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Conservative US legal titan Ted Olson dies aged 84

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Ted Olson and David Boies speak to media

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Theodore Olson, the renowned conservative lawyer who fought to legalise same-sex marriage and was instrumental in securing a presidential win for George W Bush in 2000, has died aged 84.

Olson, a towering figure in the US bar who appeared in some of the most consequential cases in recent legal history, died on Wednesday, according to a statement from Gibson Dunn, the law firm where he had worked.

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“Ted was a titan of the legal profession and one of the most extraordinary and eloquent advocates of our time,” Barbara Becker, Gibson Dunn’s chair and managing partner, said. “He was creative, principled, and fearless — a trailblazing advocate who cared about all people.”

Olson appeared for Bush before the US Supreme Court in 2000, as the Republican candidate fought to call off a recount of votes in Florida during the election against Democrat Al Gore. The decision in that case, Bush vs Gore, ultimately cemented the win for Bush.

Olson later teamed up with David Boies, who had represented Gore in Bush vs Gore, to fight against a ban in California on same-sex marriage. A federal court decision striking down the state ban was seen as a precursor to the Supreme Court’s ruling two years later in Obergefell vs Hodges, which enshrined the constitutional right to same-sex marriages nationwide.

The California case was about same-sex couples’ “right to be treated with respect and dignity and equality under the law in California and throughout the United States”, Olson told reporters in 2013. The collaboration between the two ideologically opposed lawyers was seen as a strong legal endorsement for marriage equality advocates who had been fighting against state bans for years.

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Olson also prevailed in Citizens United vs Federal Election Commission, a controversial decision from the Supreme Court in 2010 that lifted restrictions on campaign finance, allowing companies and others to spend unlimited sums on political races.

Born in California, Olson studied at the University of the Pacific and the University of California, Berkeley. He became an acclaimed appellate lawyer, arguing 65 cases before the Supreme Court during his career.

He temporarily left Gibson Dunn, which he had joined in 1965, twice. The first time was to lead the US Department of Justice’s office of legal counsel in the 1980s, and again in the early 2000s when he served as US solicitor-general during Bush’s first term. During his tenure as solicitor-general his first wife Barbara Olson was killed in the September 11 2001 attacks.

Olson was also private counsel to presidents Ronald Reagan and Bush.

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New £6.6million attraction to finally start works at trendy seaside town

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Folkestone's Leas Lift works will finally start

ONE of the UK’s trendiest seaside towns has revealed new images of its £6.6million attraction set to re-open.

Folkestone’s Leas Lift was forced to close back in 2017.

Folkestone's Leas Lift works will finally start

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Folkestone’s Leas Lift works will finally startCredit: Folkestone Leas Lift
The lift, along with the cafe, will be renovated

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The lift, along with the cafe, will be renovatedCredit: Folkestone Leas Lift

However, works are to finally start on the multi-million pound attraction after London-based firm Apex Contractors have been appointed the £5million contract.

The firm will spend the next three months preparing the site for construction.

The Grade-II listed funicular will be fully restored to operate again which will transport passengers from the cliffside to the beach.

Along with this, the waiting room will be renovated along with a new cafe and outdoor terrace.

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Read more on seaside towns

Chair of the Leas Lift Build Committee Jo Streeter said they were “extremely excited” that works were finally starting.

They added: “We wanted to be absolutely sure that as well as getting value for money – which is vital for our funders and supporters – we selected a company that understands what the Lift means to Folkestone.”

Dan Hollis, managing director at Apex, said: “From the moment we had the opportunity to work on the project, our whole team have been excited about bringing a local landmark with national importance back into public use.”

Along with £4.8million from the National Lottery Heritage Fund, the project is expected to cost £6.6million.

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It hopes to open by summer 2025 although some fear this could be delayed.

The 138-year-old lift is one of only three water-balanced funiculars remaining in the UK.

The 138-year-old seaside attraction set to reopen in 2025 – and it’s right next to the beach

Having opened in 1885, it carried thousands of people on its first day, with 36million passengers by the time it closed.

Folkestone even had two other lifts – The Metropole Lift and the Sandgate Hill Lift – although these no longer exist.

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One of the most famous UK funiculars is the Saltburn Cliff Lift which reopened back in September following a fire.

But Folkestone is set to be a popular seaside destination in the UK, taking on other Kent towns such as Margate and Whitstable.

We spoke to a number of locals about Folkestone, who have seen huge changes in recent years.

The lift will transport people from the cliffside to the beach

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The lift will transport people from the cliffside to the beachCredit: Folkestone Leas Lift

Local Simon, who owns the Champagne Bar which is the ‘closest to France in the UK’ said: “We were told we were mad to open in Folkestone 10 years ago – now look at us.”

There is also Burrito Buoy, a Mexican restaurant that launched their own store after huge success on the Harbour Arms.

Run by couple Sammy and Matt, who is from Oregon, they opened because they “couldn’t get food like this anywhere else”.

And beach-side Brewing Brothers, who opened their first Kent bar after success in Sussex, said: “There’s been so much music this year and going to be even bigger next year.”

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The Sun’s Deputy Travel Editor on living in Folkestone

The Sun’s Deputy Travel Editor Kara Godfrey explains why Folkestone is a great place to live.

I made the move to Folkestone a few years ago, leaving the busy life of London and have never looked back.

Named one of the Best Places to Live in 2024 study by the Times, it toes the balance of being an exciting place to live, without feeling like a seaside town catered to tourists.

There is the Harbour Arm, with bars, eateries and shops, as well as the multi-coloured shops lining the Creative Quarter.

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You can test your skills at F51, the worlds first multi storey skate park, or pop on the Eurotunnel and be in Calais in 35 minutes.

And often walking past the Leas Lift (where the former cafe did one of the best hot chocolates), I can’t wait for it to be restored.

Make sure to visit the new London & Paris hotel too, one of the only boutique hotels in town.

Even the owner backed Folkestone, saying: “I’ve been to other seaside towns and you don’t get that same community feeling – and the food and drink scene here is fantastic.”

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It still hopes to open by summer 2025

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It still hopes to open by summer 2025Credit: Folkestone Leas Lift

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Disney boosted by ‘Deadpool’ and ‘Inside Out 2’

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The box office success of Marvel’s Deadpool & Wolverine and a solid profit in Disney’s streaming businesses helped lift the entertainment company’s earnings by 39 per cent from a year earlier, even as income at its theme park business dropped.

The film’s performance, combined with Pixar’s record-setting Inside Out 2, has eased investor concerns that Disney was losing its magic touch at the box office. Bob Iger, Disney chief executive, hailed it as “one of the best quarters in the history of our film studio”. 

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The films’ strong showing, combined with $253mn operating profit at the Disney+ and Hulu streaming services, offset sharp declines in its traditional TV business. Including the ESPN+ sports service, total streaming operating income was $321mn, reversing a loss of $387mn a year ago. 

Disney is also expecting a strong holiday season at the box office with the release of Moana 2 and Mufasa: The Lion King. “Creativity is very much back on track for Disney, which is obviously the biggest value creator for us because of the way it plays through the rest of the company,” said Hugh Johnston, Disney’s chief financial officer. 

However, investors have grown concerned about another area of the business that had been Disney’s strongest performer over the past two years: the “experiences” division that includes the company’s theme parks and cruise ships. 

Disney’s theme parks roared back from the pandemic but faced an early summer slowdown as American visitors reined in spending. 

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The US business rebounded in the most recent quarter as guests spent more money in theme parks and on cruise ships, but that was offset by weakness at Disneyland Paris and Shanghai Disney. The division had record revenue and operating income for the full year and Disney expects attendance to rise in 2025.  

Disney is investing heavily in its experiences business, with plans to pump $60bn into its theme parks and cruise lines over the next decade. The company expects the division to generate operating income growth of 6 to 8 per cent in the coming year, and “high single-digit growth” in 2026 — thanks to the launch of two new cruise ships that year.

The company earned $1.14 in adjusted earnings per share in the fiscal fourth quarter, beating Wall Street estimates of $1.09. Revenue rose 6 per cent to $22.6bn.  

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Iger returned to Disney after a brief retirement two years ago and launched a sweeping cost-cutting and restructuring plan. Since then the shares have risen but are underperforming the broader stock market.

The company plans to repurchase $3bn in shares in 2025 and says its dividend will “grow in line with earnings”.

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Guiding clients through the Budget changes

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Advisers held back by tech’s ‘swivel chair effect’

For several weeks, we’ve been hearing the government talk about “fixing the foundations” of the UK economy.

Speculation has been rife about how chancellor Rachel Reeves would address the £22bn “black hole” in public finances.

Now, with the Budget out of the way, we have a clearer view of the specific plans.

Billed as a Budget to rebuild Britain, there was a strong focus on making difficult decisions on tax and spending to support economic growth and stability.

The general consensus seems to be it could have been worse

As set out in the Labour election manifesto, Reeves maintained the current rates of income tax, employee National Insurance and VAT. However, while keeping core tax rates unchanged for the broader population, the chancellor brought in new measures aimed at “the wealthiest”, including immediate increases in the capital gains tax (CGT) rates and the removal of the inheritance tax (IHT) exemption on pension assets from April 2027.

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From the details so far, the general consensus seems to be it could have been worse, even for many advised clients likely to fall within the chancellor’s fairly broad definition of wealthy.

Unfortunately, the problem with so much pre-Budget speculation is that it can undermine trust in the system and discourage long-term financial planning.

Many people are already worried about the size of their pension pot, with nearly three-fifths of UK adults concerned they won’t be able to fund the lifestyle they want in later life, according to research by Unbiased.

Interactive Investor saw a 58% increase in cash withdrawals from Sipps in the first half of September, compared to the same period last year

At the other end of the spectrum, rumours over the last few weeks of a possible reduction in pension tax-free lump sums drove some older consumers to try to pre-empt any reforms. Interactive Investor saw a 58% increase in cash withdrawals from Sipps in the first half of September, compared to the same period last year.

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Although the anticipated changes to tax-free cash limits didn’t materialise, for most of those who have already acted, the decision will be irreversible, with lasting implications for the future taxation and investment growth of their pension.

One of the main benefits of taking advice is having professional support on hand to help with informed decision-making in times of uncertainty, whether it’s caused by pre-Budget speculation, market volatility or surging inflation.

Now there is greater clarity on the government’s approach, it’s an opportune time to re-engage clients with their financial plans and check their savings and investments continue to meet their long-term objectives. Technology can make this job much easier.

Giving clients access to a high-level view of their financial position can help them self-serve during times of uncertainty

A business management solution can help you quickly understand which clients are affected by any rule changes and prioritise who to contact. For instance, it should enable you to easily review clients’ portfolio details, tax wrappers, holdings, transaction history and performance, to understand whether CGT may apply, review estate planning and confirm the most tax-efficient income strategy.

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It can also help you identify different segments to send more general information about relevant changes, to help inform clients about any future action they may need to consider.

Giving clients access to a high-level view of their financial position can also help them self-serve during times of uncertainty. Using a secure portal allows clients to get up-to-date valuations across their portfolios, see goal progression and amend selected fact-find data at a time that suits them and without needing to contact you.

Client portals can also provide a gateway into cashflow modelling, allowing clients to try out ‘what if’ scenarios, such as retiring earlier or later, or increasing pension contributions, to see how these changes might affect their future finances.

Now the speculation is over, the work begins on understanding the impact of the changes

This encourages deeper financial-planning discussions, which you can support with a detailed cashflow modelling exercise to create a personalised, visual projection of future wealth across various scenarios, including how Budget rule changes could affect the client’s current and future finances.

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Linking not only valuations for pensions and investments but also bank accounts via an Open Banking integration to the client portal can give a more detailed view of the client’s entire wealth.

This could highlight additional financial-planning opportunities and make it easier to track income and expenditure for a more accurate picture of outgoings and potentially where savings could be made.

Such tools can help illustrate where small changes now can make a big difference to the size of their retirement funds for those building wealth or the sustainability of income for those in decumulation, calming anxiety about the future with a clear action plan.

Now the speculation is over, the work begins on understanding the impact of the changes. Advice will be central to reassuring clients and guiding them through any adjustments required to make sure their future goals remain on track. Technology can aid the process, helping you demonstrate the value that you’re adding to clients’ financial futures.

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Nick Eatock is chief executive at Intelliflo

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Donald Trump’s Pentagon pick sparks alarm — and scorn

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Donald Trump’s choice of Pete Hegseth to run the Pentagon has brought a backlash in Washington military circles as officials decry a “crazy” move to appoint a “bomb thrower” lacking the clout needed to lead the world’s most powerful defence department.

Trump nominated Hegseth, a Fox News host known for his attacks on “wokeness”, on Tuesday — one of several controversial national security picks by the president-elect in a rapid-fire 24 hours of cabinet nominations that sparked scorn from opponents and alarm from US allies.

Hegseth’s critics described him as unprepared for a pivotal job during a period of global conflict — and a threat to the stability of the US defence establishment. The TV host, who also served in the US military, has proposed firing top military leaders including the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

“He is unqualified, and he is the most overtly and extreme political nominee we’ve ever seen. This is a bomb thrower,” said Paul Rieckhoff, founder of Independent Veterans of America, which helps politically independent veterans run for office.

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Rieckhoff said the nomination, coming just a week after Trump’s Republican party won the White House and both houses of Congress, showed the president-elect was past caring about the reaction to his radical agenda for the country.

Trump was “pressing a political mandate in a way we have never seen in American history”, Rieckhoff said.

Even before Hegseth’s nomination, Pentagon officials had grown edgy about Trump’s campaign promises to fire “woke generals” and eliminate diversity programmes in the military.

In private, many seethed at the Hegseth news.

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The Fox News presenter’s nomination was “crazy”, said one senior defence professional — and baffling even to some Republicans who had been reassured by Trump’s pick of Mike Waltz to be his national security adviser and Marco Rubio as his nominee for secretary of state.

Trump’s critics saw it as more evidence of the president-elect’s volatility.

“Trump picking Pete Hegseth is the most hilariously predictably stupid thing,” said Adam Kinzinger, a former Republican congressman.

Hegseth’s possible elevation has already drawn criticism from US allies, amid concerns that the Trump ally’s positions on Israel, Ukraine or Taiwan are not fully known or consistent.

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Trump said Hegseth was “tough, smart and a true believer in America first”, another sign that the president-elect was making loyalty a key requirement of his cabinet appointments.

But former officials warned that Hegseth’s intention to remove top generals, or have Trump fire CQ Brown — who was the first African American to lead a branch of the US Armed Forces — or order the military to take part in mass deportations could spark a significant crisis between service members and the political leadership.

“You’re looking at a potential crisis in civil-military relations here,” said Eric Edelman, vice-chair of the congressionally mandated Commission on National Defense Strategy and a senior Pentagon official during the George W Bush administration.

Hegseth has been a harsh critic of diversity, equity and inclusion initiatives, blaming them for the armed services’ failure to enlist more people, particularly white men.

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Military recruiters have connected a drop in white male recruits to growing obesity and poor funding of education, among other factors.

But the DEI issue points to an area of potential conflict if Hegseth takes the helm.

“Any general that was involved . . . in any of the DEI, woke shit, has got to go . . . you have to re-establish that trust by putting in no-nonsense war fighters in those positions who aren’t going to cater to the socially correct garbage,” he said in a podcast interview with Shawn Ryan.

Hegseth must win a majority of votes in the Senate to be confirmed, which could be a challenge even though Republicans hold a 53-seat advantage in the chamber. Some senators appeared uncertain.

“I don’t know anything about him,” said Bill Cassidy, a Republican senator from Louisiana on Wednesday.

Asked about Hegseth’s reputation on Capitol Hill, a senior Republican national security adviser replied: “Who? . . . He wasn’t on the radar until yesterday.”

But none of the party’s members have said they would vote against him. Roger Wicker, the top Republican on the Senate Armed Services Committee, said on Wednesday he had no concerns with Hegseth, telling CNN he was “delighted” at his nomination.

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The Fox News star’s biggest challenge could be convincing senators — or military leaders — that he is credible as a Pentagon chief, with the managerial chops to lead the nation’s largest bureaucracy or connect with allies and partners.

“I see no evidence that this person has relationships whatsoever with our overseas partners,” Adam Smith, the top Democrat on the House Armed Services Committee, told reporters. “How is he going to do when working on the various coalitions we have?”

Additional reporting by Demetri Sevastopulo and Alex Rogers

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I went to IKEA’s new two-storey high street restaurant – it’s perfect for parents and prices start from 50p

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I went to IKEA's new two-storey high street restaurant - it's perfect for parents and prices start from 50p

WHEN most people hear the name IKEA, they probably think of flat-pack furniture rather than food.

But the Swedish retailer has now dipped its foot further into the hospitality sector with the opening of its first standalone restaurant in the UK.

Consumer reporter Sam Walker visited the new IKEA restaurant in west London

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Consumer reporter Sam Walker visited the new IKEA restaurant in west LondonCredit: Peter Jordan
The restaurant is littered with IKEA-themed English and Swedish messages

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The restaurant is littered with IKEA-themed English and Swedish messagesCredit: Peter Jordan
Customers are served their order at counters at the back of the restaurant

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Customers are served their order at counters at the back of the restaurantCredit: Peter Jordan

The 300-square-metre site on busy King Street in Hammersmith, London, was teeming with life when I visited this week, despite opening just last month.

More than 30 staff now work in the restaurant, with enough seating for 75 people across two storeys, which are fronted with floor-to-ceiling glass panels.

Riccardo Minino, commercial manager for IKEA London City, said the west London site was chosen because of its proximity to the high street and local community.

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This follows other moves by IKEA in recent years to open more compact “XS Stores” located on high streets rather than its traditional larger sites on the outskirts of towns and cities.

“We have families and elderly people from different backgrounds coming in,” Riccardo said.

“It’s a mixed social space where people can integrate together.”

The restaurant lends itself to being a space that’s suitable for all demographics in practice.

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There’s free Wi-Fi available to customers, it’s based right next to a packed shopping centre and there’s self-serve coffee machines where you can pick up a cup for just 50p (if you’re an IKEA Family member).

There is also wheelchair access across the whole restaurant, and one tucked away corner with a microwave where parents can heat up their kids’ food, if they don’t fancy anything on the menu.

The restaurant feels like a fast food spot, but without the noise and hustle and bustle associated with a McDonald’s or Burger King.

IKEA is selling Christmas trees perfect for those who don’t have much space – and it’s less than £15

The first sight that greets you as you step inside the restaurant is three self-service screens where you order your food.

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After ordering, you receive a number which is called out by staff members at counters ahead of you for you to collect.

There is also a chilled section on the right hand side offering customers everything from soft drinks to cold desserts.

Those after a coffee can serve themselves from the machines on the left of the restaurant next to a set of stairs.

New IKEA store opening

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IKEA is opening a new store in spring 2025.

A new shop in Churchill Square, Brighton, will replace the former Debenhams, which has been empty since 2021.

The retailer has been moving way from big warehouse stores in recent years and has been targeting smaller plots in city centres.

It has already got a smaller shop in Hammersmith and has unveiled plans for a shop on London’s Oxford Street, replacing Topshop’s flagship store.

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What’s on the menu?

Foodies can choose from a host of cold dishes including cured salmon with a mustard, lemon and dill sauce for £3.50.

There’s also a shrimp and egg open sandwich for the same price that I had a chance to try.

All the ingredients tasted super fresh and the soft doughy bread was a highlight.

One gripe would be that the mayonnaise on top was a touch gloopy, but for £3.50 I couldn’t really complain.

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You can also get a marinated salmon wrap and Indian summer salad for £2.95 from the chilled section.

The children’s menu consists of meatballs with mash and peas, as well as four vegetarian plantballs with mash and peas for £1.95.

But those on a bit more of a budget can get a tomato sauce and pasta sauce for just 95p.

Adults can also get the classic meatball dish, which comes with peas, cream sauce and lingonberry jam for £5.50.

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I also got to try this, with the salty meatballs pairing nicely with the sweet jam, creamy mash and sauce.

Or there is salmon fillet with bean mix, mashed potatoes and a lemon and dill sauce for £6.95.

If you’re after a quick bite, you can snap up a hot dog for 85p or vegetable hot dog for just 60p.

Served until 11am, there is also a breakfast menu to pick from, including a small or large cooked breakfast which comes with bacon, sausage, hash brown, omelette, baked beans and tomato.

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Those looking for a quick caffeine fix can get a cup of coffee for 50p, if signed up to IKEA Family, or £1.25 if you’re not signed up to the loyalty scheme.

There is also soft serve ice cream on the menu for 75p.

Is it worth it?

The Hammersmith restaurant is definitely worth a trip if you live nearby, or happen to be shopping in the area and fancy a bite or drink.

It takes just minutes to order and be served your food as well, so is an ideal spot if you’re looking to get something quickly.

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The prices are pretty competitive too – where else are you going to find a cup of coffee for 50p in and around central London?

The microwave in the corner on the bottom floor is perfect for parents too, and a nice touch.

Customers can pick from cold main meals like the shrimp and egg salad sandwich

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Customers can pick from cold main meals like the shrimp and egg salad sandwichCredit: Peter Jordan
Customers can order food at self-service screens in the middle of the restaurant

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Customers can order food at self-service screens in the middle of the restaurantCredit: Peter Jordan

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How vulnerable is the UK to Trumponomics?

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UK chancellor Rachel Reeves does not want to “speculate or jump to conclusions” about what Donald Trump’s election means for the British economy.

“It’s an incredibly important trade relationship for the UK and US as well,” she told the Financial Times. “We want to grow that, as it has grown in recent years.”

Yet even if the UK’s reliance on services shields it from the worst of any fresh tariffs, the country remains vulnerable to global shocks in trade, business confidence and the bond market, say economists.

What are the risks to the UK?

Trump warned during the campaign that he wanted to impose a 60 per cent tariff on Chinese imports and 10 to 20 per cent on goods from other parts of the world.

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The UK is a relatively small, open economy, which makes it notably vulnerable to changes in import prices. While the EU is by far the UK’s biggest overall trade partner, in national rankings the US comes first when it comes to purchases of UK goods and services.

That said, analysts argue the UK should be less exposed to Trump’s ire than countries that run a large trade surplus with the US — such as China, Germany, or Mexico.

The US had a trade surplus with the UK, including an $8.2bn goods trade surplus in the January-September period, according to official US figures. However, partially because of differences in accounting for exports from the Channel Islands, the UK also reported a trade surplus with the US.

What happens if fresh tariffs come in?

If the UK ends up getting hit by US tariffs, vocal and economically sensitive industries would be affected. The UK exported about £8.2bn of pharmaceuticals, £7.5bn of cars and £5.3bn of mechanical power generators in the 12 months to the end of June 2024, according to official statistics. 

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Nevertheless, a relatively low proportion of UK goods exports overall go to the US — about 14 per cent in 2023, compared with more than 70 per cent for Canada and Mexico, according to United Nations Conference on Trade and Development data. 

The EU accounts for more than 40 per cent of UK goods and services exports, and about half of its goods exports. “The UK would not be in the front line of countries” hit by US tariffs, said Michael Saunders, a former Bank of England rate-setter who is now at Oxford Economics. “The UK is less vulnerable.”

Any inflationary impact from trade tensions would be mitigated if the UK opts against imposing retaliatory tariffs on the US, he added. 

Based on calculations that took into account the importance of the US as a trade partner and a country’s trade openness, Deutsche Bank concluded that the UK was not in the top 20 countries likely to be most affected by trade tariffs.

Total UK exports to the US are only 2 per cent of its GDP. As such, even assuming full pass-through from a fully implemented 10 per cent tariff increase, the GDP impact to Britain would be close to 0.2 per cent at most, said economist Allan Monks at JPMorgan.

What else does the UK sell to the US? 

The UK is the world’s second-largest services exporter after the US, accounting for about 7 per cent of global services exports. The UK will hope these do not get snarled up in Trump’s protectionist dash. 

British services exports made up for more than half of its total exports last year — a record high, according to official statistics. This is much larger than about a fifth for Germany. 

As a share of the economy, services exports account for about 18 per cent of UK GDP, the largest proportion of any G7 country, about double the figure for Germany and three times the shares of Italy and Canada.

“The UK would be little affected by the direct effects of US import tariffs,” said Elliott Jordan-Doak, economist at Pantheon Macroeconomics. “But the direct effects of Mr Trump’s likely tariffs are only the start.”

What are the wider risks?

IMF analysis suggests global growth would suffer a blow if Trump goes ahead with his trade plans, even though the exact details of his tariff proposals remain unclear.

Any trade war between the US and key partners would have a great impact on EU export powerhouses such as Germany — leading to knock-on effects for the UK economy.

Christian Keller, an economist at Barclays, warned that uncertainty caused by the spectre of tariffs would “negatively affect investment and, more generally, confidence levels in Europe” even before they take effect, which may not be until the second half of 2025.

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The German economy is heavily at risk of US tariffs because of its massive manufacturing sector. It is forecast to grow only by 0.6 per cent in 2025 after marginally contracting this year, according to data compiled by Consensus Economics.

The IMF has modelled the combination of tit-for-tat tariffs, a 10-year extension of Trump’s 2017 tax cuts, reduced net migration and higher global borrowing costs. It warned of a 0.8 per cent hit to forecast global economic output next year and a 1.3 per cent blow in 2026.

What about other US policies?

Trump has vowed not only to extend tax cuts passed during his first term but to push through fresh reductions in corporate tax rates as well as reductions at an individual level on income from overtime pay, tips and pensions. He also wants to deport millions of undocumented immigrants.

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The federal debt is projected to swell by an additional $7.5tn in 10 years if Trump follows through with his proposals, according to pre-election analysis from the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget.

This raises the prospect of bond market investors taking fright at US fiscal laxity and associated inflation risks. If this happened, there could be contagion risks for other fiscally vulnerable countries, including the UK, said Sushil Wadhwani, a former BoE policymaker.

Bond market vigilantes could “switch their attention to us, having first had a go at US Treasuries”, he said. “As a small, open economy we can’t insulate ourselves from trouble globally.”

Additional reporting by George Parker

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