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Let’s make the Bretton Woods insti­tu­tions fit for pur­pose

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We were pleased to read that Mark Malloch-Brown is inviting ideas on how the World Bank and IMF should change, 80 years on from their founding (Opinion, October 1).

There is an urgent need for reform, to meet the growing challenges of accelerating climate change, deepening inequality and debt distress. Reviews can be glacial and undermine existing reform processes. We must not let this happen but rather must add energy, speed and scale to what’s under way. We need to move from incremental change to rapid action to unlock the trillions more in financing needed by 2030.

Over the next 10 weeks there are a number of opportunities for leaders to make good on their professions of political will. At the World Bank and IMF annual meetings in October, the G20 and COP29 in November, and the International Development Association (IDA) replenishment in December, they could and should agree to the following steps:

IDA, the World Bank’s concessional fund for the poorest countries, must be replenished to a level commensurate with historically high needs, namely a real terms increase on the last replenishment — and ideally to an amount of $120bn.

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The multilateral development banks must follow the recommendations of the G20-commissioned capital adequacy framework review and adjust their risk measures to unlock hundreds of billions more in low-cost lending.

They must also review the G20’s “common framework for debt treatments” to better help heavily indebted countries. In addition, we need to see an end to all direct and indirect finance for fossil fuels and a shift in focus to sustainable renewables. The IMF should issue $650bn in new special drawing rights, its reserve currency, to help heavily indebted countries cope with climate impacts, and finally start the process of reforming IMF quotas in favour of low-income countries while removing IMF surcharges.

These are just some of the changes needed to make the Bretton Woods institutions more genuinely representative, inclusive and effective in the current age. We’re delighted to be invited to be part of this conversation. But Malloch-Brown and the political leaders and major shareholders at the multilateral development banks must hear what leaders from the global south are saying — and act on it.

Hannah Ryder
CEO, Development Reimagined, Nairobi, Kenya

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David McNair
Executive Director for Global Policy and Strategy, The ONE Campaign, Dubln, Ireland

Luca Bergamaschi
Co-Founder ECCO, Rome, Italy

Jane Burston
CEO, Clean Air Fund, London, UK

Christoph Bals
Policy Director, Germanwatch, Bonn, Germany

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Jamie Drummond
Founder, Sharing Strategies, London, UK

Jean McLean
Convenor, Green Economy Coalition, London, UK

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Barack Obama says Black men’s support for Trump is ‘not acceptable’

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Barack Obama has said Black men’s support for Donald Trump is “not acceptable”, suggesting they were uncomfortable with a female candidate as the former Democratic president hit the campaign trail for Kamala Harris.

Obama said in an unannounced stop at a Harris campaign office in the swing state Pennsylvania that he had not detected the “same kinds of energy and turnout in all quarters of our neighbourhoods and communities as we saw when I was running”.

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The problem seemed to be “more pronounced with the brothers”, Obama said. Support for Trump, whom he said had denigrated women, was “not acceptable”.

“You’re coming up with all kinds of reasons and excuses. I’ve got a problem with that,” Obama, the first African-American US president, said hours before he was due to hold a rally for Harris, the vice-president, in Pittsburgh.

The comments come as Harris and Trump vie for undecided voters that could determine one of the tightest White House races in decades. Trump has made inroads with some Black male voters in battlegrounds such as Georgia, in contrast to Harris’s success in energising women voters.

Obama’s intervention comes less than a month before the election and marks a new effort to boost Harris, who was an early supporter of his bid for the White House in 2008. The former president remains among the most popular Democratic politicians and is one of its best communicators.

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Obama said on Thursday that he was “speaking to men directly” when he said: “It makes me think that, well, you just aren’t feeling the idea of having a woman as president, and you’re coming up with other alternatives and other reasons for that.

“Women in our lives have been getting our backs this entire time . . . when we get in trouble and the system isn’t working for us, they’re the ones out there marching and protesting. And now, you’re thinking about sitting out or supporting somebody who has a history of denigrating you, because you think that’s a sign of strength, because that’s what being a man is? Putting women down? That’s not acceptable.”

Harris, the daughter of a Black father and an Indian-American mother, would be the first female US president. Polls put her in a dead heat with Trump in the seven swing states that will determine who wins the White House in November.

Several recent polls have shown that Harris’s levels of support are lower among Black voters, and Black men in particular, than Joe Biden had in 2020.

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The 8 most magical Christmas light shows across England in 2024

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Kew Gardens becomes an ethereal fairytale land at Christmas time

CHRISTMAS is a magical time of year and one of the best ways to get into the festive spirit is to see a light show. 

There are many stunning light shows across England from Kew Gardens in London to Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire.

Kew Gardens becomes an ethereal fairytale land at Christmas time

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Kew Gardens becomes an ethereal fairytale land at Christmas timeCredit: Times Newspapers Ltd
Regent Street has some of the most beautiful Christmas lights in the country

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Regent Street has some of the most beautiful Christmas lights in the country

Some even serve festive treats including mulled wine and gingerbread men to help you get into the fun of the season. 

Here are the eight best Christmas light shows in England.

Kew Gardens, London

Christmas at Kew features impressive light displays

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Christmas at Kew features impressive light displaysCredit: The Times

When Christmas arrives, Kew Gardens is lit up with more than a million bulbs.

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It’s an entirely new way to see the 320 acre attraction which is home to over 16,000 species of plants. 

The gardens are bathed in warm, colourful light and the trail is lined with thousands of candles, holographic laser beams and canopies of fairy lights. 

Visiting Christmas at Kew doesn’t have to break the bank either, as ticket prices range from £21.50 for members at off-peak times to £26 at peak times. 

For non-members, it is a little bit more expensive with off-peak tickets costing £25.50 and peak tickets costing £32. 

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Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire

Blenheim Palace is used as a set in big Hollywood productions

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Blenheim Palace is used as a set in big Hollywood productions

The grounds at Blenheim Palace are already so beautiful that they have been used in Harry Potter, James Bond and Indiana Jones — but Christmas there is really something special.

There are thousands of illuminated lights transforming the historic building and grounds into a winter wonderland.

Kids will love the Neverland in the palace experience, which gives them the opportunity to explore the sparkling state rooms, complete with a model London skyline

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Also, £1 will be added at basket stage for each Neverland in the Palace ticket to Great Ormond Street Hospital Children’s Charity. 

Longleat, Wiltshire

Bristol is home to the beautiful Longleat House which opens its gates for visitors to welcome them to its annual Festival of Light. 

The grounds, which are home to one of the UK’s most exciting safari parks, will turn back the clock and take visitors on a journey from the dawn of man to the present day. 

But that’s not all because this light show has a Santa train to meet Father Christmas and his elves.

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The Festival of Light runs from November 9, 2024 to January 5, 2025.

Oxford Street and Regent Street

Oxford Street is one of the busiest streets in Europe

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Oxford Street is one of the busiest streets in Europe

Oxford Street and Regent Street are among the busiest streets in Europe and they are both home to some of England’s best light displays every Christmas.

Both streets have over 300,000 LED lights which provide great photo opportunities while you do some Christmas shopping. 

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Regent Street has huge angels of light spanning across the entire street and Oxford Street is draped in over 5,000 white stars. 

Oxford Street will be lighting up from November 5, 2024, and Regent Street will follow suit just two days later. 

Killerton, Exeter

Christmas at Killerton will feature a traditional Christmas experience that includes an enchanted decorated house, which has green garlands, warming fireplaces and lush trees to make you feel cosy.

There is more fun to be had in the garden, which has an outdoor trail for the kids to enjoy.

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The gardens and chapel grounds will be covered in Christmas lights, making it the best location for a Christmas family photo so dress to impress.

Christmas at Killerton will run from November 26, 2024 to January 2, 2025.

Bedgebury, Kent

Bedgebury is home to a one-mile magical winter trail which has fields of light and giant luminous seed pods.

Then, you’ll walk through sparkling tunnels of light and the forest is drenched in all of the colours of the rainbow.

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It’s perfect for a little Christmas warmth on a cold December day.

Christmas at Bedgebury runs from November 14 to December 31, 2024.

The Twilight Trail turns Mayfield Park into a winter wonderland

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The Twilight Trail turns Mayfield Park into a winter wonderland

Mayfield Park, Manchester

The Twilight Trail transforms Mayfield Park into a 6.5 acre Christmas extravaganza with 50,000 lights.

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From hot chocolate to toasted marshmallows, there is plenty to eat and drink as visitors wander through the winter wonderland.

Tickets are now on sale. Adult tickets priced at £14 and child tickets are £9, with under two-year-olds gaining free entry.

The Twilight Trail runs from November 14 to December 31, 2024.

Liverpool Cathedral

Liverpool Cathedral is the largest cathedral in Britain

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Liverpool Cathedral is the largest cathedral in Britain

The Light Before Christmas 2024: Starlight is an immersive sound and light installation by the acclaimed artistic collective Luxmuralis, in one of the most historic cities in England.

The cathedral will be become a stunning display of sound, light and storytelling — but it only runs for one day so you’ll need to hurry to get tickets.

Head on to Liverpool to catch The Light Before Christmas when takes place on November 30, 2024.

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California legislators not equipped to rework AI law

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Banker all-nighters create productivity paradox

Your editorial on Governor Gavin Newsom’s veto of California’s artificial intelligence safety bill (SB 1047) hits the nail on the head (“California’s AI bill was well-meaning but flawed”, FT View, October 3). The bill was flawed for several reasons. It risked stifling innovation, applied stringent standards too broadly, and couldn’t account for unforeseen misuses of AI. The FT board is correct that getting AI regulation right is worth the effort.

However, your suggestion that lawmakers should simply “rework and clarify vague rules” does not address a fundamental issue. Legislators currently lack the necessary information about how harms from these systems materialise and evolve in the real world to be able to design truly effective regulations. No amount of rule tweaking — whether adjusting metrics, adding safeguards or redefining terms — will resolve this problem.

Thankfully, California can be the birthplace of a better approach. The upcoming meeting of the International Network of AI Safety Institutes in San Francisco provides an ideal platform to shift the focus. Countries on this global stage should collaborate on tracking AI incidents and developing methods to assess the broader societal impacts of these models, such as effects on the environment.

By championing a smarter, evidence-based approach to AI safety, policymakers can better balance fostering innovation with establishing the necessary guardrails to protect society.

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Hodan Omaar
Senior Policy Manager, Center for Data Innovation, Washington, DC, US

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Bit of blue sky thinking on Nato’s common defence

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Banker all-nighters create productivity paradox

Making Europe safe for democracy will take much more than just maintaining Nato country defence budgets at 2 per cent of GDP, according to the organisation’s outgoing secretary-general Jens Stoltenberg (“So far, we have called Putin’s bluff”, Lunch with FT, Life & Arts, October 5).

Probably. But wouldn’t it be possible to improve the organisation’s weapons, capabilities and troops if the national defence forces of each country were put under one command?

Maybe we could start with the Nordic countries. Why do they each have their national defence forces and not one common defence force? Are they afraid of a future conflict and possible war with each other?

Jan Erik Grindheim
Professor, University of South-Eastern Norway; and Afflliate, Civita Think Tank (Oslo), Notodden, Norway

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Ministers have to mitigate effects of renters’ rights bill

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Banker all-nighters create productivity paradox

The renters’ rights bill, which passed its second reading in the House of Commons this week, is set to be the biggest change to the private rented sector in England for over 30 years with proposed changes to ban Section 21 evictions, the introduction of open-ended tenancies and new requirements for property standards and rent increases (Report, September 12).

Propertymark is the UK’s leading membership body for property agents. While we want to see improved standards, the government must fully understand the impact these changes will have, with agents left wondering how this legislation will help meet the much-needed demand for homes for people to rent.

Our monthly Housing Insight Report shows on average eight registrations for each available property with fewer new properties coming on to the market. The bill in its current form is highly likely to exacerbate this situation with more landlords withdrawing homes from the private rented sector, frequently moving them to short-term lets.

Tax is reducing the investment appetite of new and existing landlords with higher rates of stamp duty on buy-to-let properties and the withdrawal of tax relief on mortgage interest costs. Ministers must recognise the financial implications of this bill and the impact it has on the supply of homes to rent.

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Through the renters’ rights bill, the UK government must commit to reviewing all costs and taxes impacting on private landlords to ensure landlords continue in the market and more landlords can meet the demand for homes to rent.

Additionally, with no security of a rental term for a landlord beyond the proposed two months’ notice period and no long-term guarantee of rent, we would expect to see a significant number of landlords attracted to higher rents in the short-term letting market, which also offers them the advantage of being unregulated.

With landlords exiting the private rented sector, the result would be a reduction in the rental stock available for long-term tenants and increased rents. To help mitigate this, the government must also enact the registration of short-term rental property requirements, as passed in the Levelling-up and Regeneration Act 2023, alongside these reforms to level the playing field for landlords and the long-term rental market.

Timothy Douglas
Head of Policy and Campaigns, Propertymark, Warwick, UK

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Business travel expected to surpass pre-pandemic levels this year

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Business travel expected to surpass pre-pandemic levels this year

A new report by the World Travel & Tourism Council forecasts that global business travel will reach a record US$1.5 trillion in 2024

Continue reading Business travel expected to surpass pre-pandemic levels this year at Business Traveller.

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