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South Korea’s FSS to probe whale manipulation and spoofing in crypto markets

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South Korea’s FSS to probe whale manipulation and spoofing in crypto markets

South Korea’s Financial Supervisory Service plans to conduct an investigation into high-risk areas of the virtual asset market, such as whale-driven manipulation and API-based spoofing, according to local media.

Summary

  • South Korea’s FSS will investigate whale-driven manipulation, spoofing via APIs, and token price inflation tactics.
  • AI tools will be deployed to detect abnormal trading patterns and voice phishing.
  • The FSS will also introduce fines for IT-related incidents and tighten on-site inspections.

The FSS is ramping up enforcement efforts as part of its 2026 plan and will utilize advanced tools like artificial intelligence to identify suspicious trading patterns, alongside legislative frameworks like the Digital Asset Basic Act to curb market abuse and enhance oversight in the crypto industry, Yonhap said on Feb. 9.

According to the reports, the FSS will conduct an investigation into practices like whale price manipulation, alongside schemes like the “net cage” method, where withdrawals and deposits have been suspended on specific tokens, and acts like the “horse racing” tactic involving large-scale buying to quickly increase the price of a token at a specific point in time.

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Among other areas, the FSS will also scrutinize the use of API orders for market manipulation and investigate cases where social media is used to spread false information and influence token prices.

The FSS plans to use artificial intelligence to detect price manipulation at the second- and minute-level, automatically flag suspicious trading intervals and groups, and conduct text analysis to uncover coordinated manipulation efforts. AI will also be used to prevent voice phishing scams by facilitating real-time information sharing between telecommunications and financial companies and laying the groundwork for a future compensation system for affected victims.

At the same time, it will introduce a dedicated preparatory team to support and ensure the smooth implementation of the second phase of the Digital Asset Basic Act. The team will establish a disclosure system for token issuance and trading support, and develop guidelines for the proper reviewing and licensing of crypto exchanges and stablecoin issuers.

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A special judicial police consultative body will be established to strengthen on-site enforcement for financial crimes against consumers, in line with President Lee Jae-myung’s plan to prioritize crackdowns on abusive financial practices.

A separate team will focus on IT risks across the financial sector, and new fines for IT-related incidents will be introduced as a punitive measure. Companies that fail to properly manage IT assets or identify and address security vulnerabilities in their systems would be subject to on-site inspections and audits.

The latest notification comes just days after Bithumb, South Korea’s second-largest crypto exchange, became the center of controversy after an internal error led to the accidental distribution of 2,000 Bitcoin to users. As a result, the price of Bitcoin on the platform briefly fell more than 10% below prices on other major exchanges.

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Crypto World

Why Critics of Hyperliquid and Its Rivals Keep Facing Backlash

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Top crypto decentralized derivatives exchanges ranked

An analysis by Coinglass comparing perpetual decentralized exchange (perp DEX) data has sparked fierce debate and, in the process, highlighted rifts within the crypto derivatives sector.

The study exposed marked discrepancies in trading volumes, open interest, and liquidations across Hyperliquid, Aster, and Lighter. Users are left asking what qualifies as genuine trading activity on these platforms.

Coinglass Data Sparks Debate Over Authentic Trading on Perpetual DEXs

Coinglass is facing backlash after publishing a comparison of perp DEXs, questioning whether reported trading volumes across parts of the sector reflect genuine market activity.

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A 24-hour snapshot comparing Hyperliquid, Aster, and Lighter shows that:

  • Hyperliquid recorded approximately $3.76 billion in trading volume, $4.05 billion in open interest, and $122.96 million in liquidations.
  • Aster posted $2.76 billion in volume, $927 million in open interest, and $7.2 million in liquidations
  • Lighter reported $1.81 billion in volume, $731 million in open interest, and $3.34 million in liquidations.
Top crypto decentralized derivatives exchanges ranked
Top crypto decentralized derivatives exchanges ranked. Source: Coinglass on X

According to Coinglass, such discrepancies can matter. In perpetual futures markets, high trading volume driven by leveraged positions typically correlates with open-interest dynamics and liquidation activity during price moves.

Exchange Liquidations
Exchange Liquidations. Source: Coinglass on X

The firm suggested that, rather than organic hedging demand, the combination of high reported volume and relatively low liquidations may indicate:

  • Incentive-driven trading
  • Market-maker looping, or
  • Points farming.

Based on this, Coinglass concludes that Hyperliquid showed stronger internal consistency across key metrics.

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Meanwhile, the volume quality of some competitors warrants further validation using indicators such as funding rates, fees, order-book depth, and active trader counts.

“Conclusion…Hyperliquid shows much stronger consistency between volume, OI, and liquidations — a better signal of real activity. Meanwhile, Aster/Lighter’s volume quality needs further validation (vs fees, funding, orderbook depth, and active traders),” the analytics platform indicated.

Critics Push Back, but Coinglass Defends Its Position

However, critics argue that conclusions drawn from a single-day snapshot could be misleading. Specifically, they suggest alternative explanations for the data, including whale positioning, algorithmic differences between platforms, and variations in market structure that could influence liquidation patterns without implying inflated volume.

Others questioned whether liquidation totals alone are a reliable indicator of market health, noting that higher liquidations can also reflect aggressive leverage or volatile trading conditions.

Meanwhile, Coinglass rejects accusations that its analysis amounted to speculation or fear, uncertainty, and doubt (FUD), emphasizing that its conclusions were based on publicly available data.

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“Coinglass simply highlighted a few discrepancies based on publicly available data. We didn’t expect that a neutral, data-driven observation would trigger such hostile reactions,” the firm wrote, adding that open discussion and tolerance for criticism are essential for the industry to improve.

In another response, Coinglass stressed that disagreements should be addressed with stronger evidence rather than accusations.

The firm also argued that higher leverage ceilings on some platforms could make them structurally more prone to forced liquidations. This outlook shifts the debate away from raw numbers toward exchange design and risk management.

A Pattern of Backlash in the Perp DEX Sector: What Counts as “Real” Activity?

The controversy comes amid a broader wave of disputes surrounding Hyperliquid and the perpetual DEX market.

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Earlier, Kyle Samani, co-founder of Multicoin Capital, publicly criticized Hyperliquid, raising concerns about transparency, governance, and its closed-source elements.

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His remarks triggered strong reactions from traders and supporters of the platform, many of whom dismissed the criticism and questioned his motives.

BitMEX co-founder Arthur Hayes further escalated the feud by proposing a $100,000 charity bet, challenging Samani to select any major altcoin with a market cap above $1 billion to compete against Hyperliquid’s HYPE token in performance over several months.

The dispute highlights a deeper issue facing crypto derivatives markets: the lack of standardized metrics for evaluating activity across DEXes.

Trading volume has long served as a headline indicator of success. However, the rise of incentive programs, airdrop campaigns, and liquidity-mining strategies has complicated the interpretation of those figures.

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As new perp DEX platforms launch and competition intensifies, metrics such as open interest, liquidation patterns, leverage levels, and order-book depth are becoming central to assessing market integrity.

This Coinglass incident mirrors how data itself has become a battleground amid a sector driven by both numbers and narratives. Therefore, the debate over what those numbers truly mean is likely to intensify as the perpetual futures market continues to grow.

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South Korea Prepares Crypto Market Probes Under 2026 Policy Plan

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South Korea Prepares Crypto Market Probes Under 2026 Policy Plan

South Korea’s Financial Supervisory Service (FSS) said it will step up scrutiny of suspected cryptocurrency price manipulation in 2026, outlining a slate of planned investigations that target high-risk trading tactics, including “whale” activity and schemes that exploit disruptions at local exchanges, local outlet Yonhap reported Monday.

According to Yonhap News Agency, FSS Governor Lee Chang-jin said that the agency will target high-risk trading practices that undermine market order, including coordinated manipulation and schemes exploiting disruptions in exchange infrastructure. 

The FSS said the probes will focus on tactics that involve large-scale trading by whales, artificial price swings during exchange deposit or withdrawal suspensions and coordinated trading mechanisms using APIs or social media to spread false information. 

Under the plan, the regulator said it intends to strengthen automated detection by analyzing abnormal price movements at very short intervals and developing tools that can flag suspected manipulation “sections” and related account groups, alongside text analysis that can help identify coordinated misinformation.

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Planned probes target crypto manipulation tactics

The FSS said it will investigate practices that distort price discovery, including schemes that take advantage of exchange deposit or withdrawal suspensions, a practice referred to in South Korea as “gating.”

These situations can trap supply on a platform, creating artificial movements disconnected from the broader digital asset markets. 

The financial watchdog also mentioned that it will track manipulation using market-order APIs and coordinated activity aimed at amplifying false narratives on social media. 

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On Feb. 2, the FSS expanded its use of artificial intelligence-powered surveillance tools to monitor crypto markets, reducing reliance on manual identification of potential manipulation.

In parallel, the watchdog established a task force to prepare for the introduction of the Digital Asset Basic Act, the second phase of the country’s crypto regulatory framework. 

The unit will support the implementation planning rather than enforcement, including work on disclosures, exchange oversight and licensing standards. 

Related: South Korea tightens crypto licensing rules for exchanges and shareholders

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Exchange incidents add urgency to oversight push

The tougher tone arrives after a series of exchange-related incidents put operational risk back in the spotlight.

On Sunday, crypto exchange Bithumb said it recovered 99.7% of excess Bitcoin (BTC) mistakenly credited to users during a promotional error.

While the exchange said no customer assets were lost, the episode briefly triggered sharp price swings and prompted compensation measures for affected users. 

The incident triggered a response from regulators. According to the Asia Business Daily, the Financial Services Commission (FSC) held an emergency inspection meeting on Sunday with the FSS and the Korea Financial Intelligence Unit (KoFIU), where officials reportedly ordered a comprehensive review of internal controls across all domestic crypto exchanges.

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On Feb. 3, the FSS said it was reviewing sharp price movements in the ZKsync token during a system maintenance window on Upbit. The regulator said it was analyzing the data and could escalate the review into a formal investigation depending on the findings. 

Upbit operator Dunamu previously told Cointelegraph that it has internal systems that also flag suspicious activities and a process that involves cooperating with regulators.

“When regulators request information, we can provide the relevant trading data without delay,” the spokesperson told Cointelegraph.