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No Systemic Failures, Rising On-Chain Assets

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No Systemic Failures, Rising On-Chain Assets


Chainlink’s Nazarov said real-world assets could surpass cryptocurrencies in total value.

Bitcoin and the rest of the cryptocurrencies can’t shake off the doldrums. Despite the ongoing weakness, this cycle has at least avoided major institutional failures that were seen in past bear markets.

And as investors weather the drawdowns, real-world assets (RWAs) are quietly expanding on-chain regardless of crypto prices.

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RWAs Keep Moving On-Chain

In a recent post on X, Chainlink co-founder Sergey Nazarov highlighted that, unlike the previous cycle, which saw the collapse of FTX and multiple lenders during large price drops, this cycle has not produced large systemic risks. He said that crypto systems have managed price and liquidity drawdowns more effectively, thereby creating a more “reliable” environment for both retail and institutional capital.

Nazarov also said that the migration of real-world assets onto blockchains is accelerating independently of cryptocurrency prices. He pointed to ongoing RWA issuance and the growth of on-chain perpetual markets for traditional commodities such as silver, which are rivaling traditional markets, particularly during periods when permissioned trading becomes more restrictive or risky.

According to Nazarov, the growth of RWAs is driven by the value of 24/7/365 markets, on-chain collateral management, and access to reliable market data, rather than fluctuations in Bitcoin or other crypto assets.

He identified three trends expected to shape the next stage of crypto adoption. First, on-chain perpetual markets and tokenized real-world assets provide long-term, durable value. Second, institutional adoption is being driven by fundamental technological advantages, including permissionless, always-on DeFi markets. Third, infrastructure supporting RWAs is in increasing demand, as more complex assets require reliable systems for tokenization, data management, and market operation.

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Nazarov added that if current trends continue, RWAs on-chain could surpass cryptocurrencies in total value, and potentially redefine the industry while continuing to support cryptocurrency growth by bringing more capital on-chain.

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Developer Activity Across RWA Projects

Data shared by Santiment shows strong developer activity across RWA projects over the past 30 days. Hedera (HBAR) ranked first, followed by Chainlink (LINK) and Avalanche (AVAX). Stellar (XLM) and IOTA (IOTA) placed fourth and fifth. Chia Network (XCH), VeChain (VET), Lumerin (LMR), Creditcoin (CTC), and Injective (INJ) completed the top ten.

The rankings also revealed that RWA-focused blockchain projects continue to see steady development activity despite market turbulence.

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What It Actually Takes to Prove Someone Is Satoshi Nakamoto

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What It Actually Takes to Prove Someone Is Satoshi Nakamoto

Verifying Satoshi Nakamoto: A matter of math, not media

From time to time, individuals claim to be Satoshi Nakamoto, Bitcoin’s pseudonymous creator. Such announcements generate headlines, spark heated debates and trigger instant skepticism. Yet after years of assertions, lawsuits, leaked files and media interviews, no claim has been backed by definitive proof.

The reason is simple. Proving someone is Satoshi is not a matter of storytelling, credentials or courtroom victories. It is a cryptographic problem governed by unforgiving rules.

Nakamoto built Bitcoin (BTC) to function as a peer-to-peer (P2P) cryptocurrency without requiring trust in people. It is widely assumed that Satoshi Nakamoto is an adopted name rather than a real one. As a result, anyone who claims to be Satoshi, or is presented as such, must prove that identity. That proof would likely involve identity documents, historical communication records and, most critically, control of a private key associated with one of Bitcoin’s earliest addresses.

Over the years, several individuals have been speculated to be Satoshi Nakamoto, but only a few have publicly claimed to be the creator of Bitcoin.

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The most prominent claimant is Craig Steven Wright, who repeatedly asserted that he was Satoshi. That claim collapsed after a UK High Court ruling explicitly determined he was not Satoshi Nakamoto and sharply criticized the credibility of his evidence.

Dorian S. Nakamoto was identified by Newsweek in 2014 as Satoshi Nakamoto, but he immediately denied any connection to Bitcoin’s creator. Early Bitcoin pioneer Hal Finney also rejected speculation that he was Satoshi Nakamoto before his passing. Nick Szabo has likewise been speculated to be Satoshi over the years and has consistently denied the claim.

What constitutes genuine proof of ownership in Bitcoin

In cryptographic systems like Bitcoin, identity is bound to private key ownership. Demonstrating control requires signing a message with that key, a process that anyone can verify publicly.

This distinction is clear:

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  • Evidence can be debated, interpreted or challenged.

  • Cryptographic verification is binary; it either checks out or it does not.

Bitcoin’s verification model does not rely on authority, credentials or expert consensus. It depends on mathematics, not people, institutions or opinion.

Did you know? Early Bitcoin forum posts and the white paper used British spellings like “colour” and “favour.” This sparked theories about Satoshi’s geographic background, though linguists caution that spelling alone can be easily imitated or deliberately altered.

The gold standard: Signing with early keys

The most conclusive proof of being Satoshi would be a public message signed using a private key from one of Bitcoin’s earliest blocks, particularly those associated with Satoshi’s known mining activity in 2009.

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Such a signature would be:

  • Verifiable by anyone using standard tools

  • Impossible to forge without the actual private key

  • Free from dependence on courts, media or trusted third parties.

The tools required for such proof are simple, accessible and decisive, yet no one has ever provided it.

Did you know? Satoshi gradually stepped away from public communication in 2010, just as Bitcoin started attracting developers and media attention. Their final known message suggested they had “moved on to other things,” fueling speculation about motive and timing.

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Moving early coins: Even more powerful, but improbable

An even stronger demonstration would be transferring Bitcoin from an untouched Satoshi-era wallet. That single onchain action would dispel nearly all doubt.

Yet it carries massive downsides:

  • Instant worldwide scrutiny

  • Severe personal security threats

  • Potential tax, legal and regulatory fallout

  • Market disruption from anticipated dumps.

The most ironclad proof is also the most disruptive. It makes inaction a rational choice, even for the true creator.

Did you know? Blockchain researchers estimate that early mining patterns linked to Satoshi may represent roughly 1 million BTC, making those dormant wallets some of the most closely watched in crypto history.

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Why documents, emails and code don’t settle the ownership

While emails, draft papers, forum posts and code contributions can support a claim, they do not constitute definitive evidence. Such materials can be forged, edited, selectively leaked or misinterpreted.

Code authorship does not prove key control. In Bitcoin, keys define identity, and everything else is secondary. Analysis of emails, draft papers and forum posts may offer intriguing correlations between an individual and Bitcoin, but it lacks certainty. The samples are limited, and styles can overlap or be mimicked.

In social settings or conventional legal disputes, identity can be supported by personal testimony or documentation. However, such evidence is irrelevant within Bitcoin’s decentralized model.

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Human memory is fallible, and incentives can be misaligned. Bitcoin was designed specifically to avoid reliance on such factors. Cryptographic proof removes any human role from the verification process.

Why partial proof is not proof

Some claimants offer evidence behind closed doors. However, material shown only to select individuals, or signatures produced using later Bitcoin keys, does not meet the required standard.

To convince the world, proof must be:

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  • Public: Visible to anyone

  • Reproducible: Independently verifiable

  • Direct: Tied to Satoshi-era keys.

Anything less leaves room for doubt, which is unacceptable to the Bitcoin community.

For Bitcoin to function, its creator does not need to be known or visible. On the contrary, its decentralization narrative is strengthened by the creator’s absence. There is no founder to defer to, no authority to appeal to and no identity to attack or defend.

While most organizations or projects rely on founders or management teams, Bitcoin functions precisely because identity is irrelevant.

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Cardano price forecast: will ADA breakout or decline further from here?

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A Cardano (ADA) cryptocurrency token placed on a table with a blurred upward-trending market chart in the background.
A Cardano (ADA) cryptocurrency token placed on a table with a blurred upward-trending market chart in the background.
  • Cardano (ADA) may rebound if it breaks resistance near $0.31–$0.35.
  • Leios upgrade aims to boost Cardano’s speed, security, and decentralisation.
  • CME futures launch adds regulated institutional exposure to ADA.

Cardano (ADA) has struggled to regain momentum over the past year.

Currently, ADA is trading at $0.2635, with a slight 0.7% increase in the last 24 hours.

The 24-hour range spans from $0.2611 to $0.2723, reflecting modest intraday volatility.

Over the last seven days, ADA has lost about 11%, and its one-year performance remains down 62.4%.

Despite the persistent bear market, Cardano’s trading volumes over 24 hours remain significantly high at $407.8 million, indicating that the token continues to see active trading.

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Market catalysts and institutional support

Cardano’s broader market outlook is influenced by the upcoming layer-1 upgrade dubbed Ouroboros Leios.

The Ouroboros Leios upgrade, confirmed at a Tokyo community event on the Midnight Japan Tour by Input Output’s Michael Smolenski and Cardano founder Charles Hoskinson, is expected to improve scalability, security, and decentralisation.

Leios will introduce parallel block processing to increase transaction throughput dramatically.

If successful, this upgrade could address the blockchain trilemma and attract more developers and users to the network.

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On the institutional front, the CME Group recently launched ADA futures, including standard and micro contracts.

These futures provide regulated exposure to Cardano for professional traders and investors.

The addition of micro contracts lowers the entry barrier and may boost liquidity in the short to medium term.

Historical price data also provides context.

ADA’s all-time high was $3.09 in September 2021, while its all-time low of $0.01925 in March 2020 demonstrates the token’s extreme volatility.

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Despite its current decline, ADA has grown by over 1,200% from its lowest point, showing long-term resilience.

Cardano technical outlook

From a technical standpoint, ADA faces key resistance around $0.28 to $0.31, which could define the short-term trajectory.

The Relative Strength Index (RSI) is near 33, suggesting the token is approaching oversold conditions.

The Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) indicator also shows bearish momentum, although the potential for reversal exists if buyers step in.

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Cardano price analysis
Cardano price market | Source: TradingView

Bollinger Bands indicate that the price is near the lower range, hinting at some room for a bounce.

On the upside, a recovery above $0.31 could open the path toward $0.35, while a failure to hold support near $0.25–$0.26 may push ADA lower.

Analysts note that an inverse head-and-shoulders pattern may be forming, signalling a potential trend reversal.

They highlight that a breakout above $0.275–$0.28 could target $0.346, representing roughly a 30% upside from current levels if the selling pressure continues to ease and trading volume confirms the move.

Ultimately, ADA’s next move will depend on whether buyers gain confidence and push the token above resistance.

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UK Central Bank to Launch Onchain Settlement Infrastructure Pilot

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UAE, Singapore, China, Business, New York, Bank of England, United Kingdom, CBDC, Tokenization

The Bank of England has launched a new industry experimentation initiative to explore how tokenized assets could be settled using synchronized, atomic settlement in British pounds sterling as part of efforts to modernize the UK’s real-time gross settlement (RTGS) infrastructure.

The Synchronisation Lab initiative will allow 18 selected companies to test delivery-versus-payment and payment-versus-payment settlement between the BoE’s next-generation RTGS core ledger, known as RT2, and external distributed-ledger platforms, in a non-live environment without using real money, according to a bank statement.

The six-month pilot, scheduled to start in spring 2026, is intended to validate the central bank’s design choices for synchronized settlement, assess interoperability between central bank money and tokenized assets, and inform the development of a potential future live RTGS synchronization capability.

Originally announced in October, the initiative brings together 18 participants, including market infrastructure providers, banks, fintechs and decentralized-technology companies to test use cases spanning tokenized securities settlement, collateral optimisation, foreign exchange and digital-money issuance.

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UAE, Singapore, China, Business, New York, Bank of England, United Kingdom, CBDC, Tokenization
Source: Chainlink

Among the Web3 participants, Chainlink and UAC Labs will test decentralized approaches to coordinating synchronized settlement between central bank money and assets issued on distributed-ledger platforms. Companies such as Ctrl Alt and Monee will focus on delivery-versus-payment settlement for tokenized gilts and other securities.

Other participants, including Tokenovate and Atumly, will test conditional margin payment workflows and digital-money issuance and redemption flows designed to coordinate with RTGS settlement. The roster also includes Swift and LSEG.

The bank said the work of the lab initiative will be used to refine the design of its RTGS synchronization capability and support further development work, with participants expected to present their use cases and findings following the conclusion of the program.

Related: UK Lords launch stablecoin inquiry as Bank of England moves to finalize rules

Global central banks expand pilots

The Bank of England is just one of a roster of central banks exploring how tokenization, programmable settlement and digital currencies could reshape their core monetary and payment systems.

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In May, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and the Bank for International Settlements published research from Project Pine examining how smart contracts could support monetary policy in tokenized financial systems, including a prototype toolkit for faster and more flexible central bank actions on programmable ledgers.

In October, the Monetary Authority of Singapore announced BLOOM, an initiative aimed at expanding settlement infrastructure to support transactions in tokenized bank liabilities and regulated stablecoins.