin: LTH net position change. Source: Glassnode

When Bitcoin leaves exchanges while LTHs expand their positions, it “usually signals lower immediate sell pressure and stronger conviction from investors with a longer time horizon,” Amr Taha said.

If this trend continues, the market could be entering another phase where tightening sell-side liquidity and stronger LTH demand “create a more supportive backdrop for price,” the analyst added.

Bitcoin price to revisit $65,000 before bounce

As Cointelegraph reported, $70,000 remains the key for the Bitcoin bulls and that losing it could trigger the next leg down.

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The BTC/USD pair was trading below $67,000 at the time of writing, below the 50-day simple moving average (SMA) and the 200-week exponential moving average (EMA).

Bears will attempt to push the price toward the $65,000-$63,300 demand zone, with a deeper focus on the range low below $60,000, reached on Feb. 6.

BTC/USD daily chart. Source: Cointelegraph/TradingView

“It’s quite clear that there’s not enough strength for the markets to move higher after that rejection at $75K,” MN Capital founder Michael van de Poppe said in a recent X post.

An accompanying chart suggested that the price was seeking to print a higher low within the $65,000 to $66,000 range, failing which “we’ll start to see an acceleration downwards,” van de Poppe said, adding:

“I would be looking at longs in the lower-$60K range.”

BTC/USD daily chart. Source: Michael van de Poppe

The Glassnode liquidity heatmap highlighted “stronger” whale bid orders near $65,000, suggesting that the BTC price could retest this area before a bounce.

Bitcoin whale orders. Source: CoinGlass

As Cointelegraph reported, a break and close below the ascending trend line at $68,000 could result in Bitcoin price dropping toward $60,000, where it could consolidate next.