The tour of Australia was blighted by mistakes on and off the field.
England were accused of a lack of adequate preparation, playing only one warm-up match against England Lions at a club ground in Perth before the first Test.
Despite the Brook incident, which took place on the eve of the third one-day international against New Zealand in Wellington prior to the Ashes series, England’s alcohol consumption in Australia came under scrutiny. Opener Ben Duckett was captured on video by a member of the public, apparently drunk during a mid-series holiday in Noosa.
Without a specialist fielding coach, England’s efforts in the Test series were severely hampered by dropped catches.
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Since the tour of Australia, England have employed fielding coach Carl Hopkinson for part of the World Cup and their white-ball tour of Sri Lanka. They have also imposed a midnight curfew on players and staff.
Luke Wright has left his post as national selector of the men’s teams, though that was a personal decision rather than linked to the Ashes.
Talks between the ECB and Cricket Australia have resulted in the prospect of the two boards agreeing on improved arrangements for preparation for future Ashes series in both countries.
And the ECB plans to make a new non-executive appointment to its board in order to boost cricketing expertise.
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In Australia, Test captain Ben Stokes threw his support behind McCullum, who is contracted until the autumn of 2027.
That support was echoed by Brook on Thursday, who said McCullum should “125%” remain in charge.
“I’ve said plenty of times he’s the best coach I’ve ever had,” said Brook. “Our partnership has been good throughout the competition and since I’ve taken over. Long may it continue.”
“There will be real upset and trauma for many people who witnessed what happened on the night as well, of course, as those victims who were directly impacted, but we understand that there were no fatalities and that two people have already been discharged from hospital and more we hope, soon.”
Three famous paintings worth millions have been stolen from a museum in northern Italy.
The works by French artists Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Henri Matisse and Paul Cezanne were taken in an operation lasting less than three minutes, police said.
The thieves targeted the Magnani-Rocca Foundation villa, south of the city of Parma, on the night of 22 March.
According to sources close to the investigation, the stolen masterpieces were Renoir’s Les Poissons, Cezanne’s Still Life With Cherries and Matisse’s Odalisque On The Terrace.
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The value of the three is worth “tens of millions euros”, an investigator said.
However, Italian public broadcaster Rai reported the stolen works were worth €9m (£7.8m).
There has been no official confirmation on the combined value of the paintings.
The paintings were on the first floor of what is called the Villa of Masterpieces in the Sala dei Francesi – the Room of the French.
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The thieves, wearing balaclavas, gained entry by forcing open a door and were described as an “organised group”.
Image: The work by Pierre-Auguste Renoir stolen in the heist
They were disturbed by the museum’s alarm system and escaped before they could take more paintings, “which was their intention”.
Investigators are assessing museum security footage.
The Magnani-Rocca Foundation is a private museum which lies in the heart of the countryside 12 miles from Parma.
Established in 1977, the foundation hosts the collection of the art historian Luigi Magnani and also includes works by Durer, Rubens, Van Dyck, Goya and Monet.
It comes after a series of high-profile heists at major European museums, including last October when thieves stole jewels and other items worth £76m from the Louvre in Paris.
Chocolate eggs are practically obligatory at Easter but there are other presents to give during the season to your friends, family or host, you know — traditional essentials to eat and spring-like treats to give .
Apostle Simnel Cake, by Fortnum & Mason
Fortnum and Mason
Now this is the essential English Easter cake: a light fruit cake with a layer of marzipan in the middle and on top, with 11 marzipan balls for the apostles minus the traitor Judas. This one has a nice moist crumb, with cherries as well as fruit and well-flavoured marzipan and looks lovely. £27.95. fortnumandmason.com
Italian Easter cake
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The Columba (Lina Stores, £15.95) is similar to panettone but in the shape of a dove for peace (actually, if you didn’t know, you’d be hard pressed to identify a bird) with candied peel and a crunchy sugar and almond glaze. This excellent version from the Fiasconaro family in Sicily is light and flavoursome with vanilla and honey. linastores.co.uk
Spiced Easter Biscuits
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Betty’s of Harrogate do very good, very traditional Easter biscuits, buttery, crumbly, with spices and currants (£7.75). The box, with its jolly pictures, is lovely. This is what you want with your Easter Sunday tea. bettys.co.uk
The perfect centrepiece
Edenmoor
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Easter means Paschal Lamb, no? This succulent shoulder on the bone is actually more of a teenager than a baby – technically hogget – and so more flavoursome than the lambs born now. It’s been grass fed with a happy homelife, so a very good joint. From £18.05 for 1kg. Or if it’s a take on spring chicken you’re after, how about a nice fat cockerel? These are properly reared, with good muscle mass because they’re well pastured. It has a fuller, better flavour than chicken, and is much nicer, I think, than turkey. From £53.35, 3 kg. edenmoor.com
Lamb Wellington, Fortnum & Mason
Lamb Wellington – easy and delicious
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Here’s a little showstopper: a lamb wellington in elegant buttery puff pastry (£70), which takes no effort to cook and cuts down on the washing up. The lamb is from Cornwall and matured for flavour and tenderness. Delish. Bear in mind it arrives partially defrosted so follow the instructions carefully. Serves four.fortnumandmason.com
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A toothsome dessert: Raspberry Tropezienne
There’s always room for this
Birley
This is just the most delicious cake: a light, light brioche soaked in an orange blossom syrup, with raspberries. You will always find room for this, even after the Easter lamb. £22. birleybakery.com
Easter Cheese Board, Paxton and Whitfield
A cheese feast for your Easter Sunday tea
Paxton and Whitfield
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This is a jolly nice selection of cheese for the time of year and a worthy Easter tea. It includes the English Camembert, Tunworth, plus cheddar and soft little wheels of Ashworth goats brie and Yorkshire blue, plus a good white Rioja, quince preserve and beetroot crackers for £100. Oh and a little Simnel cake. It would be a welcome offering at chez McDonagh. There’s also an excellent Easter feast for £60. If you’re getting just one cheese, make it the very delicious raw goat’s milk La Bouyguette . Yum. paxtonandwhitfield.co.uk
Aldi’s Veuve Monsigny Champagne Brut (£15.99, 75cl) – yes, you read the price correctly – would be perfect for that underrated cocktail, Buck’s Fizz. If you turn up with this and some orange juice for Easter Sunday breakfast you’ll be a very welcome guest. aldi.co.uk
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The perfect breakfast…just put on the pan
Tommy Banks
After the rigours of Lent, what could be nicer than a blow-out breakfast on Easter Sunday? With a ready-assembled breakfast box there’s nothing more to do than put on the frying pan. If there’s just one or two of you, Made in Olstead, has a fine assembly of yoghurt and granola and a fry-up including black pudding, sourdough and a slick of delish smoked beetroot relish with its own apple and verbena juice. £45, madeinoldstead.co.uk
Or if there are more of you, or yours is a hearty appetite, Daylesford Organic does a Full English breakfast hamper with everything you need to set you up for the day, so there’s an assortment of tea (not strong breakfast, alas), coffee, orange juice, milk and sourdough as well as a dozen eggs, chipolatas, streaky bacon and ketchup. Bring it on! daylesford.com
Red wine for Easter Sunday lamb
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Berry Bros Rudd Cotes du Rhone Rouge
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Berry Bros & Rudd Cotes du Rhone Rouge, 2024, by Remi Pouzin. This organic, fruity wine would pair nicely with roast lamb. Berry Bros says: “Enticing aromas of fresh blackberries and red cherries are followed by moreish flavours of crunchy hedgerow berries with a twist of dried thyme .” I say, yum. £14.95, bbr.com
The Spring Garden Bouquet
The Real Flower Company
At this time of year you can get beautiful and inexpensive bulb flowers but if you want a bouquet that has pretty well all the good things of the season, the lovely Spring Garden bouquet from The Real Flower Company includes scented narcissi, rosemary and a selection of pretty flowers, starting at £78. There’s also a seasonal bunch of tulips for £40. And for the gift that really keeps on giving, the company has a Spring Box of bulbs, tubers and seeds so you can plant your own and pick them all summer. From £30. realflowers.co.uk
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Spring in a candle
Diptyque
Oh boy, this is spring in a candle. Diptyque’s Fleur de Cerisier (Cherry Blossom) , £58, has a subtle amalgam of all the scent of the season. It would be a lovely present if you’re staying with friends. diptyqueparis.com
Make your own!
Conscious crafts
The really traditional Easter gift is indeed eggs, just not chocolate ones. Think Faberge. Eastern Europeans, notably Ukrainians, have a long tradition of decorating (real) eggs for the season – symbolic of the Resurrection. You can buy egg dye cheaply online, or decorative sleeves that adhere to the egg with hot water, or try the old fashioned method of boiling them with red onion skin. Or, how about doing things properly with a kit to try your hand at Ukrainian egg decorations, which can be as complex as you like. It’s laborious, what with all the wax applications, but Luba’s Deluxe Egg decorating kit has all you need. £35.99, consciouscraft.uk
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Spring gardening secateurs
Spring says…gardening
Niwaki
At this time of year, your fancy turns to thoughts of gardening, no? So you’ll be wanting some fabulous secateurs to keep the garden looking lovely, won’t you? There is, to my mind, nothing to beat Niwaki when it comes to garden implements, and its bright yellow secateurs, £59, is hard to lose, and given proper care, will last for years and years. The hori-hori knife is very useful too. niwaki.com
You might have to call in for some reinforcements to tackle Hotel Chocolat’s 1kg monster, but what you give away in decadent sweetness, you’ll reap back in brownie points from friends and family.
This egg is the same size as an ostrich egg, which is the largest egg laid in the world. The extra-thick shell is split in two, with one half made with 40 per cent milk chocolate and studded with cookie bits before being draped in white chocolate. The other half is crafted with 50 per cent milk chocolate, packed with pieces of pecan, praline and cookies.
If that sounds like a meal in itself, loosen your belt buckle, because Hotel Chocolat is far from finished. Inside, you’ll find a selection of the company’s patisserie-inspired chocolates.
“Alternatively, you can call North Yorkshire Police on 101 and ask for PC 444, or contact Crimestoppers anonymously on 0800 555 111 or via their website.
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“Please quote reference 12260044587 when passing on information.”
The property on Beech Grove, in Dipton, had become a long-standing concern within the community after a spate of incidents.
The condition of the property was brought to the attention of the Neighbourhood Wardens, who issued a Community Protection Warning, requesting the homeowner complete essential works within a set timeframe or contact them so we could work with him.
However, Stephen Breadin ignored the warning, and as a result, a Community Protection Notice (CPN) was issued.
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The 38-year-old did not engage with either Durham County Council or do the required works, and the matter was sent to the magistrates’ court.
Breadin, of Rose Street in Gateshead, was found guilty last week of failing to comply with a CPN.
He was ordered to pay a £440 fine plus £330 in court costs and a £176 victim surcharge.
The court also granted a order requiring Breadin to complete the necessary works within 28 days, or face being brought before the court again.
Often rail passengers are guilty only of a misunderstanding. Thousands of people have inadvertently made journeys they assumed could be paid for by contactless card – only to discover they could tap in but had strayed across an invisible “tariff border” and could not a tap out. Others get impatient after queuing for ages for a ticket and jump on a train without one, intending to pay on board or at the other end.
At the other extreme, some commuters deliberately set out day after day to travel without paying, robbing the railway of revenue and increasing the financial burden on the majority of law-abiding passengers.
The cost to the rail industry of people travelling without a ticket is an estimated £330 million per year – about 3.2 per cent of rail revenue. This figure correlates to the estimate from one train firm, TransPennine Express, that 3.5 per cent of passengers travel without a ticket.
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A spokesperson for the Rail Delivery Group (RDG), representing train operators, said: “Fare dodging is unfair because it means less money to invest in improving services and increases the burden on fare-paying passengers and taxpayers.”
The Regulation of Railways Act 1889 requires the rail passenger to produce “a ticket showing that his fare is paid” on request by a staff member.
The rather more modern National Rail Conditions of Travel from April 2024 specify “you must purchase, where possible, a valid ticket before you board a train” and use it “in accordance with the specific terms and conditions associated with it” – for example, if it is a ticket with time restrictions or has been bought with a railcard discount.
A 21st-century ticket takes rather more forms than in the Victorian era, and can include:
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One on “a mobile telephone or tablet device”
A smartcard as used in Greater London (with the Oyster card) and elsewhere
A bank card on which you have tapped in at station entry gates or on a reader on the platform
Why wouldn’t everyone simply buy a ticket?
About 29 out of 30 passengers do so, according to data from TransPennine Express. ScotRail says one in 27 passengers on its network is ticketless. But if you plan to buy a ticket at the station and can’t do so, you may board a train if the ticket office is closed (or there isn’t one) and the ticket machine is either broken or won’t accept your preferred method of payment (card or cash).
You should buy a ticket from the guard on board if there is one, or at an interchange station if time allows. If you can’t do either, you can pay at your destination.
Some stations still have “Permit to Travel” machines. You can pay a small sum in return for a receipt that shows the issuing station and the amount paid, which will be deducted from the ticket you eventually buy. Alternatively, a standard ticket machine may dispense a “Promise to Pay” for free. This indicates to staff on the train or at the gateline at the end of your journey where exactly you started.
Or, of course, you could book a ticket on your smartphone – as, on TransPennine Express at least, three-quarters of passengers do.
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What if the queue is just too long?
You are expected to wait as long as it takes. As one insider posted on a rail forum: “Even if it was the second coming of Christ, as long as the ticket office is open a passenger must buy a ticket or be given authority to travel by an officer of the railway without one.”
If you have allowed reasonable time to buy a ticket but can wait no longer, you could ask station staff – or, in an “open station” the train guard (if there is one) – if you can buy a ticket on board.
Such authorisation may be granted if, for example, ticket machines are not working. Otherwise, if you decide to board a train without a ticket you will be breaking the law.
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Train operators take fare dodging very seriously and employ revenue protection officers to catch passengers who fail to pay. These staff work on trains and at stations.
What about travelling with “the wrong sort of ticket”?
Revenue protection staff will also take interest in passengers who do the following:
Use an Advance ticket on the wrong train, unless they have been told specifically that they can do so because of disruption
Claim a railcard discount when they don’t have one (though if they have simply left it at home, they can claim back any penalty applied)
Sit in first class with a standard ticket (unless the train has been declared as “declassified”)
Try to use an operator-specific ticket on a service run by a different firm – eg a cheap London Northwestern ticket from Birmingham to London on Avanti West Coast
Attempt a “split-ticket” trip without following the rules – for example, buying separate Bristol-Didcot and Didcot-London tickets to cover a Bristol-London trip, but boarding a train that does not stop at Didcot
What is the penalty for travelling without a ticket – or the wrong sort of ticket?
Railway staff can choose from one of three options, which are progressively more serious and expensive.
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To charge you the full single fare
To charge you a Penalty Fare, which is £50 (or £100 if you fail to pay within three weeks) plus the full single fare
To report you for prosecution
How do they decide which penalty to apply?
All passengers will come up with an excuse when challenged about why they do not have a ticket. From experience, rail staff can usually tell if a tale about running late and foolishly hopping on a train just before it left is true. If so, they may simply apply the full single fare.
The Penalty Fare is the standard response to an offence. But if the revenue protection officer believes that the individual is a repeat offender – perhaps a passenger who simply “pays when challenged” – they may report the traveller for prosecution.
Can I appeal a Penalty Fare?
Yes, but if you were travelling without a ticket it is unlikely to succeed. For example, the many people who fondly imagine that they can pay with a contactless card or smartphone to travel between London and Stansted airport are routinely issued Penalty Fares.
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They “tap in” with a contactless card for the Stansted Express at London Liverpool Street or Tottenham Hale, only to discover on reaching the airport that their card is not valid.
Warning signs have now been posted, meaning that anyone who is issued with a Penalty Fare is unlikely to succeed in an appeal.
What happens if a case goes to court?
If convicted, the passenger can be fined up to £1,000 or jailed. This will no longer be under the Single Justice Procedure, with a single magistrate working behind closed doors. Instead, there will be a proper court hearing.
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What’s the story with those 74,000 quashed convictions?
Six rail firms – Northern, Transpennine, Avanti West Coast, Greater Anglia, Great Western Railway and Merseyrail – used the procedure.
All the convictions will be quashed after the chief magistrate for England and Wales, Judge Paul Goldspring, declared them all to be invalid. The people involved will see their convictions overturned and be handed their money back.
The government says: “If you think you may be affected, you should wait to be contacted directly and told what will happen next including if you have paid some or all of a financial penalty.
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“For those who haven’t yet paid anything relating to their offence we will be writing to them is the conviction is declared invalid to confirm the court record has been corrected.”
The cases will be regarded as nullified – as though they have never taken place.
Dave’s Hot Chicken is a worldwide hit for its seven-level spice scale from Not Hot to Reaper – the latter for which you have to sign a waiver
The globally popular hot chicken chain that started as a car park stall in LA is finally opening its first Welsh location. Dave’s Hot Chicken will open on St Mary Street in Cardiff at 11am on Good Friday – Friday, April 3.
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And to mark its first spot in Wales it’s being renamed – the new store will be called “David’s Hot Chicken” in a nod to the Welsh patron saint. Cardiff’s store will be the first Dave’s worldwide to be named in honour of a new location.
Cardiff’s diverse and well-established food scene makes it a natural home for Dave’s Hot Chicken, whose menu is built around juicy chicken with a hot, Nashville-style seasoning and quintessential side dishes like mac and cheese, cheese fries, and kale slaw. For the latest restaurant news and reviews, sign up to our food and drink newsletter here
The new restaurant will offer a fast-casual space designed for everything from quick lunches to late-night meals, paired with Dave’s signature oldies playlist and laid-back West Coast feel.
The Cardiff menu will feature Dave’s cult favourites, including chicken tenders and sliders cooked fresh to order, the brand’s seven-level spice scale from Not Hot to Reaper (waiver required), and classic sides such as mac & cheese and top-loaded fries.
The menu is completed by a range of creamy shakes and fruity slushers.
Keyana Mohammadi, head of marketing at Dave’s Hot Chicken UK, said: “We’re so excited to finally land in Cardiff. It’s a vibrant and buzzing city, full of culture with an epic foodie scene.
“Changing the name to David’s is a mark of respect for the Welsh patron saint and a bit of fun. We are considering other changes for other Welsh venues such as Dayfdd Hot Chicken or even Dai’s Hot Chicken.”
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She goes on to add: “This isn’t just another opening, it’s a big moment for us. We’re here to become part of the community, and we’re beyond excited to welcome Welsh fried chicken fans and bring the heat with our bold take on Nashville-style hot chicken.”
Find Dave’s Hot Chicken at 52-54 St Marys Street, Cardiff, CF10 1FE. Opening Friday, April 3.
ABOARD AIRFORCE ONE (AP) — President Donald Trump on Sunday night said he has “no problem” with a Russian oil tanker off the coast of Cuba delivering relief to the island, which has been brought to its knees by a U.S. oil blockade.
“We have a tanker out there. We don’t mind having somebody get a boatload because they need… they have to survive,” Trump told reporters as he flew back to Washington.
When asked if a New York Times report that the tanker would be allowed to reach Cuba was true, Trump said: “I told them, if a country wants to send some oil into Cuba right now, I have no problem whether it’s Russia or not.”
On Monday, Russia’s Transport Ministry said the oil tanker Anatoly Kolodkin arrived at the Cuban port of Matanzas carrying “humanitarian supplies” of about 730,000 barrels of oil.
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Activists from the vessel Maguro, that arrived from Mexico, unload solar panels and other humanitarian aid from the “Nuestra America,” or Our America convoy, at the port in Havana Bay, Cuba, Tuesday, March 24, 2026. (Jorge Luis Banos/IPS via AP, Pool)
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Activists from the vessel Maguro, that arrived from Mexico, unload solar panels and other humanitarian aid from the “Nuestra America,” or Our America convoy, at the port in Havana Bay, Cuba, Tuesday, March 24, 2026. (Jorge Luis Banos/IPS via AP, Pool)
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The vessel is sanctioned by the United States, the European Union and the United Kingdom following the war in Ukraine.
Trump, whose government has come at its Caribbean adversary more aggressively than any U.S. government in recent history, has effectively cut Cuba off from key oil shipments in an effort to force regime change. The blockade has had devastating effects on the civilians Trump and Secretary of State Marco Rubio say they want to help, leaving many desperate.
Island-wide blackouts have roiled Cubans already grappling with years of crisis, and lack of gasoline and basic resources has crippled hospital and slashed public transport.
Experts say the anticipated shipment could produce about 180,000 barrels of diesel, enough to feed Cuba’s daily demand for nine or 10 days.
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Island-wide blackouts have roiled Cubans already grappling with years of crisis, and lack of gasoline and basic resources has crippled hospital and slashed public transport.
A man fill containers with potable water during a blackout in Havana, Sunday, March 22, 2026. (AP Photo/Ramon Espinosa)
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A man fill containers with potable water during a blackout in Havana, Sunday, March 22, 2026. (AP Photo/Ramon Espinosa)
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Cuba has long been at the heart of geopolitical tug-of-war between the U.S. and Russia, dating back decades. Trump on Sunday dismissed the idea that allowing the boat to reach Cuba would help Russian President Vladimir Putin.
“It doesn’t help him. He loses one boatload of oil, that’s all it is. If he wants to do that, and if other countries want to do it, it doesn’t bother me much,” Trump said. “It’s not going to have an impact. Cuba’s finished. They have a bad regime. They have very bad and corrupt leadership and whether or not they get a boat of oil, it’s not going to matter.”
He added: “I’d prefer letting it in, whether it’s Russia or anybody else because the people need heat and cooling and all of the other things.”
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Associated Press reporters Megan Janetsky contributed to this report from Mexico City and Andrea Rodríguez contributed from Havana.
Childbirth is often framed as a choice between two extremes: “natural” birth or medical intervention. The real challenge is making sure women can decide how they give birth, without pressure in either direction.
Debates about childbirth often focus on pressure to accept medical interventions in hospital, such as caesareans or forceps delivery. But recent NHS maternity inquiries suggest some women feel pressure in the opposite direction. They describe being discouraged from medical assistance even when they believed it would be safer, or better for them.
One healthcare professional giving evidence in the 2022 Ockenden Review, which examined preventable deaths and injuries affecting mothers and babies between 2000 and 2019, described a culture in which avoiding caesarean sections had become a source of institutional pride:
They were always very proud of their low caesarean rates … I personally found all the failed or attempted instrumental deliveries very difficult to deal with. I had never seen so many injuries … or resuscitations … Nothing to be proud of.
During my doctoral research examining childbirth narratives across several major UK maternity inquiries, I analysed thousands of women’s birth stories submitted to public investigations. Some accounts describe women who felt discouraged from receiving medical assistance even when they would have preferred it.
The natural birth movement – which emerged in the mid-20th century as a reaction against the increasing medicalisation of childbirth – advocates for minimal pain medication, midwife-led care, and avoiding caesarean sections and instrumental deliveries where possible. It was designed to encourage women to reclaim control of their bodies from a medical establishment that had, in many cases, taken that control away.
While the movement acted as an important counterweight against routinised, unnecessary interventions, that same cultural force has, in some settings, created its own pressure – one where accepting medical help feels like a failure.
When legal rights meet clinical reality
One of the most influential cases in modern medical law addressed this issue of informed choice during childbirth. In Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health NHS Trust (2015), the doctor did not warn the patient about the risks of vaginal delivery because they believed “it was not in the maternal interests for women to have caesarean sections”.
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The Supreme Court rejected this reasoning. Instead, it emphasised that patients must receive clear information about risks and alternatives so they can make their own decisions about treatment.
Current Nice guidelines reinforce this principle. They stress that maternity care should support women’s choices during birth and caution against allowing personal opinions to influence the interventions that are offered.
The UK government also recently abandoned the World Health Organization recommendation that caesarean births should not exceed 20% nationally, after concerns that rigid targets were pressuring NHS Trusts to prioritise statistics over safety.
Despite these safeguards, institutional practices can still shape the choices that women feel able to make.
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How pressure can shape birth decisions
Some women say these pressures reflect wider cultural narratives about childbirth. In recent years, messages celebrating “natural”, “empowered” or “positive” birth have become increasingly visible in antenatal classes, books and online communities. While these approaches are often intended to build confidence and support informed choice, some women say they can also create an environment in which accepting medical help feels like a failure, or where women worry they may be judged for being “too posh to push”.
These narratives don’t just circulate in parenting spaces or social media. They are also seen in how hospitals – intentionally or unintentionally – present different birth options to expectant parents.
This can feel particularly significant because it comes from institutions that women expect to trust. It shows how legal protections don’t always translate into everyday clinical practice.
In some cases this influence appears in the language hospitals use to describe different birth options. Recently archived material from one hospital promoted non-medicated birth approaches by stating that “treatments are usually non-invasive and rarely cause the unpleasant or long-lasting side effects that can be associated with medication”.
Language like this is often intended to reassure patients. But it can also shape how different options are perceived, particularly when the potential drawbacks of medical interventions are emphasised more strongly than their benefits.
In other cases, the pressures are structural. Some maternity units are organised in ways that make it difficult to move quickly between midwife-led and obstetric wards. Women have described having to walk between departments while in pain and sometimes partially undressed. Situations like this illustrate how problems can arise not from individual professionals, but from how hospital systems are designed.
Finally, recent research by Birthrights, a UK charity that campaigns to protect women’s rights during pregnancy and childbirth, highlights institutional barriers to maternal request for caesarean sections. The organisation found that 113 NHS Trusts do not fully align with Nice guidance. Some policies delayed decisions until 36 weeks of pregnancy, creating uncertainty for expectant mothers.
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Pressure to avoid medical intervention should be taken as seriously as pressure to undergo it. Although more than half of first-time mothers experience some form of obstetric intervention, many report feeling ashamed when this occurs.
This matters because some research has linked birth-related shame with an increased risk of suicidal thoughts among mothers, associated with an expressed sense of failure to birth “normally”. When hospital policies create additional barriers to accessing care, they may reinforce these feelings.
Around the world there is growing recognition of the concept of “obstetric violence”, a term used to describe systemic harms that women may experience during childbirth. The concept highlights how these harms often arise not from malicious individuals but from institutional cultures, clinical norms and wider social expectations about motherhood.
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Much of the global discussion about obstetric violence has focused on the dangers of overmedicalisation. However, similar pressures can arise when women feel discouraged from accepting medical interventions. In both situations, expectations about the “ideal” self-sacrificing mother can shape how decisions about birth are framed.
In the UK, the term “obstetric violence” is rarely used in policy or public discussion. This reluctance matters. Without language that clearly names systemic harm, it becomes harder to recognise patterns, challenge institutional norms and push for meaningful change.
Many women have positive experiences of both natural and medically assisted birth, and most maternity professionals work hard to support women’s choices. What matters most is that decisions about birth are based on balanced discussions of risks and benefits.
Recognising how pressure can operate in both directions is essential if maternity care is to genuinely support women’s autonomy during childbirth.
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