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Fight for Freedom: Palestinian-American Veteran & Assange

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Fight for Freedom: Palestinian-American Veteran & Assange

The Project Censored Show

The Official Project Censored Show

The Fight for Freedom: A Palestinian-American Veteran and the Julian Assange Case



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In the first half of the show, Eleanor Goldfield speaks with Palestinian-American Mohammed Abouhashem, who on October 21st of last year left the US Air Force after 22 years of service. Abouhashem discusses his decision to leave amidst the murder of six of his family members in Palestine. He describes the ongoing genocide through a lens of military experience, highlighting how Israel and its ally the US are well aware of the civilian casualties, an awareness that for him, made any further military service impossible. Next up, Eleanor speaks with filmmaker Kym Staton about his film Trust Fall recently released in the US. The documentary chronicles the personal and professional life of Julian Assange as well as the US case against him. Staton makes clear the importance of this story and case, even after Julian’s freedom, and offers insight into the remarkable smear campaign against him and how people power is the key to not only combating misinformation, but in freeing one of the most significant political prisoners of our time.

 

Note:

The Service in Dissent open letter mentioned by Mohammed Abouhashem can be found here.

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Video of the Interview with Mohammed Abouhashem

 

Video of the Interview with Kym Staton

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Below is a Rough Transcript of the Interview with Mohammed Abouhashem

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Eleanor Goldfield: Thanks everyone for joining us at the Project Censored radio show. We’re very glad right now to welcome to the show Mohammed AbouHashem, a Palestinian American veteran, former Air Force senior master sergeant of the U. S. Air Force, having served 22 years, before submitting his separation request from the government on October 21st, 2023.

He was previously a 15 year mechanic on cargo tanker aircraft that provided rapid global mobility. And for the past seven years, he has served in different leadership roles in six military readiness units, including reconnaissance and aircraft readiness.

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He has lost six family members since October in Israel’s ongoing genocide of Palestinians.

Mohammed, thank you so much for being here.

Mohammed Abouhashem: Thank you for having me.

Eleanor Goldfield: So I’d like to start with a question that I’m sure you’ve gotten a lot, which is, you submitted that request on the October 21st. Why now? Or why then? Why was that the moment that you felt that you needed to walk away from those 20 plus years of service?

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Mohammed Abouhashem: Well, the main purpose, originally when I joined the Air Force was right after 9-11. As a young 18 year old, I was scared for the family that I have here in the U.S. and I wanted to join because I wanted to make sure that they were protected. That was the main reason, but I almost got out after four years of service.

But the only reason why I stayed in was after talking to some relatives, I had family members that convinced me that this could be an opportunity, that I could stay in and use my voice as a Palestinian-American. We don’t have a lot of representation. Representation matters. Knowing that my family’s lineage from Palestine and how they went through the 1948 war in the 1967 war as well, I could have used my voice. And that’s why I decided to stay in the 22 years.

But, everything in October obviously came and once they, once I finally had the opportunity, I started having those conversations, I found out only three days into the conflict that my aunt was killed in an Israeli airstrike. And immediately, obviously I started gathering the data that I needed in order for me to provide to the intelligence community.

And now gladly I was working in the, luckily, I was working in the District of Washington, where I had members, even my direct report, who saw oversight over the Defense Intelligence Agency, which was great for me because I knew that the intelligence that I was going to provide on the location of where my family’s home, and who lived in those apartment complexes was going to make it directly to our intelligence community and was hopefully going to raise a lot of red flags into what Israel was doing.

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But unfortunately, I was met with complete silence. I never received a response back. And. It took me two weeks to realize that I’m probably not going to receive a response.

And even more so after I submitted my request to part ways from the military, when I started seeing members from the State Department themselves leave because they were advising the Biden administration of the same kind of actions that Israel was taking and our complicity to our own US laws and international law, I knew right then that there was nothing that I, there was no specific rank I was going to reach that would’ve made this, my impact more meaningful. So I had to use my voice in a different way.

Eleanor Goldfield: Yeah, absolutely. And I’m curious about that intelligence that you said that you shared. Is that common practice for people then to share with higher ups intelligence about, hey, there are civilians here, or hey, we actually know these people here, whether that be in a place like Palestine or Iraq or Afghanistan?

Is that typical practice?

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Mohammed Abouhashem: It is typical practice, but I can’t sit there and speak on, you know, everyone that has went through several conflicts in the past, whether they had direct ties to the conflict with family members that are being the ones that are being slaughtered by Israel and U.S. made bombs.

Eleanor Goldfield: Yeah, absolutely. And I found you through a joint open letter titled Service and Dissent that was released on July 2nd. And in one part of the letter, it states that “each of us has had our own experience of the cascading failures of process, leadership, and decision making that have characterized this administration’s intrinsigent response to this continuing calamity.”

So you mentioned that you were just met with silence. Has there been any kind of like side door or like, hey, I wish I could help you, but I just can’t kind of conversations or could you talk a little bit more about that kind of reaction or conversations that you’ve had?

Mohammed Abouhashem: No, to, to be honest with you. I mean, I’ve had several leaders that extended their hand on a personal level of how they can help me get through these times, but beyond what our own intelligence community, what the administration, no one within the higher military echelons even reached out.

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No one contacted me directly. It was mainly my own peers or leadership team that I worked for directly that ever reached out to me and continue to reach out to me to make sure that everything was okay.

Eleanor Goldfield: And obviously, I mean, you had this information, and I’m assuming this information was not heavily, like this intelligence that you then shared was not heavily classified or that you had to have some kind of high top secret pass in order to read it, right?

So then it would then suggest very obviously that the United States is well aware of what Israel is doing and it’s not under the impression that Israel is actually actively trying to minimize civilian casualties.

Mohammed Abouhashem: Absolutely. And it’s, it’s difficult to say that all the intelligence that we’re sharing with them, the amount of reconnaissance that we’ve flown in the past in that region and continue to fly in that region, we have enough intelligence to share with them that what they’re doing, but not only the United States. I mean, you see what’s going on around the globe of all the different countries joining the ICJ case because they see enough evidence themselves of the complicity in a plausible genocide.

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So it’s not far from anyone to say that we as the United States are seeing what’s going on on the ground. I’ve had members from the intelligence community and I quote state, what we’re seeing, what me and you are seeing, what the common public are seeing, they’re seeing twofold.

Eleanor Goldfield: Which is absolutely horrifying.

And of course, we’re recording this on Monday, July 8th. And the Lancet recently just came out with a report that says that the death toll conservatively, according to their research is actually more like 186,000 people.

And of course the state department has announced that they are not going to count the dead anymore. So they’re just going to continue with this genocide denial in a really stark and overt way.

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And I’m curious, I mean, this open letter was not just signed by you, but it was signed by several people who had left their posts not just in the Air Force But in a variety of places. Could you speak to how did you guys find each other? Like what was there some internal memo like hey this person quit, like how did you find other people that were in a similar position as you?

Mohammed Abouhashem: Eventually, we started connecting with each other through the first members that started to leave the State Department Hala and Josh. We, I reached out to Josh directly in regards to his resignation and just asked him about how I should approach certain situations and he started connecting me with other members of the media.

Because when I first made my decision on 21 October, I was going and trying to reach out to the media myself, but unfortunately I wasn’t getting anywhere. And so I wasn’t able to voice my opinion until later in June, once I finally started connecting with all the right people. And. Josh kind of brought us all together as a team to start having those conversations together because you see the reports from we all had, even in the letter, we talk about how we all had our different levels of the departments that we worked on. Yet we all felt the same exact dissent towards what was happening. And Multiple different military members, you have myself, Riley and Harrison, Harrison serves in the army and both myself and Riley are in the air force and completely different departments.

If multiple different people from different departments are noticing the same thing, you’re talking about advisors that are advising our government on the complicity that we might be facing in this genocide. It should send a red flag to most Americans that this impacts our national security on a level that we have not seen and it’s concerning to us.

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Although, you know, we decided to walk away from our positions, we swore an oath to this Constitution. So we are continuing to serve the American people, just in a different capacity.

Eleanor Goldfield: And could you talk a little bit about that capacity? What do you feel like your role is now?

Mohammed Abouhashem: My role personally, obviously, is to try to help people understand the military readiness aspect of what’s happening. For me, this is one of the discussions that I had with members of the media about my fear as a first sergeant and how this is impacting our service members to include our junior members.

It’s a little bit concerning to me. I’ve had multiple service members that were asking about how to submit the conscientious objector package. I’ve had members come up to me and say, you know, this is affecting their health. This is affecting their anxiety. They’re watching a genocide happen live.

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There’s nothing that we can hide anymore. Every social media platform is broadcasting this live. And Additionally, in only a few cases, I’ve had members that wanted to leave the service no matter what, and they were going to drastic measures. In one case that I know of, a member turned to legal drugs in order for them to separate because it’s incompatible with military service.

And this is, to me, this is concerning because if this is happening within our military community, you’re talking about all our NATO allies, all nations. The junior service members, they’re watching this, and they are thinking the same thing. How in the world are we letting this happen?

Eleanor Goldfield: And kind of circling back to what I asked you personally about why now, I’m curious what you’re hearing from other service members. Because, I mean, we’re seeing the first live streamed genocide in the world, which is horrifying, but also very powerful in terms of its effect on how people are dissenting.

But of course, the U.S. has committed atrocities in Iraq and in Afghanistan and Vietnam and going back quite some time. So why do you feel that this in particular is affecting service members differently or more so than what happened in the past?

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Mohammed Abouhashem: In the past, to include even when I was serving back in 2003, it’s a huge difference when every single member of the military is watching these atrocities live on their phone.

There is no hiding what is going on anymore, there is no hiding how many people are being killed. It’s imperative for them to see all these things because they have to make a decision for themselves on whether they feel that our service is illegal, immoral, or unethical. And each person engages their morality a little bit differently, but this is something that we were taught in the military all the time.

We continue to say, you follow all orders, unless they’re illegal, unethical, or immoral. And unfortunately I found right from the beginning that all three have been crossed. And that’s why I had to step aside. But I continue to have young service members reach out to me asking me what they should be doing, and I continue to ask them those questions. Do they feel that this is immoral? And some of them have to make their own decisions on whether they value their morality over what’s going on.

Eleanor Goldfield: Well, I’m also curious with that, as somebody who’s never served in the military, when they say morals and ethics, what are the morals and ethics that they instill in you?

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Because I I’ve been a peace activist since I was like 14, so I’m obviously not talking about it from a military perspective. But like, what do they instill in you in terms of that? Is it kind of like strictly going by the constitution? Or could you talk a little bit about more of those moral and ethics that the military then suggests are ones you should follow?

Mohammed Abouhashem: So the military doesn’t really deep dive into which morality you should follow or which ethics you should follow. We have basic guidelines, but those are basic guidelines. Each person in the military comes from a different perspective, different background, different part of the world where they view morality and ethics a little bit differently from each other.

That’s what makes us diverse. So in, in the case of some members, they see and view this as morally wrong while others may not. And that’s where it’s, you know, just a guideline for the military. But we are all given that same guideline, we have to look within ourselves.

And that’s why anytime a military member reached out to me, I asked them those questions. Do they feel as if their morality or their ethics are being violated? Do they feel like what we are doing and what we are helping Israel accomplish? As illegal. And if they do, then those are the choices that they have to make personally.

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Eleanor Goldfield: And what is, you talked about people reaching out to you to become conscientious objectors.

What is the path there? Or what kind of paperwork or what kind of submssions do you have to make to make that break from the military?

Mohammed Abouhashem: Each department is a little bit different. I would ask that the members reach out to some of their senior leaders to include the IG team of how they can submit a conscientious objector package and how they can submit from miscellaneous separation from the service due to the differences between their values and what the military values are at this point.

You know, everyone gets to a point, I’ve had members when it comes to miscellaneous separation where their family farm was starting to fail and they needed to go back and help their parents. And we authorize that separation based off of, you know, what values does this person have that will make their life a little bit better?

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And we allowed that member to separate so that they can go help their family, that is part of their family lineage. So we’re not going to deny every single separation package that comes our way. But there are a few where the values of what the member sees as a why they need to separate are not compatible with the military values and that those are the people that if they submit a different kind of packages or they go a different route, that you know, I would advise them to obviously talk to their leadership team, the IG team, legal to make sure that they’re doing everything right.

Eleanor Goldfield: So in a situation like this where clearly the United States has one perspective and the person trying to remove themselves from the military has a different one, how does that work? I mean, it seems like it would be easy for the US military to just say, no, you have to stay because this is, we’ve decided that this is correct and we think it’s moral and ethical.

So, I mean, has that created issues, and do you see people that are still stuck in service when they have tried to get out because of what’s happening in Palestine?

Mohammed Abouhashem: Not during the current conflict. In the past, I have seen that there was a conflict in the interst, and those are the people that I just continue to advise, you know, seek other routes to continue.

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Obviously, if you’re still struggling with what’s going on there, that we have the ability to help them out, whether it’s the anxiety of dealing with wars.

Not everyone joins because they thought that they were going to go to a certain country or go to a certain conflict. And a lot of people, when they get into those situations, their values change and we have to try to just help them out.

If it’s me helping them by giving them the support, personally in their life and everything that’s going on, then I will try to help them in that way. But not in the current conflict have I had someone come up to me and say that they were denied, what can I do next?

Eleanor Goldfield: And you said that when you first started back in October to reach out to media, there wasn’t a lot of attention.

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Now that y’all have come together in this way, has there been any response or has there been any attention from what we’d call like legacy or corporate media?

Mohammed Abouhashem: There has been, in regards to the different members, I obviously don’t know which media agencies reached out to every single member, but I do know for myself, ever since, it has completely changed, ever since my first initial with the Washington Post, I’ve had seven, eight different media outlets reach out to me directly and ask me to come on to their show and it’s helping me get my story out now compared to what I was dealing with back in October where I had something to say and I wanted to say it, but no one was confirming any kind of conversation back and forth.

Eleanor Goldfield: And so I’m I’m also curious, there are several, I don’t know if we, if I should call them demands, but kind of bullet points listed in this open letter about what the co signers want and need to see. Could you talk a little bit about these demands and how y’all came to these?

Was this something that was collective? Were these taken perhaps from, you mentioned the ICJ court case, were these taken from other places? Could you talk a little bit about those?

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Mohammed Abouhashem: Well, we know that the power of our voice together is the most powerful thing that we can do. And for us, when we were coming together to write the entire piece, it was more of a collective from some of the members from the State Department, not myself, obviously, being military, I have a whole different perspective on what I can obviously affect.

But from the members from the State Department, when they were writing this and drafting this, obviously, this has everything to do with international laws that are being violated along with the U.S. laws that they are extremely familiar with that are being violated as well.

Yet, our own administration continues to deny that we’re violating these laws or continue to find loopholes on how they should approach certain situations when it comes to supplying weapons with Israel.

They’ve even created red lines that they can’t even follow.

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Eleanor Goldfield: Yeah, absolutely. And I’m also curious, you mentioned that you’d been in touch with former colleagues and things like that, there’s also in that service and dissent letter, a place where you talk about a message to former colleagues. Could you talk a little bit about that?

And in case there are any people that are still in service in the military listening to this, what would a message be that you’d share with them about this situation?

Mohammed Abouhashem: Sure. If I can share any message with them is, you know, that they don’t have to suffer in silence. We know that there’s a lot of people that are still currently serving that have a major issue.

Some of them that reached out to us, uh, and just thanked us for speaking out because whatever set of fears that they may have had of coming out, you know, themselves or coming forward, they were just grateful that we voiced our opinion on the matter.

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There were members that I know of personally that resigned silently. They did not come out publicly to resign, but they’ve called me directly and told me that that reason was because of the conflict. And, unfortunately, we’ll never know what number that is, because each one of us has made our choice whether we are going to come out publicly with the matter or go silently.

But what we are hoping to call on our colleagues to do is to use the power if they are still in, to use their power to try to pressure the administration because things have not changed. We’re in July and the complicity in genocide has not changed, the plausibility that this may be a genocide has not changed.

For them, they can use their power still while they’re still serving. And if they cannot find any alternate means, they can reach out to any one of the 12 members. They can find us on our social media platforms and reach out to us directly if they feel like coming forward, or if they feel like resigning publicly, we can help them with those matters so that they don’t feel the same thing that I went through back in October, where I felt that I was not able to reach out to anyone directly or any news media outlets because no one really knew how big this was going to be back then.

Eleanor Goldfield: Yeah, absolutely. And I’m also curious, though this was not in the letter, you mentioned that you signed up shortly after 9-11, and this is a common theme.

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A lot of my friends, I’m around that same age as well, a lot of my friends had the same reaction, like, oh, I want to sign up because I want to protect my family and my community. And so I’m curious what, your message might be to those who would be prospective military service members that would be thinking about joining up now?

Like, how do you think that this has changed? And if you were, you know, 18 again, would you be looking to join the U.S. military? Do you think that this would still be the right path for someone who wants to protect their family and their community?

Mohammed Abouhashem: That’s an absolutely tough question for someone like myself to answer, especially with me having direct ties to Gaza and family members there.

I don’t think in a time like this, I would have joined at all. I don’t think I personally would have decided to serve based off of what’s going on right now. If anyone is asking themselves whether they should be joining or not, that to each, you know, people join the military for multiple different reasons.

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It’s not just because they want to go to some sort of conflict. Some are struggling financially due to the market or the economy that they’re dealing with and in the location that they’re dealing with. Some join for the education, some join for other purposes. But if they’re asking themselves whether it’s right or wrong, I will just let them know that in the military, we always say, you know, you follow orders unless it’s illegal, unethical, and immoral.

And I go back to that. If they’re considering joining the military. Do they feel this conflict goes against their ethics and their morals? And if it does, then that’s a decision that they have to make as well.

Eleanor Goldfield: I’m wondering, being a Palestinian-American, do you feel that there’s a splintering of your identity? Do you feel that it’s difficult to be an American at a time like this because you are also a Palestinian?

Just like somebody who is from the former Yugoslavia might find it difficult to have been American at the time NATO was destroying Yugoslavia or Iraq or Afghanistan. Do you feel this splintering happening with your identity?

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Mohammed Abouhashem: I do in a sense of obviously what is going over there, what is going on in the Gaza strip, I mean, we’re talking about a 25 mile strip and what has gone on in, in Palestine for the past 76 years, it definitely affects how I approach certain situations, but I’m also an American. Right. And when we moved here, this is what I’ve known my entire life. This is what I’ve known for the majority of my life is how to be an American.

So helping out, what I can make as a change and what can, what I can implement is the changes to the US policies that continue to drive these kinds of actions in Gaza from Israel. And those are the things that I’m focusing on. I can’t change what, I can’t change the policies of Israel. So unfortunately, even though it is, as you stated, a splintering, between being Palestinian and being American, I can’t change what Israel is doing. And unfortunately, as an American, this is what I know. And this is what I can change. I can help the American people understand how this affects their national security and how it impacts their every single day life.

When they watch the majority of our allies turning towards the ICJ in the case against genocide from Israel. And if we are complicit in this, it does affect them. It does affect the, we’ve seen it even in the letter that we wrote, how we affected our soldiers in Jordan with the three members that were killed.

This only paints a target on the American people. And so it, in two ways I’m affected because I have direct ties and I have my people that are being affected in Gaza, but at the same time, my people here in America are being affected by our policies and blind complicity in genocide that our administration continues to go with.

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I talked about the bombing of my family’s home of my aunt’s home and I talked about how the Israel military’s response when I finally received the response was that it was a Hamas operational structure, which I quickly rebutted that because we know the members that live in that family. They are regular family members. They are teachers. They are market owners. There’s nobody in there that anyone does not know. There were 12 children killed in that same building.

Yet, it doesn’t equate to what the law of armed conflict that, specifically proportionality of if you’re targeting a Hamas operational structure, most of the family members, when they heard the the Israeli military, the initial, what they call a roof knock, they stepped outside of the building and they were outside the building for 90 minutes waiting.

And when nothing happened, they went inside. From my uncle, from my cousins, basically what they said is the minute that they entered the living room, by the time they made it into the apartment and into the living room, that’s when the building was struck. And they found themselves underneath the rubble.

So if it was a Hamas operational structure, why did Israel military decide not to attack it when all the people were out of it? And we questioned, you know, their response. And when we asked them again, how to explain how it was a Hamas operational structure, they declined to answer. That to me is important because it shows that they are not willing to give a direct response or intelligence on anything.

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And I don’t know what they’re concerned about. If they’re saying it’s a Hamas operational structure, they should not worry of explaining to the people how it was used in that way, to cover themselves. But the fact that they declined to answer, and the fact that they were refusing to give anything more than the blanket statement that they continue to give the media of Hamas operational structure, it doesn’t cut it.

And it doesn’t cut it in a ICJ case as well.

Eleanor Goldfield: And did you reach out as a Air Force veteran or did you reach out as a civilian?

Mohammed Abouhashem: As a civilian through the media outlets.

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Eleanor Goldfield: And so then they responded to you via the same media outlets?

Mohammed Abouhashem: They responded through a different media outlet. Declined to answer.

Eleanor Goldfield: And I’m also curious now that you mentioned that, because as I understand it, and please do correct me if I’m wrong, but Hamas is basically the government in Gaza, and so to say that something is a Hamas structure, isn’t that kind of like saying it’s a government structure which could be anything? Like, it feels purposefully vague.

Mohammed Abouhashem: It does feel purposefully vague. It feels that they’re, I mean, you’ve heard of multiple times a school is a Hamas operational structure, a hospital is a Hamas operational structure. Well, if you look at the laws of war and you look at when you’re defining how to strike a school, it has to have an imminent threat to you or your personnel.

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You can’t say that it’s just a Hamas operational structure and we struck it. That’s not how the laws of war work. You have to define that this was an imminent threat and it was used that way. Well, what imminent threats have we noticed when every single hospital and every single school has been destroyed?

No one is talking about, well, there were missiles fired from the school at Tel Aviv or there were missiles fired from this hospital at another city in Israel. So what imminent threat were they facing exactly? They use this blanket statement so that they can justify that they can destroy this building.

But unfortunately, Israel follows the Geneva Convention, just like the majority of the other countries, and they’re going to have to try to defend themselves in the ICJ case that what they’re doing was right. And unfortunately, I don’t see how that’s going to work.

Eleanor Goldfield: Well, an imminent threat. I mean, you can’t compare the firepower of the Palestinians against Israel. It’s literally like comparing rocks and tanks.

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And I mean, the idea of, like, I’ve used the example, let’s say that there were an active shooter in a school here in the U.S. If the cops then bombed that school, would everyone be like, yay, we did it? You’d be horrified that that would be the response.

That’s not how you deal with a threat. If there were one in a school, you would try to pointedly address that threat. And yet it’s okay if it’s done in Gaza.

Mohammed Abouhashem: We can even look at it even further. I mean, the international community continues to say that we’ve, that we’re trying to help out, minimize civilians.

Gaza is a 25 mile stretch with 2. 2 million people. Gaza is not its own country that’s separated from Israel. It’s inside Israel. If you were really trying to minimize civilian population, just like if we were to say that there was a terrorist threat in Texas and they’ve embedded themselves among civilians, the first thing we would start to do is try to minimize the civilian casualty by getting them out of the state of Texas.

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If you remove the civilian population from Gaza into Israel, because that is their country, and you could, they could have had, you know, the multiple coalitions of forces helping them with maintaining the population right outside of Gaza so that they can go in and get the hostages safely. There is no reason that anyone should believe that they were protecting the hostages when they were firing almost 6,000 rockets per day from the very beginning of the war. There is no reason to believe that they are trying to protect civilian casualty when they could have let the civilians leave through those gates into Israel and provide, even if they didn’t want them to mix completely within the cities of Israel, they could have created an entire tent city right outside of Gaza while they went in to get the hostages and went after Hamas.

No one would have questioned how many bombs that were dropped on buildings if they weren’t being dropped on civilians at the same time. I want to say this also, I mean, this is a, this is a comment from some of the Palestinian people to include my family members.

They always say, let them bomb the buildings. We can rebuild buildings. It’s fine. Why are they bombing the people that are in the buildings?

Eleanor Goldfield: Yeah. And of course, if you, unfortunately, or fortunately, I think it’s necessary for people to learn the history of Israel. If you do, then you realize that the whole goal is ethnic cleansing and genocide.

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So it’s not about Hamas because Hamas only existed, has only existed for the past 30 some odd years.

So, and just when you were talking, I was thinking about something else, because obviously you understand military operations, which I don’t, and I think a lot of listeners, being civilians who have never served, don’t either.

Do you think the understanding of how things could be done differently in a military sense, is also pushing U.S. service members to dissent because they know, you could have done it differently?

Mohammed Abouhashem: I do believe so. I’ve had a certain conversations with some of my colleagues regarding that fact.

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But even more so that, we know that Israel had the intelligence on the fifth and sixth, and they could have prevented this. And now from the, from what I can talk about, obviously I can’t talk about the intelligence besides the fact that I received information from within the intelligence community, from some of my colleagues that told me that they had proper intelligence to tell them that they should have been on alert status and they could have stopped Hamas on the 6th of October.

But what I do understand is military readiness, meaning aircraft readiness, and whenever, just to use as an example for anybody that’s listening that doesn’t understand. On the 4th of July, when we heard chatter, when the intelligence community heard chatter, that there may be intensified incidents that may raise alarm, and that’s why we raised the threat levels within the military installations overseas.

It should give people a reason to understand that when the intelligence community from Israel received credible sources not only from the intelligence community, but even the outposts near Gaza, their own people stated in an article, it was written I believe in the Haaretz newspaper, when they were talking about the Hannibal objective, they warned that there was a lot of activity happening, why the alert status of the Israeli government was not at the highest level.

Why their aircrafts were not ready to go within 15 minutes, as if everything that we trained on between our coalition forces, when it comes to alert status, we train that they can get up in the air as quickly as possible. Why was that not a priority for them? Those are the questions that the people need to be asking of the government of Israel.

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How in the world did they let this happen? What broke down, what intelligence was not provided to the right people, or was this done purposefully?

Eleanor Goldfield: Yeah, I think, not that I’m a betting woman, but if I were, I think I know where I’d put my money.

Mohammed Abouhashem: I mean, most, most of the people can, can really look into the force protection levels, everything that I’m saying is all on Google, Wikipedia. I mean, we don’t shy away from posting the force protection levels.

Neither does our NATO allies. This is how we prepare for certain actions. And we practice together in red flags in Vegas, we practice what alert status and how to quickly get fighter aircrafts into the air. So this isn’t news to anyone of how we operate together as a coalition, how we helped Israel. Actually the first time in seven years that they joined red flag was last year in 2023. So they know what heightened alert status is. They know what force protection is when it comes to intelligence and where they should be standing.

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Why did it take, and I’m, I don’t want to be quoted, I read in one, one or two news articles that it took almost 8 to 12 hours to respond. How did it take 8 to 12 hours to respond when you had multiple credible sources stating that the threat levels of what Hamas was doing? It shouldn’t be any question in people’s minds that they could have prevented all of this.

Eleanor Goldfield: Absolutely. I mean, Gaza is the most surveilled place on the planet. And the idea that, I mean, Israel literally has counted calories for the people who live there. And so the idea that you couldn’t know about this is, it’s absurd. If you know anything about how Gaza is run as an open air prison, it would be like there being a mutiny inside of a prison and the guards didn’t know. I mean, it’s ridiculous.

Mohammed Abouhashem: This is more of a personal opinionated piece. So our government officials created this policy for our department of defense personnel and their spouses that they can’t accept gifts that are larger than $300 from foreign entities. And the reason why is because it, it affects or undermines their ability to do their job correctly.

I would definitely question how we’ve created these policies for all our government agencies to not be able to accept money from foreign entities, yet we accept millions upon millions of dollars, our politicians accept millions of dollars from foreign donors. How does it not affect their ability to perform their job to their fullest ability for the American people, and the American people first?

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Eleanor Goldfield: Yeah. I mean, the fact that AIPAC is allowed to operate is just remarkable. I mean, they give billions of dollars to members of Congress who then claimed that they are objective in their dealings with regards to Israel.

It’s laughable in the most morbid way. Mohammed, thank you for highlighting that point. And, where’s the best way for people to get in touch with you or to get in touch with folks who are running this campaign?

Mohammed Abouhashem: I woulld tell for the majority of people that are trying to reach out that we have our social media platforms that they can reach out to, from LinkedIn, from different avenues that way that they can reach out to us so that we can communicate and see how we can move forward together.

Eleanor Goldfield: All right. Well, thank you so much, Mohammed. I really, really appreciate you taking the time to sit down with us.

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Mohammed Abouhashem: Thank you so much.

 

Below is a Rough Transcript of the Interview with Kym Staton

Become a sustaining member of our work, and get cool swag, at Project-Censored.org/Support

Eleanor Goldfield: Thanks, everyone, so much for joining us, the Project Censored radio show. We’re very glad right now to be joined by Kym Staton, who’s a filmmaker, poet, and musician from New South Wales, Australia. He’s the writer and director of The Trust Fall, Julian Assange, and the founder and director of Films for Change. He won an award for Best Emerging Director Australia at the Melbourne Documentary Film Festival in 2023. The Trust Fall comes out in U. S. cinemas on July 17th. Kym, thanks so much for joining us.

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Kym Staton: My pleasure, Eleanor, thanks for having me.

Eleanor Goldfield: Absolutely, and I must congratulate you on a very powerful and beautifully made film. And it must be perhaps the most joyous event of feeling that you might have to do an updated edit of that film.

Kym Staton: Yeah, it’s a good thing, you know. The film was made with the aim to add weight to the campaign for Julian’s freedom, and guess what? Here we are. He’s free. He’s with his family. He’s even in my country. He might end up being my neighbor one day.

Eleanor Goldfield: You would be so lucky.

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And I want to get right into the film because there’s a lot that I really appreciated about it, but something that in particular that I wanted to start with was an interview with Nils Melzer, who’s the former UN Special Rapporteur on torture.

And he became very outspoken about what was being done to Julian, and yet he highlights how he initially ignored the request to take a look at Julian Assange’s case because he felt, quote, that it was just this hacker, this traitor. And he admits that he didn’t know where he got his negative emotions towards Julian from, that he recognized that he was emotionally convinced, even though he didn’t actually know about Julian’s case.

And he goes on to say that, “If you think that Assange is a traitor, a rapist, a hacker, I don’t blame you because you have been deceived. And if you think you’ve not been deceived, that’s normal. Otherwise, it wouldn’t be deception.”

I think that’s such a powerful quote. And in your film, you cover both his personal life going back all the way to his school days, but also his professional life.

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And I’m curious, what did you notice in your research and filming that hit with people the most? Was it the personal character assassinations? Like, oh, he’s just a hacker and a rapist? Or was it more the professional side? Like, oh, he’s guilty of so called treason or terrorism?

Kym Staton: Yeah, I like that you pick up, picked up on that Nils Melzer statement.

I found Nils’ involvement in this was very pivotal, being in his role as UN Special Rapporteur on Torture at the time, that he’d visited Julian in prison with two other doctors, one of which we feature in the film, Paulo Pérez Sousa. He visited Julian in Belmarsh a few years ago, and they assessed him under the Istanbul protocol for torture and determined that he was a victim of torture.

And that, that line that you mentioned, which we put in the film that Nils says that he felt like he already had an opinion on Assange, but he didn’t know where he had it from. I just felt that was so relevant to so many people, like I put that in the film because I felt like, especially at that point where we’ve just covered, we’ve just attempted to debunk and dismantle those smears, those main smears that Julian is a rapist, a hacker, a traitor, a Russian agent, that he didn’t redact, putting that line of Nils right there was intended so that the audience could be invited to actually, just identify with Nils and say, yeah, that’s me. You know, I, I had that same thought, those doubts about Julian based on his character. I bought into the false narratives that have been created, that whole web of lies that have been spun about him, so that was placed there so that hopefully it would be a turning point for those people that still had some prejudice or some doubts.

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And I think those are still prevalent. I mean, even after his release, we had even the Australian media, these rubbish rags, you know, The Age and The Australian newspaper and Sky News just regurgitating, recycling those smears, especially the one about he put lives at risk and it was just astonishing, especially in the actual court hearing.

I’m not sure if you heard the audio from Saipan, where the judge literally recognized that no lives were put at risk. And that was part of basically the acceptance by the US that no one had been harmed, was basically presented as part of the reason that he could have that plea deal, and for them to reduce the indictment, the counts of the indictment, basically from 18 counts down to one count, one single count that he pleaded guilty for.

So Judge Manlona, this is the quote from what she said in the courtroom in Saipan two weeks ago, quote: “there’s another significant fact. The government has indicated there is no personal victims here. That tells me the dissemination of this information did not result in any known physical injury.”

And that’s a confirmation of that really important fact that the Wikileaks disclosures did not cause anyone harm. That’s on top of the original debunking of this claim, which occurred in 2013 at the trial of Chelsea Manning in the US at Fort Meade, where the Pentagon had to admit under oath that no lives had been put at risk.

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And yet you still had Sky News Australia do their coverage. And the first thing I heard one of their hack journalists say was, he put lives at risk. However, the public are applauding him as a hero and he’s home and he’s blah, blah, blah. You know? So they use that as a preface to their whole segment as if it was fact.

And that’s one of, you know, many Australian journalists and I guess UK as well. And the US where they’re using these false narratives repeatedly without doing any research of their own, you know, what does that say about them as, you know, so called journalists that they can’t even do any kind of research on what is the truth about the matter?

Eleanor Goldfield: Yeah, absolutely. And I do want to get into that because I obviously live in the United States and I’m also Swedish, so I can speak to, and I used to say, I’m glad I’m Swedish, now I don’t anymore, but I can speak to how people in the U.S. and indeed Sweden view Julian Assange very twistedly, but I’m curious about how people in Australia, his home country, view Julian.

And if that was an impetus to why you wanted to make this film, was it to shift opinion also at home? How has the perspective of Julian been in his own home country?

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Kym Staton: Yeah, we definitely want to shift the opinion of those that are still on the fence and have doubts and unsure. But, you know, more so just to give people a real understanding of why they went after Julian. Why did they persecute him? How was he treated? The whole extent of the awful treatment of Assange.

So, I think in Australia, he has had really right from 2011, 2012, he’s had massive support. Some people believe some of those smears, but majority people knew what was up.

There’s been surveys in the last couple of years. I think two different surveys have been done, I think it was the Australian Assange campaign that did those surveys. So they basically paid a company to do a proper survey on the public opinion. And they basically found that of people that understood the issue and knew what was going on with Assange, that about 80 percent of them supported his freedom.

That was a previous survey. And when I heard about that one, I think, well, what I thought, what about the people that don’t know about him? And so that’s a big part of the aim of the film is to educate people in the first place, but also those that, the other, you know, 20 percent that think that he should be sent, should have been sent to the US and thrown in a US jail for 175 years, well, why is that? Most likely it’s because they believe those smears.

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But Definitely massive support in Australia and it’s definitely grown since he became free and he basically received a hero’s welcome. I think his, the support and the interest has grown even more.

And look in this country, a new country, Australia, it’s only, what, 240 years old, the white Australia anyway. Aboriginal, Indigenous cultures have been here, that’s probably the oldest culture that’s ever existed over 100,000 years old. But you know, the white Australia is so new and it’s built on convict labor. Most of the people that live here, our ancestors are convicts, rebels, people that were desperate and, you know, stole a loaf of bread and got put on a ship including some of my ancestors were convicts.

So there’s a bit of a rebellious spirit here, even though we haven’t ever had any sort of real revolution, people understand rebellion, they understand rebels, the underdog, as we call them. And, there’s a legend of, I don’t know if you’ve heard of Ned Kelly, who was basically a bush ranger. He stole from people, there’s nothing admirable about him at all, really, except that he rebelled. And it’s a legend, he just basically stole from the rich, lived in the bush and when everything went to crap, he just basically built some metal and put it over his head and like built this body armor. I guess it was one act of creativity that captured people’s imagination. Build some body armor and then has this sort of final stand. And basically you know, one man against a hundred police. And there’s some interesting parallels between Ned Kelly and Assange. Assange is a rebel. He stood up to authority, but, he has done something incredibly significant for humanity, for our understanding of the world.

He took them on. One man against the biggest empire that’s ever existed. But you have this incredible thing that people need to realize, that he did something for our understanding of the world, towards a world without wars, towards greater accountability towards exposing war crimes and corruption. He’s done that.

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And, and so I think more and more, the Australian people are going to embrace him for what he is, which is an incredibly courageous, heroic person. Basically he threw his own body like a spanner into their war machine. He took them on like a David and Goliath story.

So I think Australian people can really relate to that. You can sort of see it in the way the film has been embraced. When we first brought it out in Australia, we had no advertising budget, but we were getting full cinemas with hundreds of people. And then when we did take on investors and we were able to advertise, it absolutely blew up.

It’s the most watched Australian documentary of the year in cinemas. We’ve had 350 cinemas across Australia, New Zealand, UK, so, you know, we had people going to all kinds of lengths to convince their local cinema to show it as far as even collecting a petition to petition their local cinema. A lady in Boweral, south of Sydney, the cinema said to her, ah, look, we can only book this film if you think you can bring 300 people and not to be discouraged, she went and literally collected a list of people that wanted to come, went back to them, they put it on and they ended up showing it nine times down in this little town.

And there were many stories like that in country towns where hundreds of people came to see it. So there’s incredible interest and incredible support. It’s nearly seven months and the film is still running in Australian cinemas. We’re getting rebookings since Julian was freed. And there’s cinemas where it’s been shown many, many times and it’s still running. I think the record is a cinema in New Zealand called The Vic. It’s in Auckland, New Zealand. They had 47 sessions of the film. So, interest in Australia, New Zealand has been extraordinary. UK, slightly less.

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I’m not sure if that’s because of the weather. They prefer to watch comedy. They’re all a bit depressed, you know, greasy food and Guinness and comedy. But the response to the U.S. is very different, from U.S. programmers. It’s been way, way lower. And I think that’s an interesting thing to talk about, to what degree are U.S. People, American people scared to get behind this and to what degree, maybe half of them also actually feel like Julian was a traitor and he’s anti American. Which is ridiculous.

But you know, there was also a survey in America that showed that 52 percent of Americans believe that he should be on trial and he should be found guilty, you know, so very different levels of support in America versus Australia.

And we’re seeing that reflected in the uptake so far from US cinemas. It’s been a lot smaller so far, but I do hope that this film, especially in light of Julian being freed, and all of the documentation of the work that he’s done and so on, that hopefully there’s a changing of opinion in regards to Julian in America.

And also hopefully those that see the initial screenings of The Trust Fall in U.S. cinemas will spread the word and realize, hopefully the film makes them feel embarrassed as U.S. citizens that it’s their government responsible for this persecution of an Australian journalist.

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Eleanor Goldfield: Yeah, and I think also with that, kind of going back to what Nils Melzer talked about is what I appreciated about your film is that it didn’t talk down to the people who had had these incorrect perspectives about Assange. You know, as Nils says, I understand, I was with you and I was the UN special rapporteur on torture.

I mean, if you can fool him, then clearly, you know, the rest of us have little hope of battling the immense propaganda machine. And so I really appreciated that you didn’t talk down to people who had that perspective, but instead you invited them to change that perspective.

And, this is something that we’ve also seen, for instance, Kevin Gosztola, who wrote the book, Guilty of Journalism, that covers the case of Julian Assange, who’s been a frequent guest on this show as well, highlights that point very well, that the media created this.

I mean, actually, I have to hand it to them. This brilliant campaign to smear Assange, much like they did with Snowden and Chelsea Manning. And this is what they do. They have a lot of practice.

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Kym Staton: It was an astounding campaign. You know, they had 100 people on the task force to bring down Assange and Wikileaks.

And I think one of the most compelling sort of powerful examples of the lengths that they went to, to spin this narrative, it’s something we forgot to put in the film, but about a month before they knew already that the Ecuadorian government had agreed that they could take Julian out of the embassy.

So they had about a month to plan that scene, you know, this bit of theater where Julian is carried out and put in a van like a criminal. So what they did was somebody stole his shaving equipment, his razor, his scissors. And when they pulled him out, he looks like a hobo. He looks bedraggled, long hair. He looks like a loser. And that’s what they wanted to do. And that’s not how Julian likes to present himself. He’s an intellectual. He’s dignified. He’s, you know, he likes to be well presented. And so that would have been distressing for him to be seen by millions of people around the world like that.

And then as soon as he arrived at Belmarsh, I think within a few days, we saw that leaked footage of him inside the prison. And he’d gone back to his usual self. He was clean shaven and he’d had a haircut and that’s how he would prefer to be. And you know, that was the beginning of that narrative.

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Although actually it went a long way back. Sorry. Of course, with the Swedish smear, where they took two women who’d just gone to the police for help to convince Julian to get an STI test and somehow it gets all concocted into this whole rape allegation, and then all over the newspapers, front pages of all over the world. It was such an orchestrated, so much effort that they put into bringing him down and undermining the public opinion of Assange over all those years.

Eleanor Goldfield: And I want to talk a little bit about that because there’s this, and having organized in the U.S. for Assange, there was always this conversation with fellow organizers about how much we should spend time on his personal, on the personal side of things, and how much we should say, look, it doesn’t matter if you like Julian or not, this is an atrocious way of dealing with somebody who’s a journalist.

And I wanted to ask you about that because you go both into his personal side of things, as I mentioned. You talk about him going back to his school days and wanting to use what he’s learning about tech and things like that to really expose corruption to truth.

What do you think the importance is of uncovering the personal aspect of Assange versus the professional? Like, how important do you think it is that people understand that this is somebody who’s morally and ethically, such an intensely morally driven person versus, look, it doesn’t matter if you like him or not, but let’s just focus on the fact that he’s a journalist.

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What do you think the balance is there?

Kym Staton: Yeah. Interesting point. That’s something I really considered deeply was to what degree should we spend time in the film revealing the visions, the mission of Assange and Wikileaks and also him, his character? What is he like as a person? What’s his personality?

And I thought it was really important because, you know, most humans, not everybody, but most people do judge the book by its cover with other people. I’ve seen that myself in some of the interviews I’ve seen and even an interview that I had on talk TV in the UK when we were in London, a TV show there, the guy next to me, he was sort of like a commentator and when it was his turn to talk, the first thing he said was, “I don’t like Assange” and you know, I just wanted to jump in and say, well, Who cares?

I don’t care. No one cares whether you like him or not. You know, I’ve heard so many comments from people and radio people and journalists and even very recent articles where they, there was one, I can’t remember the exact lines. Someone described him, I think it was the Australian newspaper who very frequently like to rip into Julian and they said something like he’s vulgar and he eats with his hands and they were just looking for anything that they could find.

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You’ve had journalists criticize his hair because he’s got this unusual appearance because he went gray so early in life. Interestingly, his mother, Christine, told me over the phone not so long ago that his hair went gray when he went through a separation with his partner, when they had their first child, Daniel as young, very young adults.

And the stress of the court case where he was battling for custody of his son made his hair go gray and so Julian’s someone that’s battled with lots of challenges in life, not only because he’s taken on basically every country in the world by exposing their dirty laundry, but also, he’s had personal struggles and he was a wonderful single father for that time as a very young man, looking after his son.

Oh, you could go right into all this stuff. You know, in the film, we chose to start from his university days. I didn’t want to go back too far because it was already going to be a long film and you can only fit so much in. We start from his university days and I wanted to interview his friends at the time.

And that was because I wanted them to paint a picture of this young adult Julian, prior to Wikileaks, like just before Wikileaks, what was he like? And his friend at university, Neeraj Lal, who’s now a scientist, Neeraj described him as more ahead, further ahead than all the classes at university and even ahead of the professors that were teaching it.

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So we got this picture of Julian as being incredibly bright, incredibly, basically a genius is my opinion. And then the wonderful Suellette Dreyfus, who’s a professor, probably the most eminent professor in Australia of encryption at the moment. And she knew Julian from way back in his sort of days as an ethical hacker, as someone that was interested in the creation of the internet in Australia.

She met him on online forums and she described him as quirky, just an interesting character that didn’t really care about what people thought about him. And then we had this archive footage of him, you know, standing on a train station with an apple in his mouth, but he’s not holding the apple. It’s just hanging. And he is, he is quirky. He’s got his long gray hair and apple hanging from his mouth.

And so he’s always been an interesting character, someone that I would really love to meet. You know, I was always fascinated with anyone that was a bit eccentric when I was at that age and if you look back at some of Julian’s early writings, some of the first books that he put out, and even some of his blogs, he was writing really interesting stuff.

So he is a very interesting person. You could make a whole film on that stage of his life, but we just wanted to show that he was on a mission to end corruption, to expose crimes of the powerful. And as Suellette Dreyfus said, which ended up being one of the main lines in that chapter of which we call Genesis, the Genesis of WikiLeaks, basically, she said that he had this burning desire to expose corruption.

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And, he felt that if that was done, that we could solve the inequity in society, poor people would be less poor. So he saw a link between this sort of unabated power that a small number of people have in the state, the empire and the powerful countries of the West and the trickle down effect where you have this poverty that exists and this rampant corruption that continues on.

So he’s always had this vision and something that really also influenced my opinions of Julian was one of many interactions I had with people that knew him in his early life. I had this lady from Lismore contact me one day on Facebook out of the blue, and she said, I’ve got pictures of Julian when he was eight years old.

And those were the photos at the beginning of the film where he’s got a red jumper on and pulling faces. She used to work with his mother, Christine. Christine would bring Julian along with her and so her son and Julian would play together. And one day, she asked Julian, what do you want to be when you grow up? And he said, I’m going to end corruption in the world.

So, you know, I had this picture of him, I still have it. Dreyfus also mentioned, which, we didn’t get to fit into the film, but she said when he was at uni, he was horrified to discover that the university was receiving funding to do research on weapons, the creation of, you know, for example, how to make tanks that could drive very comfortably over the top of dead bodies.

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He was just disgusted that they were using university funds to assist war profiteers, companies that are constructing weapons. So, there’s just an accumulation of all of these things that impelled Julian to, I think he was just always searching for something that he could do to make a difference.

And when he came up with this idea of an anonymous drop box to protect whistleblowers using encryption. He was an encryption expert and he just realized that this was, in combination with this new thing called the internet where you could just have mountains of documents spread at little to no cost. And he just put all this together and came up with this invention that changed the world.

And so, we wanted to simultaneously humanize Julian, show a little bit of what he’s like, and there’s swearing. He’s just, we want to just show that he’s a human and he was on a mission. He’s an interesting character and intellectual, but above all, that he is a compassionate person that cares about the state of the world and wants to make a positive difference.

Eleanor Goldfield: Yeah, absolutely. And that definitely comes across. And I think what you’re saying also points to something that I highlight as well when I do, you know, frontline trainings and things like that, or speaking to folks who are curious about, oh, how do I become an activist?

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And it’s like, there’s no such thing as a professional or an expert activist. It’s just people who decide that they care deeply about something or some things, they see injustice and they want to make it just. And they use whatever skills they have. I mean, you pointed out that he was really good at encryption.

So, okay, how can I use that to address this idea that I’ve had since I was eight to end corruption? Oh, this is a way to do that. And so I think it’s, again, just taking the thing that you’re passionate about or that you’re really good at and tying that into addressing injustices that you see.

And I think that’s a really powerful message as well. And, we could talk about this for days, and I would definitely recommend that people take a couple of hours to check out this film. You can check it out, the trailer, and more information about it at thetrustfall.org.

But finally, Kim, wrapping up here, I think a good thing that you kind of prophetically highlighted on that website is Julian Assange will not be saved by the law. He will be saved by the actions of the public.

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And so I just wrapping up here, any final thoughts on kind of the arc of making this film and, how do you see this film project with regards to what’s happened with Assange and what could happen moving forward with his continued drive to address corruption?

Kym Staton: Yeah, it’s a fascinating outcome and situation. Firstly, it’s just absolutely wonderful that Julian is free, that he’s a free man with his family back in Australia, that he’s alive. You know, this is a victory. Stefania Morizio did a post on X where she said, the outcome of this is that we now know that you can expose the crimes of the powerful, including war crimes, really serious crimes, and live, survive.

You know, he wasn’t executed. He wasn’t assassinated. They plotted to, the CIA under Mike Pompeo, under Trump plotted to poison him or kill him in some way. They tried to kill him by keeping him in the embassy and in Belmarsh for a combined more than 12 years.

But he didn’t lose his mind. He’s still together. He’s still alive, and he certainly has health issues to address, and he needs to recover, but he is alive, and that is a wonderful thing. And we’re left with a precedent that’s been set, which is it’s a shocking thing that a journalist has been convicted of espionage under the Espionage Act, and this is the first time a journalist has been convicted.

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They’ve thought about it and tried it before. It’s an antiquated 1917 Espionage Act, more than a hundred years old. Now it’s been used for, against a journalist, and used against the world in that way, because it reduces our ability to know what’s going on, what’s being done in our name. So this is a precedent that’s really important that the campaign now moves towards pardoning it, getting a pardon for Assange and compensation as well for all the suffering that he’s endured and his family. They’ve all been terrorized. They’re all victims.

And as Nils Melzer said, this was, they use intimidation, this threat of legal action and jail time against journalists. In the case of Assange, it was to intimidate the whole world. I really agree with that.

And so I think the campaign now will move towards pardoning Assange. That again will require more awareness. The Trust Fall can be part of that. The Trust Fall was one small part of creating the pressure that resulted in Julian’s freedom. I think that his freedom came about primarily, of course there was diplomacy and legal efforts involved, and just so many different, the whole campaign was run from so many different angles and involved so many people and groups, and you could talk about that for a long time, but the main thing was the public support.

It was the public pressure because that was growing day by day. And I think the U.S. knew that they couldn’t have a journalist arrive onto U.S. shores in handcuffs leading up to the election. It wasn’t going to look good. They still got their little token one count of the indictment that Julian had to plead guilty to in order to save his own life.

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It was a life or death situation for him. He couldn’t have survived much longer in those situations, especially if they got worse in the US if he was tortured there, the torture continued, the stress continued. So, you know, it was the efforts of many, many people all around the world that created this pressure combined with the legal battle and the diplomacy. And that resulted in saving the life of someone very courageous and very heroic. And now he has an opportunity if he so chooses, when he recovers to be somewhat involved and to what extent, we won’t know, that’s up to him. It’d be fascinating to see what he does next,even if it is just to have a quiet life, write a few books and get back onto his Twitter page and have some sort of voice.

Certainly, I said in the film, wherever Julian goes, free speech goes with him. And Julian and Stella have become really the loudest voices for free speech of our times.

And, it’s wonderful to think that even if he can just resume having some sort of public discourse and some involvement in the world, his voice is going to be louder than ever. We can’t wait to hear it. And and if he does decide to go back to some sort of involvement in politics and world events, then that’ll be an exciting thing to see.

Eleanor Goldfield: Absolutely. And, lest we forget the Espionage Act, I would say to folks listening n the U. S., which is most of our audience, I feel that an important next step is just getting rid of the Espionage Act because the Espionage Act was created to go after activists. I mean, the likes of Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman were some of the first people to be in the crosshairs of the Espionage Act.

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So this was created, like a lot of legislation in the United States, to go after people who go after the Empire. So I think that’s an important next step for folks here.

Kym, thank you so much for taking the time to sit down with us. Again, folks can go to thetrustfall. org. This film will be out in the United States July 17th.

And for any of my fellow Swedes listening, we’ll be working, we’ll work on that too. Kym, thank you again so much for taking the time. Really appreciate it.

Kym Staton: My pleasure, Eleanor. Thank you so much for this coverage of the release in the US of The Trust Fall and also your support of Assange and free speech in general.

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All of your efforts in that is wonderful, what you’ve done.

Eleanor Goldfield: Thank you. Likewise.

Kym Staton: Keep up the great work. Take care.

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A Global Crackdown on Freedom of Expression

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By Robin Andersen, Nolan Higdon, and Steve Macek

According to a 2022 report by Article 19, an international organization that documents and champions freedom of expression, 80 percent of the world’s population lives with less freedom of expression today than did ten years ago. The eradication of basic freedoms and rights is partly due to the pervasive normalization of censorship. Across media platforms, news outlets, schools, universities, libraries, museums, and public and private spaces, governments, powerful corporations, and influential pressure groups are suppressing freedom of expression and censoring viewpoints deemed to be unpopular or dangerous. Unfortunately, physical assaults, legal restrictions, and retaliation against journalists, students, and faculty alike have become all too common, resulting in the suppression of dissenting voices and, more broadly, the muffling and disappearance of critical information, controversial topics, and alternative narratives from public discourse.

We collaborated with an accomplished group of international scholars and journalists to document this disturbing trend in Censorship, Digital Media and the Global Crackdown on Freedom of Expression (Peter Lang 2024). Our collective work analyzed contemporary and historical methods of censorship and anti-democratic impulses that threaten civil society, human rights, and freedoms of information and expression around the world today. The collection explains how a rising tide of political tyranny coupled with the expansion of corporate power is stifling dissent, online expression, news reporting, political debate, and academic freedom from the United States and Europe to the Global South.

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The Assault on Press Freedom

Our volume reveals an epidemic of censorship and attacks on journalists and free speech around the globe. Although completed prior to the horrifying atrocities of October 7, 2023, in Israel, the text provides context for understanding that Israeli violence against Palestinians since October 7, including the murder of journalists, has been decades in the making. This strategy initially took hold with the assassination of the veteran Al Jazeera reporter Shireen Abu Akleh, a Palestinian-American, as she documented Israel’s occupation of Jenin. The world has now witnessed the full flowering of the Israeli-state aggression against Palestinians that led to her murder. To date, Israel has killed more than 100 media workers in Gaza, raising the concern and outrage of numerous press freedom organizations and seventy UN member states that have now called for international investigations into each one of the murders. As the International Federation of Journalists reported, “Killing journalists is a war crime that undermines the most basic human rights.”

Journalists around the globe are repeatedly targeted because their profession, which is protected constitutionally in many nations, exists to draw attention to abuses of power. Thus, it is no surprise that the rise in global censorship has entailed the targeting of journalists with violence, imprisonment, and harassment. In Russia, journalists are jailed and die in custody, as they do in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, China, and Hong Kong. In Mexico, there are “silenced zones,” controlled by a deadly collaboration between drug gangs and government corruption, where journalists are routinely killed. In 2022, Mexico was the most dangerous country for journalists outside of a war zone.

The assault on press freedom has also been normalized in self-proclaimed democracies such as the United Kingdom, where WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange has been imprisoned for more than five years, and in the United States, which has targeted Assange with espionage charges simply for promoting freedom of information. Although US presidents and other national figures often refer to the United States as “the leader of the free world,” the United States now ranks 55th in the world on the Reporters without Borders 2024 World Press Freedom Index.

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Repression of Artists and Academics

News outlets and their workers are not the only targets of the current wave of repression. Hollywood has long been shaped—and censored—by government and corporate power. For example, our book includes a chapter on the Pentagon’s long-standing influence on Hollywood, which has resulted in the film industry abandoning production of hundreds of films deemed unacceptable by the military.

In addition to media, educators and academics are increasingly subject to repressive measures that muzzle freedom of information and expression. Scholars and institutions of higher education sometimes produce research that challenges the myths and propaganda perpetuated by those in power. And even when they don’t, autonomy from micromanagement by government authorities and private funders is a prerequisite for the integrity of scholarly research and teaching, which tends to make elites exceedingly nervous. This is why universities and academic freedom are increasingly under siege by autocratic regimes and right-wing activists from Hungary to Brazil and from India to Florida.

Alarmingly, the latest Academic Freedom Index found that more than 45 percent of the world’s population now lives in countries with an almost complete lack of academic freedom (more than at any time since the 1970s). In Brazil, the government of right-wing president Jair Bolsonaro attempted to ban education about gender and sexuality,  slashed budgets for the country’s universities, and threatened to defund the disciplines of philosophy and sociology. In 2018, Hungary’s conservative Fidesz government shut down graduate programs in gender studies, forced the country’s most prestigious university, the Central European University, to relocate to Austria, and sparked months of protests at the University of Theater and Film Arts in Budapest by making unpopular changes to the school’s board of trustees. Something similar happened in Turkey, where, since 2016, the ruling regime has suspended thousands of professors and administrators from their university posts for alleged ties to the outlawed Gülen movement and shut down upwards of 3,000 schools and universities. Meanwhile, in the United States, several Republican-controlled state legislatures have enacted draconian laws prohibiting or severely limiting teaching about race, sexuality, and gender in college classrooms. Under the influence of its arch-conservative governor, Ron DeSantis, Florida eliminated sociology as a core general education course at all of its public universities.

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Big Tech Censorship

Censorship is nothing new, but the pervasive influence of the internet and the development of so-called artificial intelligence (AI) have created new, more nefarious opportunities to crack down on freedoms around the globe. So-called smart platforms and tools have created new forms of Big Tech control and content moderation, such as shadowbanning and algorithmic bias. Regimes have set up a form of quid pro quo with tech companies, demanding certain concessions such as removing unfavorable content in exchange for government access to otherwise private information about tech platforms’ users. For example, in the United States, tech companies depend on large government contracts and, as a result, often work with government officials directly and indirectly to censor content. Nor do they block only false or misleading content. Social media platforms have also been found to censor perfectly valid scientific speculation about the possible origin of COVID-19 and instances of obvious political satire.

These restrictive practices are at odds with Big Tech PR campaigns that trumpet the platforms’ capacity to empower users. Despite this hype, critical examination reveals that privately controlled platforms seldom function as spaces where genuine freedom of information and intellectual exchange flourish. In reality, Big Tech works with numerous national regimes to extend existing forms of control over citizens’ behaviors and expression into the digital realm. People are not ignorant of these abuses and have taken action to promote freedom across the globe. However, they have largely been met by more censorship. For example, as social media users took to TikTok to challenge US and Israeli messaging on Gaza, the US government took steps to ban the platform. Relatedly, Israel raided Al Jazeeras office in East Jerusalem, confiscated its equipment, shuttered its office, and closed down its website.

Our book also details the complex history and structures of censorship in Myanmar, Uganda, and the Philippines, and popular resistance to this oppression. To this catalog of examples, we can add India’s periodic internet shutdowns aimed at stifling protests by farmers, the blocking of websites in Egypt, and the right-wing strongman Jair Bolsonaro’s persecution of journalists in Brazil. Each of these cases is best understood as a direct result of a rise in faux populist, right-wing authoritarian politicians and political movements, whose popularity has been fostered by reactionary responses to decades of neo-liberal rule.

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What Is to Be Done? 

Censorship is being driven not only by governments but also by an array of political and corporate actors across the ideological spectrum, from right-wing autocrats and MAGA activists to Big Tech oligarchs and self-professed liberals. Indeed, when it comes to censorship, a focus on any one country’s ideology, set of practices, or justifications for restricting expression risks missing the forest for the trees. The global community is best served when we collectively reject all attempts to suppress basic freedoms, regardless of where they emerge or how they are implemented.

To counter increasing restrictions on public discourse and the muzzling of activists, journalists, artists, and scholars, we need global agreements that protect press freedom, the right to protest, and accountability for attacks on journalists. Protection of freedom of expression and the press should be a central plank of US foreign policy. We need aggressive antitrust enforcement to break up giant media companies that today wield the power to unilaterally control what the public sees, hears, and reads. We also need to create awareness and public knowledge to help pass legislation, such as the PRESS Act, that will guarantee journalists’ right to protect their sources’ confidentiality and prevent authorities from collecting information about their activities from third parties like phone companies and internet service providers.

Moreover, widespread surveillance by social media platforms and search engines, supposedly necessary to improve efficiency and convenience, ought to be abandoned. All of us should have the right to control any non-newsworthy personal data that websites and apps have gathered about us and to ask that such data be deleted, a right that Californians will enjoy starting in 2026.

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In addition, we should all support the efforts of organizations such as the American Association of University Professors, Article 19, and many others to fight back against encroachments on academic and intellectual freedom.

Supporters of free expression should also vigilantly oppose the ideologically motivated content moderation schemes Big Tech companies so often impose on their users.

Rather than trusting Big Tech to curate our news feeds, or putting faith in laws that would attempt to criminalize misinformation, we need greater investment in media literacy education, including education about the central importance of expressive rights and vigorous, open debate to a functioning democracy. The era of the internet and AI demonstrates the urgent need for education and fundamental knowledge in critical media literacy to ensure that everyone has the necessary skills to act as digital citizens, capable of understanding and evaluating the media we consume.

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How the EU can reset foreign policy for the western Balkans

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Steven Everts makes numerous important and laudable points on the need for the EU to seriously recalibrate both its capacities and posture in foreign policy (Opinion, September 12).

It’s worth adding that in a foreign policy area on the bloc’s very borders, the EU has led the west into a dead end of failure, in which official pronouncements have never been more at variance with the on-the-ground reality.

The western Balkans is the only region in which the US consistently defers to a democratic partner’s leadership — that of the EU.

Nowhere else does the west, if united, wield greater leverage or have a wider array of policy instruments. Yet for far too long, the EU has addressed the region almost solely through its enlargement process, neglecting its foreign policy commitments — including a deterrent force in Bosnia and Herzegovina mandated by the Dayton Peace Agreement and authorised under Chapter 7 by the UN Security Council.

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This force remains well below the brigade-strength required to pose a credible deterrent to threats to the peace and territorial integrity. In addition, the EU states it will support local authorities, who have primary responsibility to maintain a secure environment — defying the reason the mandate exists to begin with: namely to thwart attempts by local authorities to upend the peace.

The desire to maintain the fiction that the Belgrade-Pristina Dialogue is still alive compels the EU into all sorts

of contortions which in effect reward Serbia, despite allegations of Serbian involvement in recent violence, and periodic (and ongoing) threats of invasion. By straying from its original declared purpose to achieve mutual recognition between Serbia and Kosovo, as well as serving as a shield for Serbia’s authoritarian president, Aleksandar Vučić, the dialogue serves as a diversion from genuine problem- solving.

Incoming EU foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas has demonstrated leadership and vision for Europe and the wider west as Estonia’s prime minister, particularly with regard to the response to Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine.

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One hopes she will undertake the overdue task of making the policies of the EU and the wider west more consistent with the values of democracy and human dignity we proclaim to hold dear. She can begin by leading the west to a restoration of credible deterrence in the Balkans, and start to counter the backsliding of democracy long visible there.

Kurt Bassuener
Co-Founder and Senior Associate, Democratization Policy Council, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

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An Amazing Site With Rich History

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man

It’s early summer in Moldova, and the cherries are already ripe. Fellow journalist Marian Männi and I pick and pop them into our mouths as we follow our chosen tour guide up a hill. We are exploring Old Orhei, a famous Moldovan landmark and archaeological site. It consists of three villages: Trebujeni to the north, Butuceni to the west and Morovaia to the east. The area is built on a green field, and the Răut River runs through it.

Following the guide’s lead, we climb a hill to find one of many cave monasteries. This one is rather hidden, so most tourists miss it entirely. 

My guide showcases a cave monastery above the Răut River, where tourists rarely find their way. Author’s photo.

A picture from the inside of the cave looking out. Author’s photo.

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The surrounding area is an unusual sight. The sloping bank of the Răut River emerges from a perfectly flat field, looking almost man-made. However, it is a natural reminder of how landscapes evolve. You can find perfect seashells on the limestone bank in a country with no coastline, much like on a sandy beach. Millions of years ago, the Răut River was part of the ancient Sarmatian Sea, just like the lands of today’s Moldova.

Scenic views of Old Orhei. One can barely see the river under the hill. Author’s photo.

My guide, Professor Sergiu Musteață, knows this site incredibly well. He is a renowned historian from Moldova and a professor at the Faculty of Philology and History at “Ion Creangă” State Pedagogical University. He has worked to educate locals about the history of Old Orhei and how to develop tourism businesses. He has also guided them in creating guesthouses and writing proposals for funding to build flushing toilets in their homes.

Old Orhei has been one of the main subjects of his research since 1996. “I know everyone in Orheiul Vechi [the Romanian version of the name]!” he laughs. He also knows all of the approximately 300 caves in the area and has personally researched many of them.

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Professor Sergiu Musteață says that people working in Moldovan tourism need to understand that the basis of it is history and heritage. Author’s photo.

A scenic journey through unknown sites

Musteață leads us along a hidden path lined with cherry trees from an old student’s base. Researchers have been excavating this area for decades, as the unique landscape reveals layers of settlements dating back to prehistoric times.

“When we come here with students, we usually clean the neighborhood and cut the grass first,” Musteață says, pushing branches away from the path. If only tourists knew about this shortcut hidden in nature.

Professor Musteață peers through a rustic gate. Author’s photo.

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“We have organized 20 years of summer camps for the locals during the excavations, including summer schools for local kids. Lots of students, both locals and internationals, participated!” he states emphatically.

Despite many efforts, only a few locals have made a name for themselves in the tourism sector. “I don’t know why. There is not so much interest. It should be the most prominent place among tourists,” Musteață comments.

Unlike other visitors, we walk past the Peștera cave monastery, the main tourist attraction of Old Orhei. The current underground tunnels date back to 1820. However, the caves in these limestone hills have existed since the 14th century. Orthodox monks found solitude and a place for spiritual retreat in this isolation.

“There is another cave monastery here. Locals know about it, but only a few tourists will visit it,” says Musteață. This is where we are heading.

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We walk past the Peștera cave monastery and head off-road to find another lesser-known monastery. Author’s photo.

We walk on the bank, passing through the Church of Ascension of St. Mary. The view of the valley and fields is breathtaking. Turning left, the professor leads us onto an almost unrecognizable road downhill from the bank. Our slippers aren’t ideal footwear for this leg of the journey, but nevertheless, we climb down the limestone bank to a land of grazing cows.

Musteață guides us onto a new path, leading down the limestone bank. Author’s photo.

After walking, we climb again to another obscure cave monastery of Old Orhei, built above the Răut’s waters. There isn’t a single soul up here now, but historically, monks isolated themselves in this cave. As a result, the monastery is covered in signs of human habitation.

The church’s facade is engraved with Slavonian writing: “This church was built by the slave of Bosie, pircalab (Chief Magistrate) of Orhei, together with his wife and his children, to cherish God, to forgive his sins.”

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The professor shows us around. We see where the monks would sleep and where they built their fireplace. All the caves are in remarkably good shape, with few signs of dripping rocks.

We view the monastery’s exterior, which has endured for centuries. Author’s photo.

This structure often goes unexplored by tourists. “It’s a bit too far and difficult to access. That’s why people don’t know much about it and wouldn’t end up here,” Musteață explains.

Musteață teaches us about the monastery. Author’s photo.

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On the whole, Old Orhei is a fascinating, history site. And its antiquity is richer than one might expect.

Mankind has loved this region since ancient times

The surroundings have been populated since the Paleolithic era due to good location — the river protects Old Orhei from three sides. The land is suitable for agriculture and flowing water is nearby.

Archaeological findings suggest that the Getians built some fortresses and settlements in this region during the 4th to 3rd centuries BCE, taking advantage of the natural fortifications provided by the rocky outcroppings and riverbanks.

In the 14th century CE, Old Orhei became part of the medieval state of Moldova (Țara Moldovei) after the collapse of the Golden Horde, a Mongol-Tatar state that controlled this territory as well.

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After the Tatar period in the 12th to 14th centuries, an Orthodox Christian community developed during medieval times. Political stability and the protective embrace of nature made Old Orhei an important center. Moldovan hero and ruler Stephen the Great, whose rule lasted from 1457 to 1504, appointed his uncle, Peter III Aaron, to rule there. The area was fortified with strong defensive walls and towers.

Life in Old Orhei slowly faded in the 17th century. The administration moved to neighboring New Orhei, and gradually, the monastic community began to disappear. The last monks are believed to have left Old Orhei at the beginning of the 19th century. By this time, many monastic communities in the region faced significant challenges due to political changes, invasions and pressures from the expanding Ottoman Empire. The decline in monastic life at Old Orhei was part of a broader trend affecting many religious sites in the region.

At the beginning of the 20th century, a new Virgin Mary Church was built atop the bank near a cave monastery to revitalize the area’s spiritual significance. It serves as a symbol of Old Orhei’s continued religious heritage, even after the original monastic community dispersed.

Though the region’s religiosity remains, Old Orhei’s authenticity, unfortunately, has recently declined.

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The loss of authenticity in a historic land

Many historical sites in Old Orhei face the problem of random preservation efforts, which are not concerned with preserving the site’s authentic look.

In 2023, the road from Butuceni village in the Cultural-Natural Reserve was asphalted, which led to an investigation by the Ministry of Culture. It ruined the village’s authenticity but gave locals more logistical freedom.

Climbing on the bank, we notice a brand-new red-roofed dwelling that, from a logical viewpoint, should not have been built in the reserve. But there it is, like the newly constructed path to the Peștera cave monastery and the asphalted road in Butuceni village.

This modern tampering is one thing preventing Moldova from having its first United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Site.

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“There is too much industrialization in a place where authenticity is worshiped,” Musteață laments. The Old Orhei Reserve has been on the UNESCO tentative list for years but is not moving forward any time soon. “I don’t think there is much hope at the moment,” Musteață admits honestly.

The situation saddens him. He and other researchers have worked for years to put this site on the world map as a part of humanity’s historical cradle, to no avail.

“The landscape and the density of settlements since prehistory is special. You can see the changes in this part of the world, moving from East to West. The Golden Horde, the Islamic period, Christians — there is a huge variety of artifacts describing how people lived in this area,” Musteață explains.

Life has moved on from this relic. The Orthodox Church still holds significant power in the small country of Moldova, but only traces of the glory the church once had in Old Orhei remain. In the 1940s, the Soviet Union started excavations in the region, which also disrupted the old sites; they built a new road through the Golden Horde citadel and cut it in half.

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“A historic road should go around the citadel. It’s completely doable,” Musteață says.

The professor feels that many of Moldova’s stories remain untold, even that of such a landmark as Old Orhei. “It is frustrating. We need to tell our story!” Musteață suggests.

He thinks the country itself should put Orhei at the top of the list of tourist destinations in Moldova. After all, it’s the most important tourist site in the country. “It should be declared a state priority, a national strategy,” he says. “People working in this field in Moldova need to understand that the basis of tourism is history and heritage.”

That is another reason why Moldova’s Old Orhei is not on the UNESCO list. “Our country overall is underrepresented,” Musteață believes.

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According to UNESCO, the organization is not in a position to comment on what is missing for Old Orhei to receive its World Heritage Site title. Moldova first proposed the area as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2008 but withdrew its nomination the following year.

In September 2015, Moldova submitted a new version of the nomination dossier as “Orheiul Vechi Archaeological Landscape,” a cultural site. Following the evaluation process and a recommendation by the International Council on Monuments and Sites, Moldova withdrew the nomination again.

Luckily, Moldova appears on the UNESCO list as part of a group of countries with the Struve Geodetic Arc, a chain of survey triangulations spanning ten countries and over 2,820 kilometers. This chain reaches from the world’s northernmost city — Hammerfest, Norway — to the Black Sea. The listed site includes 34 points across all ten countries, one of which is in Moldova. The country is eager to earn its very own World Heritage Site title, even if it isn’t Old Orhei.

[Lee Thompson-Kolar edited this piece.]

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The views expressed in this article are the author’s own and do not necessarily reflect Fair Observer’s editorial policy.

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Illegal settlements have been encouraged for years

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Neri Zilber’s piece “Far-right minister accused of politicising Israeli police” (Report, September 17) eloquently describes the crisis in the West Bank. Israel’s current government and its unsavoury allies in the settler movement stand accused, but in truth every government since 1967 has favoured illegal settlement.

The first settlements — the so-called Nahal settlements — in September 1967 were supposedly military and so did not, Israel argued, contravene international law. The west did nothing, so Israel then went ahead with brazen colonisation. When the first Oslo Accord was signed in 1993, there were in the order of 110,000 settlers in the West Bank.

A central principle of Oslo was that neither party would takes steps that would prejudice final status talks five years later. But Israel’s so-called moderate leaders, Yitzhak Rabin and Shimon Peres, immediately inaugurated the most intensive phase of settlement to date. By January 1996 settlers numbered 140,000. Rabin told his electorate not to worry — the Palestinians would not get a state. Meanwhile, Rabin and Peres accepted the Nobel Peace Prize. Butter wouldn’t melt in their mouths. The west did nothing. The Palestinians knew they had been stitched up.

So we should be under no illusions. This isn’t simply Benjamin Netanyahu and his associates, it is the long-standing thrust of the majority of Israelis across the political spectrum. Western governments have known this all along and even now appear unwilling to ensure respect for international humanitarian law as they have undertaken to do.

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The UN General Assembly is likely to agree that the July 19 advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice, which spells out Israel’s lawbreaking in detail, must be applied.

If it isn’t, in the Middle East the killing will continue while in New York the UN may face an impasse given the unwillingness of the US and its allies to uphold the international order they themselves helped put in place.

David McDowall
London TW10, UK

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The History of the Kaffiyeh

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The History of the Kaffiyeh

Once used for sun protection from the blistering sun in Southwest Asia and North Africa, the kaffiyeh’s function, and symbolism, has undeniably transformed over time. It’s been spotted on high-fashion Palestinian supermodel Bella Hadid, on the necks of students at college encampments, and covering the faces of activists at pro-Palestinian marches. It’s been sold on the shelves of Urban Outfitters and Louis Vuitton, and subject to bans by the Australian state of Victoria, which barred legislators from wearing the scarf in parliament because of its “political” nature.

And in recent decades it has become widely recognized as a symbol of Palestinian nationalism and resistance. The link far predates the Israel-Hamas War, which has taken the lives of more than 40,000 Palestinians since Oct. 7, when 200 Israelis were taken hostage and more than 1,000 were killed on the night. Just last week, the Noguchi Museum in New York City fired three employees for wearing it to work, banning clothing associated with “political messages, slogans or symbols.”

For Palestinians, the symbolism of the kaffiyeh can also be deeply personal. “I embroidered my kaffiyeh with tatriz, which is the word for embroidery in Arabic, to express my connection to my homeland, not just as a symbol of resistance to what is happening today in the Israeli occupation, but as an expression of myself,” says Wafa Ghnaim, a Palestinian dress historian and researcher.

What is the kaffiyeh?

The kaffiyeh is a square-shaped hand-woven checkered scarf with a wavy motif around the border– representing olive leaves—and oftentimes tassels along opposite sides. (Olive trees, which have been growing in Gaza and the West Bank for centuries, are a pivotal part of both Palestinian culture and the local economy.)

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Though historically an Arab male headdress, today the kaffiyeh is worn by people of all races and genders across Southwest Asia, Northern Africa and beyond. “There used to be many different patterns, sometimes different colors and designs. But the idea was having a scarf that was useful within a hotter climate,” says Haitham Kuraishi, a tour guide at the Museum of the Palestinian People.  

The black-and-white kaffiyeh is the one most commonly worn by Palestinians and those who wear the scarf in solidarity with the people living under tumult in the Gaza Strip. But other predominant colors of the kaffiyeh are popular in other territories. The red kaffiyeh, for instance, is more popular in Jordan, suggests Kuraishi. 

A clothing item that dates back centuries 

Kaffiyehs were first worn by Sumerians, part of an ancient civilization dating back to 4500 BCE, in what was then-known as Mesopotamia, according to Kuraishi. The scarf then took off among Bedouins, indigenous people in the desert regions of the Arabian Peninsula, partly due to its practical uses. “If you were trudging through the desert, you could also use that scarf to cover your mouth from a dust storm, or a sandstorm, and [it was] also a way of just having shade,” says Kuraishi. Until the early 20th century, kaffiyehs were primarily worn by Bedouins, to distinguish nomadic men from the villagers and townsmen, according to Ghnaim. 

That changed after World War I when the League of Nations issued the British Mandate for Palestine, which was drawn up in 1920 and granted Britain responsibility for the territory that then comprised Palestine. That mandate also called for the establishment of a “national home for the Jewish people,” according to the document. The resulting tumult broiled into the Arab Revolt of 1936-1939, which marked the first “sustained violent uprising of Palestinian Arabs in more than a century,” in a call for Palestinian sovereignty and independence, says Kuraishi. 

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“Palestinian men put on the kaffiyah, and not just on their head, around their neck, as almost a uniform,” adds Ghnaim. The kaffiyeh thus became a symbol of solidarity uniting working class Palestinians with the upper-class, who would typically also wear a fez.

Other prominent figures also popularized the scarf in the years to follow. Former President of the Palestinian Authority Yasser Arafat, who once graced the cover of TIME magazine with the kaffiyeh in 1968, was well-known for wearing the scarf on his head in a triangular shape that mimicked the shape of Palestine, Ghnaim says. In the 1960s, Leila Khaled, a “freedom fighter” and leader of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine—which the U.S. designated a terrorist group—also wore the kaffiyeh. “That move of wearing [the kaffiyeh] on her head as a woman, like a hijab, garnered a lot of attention [and] widespread popularity around the world, but also in the Palestinian community [and] diaspora,” adds Ghnaim.

Recent adoption

The scarf has resurged in the fashion world several times in recent decades. In 1988, the same year that the Palestine National Council announced the establishment of the State of Palestine following a staged uprising against Israel, TIME wrote about the scarves’ adoption by the American public. Then, TIME reporter Jay Cocks argued that the kaffiyeh, once a “garment of choice among the political protesters and antimissile advocates of the ‘70s and early ‘80s” had become “politically neutral.” 

That connotation doesn’t remain true today. In 2007, the New York Times reported that kaffiyehs were marketed as “antiwar” scarves by Urban Outfitters, though they were later pulled from stores “due to the sensitive nature of this item.”

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Today, many Palestinians recognize that while the checkered scarf is a symbol of resistance, it’s still undeniably tied with their own cultural heritage. 

“While other Arabic-speaking nations might have a similar pattern or design, [the kaffiyeh] doesn’t have that added meaning of resistance against occupation and invasion that it does amongst Palestinians,” says Kuraishi. “Palestinians will wear it for weddings or graduations, not just protests—so good times and bad.”

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TBIJ, Open Democracy and Bristol Cable join press regulator Impress

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TBIJ, Open Democracy and Bristol Cable join press regulator Impress

Three well-known online publishers – The Bureau of Investigative Journalism, Open Democracy and The Bristol Cable – have signed up to independent press regulator Impress.

They join more than 200 other – mostly small, online and either local or specialist – member publications to Impress, which is the Royal Charter-recognised press regulator.

Rival regulator the Independent Press Standards Organisation represents most newspaper and magazine publishers in the UK including all the nationals except for The Guardian, The Observer, Financial Times and The Independent which are not signed up to any regulator.

Of the new arrivals, Impress chief executive Lexie Kirkconnell-Kawana said: “As Impress reaches the end of its first decade, it is incredibly heartening to see these prestigious platforms eager to join the membership.

“With plummeting trust in journalism and increased threats to freedom of speech, the importance of Impress and the protection we offer public interest journalism has never been more apparent.

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“So I welcome TBIJ, Open Democracy and The Bristol Cable and applaud them for their leadership in adopting truly independent self-regulation and hope others will follow.”

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It means the three publishers will adhere to the Standards Code set by Impress and they get access to advice from experts and alternative dispute resolution services, which Impress said could help them against legal intimidation from people trying to stop stories getting out.

TBIJ chief executive and editor-in-chief Rozina Breen told Press Gazette earlier this year that the non-profit publisher has been forced to spend an increasing amount on fighting legal threats. Breen has repeatedly been part of calls for legislation to crack down on the use of gratuitous lawsuits designed only to silence public interest journalism.

TBIJ recently celebrated a victory after a two-year libel battle was dropped against it. Open Democracy, also a non-profit publisher, settled a similar claim.

Open Democracy editor-in-chief Aman Sethi said: “Open Democracy’s journalists around the world pride themselves on adhering to the highest standards of ethical journalism.

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“Joining Impress is part of this commitment to reporting with honesty, accountability and rigour.”

The Bristol Cable’s strategic lead, Eliz Mizon, said: “Our decision to be regulated by Impress is not only beneficial to the Cable itself, due to the support available for us in the event of bad actors seeking to derail our work.

“It’s also beneficial for our readers, members and those who appear in our reporting, who can better understand the ways our work conforms to codes of conduct, and how to seek redress if they feel it necessary.”

The Bristol Cable is member-owned and last month hit a major target to boost its membership revenue by 50% in a year – a campaign for which it was just highly commended at Press Gazette’s Future of Media Awards.

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Impress chair Richard Ayre described the three publishers as “three of the most innovative publishers this country has to offer”.

“By providing serious, enquiring, groundbreaking news to local, national and international audiences, these are tomorrow’s media. By joining Impress they’ve made a public commitment to integrity: confident journalists happy to be publicly accountable for their conduct as well as their content.”

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