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Ethereum Protocol Restructures Into Three Tracks to Drive Scaling and Security Goals in 2026

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Nexo Partners with Bakkt for US Crypto Exchange and Yield Programs

TLDR:

  • Ethereum shipped Pectra and Fusaka in 2025, doubling blob throughput and enabling validator data sampling via PeerDAS. 
  • The new Scale track merges L1 and blob scaling efforts, targeting gas limits beyond 100M under unified leadership. 
  • The Improve UX track advances native account abstraction and cross-L2 interoperability as top priorities for 2026. 
  • The new Harden the L1 track addresses post-quantum security, censorship resistance, and network testing infrastructure.

 

Ethereum Protocol has announced a major structural shift heading into 2026. The Ethereum Foundation’s Protocol team has reorganized its work into three core tracks: Scale, Improve UX, and Harden the L1.

This follows a productive 2025 that saw two major network upgrades shipped. The restructuring reflects a more mature approach to developing Ethereum’s infrastructure. It also sets a clear roadmap for the year ahead, covering scaling, usability, and network security.

Ethereum Protocol Reflects on a Productive 2025

Ethereum Protocol shipped two major upgrades in 2025: Pectra in May and Fusaka in December. Pectra introduced EIP-7702, allowing externally owned accounts to temporarily execute smart contract code.

This enabled transaction batching, gas sponsorship, and social recovery for users. Pectra also doubled blob throughput and raised the max effective validator balance to 2,048 ETH.

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Fusaka brought PeerDAS to mainnet, changing how validators handle blob data. Instead of downloading full blob data, validators now sample it, cutting bandwidth requirements.

This change enabled an 8x increase in theoretical blob capacity. Two additional Blob Parameter Only forks shipped alongside Fusaka to begin ramping up blobs per block.

Beyond the two forks, the mainnet gas limit rose from 30M to 60M during 2025. This marked the first meaningful gas limit increase since 2021.

History expiry also removed pre-Merge data from full nodes, saving hundreds of gigabytes of disk space. On the UX side, the Open Intents Framework reached production and cross-chain address standards moved forward.

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These milestones made 2025 one of the most active years at the Ethereum protocol level. With those deliverables behind it, the team saw an opportunity to restructure.

The new track model moves away from milestone-driven initiatives. It instead organizes work around longer-term goals.

Three Tracks Now Guide Ethereum Protocol’s Direction

The Scale track merges what were previously two separate efforts: Scale L1 and Scale Blobs. Led by Ansgar Dietrichs, Marius van der Wijden, and Raúl Kripalani, it targets gas limits beyond 100M.

The track also covers ePBS, zkEVM attester client development, and statelessness research. Blob scaling and execution scaling are treated as one connected effort.

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The Improve UX track, led by Barnabé Monnot and Matt Garnett, focuses on account abstraction and interoperability. EIP-7701 and EIP-8141 are pushing smart account logic directly into the protocol.

Work here also connects to post-quantum readiness, since native account abstraction offers a natural path away from ECDSA. Cross-L2 interactions and faster confirmations remain central priorities.

The Harden the L1 track is entirely new and is led by Fredrik Svantes, Parithosh Jayanthi, and Thomas Thiery. Fredrik leads the Trillion Dollar Security Initiative, covering post-quantum hardening and trustless RPCs.

Thomas focuses on censorship resistance research, including FOCIL (EIP-7805) and measurable resistance metrics. Parithosh oversees devnets, testnets, and client interoperability testing infrastructure.

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Glamsterdam is the next planned network upgrade, targeting the first half of 2026. Hegotá is expected to follow later in the year.

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Crypto World

Circle Stock Surges as Stablecoins Expand; Canaan Boosts Bitcoin Holdings

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Circle Stock Surges as Stablecoins Expand; Canaan Boosts Bitcoin Holdings

A selloff in both Wall Street and crypto markets hasn’t slowed Circle’s relentless rise. The stablecoin issuer’s stock has more than doubled since early February, with Bernstein analysts expecting further gains as stablecoins continue expanding beyond crypto’s more speculative use cases.

The technology is already moving deeper into traditional finance. UK insurance giant Aon recently piloted stablecoin payments for insurance premiums with Coinbase and Paxos, a move that could make cross-border premium payments faster and more efficient.

Elsewhere, Bitcoin (BTC) miner Canaan is taking a contrarian approach to treasury management, increasing its BTC holdings even as many competitors sell. And in traditional finance, Wells Fargo has filed a trademark for crypto-related services, suggesting large banks are still quietly preparing for deeper involvement in digital assets.

Circle stock surges on stablecoin tailwinds

Shares of stablecoin issuer Circle are rallying sharply in 2026 as Wall Street warms to the long-term growth story behind digital dollars. Analysts at Bernstein recently reiterated an “Outperform” rating on the stock, setting a $190 price target — roughly 60% above current levels.

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Circle’s stock price has already more than doubled since early February and is up roughly 49% year-to-date, outperforming both the S&P 500 index and Nasdaq 100 index during the same period.

Bernstein’s bullish outlook hinges on accelerating stablecoin adoption across payments, financial infrastructure and onchain settlement. As the issuer of USDC (USDC), the world’s second-largest US dollar-pegged stablecoin, Circle is increasingly viewed as a key beneficiary of the industry’s push into mainstream finance.

USDC’s circulation reaches nearly $79 billion. Source: DeFiLlama

Canaan boosts Bitcoin reserves while other miners sell

Bitcoin miner Canaan is expanding its BTC treasury amid a market downturn, while many rival public mining companies are reducing their holdings.

The company mined 86 BTC in February, increasing its total Bitcoin holdings to 1,793 BTC. Canaan also reported holding 3,952 Ether (ETH), bringing its total crypto reserves to record levels.

The accumulation trend stands in contrast to much of the mining sector. Several publicly traded miners have sold significant portions of their Bitcoin reserves over the past several months as tighter margins and post-halving economics put pressure on balance sheets.

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Canaan, meanwhile, continues to expand its mining footprint, including operations in Texas — one of the largest mining hubs in the United States.

Canaan’s Bitcoin holdings keep rising. Source: BitcoinTreasuries.NET

Aon pilots stablecoin payments for insurance premiums

Global insurance broker Aon is exploring the use of stablecoins to settle insurance premiums, working with crypto companies Paxos and Coinbase on the initiative.

The goal is to streamline cross-border payments, which often involve multiple banks, currency conversions and settlement delays. Stablecoins could allow insurers and clients to move funds more quickly while reducing costs and processing time.

For the insurance industry, faster settlement could simplify premium collection, improve cash flow management and reduce the administrative work tied to international payments. It may also make it easier to handle large cross-border policies and reinsurance transactions.

The pilot reflects a broader trend of stablecoins use expanding beyond crypto trading into real-world financial use cases, particularly in areas where global payments remain slow and expensive.

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Wells Fargo files trademark for crypto services 

US banking giant Wells Fargo has filed a US trademark application for “WFUSD,” signaling potential plans to expand deeper into crypto services.

The filing covers a range of blockchain-related offerings, including crypto trading, payments, digital wallet services and software for staking and custody. It also references financial services built on distributed ledger technology.

The trademark is significant because Wells Fargo is the fourth-largest US bank, with about $1.95 trillion in assets as of Q3 2025, according to S&P Global Market Intelligence.

Trademark filings don’t necessarily guarantee a product launch, but they often indicate areas companies are exploring. In this case, the scope suggests Wells Fargo may be evaluating crypto-based payments or a tokenized dollar product under the WFUSD name.

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Wells Fargo trademark application. Source: USPTO

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