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From stablecoins to CBDCs: Money is being redefined

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Michael Egorov

Disclosure: The views and opinions expressed here belong solely to the author and do not represent the views and opinions of crypto.news’ editorial.

To anyone who pays genuine attention to the stablecoin market, it comes as no secret that these assets have firmly entrenched themselves among the most important building blocks of the modern digital economy. By late 2025, the total stablecoin market cap had already surpassed the point of $300 billion, which tells us a lot about how much trust people are putting in them. 

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Summary

  • Stablecoins have crossed the threshold: With $300B+ market cap and surging card usage, they’re no longer experimental — they’re becoming core payment infrastructure.
  • Banks are reacting, not leading: Nearly half of banks are integrating stablecoins, while CBDCs signal central banks are adapting to rails already built by crypto.
  • Liquidity is the real backbone: Yield-enhancing DeFi protocols transform idle capital into deep, 24/7 settlement infrastructure — making programmable money scalable.

Stablecoins get used so much today because they’re fast, borderless, and increasingly reliable. They move value instantly and behave predictably in ways that traditional payments increasingly don’t. It’s not really a question anymore whether stablecoins will stick around. The real question is how they will be adopted — and who will drive that adoption.

The passage of the GENIUS Act in the U.S. was a strong signal that payment stablecoins are entering a new phase. And regulation isn’t arriving just to slow the sector down; instead, it’s stepping up to give stablecoins a defined role in the broader financial system. For the first time, we’ve seen a clear path being introduced for payment stablecoins to operate alongside TradFi systems, rather than simply existing at their edges. They are actively becoming a settlement tool that can be used in practice alongside traditional financial instruments.

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Adoption is already happening — but outside traditional rails

I find it important to mention that even outside any formal and large-scale integration by major payment platforms, adoption is spreading at its own pace. There is a growing number of fintechs that are building products at the intersection of crypto, stablecoins, and payments. Companies like ether.fi, Monerium, or Holyheld are already enabling real-world stablecoin usage through their financial tools and offerings. One particularly notable case of this is the exponential growth of crypto cards, utilized for everyday spending among crypto users. A study in Q3 2025 showed that a little over 60% of surveyed users already use these cards for transactions and commonplace purchases.

Meanwhile, we also have data from big names like Visa that their issuance and spending via crypto cards saw a massive rise over the course of the previous year. From January to December 2025, the total transaction volume jumped 525%, with the net spending climbing to $91 million by year-end. All of this evidence points to the rapid adoption of crypto instruments in the mainstream, and stablecoins are the primary way to power those cards.

This usage also highlights another trend that’s becoming more prominent: the growing role of non-USD stablecoins. Assets such as EURe and the more recent ZCHF are finding real demand in payment flows, especially in Europe and Switzerland, where users value on-chain settlement without taking unnecessary dollar exposure.

Euro-denominated stablecoins are rapidly developing under Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation, and Europe now has multiple compliant euro stablecoins with real transaction volume and fintech integration. A recent report indicates that over the past several years, the total volume of euro stablecoin transactions has grown to surpass €8 billion, showing how non-USD stablecoins are increasingly gaining traction.

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The role of banks in stablecoin adoption

Naturally, this shift raises questions about where traditional banks are supposed to fit into the picture. Many people assume banks will be central to stablecoin adoption going forward. And it’s true that they are paying more attention now: this asset class has grown into something large enough that they can no longer dismiss it, and public acknowledgements of their importance are becoming more common. 

A recently conducted survey showed that in 2025, 49% of banks, including some Tier-1s, are already integrating stablecoins into their operations. In Switzerland, for example, over half of banks with active crypto offerings are planning to also include stablecoin-related services.

Looking ahead, I think that a much greater shift may come when central banks start introducing stablecoin-like CBDCs. Some among them, such as the European Central Bank (ECB), are already exploring this direction: particularly wholesale CBDCs intended for interbank settlements rather than retail use. 

These projects involve active collaborations between central banks in France, Germany, Italy, and other countries. And if these efforts succeed and wholesale CBDCs eventually start operating on public blockchain infrastructure — potentially even platforms like Ethereum (ETH) — the impact would be tremendous. It would be a tectonic shift in what’s happening under the hood of the global financial system and how money moves across borders.

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Consumers and the rise of redeemable stablecoins

Compared to banks, though, an even greater driver of specifically stablecoin adoption, to my mind, is going to be the consumer. Throughout 2025, we saw more and more use cases for redeemable stablecoins in commonplace financial activities. Major payment networks such as Visa and Mastercard are integrating these assets into their infrastructure, providing settlement solutions and merchant acceptance that extend stablecoin utility into mainstream payments.

Redeemable stablecoins give people more options for day-to-day transactions: payments, transfers, savings, and simple on-chain interactions. All without the friction of legacy systems. From the average user’s point of view, that’s a clear improvement.

Because of this, as we move deeper into 2026, I expect consumer adoption of redeemable stablecoins to be one of the main forces behind the continued growth of this market. Broadly speaking, people adopt financial tools because they work, and stablecoins do work. If a coin is easy to use, settles instantly, and can be redeemed without too much hassle, it will likely find users. 

Banks may eventually integrate these tools, but as I said, in most cases, they will be responding to behavior that already exists, not initiating it.

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The role of decentralized stablecoins

Alongside consumer-facing stablecoins, fully decentralized stablecoins remain essential for on-chain finance. While these assets can be used for retail payments, that’s not what they were primarily designed for. What they do in practice is power smart contracts, automated settlement, derivatives, and decentralized lending.

They form the programmable layer that allows financial logic to execute without intermediaries. In many cases, yield-enhancing protocols depend on these decentralized assets to function reliably. In other words, if consumer stablecoins expand usage, decentralized stablecoins power the infrastructure behind that usage. Together, they create a system that is both practical and resilient.

Yield-enhancing protocols: Liquidity as infrastructure

It should be noted that none of these scales has liquidity, which is the real backbone of stablecoin adoption. And this is where yield-enhancing protocols play a critical role.

Yield-generating DeFi protocols unlock idle capital and redirect it into productive use. Instead of liquidity sitting dormant, it can be deployed into automated market makers, lending pools, and cross-chain settlement layers. This creates deeper markets, tighter spreads, and more reliable execution — all of which are essential factors for payments to happen at scale.

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In cross-border contexts, this matters even more. Yield-enhancing liquidity pools reduce the cost of moving value between currencies and jurisdictions. They replace fragmented correspondent banking networks with on-chain systems that are transparent, available 24/7, and economically incentivized to remain liquid. When liquidity is deep and incentives are aligned, users don’t need to worry about whether a payment will clear or whether value will be available on the other side.

What comes next

Ultimately, stablecoins are not here to replace banks overnight, and they don’t need to do it to find success, either. They have a more fundamental role to play, and that is to introduce a faster, programmable, and globally accessible financial layer. Stablecoins are meant to do what money should do in the first place: maintain value, move instantly when needed, and earn the trust of the people using them. 

On all three fronts, they are evolving quickly — and in many cases, outperforming the incumbents. The digital dollar accelerates this shift, yield-enhancing protocols make it scalable, and consumer adoption makes it real. How far this can go depends only on what we build next.

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Michael Egorov

Michael Egorov

Michael Egorov is a physicist, entrepreneur, and crypto maximalist who stood at the origins of DeFi creation. He is a founder of Curve Finance, a decentralized exchange designed for efficient and low-slippage trading of stablecoins. Since the inception of Curve Finance in 2020, Michael has developed all his solutions and products independently. His extensive scientific experience in physics, software engineering, and cryptography aids him in product creation. Today, Curve Finance is one of the top three DeFi exchanges regarding the total volume of funds locked in smart contracts.

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Crypto World

Bitcoin $60K Retest Odds Rise As Bearish Options, ETF Outflows Show Fear

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Bitcoin $60K Retest Odds Rise As Bearish Options, ETF Outflows Show Fear

Key takeaways:

  • Professional traders are paying a 13% premium for downside protection as Bitcoin struggles to maintain support above $66,000.

  • While stocks and gold remain strong, $910 million in Bitcoin ETF outflows suggest that institutional investor caution is rising.

Bitcoin (BTC) price entered a downward spiral after rejecting near $71,000 on Sunday. Despite successfully defending the $66,000 level throughout the week, options markets reflect growing fear as professional traders avoid downside price exposure. 

Even with relative strength in the stock market and gold prices, traders seem to be effectively betting on a $60,000 retest rather than overreacting to Bitcoin price dips.

BTC two-month options delta skew (put-call) at Deribit. Source: laevitas.ch

Bitcoin put (sell) options traded at a 13% premium relative to call (buy) instruments on Thursday. Under neutral conditions, the delta skew metric typically ranges between -6% and +6%, indicating balanced demand for upside and downside strategies. The fact that these levels have been sustained over the past four weeks shows that professional sentiment is leaning heavily toward caution.

Top BTC options strategies at Derbit past 48h, USD. Source: Laevitas.ch

This bearish bias is clear in the neutral-to-bearish positioning seen in Bitcoin options. According to Laevitas data, the bear diagonal spread, short straddle and short risk reversal were the most traded strategies on the Deribit exchange over the past 48 hours.

The first lowers the cost of the bearish bet because the short-term option loses value faster, while the second maximizes profit if Bitcoin price barely moves. The short risk reversal, on the other hand, generates profit from a downward move with little to no upfront cost, but it carries unlimited risk if the price spikes.

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Weak institutional demand for Bitcoin ETFs fuels discontent

To better gauge the risk appetite of traders, analysts often look at stablecoin demand in China. When investors rush to exit the cryptocurrency market, this indicator usually drops below parity.

USD stablecoin premium/discount relative to USD/CNY rate. Source: OKX

Under neutral conditions, stablecoins should trade at a 0.5% to 1% premium relative to the US dollar/Yuan exchange rate. This premium compensates for the high costs of traditional FX conversion, remittance fees and the regulatory friction caused by China’s capital controls. The current 0.2% discount suggests moderate outflows, though this is an improvement from the 1.4% discount seen on Monday.

Part of the current discontent among traders can be explained by the lackluster flows in Bitcoin exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which serve as a proxy for institutional demand. 

Related: Bitcoin ETFs still sit on $53B in net inflows despite recent outflows–Bloomberg

US-listed Bitcoin ETFs daily net flows, USD. Source: Farside Investors

US-listed Bitcoin ETFs have seen $910 million in total outflows since Feb. 11, which likely caught bulls off balance, especially as Bitcoin traded 47% below its all-time high while gold prices hovered near $5,000, up 15% in just two months. Similarly, the S&P 500 index sat only 2% below its own all-time high, indicating that this risk-aversion is largely restricted to the cryptocurrency sector.

While Bitcoin options signal a fear of further downside, traders are likely staying extremely cautious until a clear rationale for the crash to $60,200 on Feb. 6 finally emerges.

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