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Lost biblical plant with medicinal properties resurrected from 1,000-year-old seed

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Lost biblical plant with medicinal properties resurrected from 1,000-year-old seed

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Botanists have grown a long-lost tree species from a 1,000-year-old seed found in a cave in the Judean Desert in the 1980s.

The researchers involved in the project say they believe the tree species, which is thought to be extinct today, could have been the source of a healing balm mentioned in the Bible and other ancient texts.

Unearthed during an archaeological dig in the lower Wadi el-Makkuk region north of Jerusalem, the ancient seed was determined to be in pristine condition. But the scientists conducting the new research weren’t able to identify the type of tree from the seed alone. The team, led by Dr. Sarah Sallon, a physician who founded the Louis L. Borick Natural Medicine Research Center at Hadassah University Medical Center in Jerusalem, planted the seed to further investigate more than a dozen years ago.

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Sallon said it was possible that the tree could be the source of the biblical “tsori,” a medicinal plant extract associated with the historical region of Gilead north of the Dead Sea in the Jordan Rift Valley, a mountainous and forested area that was intensely cultivated and is now part of Jordan.

The team’s findings, described in a study published September 10 in the journal Communications Biology, unlock some of the secrets surrounding the origins of this enigmatic specimen, which Sallon nicknamed “Sheba.”

The study team measured the seed prior to planting in 2010. At that point, it wasn't clear how old it was. - Guy Eisner

The study team measured the seed prior to planting in 2010. At that point, it wasn’t clear how old it was. – Guy Eisner

Genetic fingerprint without a match

To germinate the specimen, study coauthor Dr. Elaine Solowey, a researcher emerita at the Center for Sustainable Agriculture at The Arava Institute for Environmental Studies in Israel, used a process perfected during previous research led by Sallon on 2,000-year-old date palm seeds. The approach involved soaking the mysterious Judean Desert seed in water mixed with hormones and fertilizer before planting it in a pot of sterile soil.

“About five and a half weeks later, up jumps this nice little shoot,” Sallon said.
Protecting the shoot tip was a caplike feature called an operculum. Once it had shed, the team used radiocarbon dating on the organic matter to estimate the plant’s age and found the specimen dated to between AD 993 and 1202.

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Not long after, the tree began to sprout leaves. Sallon shared images of the tree and its leaves with botanists around the world. One expert suggested it belonged to the genus Commiphora. The group includes around 200 species of tree primarily found in Africa, Madagascar and the Arabian Peninsula.

Sallon next shared a sample from the leaf with study coauthor Dr. Andrea Weeks, an associate professor in the department of biology at George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. Weeks sequenced the tree’s DNA, confirming the preliminary identification. However, the sample didn’t match any of the known Commiphora species in her database.

With its unique genetic fingerprint, the unknown Commiphora species most likely represented an extinct taxon once native to the region surrounding the Judean Desert, according to the study.

However, the tree, which is now more than 14 years old and almost 10 feet (3 meters) tall, has neither flowered nor borne fruit. Without these more easily identifiable features, it’s not possible to identify the cryptic species with certainty, the study added.

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The tree, which the study authors believe may have a biblical connection, is seen at 12 years old. - Guy Eisner

The tree, which the study authors believe may have a biblical connection, is seen at 12 years old. – Guy Eisner

Biblical tree?

Based on historical research, Sallon had a hunch that the tree might be the source of what ancient texts from the region, including the Bible, describe as “Judean Balsam” or “Balm of Gilead” — a fragrant resin harvested to make a coveted perfume that was exported around the world at the time.

“We planted it in 2010 (and) it’s now 2024. Why did we wait so long (to publish the research)? Because I wanted to make sure that it wasn’t the Judean Balsam. And how would I definitively know that? By smelling it,” Sallon said.

Yet the tree, which is related to the myrrh tree that’s famed for its resin, never gave off any kind of scent. Once the plant was more mature at around 3 years old, the team conducted a phytochemical analysis on its resin, leaves and branches to test for aromatic compounds, such as those found in myrrh. However, there were none, Sallon said.

Instead, the team detected some compounds known for their medicinal use, including “guggulterols,” which have been identified from the resin of the related tree species Commiphora wightii as having potential cancer-fighting properties, the study noted.

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“Based on all these things, it’s not the Judean balsam, it’s a close cousin of it, and one of the non-aromatic Commiphora that is a treasure chest of medicinal compounds,” she said.

Due to the presence of those healing compounds, Sallon and her colleagues concluded that the tree may have instead been the source of a medicinal balm known as tsori that is also mentioned in historical texts.

Seeds with such an incredible lifespan are rare, according to Dr. Louise Colville, senior research leader in seed and stress biology at Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in London. Colville wasn’t involved in the research.

“What’s surprising in this story is it was just a single seed and to be able to have one chance for that to germinate is extremely lucky,” she said.

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“Working in a seed bank, seeing the potential for that extreme longevity gives us hope that banking and storing seeds that some at least will survive for very long periods of time.”

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We’ve visited 500 Wetherspoons & there’s one item on the menu we ALWAYS buy… it’s great value

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We've visited 500 Wetherspoons & there's one item on the menu we ALWAYS buy… it's great value

A WETHERSPOONS-obsessed couple has visited 500 Wetherspoons and they always buy the same dish.

Phil, 77, and Julie Fox, 74, challenged themselves over 15 years ago to sample all 809 of the pubs in the UK.

Julie and her husband Phil have explored 500 different Wetherspoons across the UK

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Julie and her husband Phil have explored 500 different Wetherspoons across the UKCredit: SWNS
The couple set themselves a goal 15 years ago

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The couple set themselves a goal 15 years agoCredit: SWNS

They reached a huge milestone with their 500th boozer – The William Adams in Gorleston-on-Sea, Norfolk.

But Phil admitted it may be “impossible” for them to complete the challenge because they would have to visit the six boozers that are located in airport departure lounges.

They always get the halloumi wraps as they are their favourite.

Phil, a former newspaper production worker, said: “We nearly called it quits when we reached 500 but that wouldn’t have lasted long.

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“It’s impossible to do it though because we would have to book holidays abroad, because there’s two at Birmingham Airport.

“So it’s a bit of a trek to go to Birmingham, just to fly to Spain for Wetherspoons.

“But we wrote ‘500’ on a piece of cardboard to prove to our family that we’ve actually done it.”

Grandfather-of-seven Phil originally came up with the idea in 2007, while drinking in his local ale house and said it has been a great way to see other parts of England.

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But the pair originally set out to visit just 100 of the pubs, which are nicknamed “spoons.”

Phil, of Halifax, West Yorks., said: “We ran out of conversation and we were staring at each other, so I asked her how many spoons we had been to.

Inside swanky new £3.5MILLION Wetherspoons pub in town ‘too posh to handle it’… but locals warn punters ‘better behave’

“I worked out we had been in maybe 70, so we decided to do 100.

“We then went for 200 and it’s carried on – it’s become a part-time hobby.”

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Julie and Phil will plan trips to different parts of the UK so they can visit the pubs and will sometimes stay in a Wetherspoons Hotel.

Phil said: “We’ve stayed in the hotels, the ones we’ve stayed in are all quite nice.

“But we will often stay in a Travelodge or a Premiere Inn because of the costs, they are always cheap.

“We did London last year, so we went to eight pubs that all have the word moon in the title, so that was a nice holiday.”

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The pair, who have five children between them, say their favourite pub is The Stamford Post in Stamford, Lincs.

He said: “We used to love the one in Keswick but we’ve got a new favourite.

“It’s called the The Stamford Post – we’ve been there a few times and even visited a few days ago.

“It’s an old newspaper office but it’s really, really nice inside – they modernised it and everything.”

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Julie, a retired retail worker, and Phil both try and have something different every time they visit the boozers.

Phil prefers a IPA beer while Julie often goes for a lager such as San Miguel or Cruzcampo – but both of them love the halloumi wrap.

He said: “There is a good selection of beers, I’ve drifted towards the IPAs and they always have them.

“You go into a lot of modern pubs and they just have lagers, but Wetherspoons come at a good price as well.

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“The food is good and my wife likes a beer, but she likes San Miguel and Cruzcampo.

“They are always introducing new things onto the menu, they are introducing a load of Korean things now, like crunchy chicken with coconut rice.

“We try all the food – we love the halloumi wraps and they are a good price.”

The William Adams in Gorleston-on-Sea, Norfolk, was their 500th Wetherspoons

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The William Adams in Gorleston-on-Sea, Norfolk, was their 500th WetherspoonsCredit: SWNS
FILE PHOTO – Wetherspoons mad couple Phil Fox and his wife Julie at the Moon Under Water Wetherspoon in Boston. Photo released October 3 2024. A pair of Wetherspoons’ fans who are determined to visit every one of the boozers in the UK have had a pint at their 500th one.Dedicated Phil, 77, and Julie […]

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FILE PHOTO – Wetherspoons mad couple Phil Fox and his wife Julie at the Moon Under Water Wetherspoon in Boston. Photo released October 3 2024. A pair of Wetherspoons’ fans who are determined to visit every one of the boozers in the UK have had a pint at their 500th one.Dedicated Phil, 77, and Julie […]Credit: SWNS

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GB News asks High Court to block Ofcom sanctions

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GB News asks High Court to block Ofcom sanctions

GB News has asked a High Court judge to temporarily block Ofcom from sanctioning it for what the regulator says would be the channel’s twelfth breach of its code in less than two years.

The channel is seeking to challenge Ofcom’s provisional decision that a Q&A with then-prime minister Rishi Sunak, which aired on 12 February, was a “serious” breach of its rules, and that attempts to adhere to them were “wholly insufficient”.

In a hearing on Thursday, lawyers for the broadcaster said that the regulator had acted unlawfully by finding that the breach was “serious and repeated”, and asked a judge to pause Ofcom’s “sanctions process”, pending it getting the green light to challenge the watchdog’s decision.

Mr Justice Chamberlain will rule on whether GB News can challenge the decision, and whether Ofcom should be blocked from handing down its sanction in the meantime.

Tom Hickman KC, for the channel, said: “We say that by launching an investigation within three days, Ofcom failed to provide GB News a reasonable and fair opportunity to comply with [Ofcom’s rules].”

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He continued: “It is well arguable that there is nothing that suggests Ofcom had any due regard to the impact of commencing an investigation or fully appreciated that it was possible at all for GB News to comply with [the rules].”

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The programme at the centre of the case, titled People’s Forum: The Prime Minister, saw Sunak answer questions from a studio audience and a presenter.

Hickman said in written submissions that the presenter “made clear” that it was the channel’s intention to hold a similar interview with the Labour leader, Sir Keir Starmer, but this did not take place.

Three days after the show aired, Ofcom told GB News that it was investigating the programme over a possible breach of its rules. It then publicised the investigation on 19 February.

In a statement on its website on 20 May, Ofcom said that it believed the programme “broke broadcasting due impartiality rules” and that it was “starting the process for consideration of a statutory sanction” against GB News.

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The regulator said it received 547 complaints about the hour-long programme and that it found that the programme had not “challenged [Sunak] or otherwise referred to significant alternative views”, and that GB News should have “taken additional steps” to ensure impartiality.

Ofcom can apply a range of sanctions to broadcasters that breach its code, including fines, directions not to repeat content or to broadcast a correction, and suspending licences.

The sanction for the GB News breach has not yet been published, but Ofcom provided a “preliminary view” to the channel in June this year.

Hickman said in written submissions that Ofcom pledged last month not to publish the sanction before Thursday’s hearing and that publishing it would cause “irreparable damage” to the channel’s reputation.

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But Anya Proops KC, for Ofcom, said in written submissions that the breach was the channel’s twelfth since March last year and that it was “not arguable” that it had “erred in law” through its decision.

She continued that the bid to stop Ofcom from publishing the sanction was based on an “inevitably speculative presumption” of what the sanction would be, and that claims the channel would suffer reputational harm “do not withstand scrutiny”.

She said: “Enabling a broadcaster to pause Ofcom’s enforcement actions by challenging the underlying breach decision would have a seriously detrimental impact on Ofcom’s ability to discharge its statutory functions, and by extension on the weighty public interests served by the discharge of those functions.

“Even if publication of a sanction decision would cause some measure of harm to GB News, that harm is inevitably outweighed by the powerful countervailing public interest in ensuring the effective and timely regulation of broadcasters by Ofcom, and, relatedly, the maintenance of public confidence in such regulation.”

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Mr Justice Chamberlain said he will hand down his judgment at 12pm on Friday.

Email pged@pressgazette.co.uk to point out mistakes, provide story tips or send in a letter for publication on our “Letters Page” blog

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MPs to get free vote on UK assisted dying bill

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MPs are to be granted a free vote on legalising assisted dying in the UK by the end of the year, after a bill to give terminally ill people “choice at the end of life” is presented to parliament.

Labour MP Kim Leadbeater announced on Thursday that she will table a private members’ bill later this month setting out proposals to grant eligible adults nearing the end of life the right to control their deaths.

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UK Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer has previously promised to provide time for a vote on the issue “by way of a private members’ bill”. As the first MP selected in a ballot to table such legislation, Leadbeater is guaranteed an opportunity to present her proposals for debate in the Commons.

Starmer, who has said he is “personally in favour of changing the law” on assisted dying, has committed to giving MPs a free vote on the issue, meaning they are not whipped by their party to vote a particular way.

In 2015, the House of Commons rejected a bill on assisted dying — which the NHS defines as “deliberately assisting a person to kill themselves” — when a bill was debated.

Assisted dying is currently illegal in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and carries a maximum prison sentence of 14 years.

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Across the UK, there is growing momentum behind attempts to change the law, with politicians in Scotland considering the introduction of legislation to allow assisted dying. Politicians on the Isle of Man and Jersey have both noted in favour of reforming the law.

Leadbeater’s bill will be formally introduced in the Commons on October 16 with a debate and vote on the legislation expected later this year.

“I believe that with the right safeguards and protections in place, people who are already dying and are mentally competent to make a decision should be given the choice of a shorter, less painful death”, the MP for Spen Valley said on Thursday.

She added that she would consult “widely” on the details of the legislation, noting the bill would “not put pressure on anybody to agree to an assisted death against their will”.

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Leadbeater said the bill would “not undermine calls for improvements to palliative care nor conflict with the rights of people with disabilities to be treated equally”, and have the respect and support they are right to campaign for.

But some disability rights campaigners and medical figures remain opposed to attempts to change the law on assisted dying, saying those who live with terminal illnesses may feel pressured to end their life for fear of becoming a burden.

Gordon Macdonald, chief executive of campaign group Care Not Killing, said: “I would strongly urge the government to focus on fixing our broken palliative care system that sees up to one in four Brits who would benefit from this type of care being unable to access it, rather than discussing again this dangerous and ideological policy.”

If the law is changed, England would join European countries including Switzerland, the Netherlands and Belgium, as well as several US states, Canada, Australia and New Zealand in giving terminally ill people the choice to control how they die.

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According to an Opinium poll published in March, on behalf of the campaign group Dignity in Dying, 75 per cent of people living in the UK support assisted dying.

Sarah Wootton, chief executive of Dignity in Dying, said: “This is a historic opportunity to bring about real change for dying people; one that commands vast public support and one that MPs must grip urgently.”

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Morrisons shoppers rush to buy outdoor essential that’s perfect for autumn nights reduced from £84 to just £10

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Morrisons shoppers rush to buy outdoor essential that's perfect for autumn nights reduced from £84 to just £10

SAVVY shoppers have rushed to Morrisons to grab an autumn must-have reduced from £84 to £10.

The essential item is perfect for the outdoors as the weather starts to cool down.

A standing electric heat has been reduced from £84 to just £10 at Morrisons

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A standing electric heat has been reduced from £84 to just £10 at MorrisonsCredit: Facebook / Extreme Couponing and Bargains UK group
Shoppers are flocking to their local Morrisons to pick up the bargain buy

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Shoppers are flocking to their local Morrisons to pick up the bargain buyCredit: Facebook / Extreme Couponing and Bargains UK group

A bargain hunter posted the highly discounted outdoor standing heating lamp on the Extreme Coupoining and Bargains UK Facebook page.

The outdoor warming lamp normally retails for £84, but was reduced to a staggering low £10.

The original savvy shopper said: “Run to Morrisons“.

Fans of the product flocked to the Facebook comments expressing their need for the bargain buy.

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One person said: “We could do with 1 of these out front with the kids.”

Another added: “Get running.”

A third said: “This would be good for the Halloween party hahaha.”

Meanwhile, Morrisons is holding a festive sale on chocolate tub faves.

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Morrisons has introduced a two for £8 deal on Quality Street (600g), Celebrations (550g), Cadbury Heroes (550g) and Cadbury Roses (550g) tubs.

The offer is available in-store and online for one week only from October 2 – 8 for customers with a Morrisons More Card.

However do bear in mind that when prices are reduced by this much it’s usually in order for stores to clear excess stock, so availability will vary from store to store.

It’s always best to phone ahead to your local shop to check what they have available to avoid disappointment.

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You can find your nearest Morrisons store using the locator tool on the website.

It always pays to compare prices so you know you’re getting the best deal.

It’s always a good idea to shop around to make sure you can find the best deals.

There are plenty of comparison websites out there that’ll check prices for you – so don’t be left paying more than you have to.

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Most of them work by comparing the prices across hundreds of retailers.

Google Shopping is a tool that lets users search for and compare prices for products across the web. Simply type in keywords, or a product number, to bring up search results.

Price Spy logs the history of how much something costs from over 3,000 different retailers, including Argos, Amazon, eBay and supermarkets.

Once you select an individual product you can quickly compare which stores have the best price and which have it in stock.

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Other ways to save money when you shop

Cashback sites have amazing freebies for new customers, such as a takeaway from Just Eat or a Benefit beauty product.

Free gifts can change regularly so do check online to see what is being offered before you sign up.

Look for cashback on everything

You can claim on things such as MOTs, insurance, train tickets and holidays.

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It is worth looking around and what companies offer cashback schemes as you could be earning hundreds.

TopCashback reckons its average user makes £345 a year.

Save money at the supermarket

It’s a good idea to download apps Shopmium, Check-outSmart, Quidco ClickSnap, GreenJinn and TopCashback’s Snap and Save.

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Check out what is available, pick it up in-store and upload a photo of the receipt to get your cashback.

Combine cashback offers with promotions

Double savings and maximise cashback by matching third-party offers from cashback sites with in-store and online promotions.

You can’t always use discount codes with cashback, but you can take advantage of sales and offers such as free gifts.

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How to bag a bargain

SUN Savers Editor Lana Clements explains how to find a cut-price item and bag a bargain…

Sign up to loyalty schemes of the brands that you regularly shop with.

Big names regularly offer discounts or special lower prices for members, among other perks.

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Sales are when you can pick up a real steal.

Retailers usually have periodic promotions that tie into payday at the end of the month or Bank Holiday weekends, so keep a lookout and shop when these deals are on.

Sign up to mailing lists and you’ll also be first to know of special offers. It can be worth following retailers on social media too.

When buying online, always do a search for money off codes or vouchers that you can use vouchercodes.co.uk and myvouchercodes.co.uk are just two sites that round up promotions by retailer.

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Scanner apps are useful to have on your phone. Trolley.co.uk app has a scanner that you can use to compare prices on branded items when out shopping.

Bargain hunters can also use B&M’s scanner in the app to find discounts in-store before staff have marked them out.

And always check if you can get cashback before paying which in effect means you’ll get some of your money back or a discount on the item.

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Cornell is about to deport a student over Palestine activism

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Cornell is about to deport a student over Palestine activism

The student encampment movement last school year turned institutions of higher education into flashpoints of struggle over Israel’s ethnic cleansing of Palestinians, US support for it, and the right to speak out against it. This year, college and university campuses have become laboratories of repression where different administrative efforts to silence Palestine solidarity and antiwar demonstrators are being deployed. And that is playing out right now at Cornell University.

As Aaron Fernando writes at The Nation, “Cornell University, in Ithaca, New York, has taken disciplinary action against an international student that will likely force him to leave the country, and could have a chilling effect on other international students participating in political protests.

Momodou Taal is a PhD candidate in Africana studies and a graduate student worker, attending Cornell under the F-1 visa program. In the last academic year, Taal joined student-led actions demanding that Cornell divest from industries complicit in Israel’s attacks on civilians in Gaza.”

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The Cornell grad worker union, Cornell Graduate Students United-UE, released a statement condemning the university’s disciplinary actions against Taal, and is demanding the administration bargain with the union “over the effects of the discipline administered to Taal.” “CGSU-UE condemns Taal’s suspension, which represents a disturbing pattern of discriminatory discipline against marginalized graduate workers. The union is still fighting for just cause protections in discipline and discharge, due process for academic evaluations, strong academic freedom, and nondiscrimination protections inclusive of political affiliation and action, religious practice, and caste.” In this urgent episode, Max speaks about Cornell’s actions against Taal with two members of the CGSU-UE bargaining committee: Jenna Marvin, a third-year PhD student in the History of Art & Visual Studies at Cornell; and Jawuanna McAllister, a sixth-year PhD candidate in Molecular Biology and Genetics at Cornell.

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Studio Production: Max Alvarez
Post-Production: Jules Taylor


Transcript

The following is a rushed transcript and may contain errors. A proofread version will be made available as soon as possible.

Jawuanna McAllister:

Hi, my name’s Jawuanna. I’m a sixth year PhD candidate in molecular biology and genetics at Cornell. So I do a lot of stuff with cancer cells and I’m also a member of the C-G-S-U-U-E bargaining committee.

Jenna Marvin:

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Hi, my name is Jenna Marvin. I am a third year PhD student in the department of the History of Art at Cornell University. I actually work on the history of American photography and like Joanna, I’m also a member of CGS U E’s bargaining committee.

Maximillian Alvarez:

All right, welcome everyone to another episode of Working People, a podcast about the lives, jobs, dreams, and struggles of the working class today. Brought to you in partnership within in these Times magazine and the Real News Network produced by Jules Taylor and made possible by the support of listeners like You Working People is a proud member of the Labor Radio Podcast network. If you’re hungry for more worker and labor focus shows like ours, follow the link in the show notes and go check out the other great shows in our network and please support the work that we’re doing here at Working People because we can’t keep going without you. Share our episodes with your coworkers, your friends and family members. Leave positive reviews of the show on Spotify and Apple Podcasts and reach out to us if you have recommendations for folks you’d like us to talk to or subjects you’d like us to investigate and please support the work that we do at The Real News by going to the real news.com/donate, especially if you want to see more reporting from the front lines of struggle around the US and across the world.

My name is Maximillian Alvarez and we’ve got an urgent episode for y’all today. We are recording this on Tuesday, October 1st, and so I just want to say up top that circumstances may change by the time you hear this, but we are going to do our best to turn this episode around and get it published as soon as we can after we finish this recording. But today on Tuesday, October 1st, as we prepare to commemorate a year of Israel’s genocide of Palestinians in Gaza in the West Bank as Israel with the United States is full backing, drags the Middle East into an all-out war. The war here at home is ramping up on working people and people of conscience everywhere who are speaking out and taking action to try to stop the slaughter, or at least to pressure those in power to do so. Just as the student encampment movement last school year turned institutions of higher education into a flashpoint of struggle over Israel’s ethnic cleansing of Palestinians, US support for it and the right to speak out against it, college and university campuses this year are at the bleeding edge of institutional efforts to silence and repress Gaza solidarity and anti-war demonstrators.

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And that is playing out right now as we speak at Cornell University. As Aaron Fernando writes at the nation, and I’m going to quote this piece at length, quote, Cornell University in Ithaca, New York has taken disciplinary action against an international student that will likely force him to leave the country and could have a chilling effect on other international students participating in political protests. Mama Dal is a PhD candidate in Africana studies and a graduate student worker attending Cornell under the F1 Visa program. In the last academic year, Taal joins student-led actions demanding that Cornell divest from industries complicit in Israel’s attacks on civilians in Gaza. Cornell student activists were not alone in launching public demonstrations across their college encampments took hold across the country. In response, some universities called in police to clear, often forcefully pro-Palestinian student protestors. But Cornell took a different approach during a year when it ostensibly prioritized free expression.

The university created a new policy to crack down on these types of protest first issued on January 24th, 2024. The interim expressive activities, policy limits when amplified sound can be used, delineates which objects are prohibited at collective campus actions like candles and sticks and subjects, some protestors to increased disciplinary action. By the end of the spring semester, six Cornell students including TAL face suspension for their pro-Palestinian activities. I’m trying to fight this to at least have an investigation and due process said tal, I’m not asking for anything special. I’m asking for Cornell to follow their own procedure. The Cornell Graduate Student Union, which is attempting to help Tall said no investigation was conducted before the discipline of temporary suspension was issued to Mama de. The Union issued a press release on Tuesday explaining that it is demanding to bargain with Cornell over the effects of the suspension.

The union said last spring. Cornell University signed a memorandum of agreement or MOA with C-G-S-U-E or Cornell graduate students United ue that gives the union the right to bargain over the effects of discipline of graduate workers on their working conditions effective immediately pursuant to the M-O-A-C-G-U-E issued a demand to bargain with Cornell administration over the effects of the discipline administered to tall C-G-S-U-U-E condemns tall suspension, which represents a disturbing pattern of discriminatory discipline against marginalized graduate workers. The union is still fighting for just cause protections and discipline and discharge due process for academic evaluations, strong academic freedom and non-discrimination protections, inclusive of political affiliation and action, religious practice and caste. So that is a lot of the context that we wanted to sort of provide for you guys up top. And we will of course link to Aaron Fernando’s piece in the nation so you could read more about it.

And I wouldn’t have to burden our guests today with explaining the whole context here because as I said at the top time is of the essence. And we do want to focus the second half of this conversation on where things stand right now as we record at Cornell and what folks can do right now to help and get involved. And so Joanna and Jenna from the Cornell Graduate Students Union are here to join us and help us unpack this important story. And thank you both so much for taking time to do this. I really appreciate it and I promise that that’s the most that folks are going to hear me talk at the top of the episode up here. I really wanted to turn things over to both of y’all and ask if, yeah, first if you could sort of take us back to last year, right when the student Antifa movement was really spreading to campuses, not just across the US but around the world, it felt like this was a really big step in the protest movement, and now we are facing a lot of the more sinister institutional backlash beyond just the immediate police led backlash that we saw on campuses like Columbia and more.

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So can you both talk to us a little bit about how we got from there to here, and then we’ll talk about where things currently stand with Talls case and what the union is doing to fight it?

Jawuanna McAllister:

Yeah. Well first thank you again for having us. We’re really happy to be able to have a platform to share some of what’s going on at Cornell. Wish it was under different circumstances, but I think I speak for myself and Jenna when I say we’re both grateful that you made time for us, especially with the situation is evolving as quickly as it has been. So what I can say about last year is it’s actually interesting that you bring up some of the more overt forms of discipline and policing that were taking place across campuses. It’s actually one way that I think Cornell was different. So we are at Cornell’s main campus, which is in central New York in Ithaca, it’s college town. It’s pretty small, it’s rural for the most part. So a lot of what was taking place across the country we didn’t really have here in terms of overpolicing, especially with the student encampment in the spring. There were some flareups, but it never really got to the point where it was violent. Everything was entirely peaceful, at least from the side of the prop protestors.

But what was always present and I think now is sort of bubbling over and coming to the surface is some of these more insidious forms of repression and discipline and targeting of specific individuals who are perceived as leaders in this type of movement. And the censorship that we’re really seeing. It was taking place last semester, but now we’re just, it’s a continuation of what we had last semester. And I think one of the other shifts with Cornell is that we had a change in leadership. So our former provost is now the president of the university, our former president retired, take from that what you will. But so yeah, now we have a new president, Koff who has taken the helm and is really spearheading a lot of these more repressive tactics that he was able to get away with without as much attention I think in the past.

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Jenna Marvin:

Yeah, I’ll jump in. And second Joanna, and of course, thank you for having us. We’re delighted to be here even under the difficult circumstances, but I really do want to highlight that change in leadership at Cornell. There was, I think a sense from all of us, either union members or activists that caught lakoff’s change of role from the provost to the president was going to lead to a real change intact or maybe even an intensification of what had been happening in the spring. And I think that our fears are being validated right now given what’s happening on campus. So that change of leadership I think is really key. You have a new president who will be an interim president, but is new nonetheless, who is trying to prove himself to higher up board of trustees, et cetera.

Maximillian Alvarez:

So let’s talk about, I guess how things have been moving in the new school year because it feels like I, and this is something that we’ve talked to students, graduate students and faculty who were involved with the different encampments last year with the coverage that we were doing here at the Real News. We spoke with folks at UCLA, university of Michigan, Columbia, Indiana, so on and so forth. And we were seeing that there were different kind of approaches that different administrations were taking. One university had snipers on the roof, the other university trying to make itself seem a little more like open students at Stanford won critical gains and concessions from the university. So this is definitely an intense and protracted struggle that has not had one single outcome. But what we have seen, especially heading into the new year, is that university administrations and the powers to which they answer be they on the donor side or the political side, have taken that time over the summer to really revamp their strategies for how to deal with, and when I say deal with that term’s carrying a lot of weight here, deal with these protests.

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Some universities we’ve already seen are taking action, even disciplining or firing faculty. And now we have the case here at Cornell. So I wanted to ask if you could just sort of please tell us how things have gone this year. Did it feel markedly different walking onto campus at the beginning of this school year? And what has been the course of events that have led us to where we are right now and where do things currently stand right now?

Jawuanna McAllister:

Yeah, I think there was a sense from everyone on campus who’s been paying attention to events on campus that this year was going to be a little bit different and a little bit more intense. I believe it was the very first day of classes, I think it was on August 26th, the provost and new interim provost and new interim President Koff sent out an email to the entire student body and I believe the entire Cornell community outlining new guidelines for how discipline would be handled this semester for student activists. And it’s essentially this three tier system that’s more or less, as we’ve seen over the past week, just completely gone out the window where it is kind of like a three strike thing out. So first offense is, I guess I probably need to pull up the email, but the first offense is like a warning.

You get called into a conduct meeting with the student code of conduct office, and it’s a warning, the second offense, and it could just be an offense, could be, I don’t know, attending a protest, right? Attending a rally that’s going on a little too long per CUPD, Cornell University police’s discretion. Second defense is a non-academic suspension, which essentially bars people from participating in clubs and extracurriculars. And then the third would be more permanent or interim temporary suspension and academic suspension. So what’s happening to MOMU right now? The other change is that in response to some of the discipline that graduate workers in particular face in the spring where we had a number of international and just grads of various marginalized identities targeted for their participation in our encampment at Cornell were issued, they were suspended in response to that, graduate workers here organized a picket outside of a bargaining session, and that resulted in really demanding that the university bargain with us over that discipline.

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And as a result of that, we got this memorandum of agreement, which we signed with the university in July. And this agreement essentially states that the university is obligated to bargain with us, bargain with our union over the effects of grad work or discipline. So you have this three tier system that the university is saying they’re going to abide by because there’s been a lot of questions about how disciplines made it out up until now because it’s been completely arbitrary. And our union has this MOA that we’ve signed with the university saying, you have to bargain with us. And as I think general can tell you more about things are not playing out how they should.

Jenna Marvin:

Yeah, I can talk a little bit more about the enforcement of the memorandum of agreement. It does feel like Cornell administration, like the head and the hand, are not talking on purpose. More than likely Cornell’s bargaining committee is composed of general counsel, faculty, and of course an outside negotiator as well. And so they are bargaining this memorandum of agreement with us beginning in May, which was a huge industry setting victory to win something that actually says your employer has to come to the bargaining table around really any kind of discipline that affects working conditions. So from the time we started bargaining that until July when we actually signed it, Cornell’s bargaining committee was working with C-G-S-U-U-E to hammer this out and it’s become final. And it’s a document that we are really proud of, not only for a victory for us, but for other graduate shops around the country.

So to see, I think we were all sort of waiting on bated breath to see how the university would handle the enforcement of the memorandum. And of course, the answer that we received is they are blatantly disregarding it. They have an obligation to bargain with us over any sort of discipline needed out that affects the terms and conditions of employment. And of course, in MoMA AL’S case, that is absolutely happening. Deen enrollment and the revoking of his visa alone constitutes a huge disruption to his terms and conditions of his work. So to have your bargaining committee actually bargain with the union to create this really, really clear, really, really, really clear guidelines for how discipline is to be handed down and how the union is to be involved in that process and then to completely disregard it, especially after sending out this three strikes email where due process is supposed to be a guarantee. It does feel like the president’s office is not communicating properly with the offices that actually are in charge of meeting out discipline. And it’s been very disappointing, to say the least from the union’s perspective.

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Maximillian Alvarez:

Can I just ask a little more on that? I mean, I can’t imagine how they’re feeling right now, but what can you tell us about how Mama DE’s doing and how this is affecting them? For anyone out there listening who maybe is still asking those questions of like, well, why is this a labor issue? What are unions and grad workers have to do with Palestine? I guess what would you say to folks out there about why this is a labor issue and how this is affecting one of your members right now and their livelihood?

Jawuanna McAllister:

It’s very much a labor issue with the type of work that graduate workers do. We teach, we research, OU is a student in Africana studies, a grad worker in Africana studies. He can’t teach his classes right now because he’s been suspended. His students are missing out on all that he has to offer as an instructor because he can’t set foot on campus, he can’t do his job. So it’s very much a labor issue from a service level. And then you think about the types of things that graduate workers are being disciplined for, not only by participating in protest activity, but also just by teaching their subject matter in the classroom. I think Momu and a number of other graduate workers, just who I personally am aware of and have close friendships with, have reported some really troubling things about the response of the administration to the subject matter in their courses.

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So this is really an issue of academic freedom as well, where you have people not only not having the freedom to express themselves really just on campus in general and oppose what’s happening in Palestine and the atrocities that they’re seeing, they can’t even teach about it as it relates to their courses, as it relates to their subject matter. That’s really scary at an institution that prides itself on Cornell. Being in an Ivy League institution, people pay a lot of money to come here, are really proud when they get in with an institution like Cornell with this type of reputation and really any institution, any, it just runs completely contrary to any institution of higher educations like educational and academic mission to be doing this. So it’s an issue of academic freedom, it’s an issue of worker autonomy and workers’ rights. And because we are workers, it’s very much a labor issue. Yeah,

Jenna Marvin:

Yeah. I’ve thought about this a lot in the last couple of days, and I don’t think there are many union members across industries in this country who would ever stand for the level of unilateral discipline from their employer that Cornell is meeting out to al right now. It is a fundamental union issue that your boss cannot exercise unilateral power over you. You get a say in your working conditions being hired and fired as part of your working condition. So this is an absolutely fundamental fight that unions, labor unions have been fighting for over 150 years in the United States. It’s absolutely crucial to our fight. And a union needs to be able to protect its workers from that complete unilateral bring down of power. And absolutely it is an academic freedom issue as well. To echo Joanna there, I work in the humanities. This is speaking of fundamental, it’s fundamental to what we do in the humanities is to teach about the horrors of history, to be frank, and to talk about what happens in the world today.

And that includes politics in all of its forms and it includes genocide. And to have students in the humanities anywhere across the university, but particularly right now in the humanities, I thinking maybe I shouldn’t teach this. I’m not really sure how that will be received by my students or I’m not sure who will find out about this. I hear that from my coworkers and that’s very scary. So what is happening to mom Al is absolutely a disgrace, but there are also many effects that trickle down from this. It’s about creating a culture of fear and when you workers are fearful, that is a union issue always.

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Jawuanna McAllister:

There’s maybe one other thing that I just wanted to add to this that we haven’t, we’ve sort of talked around but haven’t actually spoken to directly, is a lot of people don’t understand what a grad worker union is because we are grad students and we also do work that makes the university run. So as Jenna has already highlighted, I think really eloquently, we teach, we do research on behalf of the university, but we’re also here taking classes. So we have these dual roles, and when the university disciplines workers under a as quote students or under the guise of academics, that is inextricable from our employment and our role as workers. So in mom’s case for example, when you are suspended as a student, you were also suspended and effectively fired from your employment. When you’re de enrolled as a student, you’re terminated. And to Jenna’s point earlier, there’s no other industry where that would be acceptable, where lack of due process or lack of just cause for termination because of something that is independent in the university’s eyes at least of your employment, is acceptable. And that’s also not a distinction that we really exist in practice. We’re one and the same. So I think that’s just maybe an important point to clarify for students. And we’re also workers and those things are inextricably linked.

Maximillian Alvarez:

Oh yeah. I mean, speaking as a former grad worker and member of University of Michigan, GEO, shout out to GEO. Yeah, we’re getting a lot of the education and practice in our coursework that we are then able to apply in our teaching work and be better educators. And lo and behold, we’re one and the same person learning and teaching at the same time. Holy shit. People can do more than one thing at once. And that I wanted to just kind of ask a quick question there because on the question of grad unions and grad labor struggles, I mean there is something sinister and kind of harrowingly that echoes one of the weapons of first resort that we tend to see during grad unionization efforts or grad strikes at universities is something that I’ve seen reporting on grad strikes and union efforts like across the country.

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And I remember seeing myself as a tactic that the University of Michigan employed when I was a member of our graduate union there, international students have a sort of special place in the university’s calculus for how to instill fear and impose discipline and impose division within a bargaining unit. And I just wanted to ask if y’all could speak as union members about the fact that Amadou being an international student here is also a really important detail of the story, both in terms of what this discipline is going to mean for him personally, but also what him being an international student is allowing the university to do in perpetuating the chilling effect that y’all were talking about here. This is something that comes up all the time when grad students go on strike because universities will almost always like clockwork when a strike happens, they will send out an email notifying international students that if they’re not working, they could lose their visas and thus their immigration status. So could you please just speak to that for a second and then we’ll wrap up by asking what folks can do now to help?

Jawuanna McAllister:

Yeah, it’s not a surprise to anyone that when the boss wants to intimidate and instill fear, they go after the most vulnerable workers first. And that is our international students who make up approximately 50% of our membership, 50% of our bargaining unit. It’s an intimidation tactic through and through. It is, yeah, I don’t really have much more to add to that other than we see it for exactly what it is. And I think what’s been really heartening is to see the outrage from our international workers as well as the broader Cornell community. I think the response from the community is really demonstrating, and by community I mean on campus and then also more broadly nationwide, demonstrating to our workers here that people are not just going to sit by and accept this. Our union will not just sit by and let one of our own be disciplined and effectively have this visa status revoked and then effectively be deported. We’re not just going to sit by and allow that to happen. And I think that’s an important thing for that 50% of our unit to really see that we stand behind them 100%.

Jenna Marvin:

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Yeah. I will add that one of the things that makes this situation around intimidation of international students at Cornell International workers incredibly divisive is that one of Cornell’s founding principles is any person, any study all over this campus. I see posters of it when I walked on the hall on my workspace. And so to sort of rest on the prestige of having 50% of our bargaining unit members be international workers who are some of the best, the brightest and the most generous colleagues ever, but then turn that right around and make people feel scared and to make people more vulnerable and for Cornell’s administration to feel like they have leverage or kind of control over international workers is really, really disappointing, particularly given its sort of founding ethos.

And just to echo, Joanna, if we have 50% of our bargaining unit members here on Visas, you better be sure that we we’re going to fight for one of our members being disciplined and possibly fired and losing his visa. If we don’t fight for that, what are we for? Right? This has always been integral to our organizing. It has always been integral to the contract that we are currently negotiating with Cornell. So it’s perhaps even as far as the numbers, even more of an issue here at Cornell than it’s if maybe comparable institutions in the United States.

Maximillian Alvarez:

Well, Joanna, Jenna, I want to thank you both again so much for taking time to chat with me. I really appreciate it and I just wanted to give y all the final word here and ask if you could let our listeners know what happens now and what the union is trying to do, what the campus community is doing to stand against this, and what folks out there who are listening to this, what they can do to stay up to date on this and what they can do to get involved themselves.

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Jawuanna McAllister:

Yeah, I can go ahead and plug a few things. So as you mentioned before we started recording, we have a rally for workplace justice tomorrow Wednesday, what is tomorrow, October 2nd at noon, we will be marching from one of the buildings near central campus down to the administrative building, demanding that the university bargain with us over the effects of Madu tile suspension, and also demanding that the university give us just cause and due process when it comes to these various forms of discipline, along with protections for academic freedom and non-discrimination when it comes to political speech and activity, caste, international workers rights. These are all things that are really, really integral to our union. So that’s tomorrow, and we’ll have members of the community there, faculty, some folks from our A UP chapter will be joining us, which is exciting. So it’s really, it’s going to be a great event if anyone is in the, well, I don’t think you’ll have this released by the time this goes out, so you can cut that part. I’m just going to say if anyone’s here, they can feel free to come up to campus, but I doubt anyone will be here. And then Jenna, do you want to take some of the other things that we have going on right now?

Jenna Marvin:

Sure. I mean, for those people who are not in Ithaca and want to stay up to date, we are keeping people up to date with our Instagram. That’s at Cornell gsu. We’re trying to be as on top of the developing situation as we can. So that’s one avenue to stay informed. We have a bargaining session. CGSU will sit across the table from Cornell’s bargaining committee on Wednesday, October the ninth. And so look out for news around that there may be some coordinated action as the situation develops. We’re still thinking about that, but more news to come as the bargaining committee that Joanna and I are part of, sort of goes to sit at the table again with Cornell’s representatives given what has unfolded since our last session about two weeks ago. So more news to come stay informed. Instagram’s a great way to do it. And if you happen to be around for a rally tomorrow, come on out, have a chant, it’ll be cathartic.

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Jawuanna McAllister:

I have two more things to plug. We should have made a list ahead of this. So we have an action network petition that UE National has just helped us launch earlier today. So if you are a member of a local, any local doesn’t have to be ue, please, please, please check out our social media and the UE national socials and you should be able to find that petition. We can also send you the link max and you can share that. And then we also have different petitions for different groups depending on what your affiliation is. So we have one that’s specific to grad locals. So please reach out to us. You can either DM us on Instagram or Twitter, or you can follow up with us at bc@cornellgradunion.org with any questions. Or we should just have questions about how to support or want to get access to any of those resources. We can send them to you directly through that email as well. Cornell GSU on socials?

Jenna Marvin:

I think so. That’s the Instagram.

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Jawuanna McAllister:

We need Cornell to bargain with us. We have this MOA, it’s time for Cornell to hold up their end of that signed agreement and bargain with us over, not just mom do suspension, but any grad worker discipline under these policies. Me to set the table.

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Britain’s farewell to the power of King Coal

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In 1882, the world’s first coal-burning power plant opened at London’s Holborn Viaduct. This week, Britain’s last coal-fired station at Ratcliffe-on-Soar in the East Midlands shut down, making the home of the industrial revolution the first G7 country to end coal power. The UK’s experience highlights lessons, and pitfalls, for other developed countries — and over time for the likes of India and China, still adding coal-fired plants but committed to cutting carbon emissions long term.

Britain’s 21st-century path to zero-coal electricity was eased by events before the climate battle took off. The discovery of North Sea gas in the 1960s opened the way for the 1990s “dash for gas” by newly privatised generators. Gas provided a lower carbon emission bridging fuel that will supply Britain until at least 2030. In the 1980s, the Thatcher government closed dozens of UK coal mines after a tumultuous, year-long miners’ strike. Inefficiency, not green concerns, was the main argument, and the socio-economic impacts are still felt today. But coal producers were neutralised as a domestic lobby, unlike in Australia, the US or Germany.

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EU legislation — while Britain was a member — played a part too, with a 2001 law aimed at curbing emissions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides that cause acid rain and harm health. It forced big coal-burning plants to invest in expensive kit to remove pollutants or, by 2015, shut down. As developing countries are finding, coal’s polluting nature means demands for clean air dovetail with the climate fight.

But in Britain, Labour and Conservative governments alike deserve credit for setting long-term directions and backing them with policies to spur development of renewable energy — including putting a price on both air pollution and the carbon in coal. Renewables’ share of UK electricity has jumped from only 14.6 per cent as late as 2013 to 51 per cent last year.

UK electricity suppliers were from 2002 obliged to source an increasing share from renewable sources. “Contracts for difference” took over from 2017, with low-carbon generators subsidised if market electricity prices drop below an agreed supply price, but paying the state if the opposite happens. A carbon floor price set in 2013 also tilted the balance against coal. Prime Minister David Cameron in 2015 boldly committed to phase out coal generation within a decade, after being assured there would be sufficient alternative capacity to keep the lights on.

Critics suggest the fact that UK industrial electricity prices have doubled in five years, putting them among the highest in the developed world last year, shows the folly of its actions. The reality is more complex. Surging Europe-wide gas prices after Russia invaded Ukraine had a bigger impact since gas forms a higher share of the UK generating mix than in, say, France or Germany — and its wholesale prices are set by the most costly source needed to cover demand.

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The government in 2022 launched a consultation on reforming the market to stop volatile gas prices setting the price for cheaper renewable sources. Doing so is vital to ensure Britain remains competitive and derives the benefit of its great shift to renewables.

The end of coal-fired power is, moreover, only a milestone on a continuing journey — not without risk — to a carbon-neutral power system by a target of 2030. Many fear the deadline is unattainable. Yet it will help to focus efforts on what is required, including ensuring that a grid heavily reliant on intermittent wind and solar power can balance supply and demand in real time, and building new transmission lines from often remote locations. Britain is not alone in confronting such tasks. But given its history, as in 1882, the rest of the world will surely be watching closely.

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