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Average UK journalist salary revealed and other industry findings

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Average UK journalist salary revealed and other industry findings

Average pay for UK journalists has kept pace with the wider economy with those using AI paid more, according to a new survey.

The average salary for a journalist in the UK is now £34,500, according to the NCTJ’s Journalists at Work report. The average salary goes up to £45,547 for those working in London.

The NCTJ-commissioned Journalists at Work research, authored by consultant Mark Spilsbury, is the fourth of its kind, following previous studies in 2018, 2012 and 2002. It is based largely on an online survey filled in by 1,025 journalists between January and March. Some UK government data is also included.

The average salary has grown in line with the rest of the economy, the report said, following a period of stagnation. Previously the average UK journalist salary had stayed at £27,500 for at least six years between 2012 and 2018.

The highest average salaries are for those working in TV (£50,000) with the lowest for those working in radio (£32,045) and newspapers (£32,213).

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Separate average salary figures are provided by the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings from the Office of National Statistics which has two journalist categories. Newspaper and periodical editors have an average salary of £38,649 according to last year’s survey, while newspaper and periodical journalists and reporters are on £35,842. These compare to an average salary for all workers of £29,669.

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Speaking at an event in London to launch the report findings on Thursday, outgoing NCTJ chairman Kim Fletcher said: “I thought the average salary was quite interesting. People here I think, many people would say ‘woah, if I could get up to that average salary I’d be quite surprised because I’m not seeing stuff like that.

“So again bear in mind that’s an average where there’s a load of stuff above it and a load of stuff below, but I thought that was more encouraging than we might have thought.”

Half of journalists feel fairly rewarded for their work

Half of journalists in the survey (51%) feel fairly rewarded for their work, up from 44% six years ago and a return to 2002 levels.

The report shows that journalists who currently use AI in their jobs are earning £38,292 on average, compared to £33,734 for those who do not.

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Report author Spilsbury told Press Gazette this does not appear to be attributable to those using AI being more senior: Younger journalists are more likely to feel like they understand AI: 43% under 25 think they do, versus 22% of those aged 50 and over.

Despite this, the roles most likely to be using AI were section heads (53%) and editorial management (40%).

NCTJ chief executive Joanne Forbes said at the event: “Interestingly, those who do use it are being paid more than those who don’t so to some of our new entrants to journalism, get those AI skills because that could inflate your salaries. It’s obviously a prized skill.”

Two thirds (65%) of journalists do not use AI in their work and 76% fear it may be a threat.

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Of those who do use AI at work, 19% use it to record or transcribe interviews, 9% to produce text articles, 7% to examine or scrape data, 4% to target audiences more effectively, 3% to create graphics and 2% for research or idea generation.

Most (60%) say they feel they do not have a sufficient understanding of how AI could be used to assist their journalism, whereas 27% feel they do.

A quarter feel they need to learn new skills to efficiently use AI – though video skills were deemed more desirable (with video editing on 34% and video shooting on 29%).

Forbes said: “It may be that AI’s limited by lack of understanding – there’s clearly a training need – or permissions to use it. As this understanding develops… we expect this limited use will increase rapidly.”

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Three-quarters say journalism ‘is a job I enjoy doing’

Alongside AI, there have been substantial changes to journalists’ jobs since 2018. The report summarised these as “an increased digital focus, less work stability and security, and increased workload and intensity”.

Some 58% of journalists are now developing content mainly for online platforms, up from 36% in 2018 (although the same percentage – 85% – did produce online content to any extent six years ago). Less than a fifth (17%) are mainly print journalists nowadays, down from 45% in 2018.

Spilsbury wrote that although there is a perception that journalists work particularly long hours, this was not borne out by the survey. They worked 36.2 hours per week on average, compared to an average of 36.4 hours for all workers. Most (86%) thought their hours were reasonable, up from 81% in 2018 and 82% in 2012.

The report findings also suggest home working is more common among journalists: 11% say they are only office-based compared to 64% of the overall workforce who say they never work at home. Half said the ability to work at home makes being a journalist more attractive, while 34% said it makes no difference and 16% said it makes it less attractive. By far the biggest concern shared around home-working was isolation (44%) followed by the ability to learn from others (9%).

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Despite changes in the industry there has been little variation in confidence since 2018: 46% are confident about the future of journalism as a profession versus 35% who are not.

And 73% say they agree with the statement “journalism is a job I enjoy doing”, level with 2018.

Similarly 63% say they would advise a young person to become a journalist, comparable to in 2018 (62%).

National employment data for 2023 estimates a total of 83,500 journalists in the UK – down from a peak of 104,500 in 2021. Though this data is extrapolated from a relatively small sample so has a high margin of error.

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Diversity in journalism: ‘Progress is disappointing’

The NCTJ’s annual Diversity in Journalism report was not put out this year due to concerns over the accuracy of Labour Force Survey data amid falling response rates. This report therefore is the first opportunity this year to evaluate recent progress.

It found that journalism is still disproportionately represented by individuals from white ethnic groups (91% compared to 85% in the overall UK workforce). White journalists also have a higher average salary: £35,867 versus £32,500 for those from ethnic minority backgrounds.

Class also remains a concern: 67% of journalists had a parent in one of the three highest occupational groups, compared to 45% of all UK workers. And 9% had a parent in the lowest two occupational groups, versus 19% of the workforce.

The report said: “This data confirms that one of the most pressing issues (first identified in the 2002 report) was the impact of social class on the likelihood of working as a journalist… It seems the concerns first raised in 2002 and maintained since are still relevant.

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“The increasing need for a postgraduate qualification, the growth of a loans culture and the increased use of unpaid work placements has led to a situation where would-be journalists tend to need financial support from family to fund courses or a period of unpaid work. The implication of this is that young people not in these circumstances continue to be deterred from becoming journalists.”

NCTJ chief executive Joanne Forbes said: “This under-representation is further reinforced by the high levels of qualification attainment required to enter the profession, and employers predominantly recruit graduates.

“NCTJ qualifications are vital to ensure high standards in the profession, but pathways into journalism must be widened and not based on unpaid metropolitan work experience expectations if we are to be successful in employing talent from underrepresented groups.”

In addition journalists tend to be older than the overall workforce (2% are under 25 versus 11% of all in employment, while 40% are aged 50 and over versus 32% of the workforce).

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They are also less likely to be women: 42% of journalists are female compared to 48% of the workforce. Male journalists also have a higher average salary: £37,264 versus £33,867 for women).

Overall, Forbes said: “Despite efforts to improve diversity in journalism, progress is disappointing.”

Safety of journalists: Half have received abuse

The proportion of journalists who engage in online debate and discussion with the people who consume their content has fallen from 45% in 2018 to 28% and that this may be linked to concerns about online harassment and threats to safety.

The survey found that half (51%) of journalists have experienced abuse, harassment or violence in their work, with the highest level among newspaper journalists (62%) and photographers (88%) the most likely individual role to have done so. Just under half of all journalists have sought support about these issues but just 18% have received such support.

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Some 61% of those who have received abuse say their work has made them feel anxious, compared to 50% of journalists who felt anxious and had not received abuse.

Email pged@pressgazette.co.uk to point out mistakes, provide story tips or send in a letter for publication on our “Letters Page” blog

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Energy firms giving away free £150 this winter to help with bills – is your supplier on the list?

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Energy firms giving away free £150 this winter to help with bills - is your supplier on the list?

YOU may be eligible to get a free £150 to help with your energy bills this winter.

A number of energy suppliers will be giving the discount on bills for struggling households this winter.

The scheme aims to provide relief for the most vulnerable households

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The scheme aims to provide relief for the most vulnerable householdsCredit: Getty
It consists of a direct £150 credit to your account with your energy supplier

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It consists of a direct £150 credit to your account with your energy supplierCredit: Getty

The help is being provided via the Government’s Warm Home Discount scheme.

The package sees energy suppliers give a £150 discount on the electricity bills of people claiming certain benefits from the Department for Work and Pensions.

The support is not awarded as cash into your bank account but instead applied directly to your account by your energy supplier.

The credit you have in your energy account will increase by £150 so it can only be used on your energy bills.

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If you have a traditional prepay meter, you will instead be sent a voucher which you can use to top up the meter in your home.

The support is given automatically to people claiming certain benefits including:

  • Income related Employment and Support Allowance (ESA)
  • Income based Jobseeker’s Allowance (JSA)
  • Income Support
  • Universal Credit
  • Housing benefit
  • Child Tax Credits and Working Tax Credits
  • Pension Credit Savings Credit (PCSC)

To get the money this year, you will need to be claiming these benefits during the qualifying week.

This is usually in August, however the official week has not yet been confirmed.

The Warm Home Discount scheme will reopen in October and it is likely we will get an update then.

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It’s also important to know that not all energy suppliers are part of the scheme.

So even if you are claiming the eligible benefits, you may not receive the help.

Which suppliers participate in the Warm Home Discount scheme?

According to GOV.UK, the following suppliers took part in last year’s Warm Home Discount scheme. This means it is likely they will be a part of this year’s too – although this has not been confirmed.

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  • 100Green (formerly Green Energy UK or GEUK)
  • Affect Energy
  • Atlantic
  • Boost
  • British Gas
  • Bulb Energy
  • Co-op Energy
  • E
  • Ecotricity
  • E.ON Next
  • EDF
  • Good Energy
  • London Power
  • Octopus Energy
  • Outfox the Market
  • OVO
  • Rebel Energy
  • Sainsbury’s Energy
  • Scottish Gas
  • Scottish Hydro
  • ScottishPower
  • Shell Energy Retail
  • So Energy
  • Southern Electric
  • SSE Energy Services
  • Swalec
  • Tomato Energy
  • TruEnergy
  • Utilita
  • Utility Warehouse

If your energy supplier is part of the scheme, they should contact you to let you know whether you are eligible, these letters usually come before January the next year.

The scheme opens in October and runs until March each year so your discount can be applied anytime.

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Stunning seaside city with the world’s most beautiful bookshop and very famous 80p treats

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Porto is close to Portugal's northern coast, with the wide-mouthed River Douro cutting through its centre

I HAVE always loved a city that can be navigated by foot.

Not only because you can tick off all the sights with ease but burning off the calories means you can gorge on the local grub guilt-free.

Porto is close to Portugal's northern coast, with the wide-mouthed River Douro cutting through its centre

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Porto is close to Portugal’s northern coast, with the wide-mouthed River Douro cutting through its centreCredit: Getty
The city is famed for its port

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The city is famed for its portCredit: Getty

That is something I’d been doing a lot of in Porto, where gooey custard tarts can be picked up on almost every street for around €1.

Portugal’s second largest city is close to the country’s northern coast, with the River Douro cutting through its centre.

It’s not just custard tarts, known here as pastel de nata, that I’d been gobbling.

The region is known for its traditional food which includes bacalhau (salted cod fish) and the Francesinha toasted sandwich layered with assorted hot meats and cheeses then smothered in a rich beer sauce and served with French fries.

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The sandwich is a ritual for after a good few inexpensive port cocktails.

After all, if there’s one thing this city is known for other than food, it’s port.

Here, this fortified wine is not just associated with Christmas and to be paired only with your favourite stilton or Stinking Bishop, it’s served year round in all the restaurants and bars.

Never tried it before? Well, think of a vibrant red wine that’s sweet and with depth — just like the Tripeiros (the slang name given to Porto’s charming inhabitants).

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The Douro Valley has been making port since Roman times, but it was in the 17th century that port wine as we know it today was born when Brits fortified the booze in order to maintain its quality while transporting it by sea.

And you can learn all about the process at the World of Wine in the historic heart of nearby Gaia.

Fine dining, stunning architecture and a new direct flight makes Porto a must visit destination

A short distance from the city centre within an old port warehouse, the attraction is made up of seven museums, 12 restaurants and bars, several shops and even a wine school.

For proper wine enthusiasts, the Wine Experience is a must-do, allowing visitors to get hands-on with tastings and immersive artwork, all while learning the grape-to-bottle process.

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Of course, this doesn’t beat a proper tasting. And Sandeman’s Quinta do Seixo winery is the place to do it.

You can sample the good stuff, along with nibbles, on a terrace overlooking the lush valley and river below.

The vineyards are a sight to behold, dazzling in colour, and the wines they produce are seriously good.

If you’re after a more substantial meal to soak up the vino, the Mercado do Bolhao is where to head.

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Seriously good

The food hall is packed with various counters selling local produce, from meats, fish, fruit and veg to breads and pastries and is, of course, somewhere to grab a tipple.

Or for something fancier, there’s the DOP restaurant, which does a sensational 14-course tasting menu.

Highlights include a meat-free take on carbonara where the pasta is cleverly crafted from squid.

Porto's iconic custard tarts, known locally as the pastel de nata

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Porto’s iconic custard tarts, known locally as the pastel de nataCredit: Getty
Experience wine tasting at Sandeman’s Quinta do Seixo winery

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Experience wine tasting at Sandeman’s Quinta do Seixo wineryCredit: Alamy
Livraria Lello can only be described as the world’s most beautiful bookshop, housed in a curious neo-Gothic building

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Livraria Lello can only be described as the world’s most beautiful bookshop, housed in a curious neo-Gothic buildingCredit: Alamy

Taste buds satisfied, I ventured back to Porto to walk off the indulgence along the hilly and cobbled streets of the Miragaia neighbourhood.

It was there that I discovered Livraria Lello — what can only be described as the world’s most beautiful bookshop, housed in a curious neo-Gothic building.

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Set over four floors, it features stained-glass windows, intricate woodwork and a grand, imposing central staircase that takes you up to balconies overlooking the lower levels.

Allegedly, the site was an inspiration for Harry Potter author JK Rowling when she lived and taught in the city.

The store certainly has an otherworldly feel to it, although it’s in the basement that the true magic unfolds, with many rare tomes and first editions adorning the shelves.

Otherworldly feel

Entry to the shop is €8 and this can be redeemed against a book purchase, although make sure to get there early to avoid the long queues that form around the block.

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Luckily, I’d been staying at the 5H Editory Boulevard Hotel, which is a seven-minute walk from the store, so the early rise wasn’t a problem.

The hotel serves a sensational breakfast that can’t be missed.

That is if you have any room left in your stomach.

It’s safe to say, you won’t go at all hungry or thirsty while in Porto.

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GO: Porto

GETTING/STAYING THERE: Four night’s room-only at the 5H The Editory Boulevard Aliados Hotel with a Douro Valley Wine Tour costs from £559pp, including flights from Manchester on November 3.

Price includes 22kg baggage allowance and return transfers.

See jet2holidays.com.

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Labour MP Rosie Duffield resigns amid winter fuel pay payment cut and gifts row

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Labour MP Rosie Duffield resigns amid winter fuel pay payment cut and gifts row

Canterbury MP Rosie Duffield has resigned the Labour whip, accusing the Government of pursuing “cruel and unnecessary” policies while accepting gifts and donations.

In a resignation letter to Sir Keir Starmer, she criticised the Prime Minister for accepting gifts and donations worth more than £100,000 from Labour peer Lord Waheed Alli.

In the letter published by the Sunday Times she said: “Since the change of government in July, the revelations of hypocrisy have been staggering and increasingly outrageous.

“I cannot put into words how angry I and my colleagues are at your total lack of understanding about how you have made us all appear.”

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She added: “The sleaze, nepotism and apparent avarice are off the scale. I am so ashamed of what you and your inner circle have done to tarnish and humiliate our once proud party.”

In particular, Ms Duffield pointed to the decision to keep the two-child benefit cap and means-test the winter fuel payment which has sparked criticism towards Starmer and the party.

She wrote: “Someone with far-above-average wealth choosing to keep the Conservatives’ two-child limit to benefit payments which entrenches children in poverty, while inexplicably accepting expensive personal gifts of designer suits and glasses costing more than most of those people can grasp – this is entirely undeserving of holding the title of Labour Prime Minister.”

Relations between Ms Duffield and the Labour leadership have long been strained, particularly on the issue of transgender rights.

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The MP went on to criticise Starmer’s management of his party, saying he had “never regularly engaged” with backbench MPs and lacked “basic politics and political instincts”.

In her letter, Ms Duffield said she intended to sit as an Independent MP “guided by my core Labour values”.

She added: “I never thought in a million years that I would feel that I had to sit as an independent MP but the Labour Party now does not seem to represent the values that I have always had that haven’t changed. I am still the same person that stood on that platform in 2017 and 2019 and just a few months ago in 2024.

“I am still someone with Labour values and my constituents know that those are still the causes that I will champion and I still very firmly believe in social justice and the green agenda and all the other things that chime particularly [in my] constituency, but I can’t pretend any more that the Labour Party represents me or them.”

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It has previously been revealed that the Prime Minister received over £16,000 for work clothing, glasses and in further donations to his wife.

Starmer was also forced to defend the use of Lord Alli’s flat in central London so his son could revise for his GCSEs and for accepting corporate hospitality from Arsenal FC as he could no longer sit in the stands.

Speaking to journalists in New York during a visit to the United Nations, Starmer said: “Anybody who thinks that I was pretending it was my own home, the idea that I’ve got union jacks by my fireplace at home or that I would invite a bunch of you lot into my living room to have a look around… the idea that I was trying to pretend that it was my home is pretty farcical.”

Speaking on Thursday, Starmer added: “I understand why the public have questions about this. I think the best thing we can do is to explain the circumstances and be absolutely clear that nothing wrong has been done here.

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“Everybody has complied with all of the rules. Sometimes it takes time to go through the individual examples, which may or may not put the context for people to see and make their own judgments.”

He had already defended using Lord Alli’s home so his son could revise for his GCSEs during the general election campaign.

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Super League play-offs semi-final schedule with dates and TV details confirmed

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Super League play-offs semi-final schedule with dates and TV details confirmed


After a thrilling first round, we are down to four teams.

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Business

destruction, death and fear engulf Beirut

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The blasts could be heard throughout Beirut, an earth-shaking thunder that rolled across the city on Friday evening. For Doctor Jihad Saadeh, director of Lebanon’s largest public hospital, it was the beginning of a sleepless night full of carnage.

Saadeh’s private clinic was just a few hundred metres away from the target of Israeli jets that dropped bombs on at least six residential buildings that collapsed before his eyes. Their aim was to kill Hassan Nasrallah, the leader of Hizbollah, who was confirmed dead on Saturday.

“We saw the jets of red smoke shoot up into the sky, the buildings just collapsed,” he said. He had raced from his clinic to the Rafik Hariri hospital to ready his staff.

“We got only bodies at first,” he said. “The buildings just collapsed. All of them were below the rubble. There were no injuries, just fatalities.”

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The bombing wreaked havoc across Lebanon, from Beirut’s southern suburbs to the Bekaa Valley in the east and across the south. Israeli warplanes pummeled areas far from Hizbollah’s traditional pockets of support, including in Mount Lebanon and Chouf.

Massive plumes of orange and red smoke billowed from between Beirut’s densely-packed apartment buildings as the sound of sirens filled the city that endured at least 11 air strikes on Friday night and Saturday morning, according to Lebanese state news.  

The strikes that killed Nasrallah flattened multiple residential buildings. When the sun rose, a massive crater left by the bombs in Dahiyeh, was visible from the hills surrounding Beirut.

Lebanon’s health ministry asked hospitals near Beirut that had not been struck to stop accepting non-urgent cases to make room for patients who were being evacuated from hospitals in the capital’s southern suburbs.

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The bombings killed at least 11 people and injured 108, the health ministry said on Saturday. That is probably an undercount as it represents only hospitals that reported their data to the ministry.

A tense period of mourning took hold in Beirut in the hours after Hizbollah confirmed Nasrallah’s killing on Saturday. Shops closed across the city.

A man checks the destruction at a factory targeted in an overnight Israeli airstrike in the town of Chouaifet south of Beirut
A man checks inspects destruction at a factory targeted in an overnight Israeli air strike © Anwar Amro/AFP/Getty Images

Israel, meanwhile, continued its assault against Hizbollah, saying it had killed another of the group’s commanders in a strike on Dahiyeh on Saturday, the southern suburb where Nasrallah was assassinated. As its drones buzzed incessantly over Beirut, the Israeli military vowed to keep up its attacks.

Many families who fled their homes were dazed and frightened, struggling to come to terms with what had happened.

After assassinating Nasrallah on Friday night, the Israeli military warned residents of Beirut’s southern suburbs to evacuate for “your safety and the safety of your loved ones” as it prepared to step up its bombing campaign.

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The orders, posted on social media platform X, sparked fear as they marked specific buildings across neighbourhoods, identifying them by the families that lived there or the cafés on their bottom floors. It told residents living there and in the surrounding buildings to leave immediately because the Israeli military would be “forced to act against these [Hizbollah] interests in the immediate future”. 

A displaced family sleeps near Beirut’s central Martyrs’ Square after fleeing the overnight Israeli strikes in southern Beirut, in Lebanon
A father and his child sleep near Beirut’s Martyrs’ Square after fleeing their home © Louisa Gouliamaki/Reuters

Residents of the Burj al-Barajneh Palestinian refugee camp in Beirut’s southern suburbs said panic spread rapidly through its narrow alleys and concentrated buildings when Israel warned that the surrounding neighbourhood would be bombed. 

One woman from the camp, a Palestinian refugee who had fled Syria to Lebanon in 2012, had to run again on Friday night, this time to a seaside walkway.

“We fled from the horror. As soon as we heard the evacuation orders, we left,” she said. Her family stood on the side of a dark highway as the sound of air strikes reverberated around them before a van finally offered them a lift.

“We’re definitely not going back. They’re still bombing,” she said. 

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All around her were families who had made the same journey. As the sun climbed higher along Beirut’s corniche where the refugees had sought sanctuary, exhausted fathers strung blankets between palm trees to create shade for their families.

Smoke rises as a building collapses in Beirut’s southern suburbs, Saturday, Sept. 28, 2024.
Smoke rises as a building collapses in Beirut’s southern suburbs © Hussein Malla/AP
A car sits in a crater in Beirut’s southern suburbs, Saturday, Sept. 28, 2024.
A car fell into a crater in Beirut’s southern suburbs © Hassan Ammar/AP

Plastic bottles and potato chip bags littered the walkway that would normally be thronged with joggers and ping-pong players. Instead, children and grandparents sat on the ground eating bread and drinking tea that had been passed out by volunteers. 

Fatima, an 18-year old girl who asked that her real name not be used, had fled from the suburb of Lailaki with her family after midnight. When the bombings first started on Friday evening, they initially decided to remain in their home. 

But the explosions were so intense, so loud and so close that she lost consciousness.

“I fainted,” she said. “Our house became like paper,” she added, moving her hand to show the way her home had seemed to fold and shake. 

The family decided to leave only after the Israeli military issued evacuation orders for houses in their neighbourhood 

Surrounded by her suitcases on the seaside boardwalk, Zaynab, Fatima’s aunt, said she did not know where she would go next or if she would be able to return to her home.

“We don’t even know if our house is still there to go back to,” Zaynab said. 

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Russia invokes its nuclear capacity in a UN speech that’s full of bile toward the West

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Russia invokes its nuclear capacity in a UN speech that's full of bile toward the West

Russia’s top diplomat warned Saturday against “trying to fight to victory with a nuclear power,” delivering a U.N. General Assembly speech packed with condemnations of what Russia sees as Western machinations in Ukraine and elsewhere — including inside the United Nations itself.

Three days after Russian President Vladimir Putin aired a shift in his country’s nuclear doctrine, Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov accused the West of using Ukraine — which Russia invaded in February 2022 — as a tool to try “to defeat” Moscow strategically, and “preparing Europe for it to also throw itself into this suicidal escapade.”

“I’m not going to talk here about the senselessness and the danger of the very idea of trying to fight to victory with a nuclear power, which is what Russia is,” he said.

The specter of nuclear threats and confrontation has hung over the war in Ukraine since its start. Shortly before the invasion, Putin reminded the world that his country was “ one of the most powerful nuclear states,” and he put its nuclear forces on high alert shortly after. His nuclear rhetoric has ramped up and toned down at various points since.

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On Wednesday, Putin said that if attacked by any country supported by a nuclear-armed nation, Russia will consider that a joint attack.

He didn’t specify whether that would bring a nuclear response, but he stressed that Russia could use nuclear weapons in response to a conventional assault that posed a “critical threat to our sovereignty.”

The United States and the European Union called his statements “irresponsible.”

The new posture was seen as a message to the U.S. and other Western countries as Ukraine seeks their go-ahead to strike Russia with longer-range weapons. The Biden administration this week announced an additional $2.7 billion in military aid for Ukraine, but it doesn’t include the type of long-range arms that Zelenskyy is seeking, nor a green light to use such weapons to strike deep into Russia.

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There was no immediate response to Lavrov’s address from the U.S., which had a junior diplomat taking notes in its assembly seat as he spoke.

More than 2½ years into the fighting, Russia is making slow but continuing gains in Ukraine’s east. Ukraine has repeatedly struck Russian territory with missiles and drones and embarrassed Moscow with an audacious incursion by troops in a border region last month.

Ukrainian President Volodomyr Zelenskyy has pushed what he calls a peace formula to end the war. Provisions include expelling all Russian forces from Ukraine, ensuring accountability for war crimes, freeing prisoners of war and deportees, and more.

Lavrov dismissed Zelenskyy’s formula as a “doomed ultimatum.”

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Meanwhile, Brazil and China have been floating a peace plan that entails holding a peace conference with both Ukraine and Russia and not expanding the battlefield or otherwise escalating fighting. Chinese and Brazilian diplomats have been promoting the plan during the assembly and attracted a dozen other nations, mostly in Africa or Latin America, to join a group of “friends for peace” in Ukraine.

Lavrov said at a news conference Saturday that Russia was ready to provide assistance and advice to the group, adding that “it’s important for their proposals to be underpinned by the realities and not just be taken from some abstract conversations.”

He said resolving the conflict hinges on fixing its “root causes” — what Moscow contends is the Kyiv government’s repression of Russian speakers in eastern Ukraine, and NATO’s expansion in eastern Europe over the years, which Russia sees as a threat to its security.

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See more of AP’s coverage of the U.N. General Assembly at https://apnews.com/hub/united-nations

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