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Low capital gains tax rate ‘bad for productivity’ and should be increased, experts say

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Increasing the rate of capital gains tax (CGT) to align with income tax could have a “direct growth benefit” according to a paper by a group of academics.

CGT, which is paid on profits made from selling assets such as second homes or shares in a business, is charged at between 10 per cent and 28 per cent, whereas income tax can be far higher, with those earning over £50,271 paying at least 40 per cent.

The difference between the rates “encourages individuals to work in a form that allows them to be paid in capital gains,” for example by setting up a personal service company through which they get paid, and later extracting the income as capital gains by closing the company, a report from the Centre for the Analysis of Taxation (CenTax) says.

It says that this hampers productivity “by having people working in ways that are less efficient but are individually optimal because of the tax saving.”

The report, which has been released ahead of Rachel Reeves’ first Budget later this month, says that CGT rates should be equalised with income tax rates.

Arun Advani, director of CenTax and associate professor at University of Warwick, said: “Although people tend to assume higher CGT rates are bad for investment, they too often miss that lower rates are bad for productivity and growth through the effect on how people work.

“Equalising rates with income tax, and providing an investment allowance to support investment, could square the circle by raising money while supporting growth.”

As an overall portion of the tax take, CGT is relatively small.

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Estimates from the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) suggest total take will come to £15.2bn in 2024/25 tax year, which represents 1.3 per cent of all tax receipts.

At the upcoming Budget, the Government is expected to raise some taxes in order to fill what it says is a £22bn black hole in the public finances.

Some experts have argued that equalising CGT with income tax rates could actually lose rather than gain money, with Dan Neidle of Tax Policy Associates saying it would come at a cost of £3bn.

He wrote: “There is potential to raise some tax from CGT, but it would have to be a modest increase, probably raising no more than around £2bn. A more significant increase would make the UK look like an outlier, and would realistically have to be accompanied by the return of relief for inflationary gains, which would wipe out much of the revenue.”

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There is an expectation among experts that some changes to CGT will be made at the Budget, though some think it is a bad idea.

Sean Cockburn, director at tax firm Forvis Mazars said: “On the face of it you might expect aligning capital gains tax rates with those for income tax would increase tax revenue, but the influence on taxpayer behaviour needs to be considered. 

“If taxpayers deem the tax burden to be too high, they will simply not dispose of assets or seek ways to avoid or defer the liability – this might mean people will retain an asset that they do not really need or the re-emergence of trusts as an estate planning tool so that the gain can be rolled over.”

Rowan Morrow-McDade, tax director at Alexander & Co, said: “The tax system should encourage individuals to take risks and invest, leading to long-term wealth creation. We already have a tax incentive that rewards individuals for investing in risky startups, and starting a company is hugely risky. The UK would massively disincentivise individuals from starting businesses if they knew that they would be taxed at income tax rates on an eventual exit.”

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Olly Cheng, financial planning director at Rathbones added: “On the surface matching the rates looks fair, but this doesn’t take into account that for a capital asset held for several years, if the value increases with inflation, then the owner hasn’t actually made a gain in real terms. Is it then fair to tax someone on an asset where it is worth more in pound terms, but this gain only reflects the fact that one pound is now worth less than when the asset was purchased?”

CenTax has also said the UK should have an “exit tax” on successful people in business who make gains in the country and then emigrate.

At the moment, the UK does not charge CGT on people who leave the country for more than five years. CenTax argues this incentivises successful business people to emigrate, in order to cut their tax bill.

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Israel and Hizbollah clash near Lebanese border

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Israeli troops and Hizbollah fighters clashed near the Lebanese border in the early hours of Wednesday, a day after Israel carried out one of its largest waves of air strikes on southern Lebanon since the conflict erupted a year ago.

Israeli air strikes pounded targets across Lebanon on Tuesday and overnight, including in southern Beirut, as its invading ground forces attempted to push into the south of the country and fought battles with Hizbollah fighters embedded in the rugged terrain.

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Videos shared on social media showed soldiers raising the Israeli flag in the border village of Maroun al-Ras where fighting had taken place in recent days. It is not clear if the Israeli troops remain there. Hizbollah said it had fired rockets at soldiers south of the village on Wednesday.

The Iran-backed militant group said overnight that its fighters had confronted Israeli troops trying to “infiltrate” the border village of Blida after targeting them with an explosive device. Hizbollah also said its militants fired rockets and artillery shells, forcing the retreat of Israel Defense Forces trying to advance near Labbouneh in the south-west.

Israel said at least three soldiers were wounded in the fighting this week, as its ground offensive swelled to four combat divisions — as many as 20,000 troops at maximum strength. The Israeli army is breaching the border in at least four locations after launching its invasion last week, with each division probably supporting each point of entry, an Israeli official said, declining to provide more details.

While much of the direct fighting between Israeli troops and Hizbollah fighters continues to be limited to an area close to the border, the Israeli air force has carried out a large series of co-ordinated air strikes concentrating on southern Lebanon but extending into the Bekaa Valley, the IDF said.

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Hizbollah has responded by firing projectiles into northern Israel and as far south as Haifa, a commercial and cultural hub. A handful of rockets were also launched towards Tel Aviv this week.

The IDF said it had tracked 180 “projectiles” crossing from Lebanon into Israeli territory through late Tuesday night, including a major barrage at Haifa during a defiant video address by Hizbollah deputy leader Naim Qassem, who said the group’s military capabilities remained intact despite Israel’s escalating offensive in recent weeks.

Israeli bombardment has decimated the command structure of the group, including killing Hassan Nasrallah, its top leader.

The air strikes on Tuesday were the second-largest wave of attacks since Israel dramatically intensified its air campaign against Hizbollah in Lebanon late last month, two Israeli officials said, as it focuses on a large bank of targets identified by military intelligence.

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That wave of bombings, which began around September 20, eventually included nearly 5,000 air strikes over several days, according to a Financial Times tally.

Israeli strikes have killed more than 2,100 people over the past year and forced about 1.2mn from their homes, mostly in the past two weeks, according to Lebanese authorities.

Tuesday’s bombings were aimed at more than 125 “significant targets”, the IDF said. Dozens of underground structures for at least three Hizbollah military units were destroyed — killing at least 50 Hizbollah operatives — as were 30 different locations involving Hizbollah rockets, the IDF said.

Israel has said its Lebanon offensive is aimed at securing its northern border area to allow about 60,000 Israelis to return to their homes, after a year of exchanging cross-border fire with Hizbollah. The Lebanese group had started firing rockets towards Israel in support of Gaza a day after the October 7 2023 Hamas-led attacks on southern Israel.

IDF spokesperson Rear Admiral Daniel Hagari said late on Tuesday after the air strikes had mostly concluded that the Hizbollah fighters killed had been trained to infiltrate the border to “murder and abduct Israeli civilians”.

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Martin Lewis issues warning for 28million households to ‘act ASAP’ and save on energy bills as suppliers pull deals

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Martin Lewis issues warning for 28million households to 'act ASAP' and save on energy bills as suppliers pull deals

MARTIN Lewis has issued a warning to millions of households who could slash their energy bills.

Last week, the energy price cap jumped from £1,568 to £1,717 a year.

Martin Lewis is urging households to switch to a fixed energy deal and beat the price cap hike

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Martin Lewis is urging households to switch to a fixed energy deal and beat the price cap hikeCredit: Rex

This means that bills have risen by 10%, and the average household bill is up by more than £12 a month, or £149 a year.

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However, Martin Lewis said: “Last week, the energy pants price cap, which dictates the rate eight in 10 homes in Eng, Scotland and Wales pay, rose by 10%

“Yet, for now, the deals you can compare and switch to are far cheaper.

“That’s why last week I called the current cap a pants cap, as, stay on it, and you’ll miss out on savings.”

Around 28million households are on standard variable tariffs, which are affected by the price cap, according to Ofgem.

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However, there are several fixed energy deals that beat these tariffs.

The founder of MoneySavingExpert.com said: “A fix gives you peace of mind that the rate won’t change for a set time.

“Currently, a host of one-year fixes hugely undercut the price cap.

“Yet world turmoil has hit oil prices, and there’s potential knock-on to energy prices, so we’ve already seen three of last week’s cheapest fixes pulled and replaced with more expensive ones.”

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EDF Energy also pulled the cheapest fixed deal on the market on Monday.

I used quick Martin Lewis tip to claim back £600 – the money was in my account within four days

Those who signed up for the Essentials Fixed 1Yr Oct25v3 tariff were promised savings of £163 a year.

As a result, Martin added: “So for the short term, the mood music seems to say fixing ASAP is the safest route.”

The cheapest fixed deal available right now can still save the average household £162 a year.

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How do fixed deals work?

Fixed deals work to protect customers from bill hikes if Ofgem were to increase the price cap in the future.

Customers on their supplier’s standard variable tariff see their energy prices change every three months, as these are tied to Ofgem’s price cap.

However, those who lock into a fixed energy deal are charged the same gas and electricity rates throughout the contract’s term.

Of course, doing so carries a slight risk of you paying more than those on the standard variable tariff if Ofgem’s energy price cap were to fall within your deal’s term.

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The price cap is reviewed every three months in Oct, Jan, April and July, and can go up or down depending on what’s happening in the wholesale energy market.

Since October 1, those on the standard variable tariff (SVT) have had their rates capped by Ofgem at the following levels:

  • 5.48p per kilowatt hour (p/kWh) for gas
  • 22.36p per kWh for electricity
  • A standing charge of 31.66p per day for gas
  • A standing charge of 60.99p per day for electricity
  • For a typical household that uses an average of 11,500kWh of gas and 2,700kWh of electricity every year, these rates will cap bills at roughly £1,717 .

As this is only an estimate for a typical household, if you use more energy, you’ll pay more.

But if you’re offered a fix that’s cheaper than October’s price cap, it’s always worth considering.

How can I check future price cap predictions?

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EDF Energy has launches a brand new Ofgem price cap prediction tool on its website.

The energy company updates the tool with new information about changes to the cap on energy prices every Tuesday.

It also includes advice on how this affects your energy tariff choices.

You can find out more by visiting edfenergy.com/gas-and-electricity/price-cap-predictions.

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Which suppliers are offering the best-fixed deals?

Outfox the Market is currently offering the cheapest deal on the open market right now.

Its Fix’d Dual Oct24 v5.0 tariff costs a typical household £1,555 a year.

This means it is £162 cheaper than Ofgem’s October price cap.

It comes with a £25 exit fee per fuel or £50 if you lock in with a dual fuel tariff.

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British Gas‘ The Fixed Tariff v5 tariff matches the Outfox the Market deal, but it comes with a £50 exit dee per fuel.

Octopus Energy’s 12M Fixed October 2024 v1 costs £1,566 a year – £151 less than Ofgem’s October price cap.

This deal also comes with no exit fees, so customers can ditch and switch suppliers at any time.

Remember to always compare prices before switching, as energy tariffs vary widely, and costs differ depending on where you live.

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Outfox the Market, Ovo Energy and British Gas fixes are available to those with or without a smart meter.

What are the alternatives?

Customers unwilling to commit to long-term fixed energy deals may want to consider flexible tariffs.

Kara Gammell, personal finance expert at comparison site Money Supermarket Group, says: “These will almost always be at or below the price cap.”

For example, E.ON Next‘s Pledge variable tariff offers a fixed discount of around three per cent on the price cap rates for 12 months.

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It will save the average household around £50 a year but comes with a £50 exit fee if you switch before the year ends.

The deal is available to both new and existing customers.

EDF Energy’s Ensure Tracker works in a similar way and offers a £50 discount off the price cap’s standing charges for 12 months.

For a bigger reward but at a higher risk, Octopus Energy offers two variable tariffs which track wholesale gas and electricity costs.

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Customers on the Octopus Tracker see their prices change daily, but unit rates have remained consistently lower than the price cap in recent months.

The Agile Octopus tariff works similarly to the Octopus Tracker, but the main difference is that the former’s prices change every half hour.

Remember that those wishing to switch to any of these tracker tariffs must have a smart meter.

What energy bill help is available?

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THERE’S a number of different ways to get help paying your energy bills if you’re struggling to get by.

If you fall into debt, you can always approach your supplier to see if they can put you on a repayment plan before putting you on a prepayment meter.

This involves paying off what you owe in instalments over a set period.

If your supplier offers you a repayment plan you don’t think you can afford, speak to them again to see if you can negotiate a better deal.

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Several energy firms have grant schemes available to customers struggling to cover their bills.

But eligibility criteria varies depending on the supplier and the amount you can get depends on your financial circumstances.

For example, British Gas or Scottish Gas customers struggling to pay their energy bills can get grants worth up to £2,000.

British Gas also offers help via its British Gas Energy Trust and Individuals Family Fund.

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You don’t need to be a British Gas customer to apply for the second fund.

EDF, E.ON, Octopus Energy and Scottish Power all offer grants to struggling customers too.

Thousands of vulnerable households are missing out on extra help and protections by not signing up to the Priority Services Register (PSR).

The service helps support vulnerable households, such as those who are elderly or ill, and some of the perks include being given advance warning of blackouts, free gas safety checks and extra support if you’re struggling.

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Get in touch with your energy firm to see if you can apply.

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Miranda Hart reveals she got married at 51 and has had Lyme disease

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Miranda Hart reveals she got married at 51 and has had Lyme disease

Miranda Hart has said “getting married in mid-life is a full injection of joy and fun”, after revealing she’s tied the knot at the age of 51.

The comedian and actreess has married a man she met during the pandemic.

“It’s the best!” she said. “He’s my best friend, we have the best fun… The fact that I could meet somebody – it’s not a rom-com story but it’s hope, and that’s why I think, whatever situation you’re in, there’s always hope that things really do change.”

She discusses the relationship in her new book, and also opens up about her struggle with chronic fatigue after being diagnosed with Lyme disease.

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The star, who is best known for her BBC sitcom Miranda, told the BBC it had been a “tough few years”, but she was “thrilled” by her marriage, and was “really keen to get back to some silliness”.

“It’s so nice to be back in the television, I feel very excited to be here,” she told The One Show.

“Because once you’ve been bed and housebound with a fatigue-based chronic illness that takes a long time to be diagnosed – which sadly I know a lot of people will know – you miss life a lot. So I’m thrilled to be sitting here.”

Lyme disease is a bacterial infection which can spread to humans via a tick bite.

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The disease can be easily treated if detected and diagnosed early, but for a long time, the actor didn’t know what was causing her to feel unwell.

It often starts with a circular rash and can lead to flu-like symptoms, nerve pain and sometimes a droop (facial palsy) on one, or both, sides of the face.

For most people, symptoms are short-term and can be alleviated by a course of antibiotics, but a minority go on to suffer more long-term symptoms, including chronic tiredness and unexplained neurological issues.

The star said she found it incredibly hard being confined to her home for such a long period.

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“Unless you’ve had fatigue [like that], you don’t understand what literally not getting off the floor is,” Hart told BBC Radio 4’s Today programme.

“I was basically bed-bound – and housebound. There’d be times where I’d look at a glass of water, and think ‘I don’t know how to pick that up’.

“All anyone wants is to be heard, accepted, loved and seen… and when you’re not – particularly in a medical situation – it’s the worst.”

Part of why she’s written the book was to share her discovery of what helped her recovery, she said.

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“I thought I need to research this whole wellness expertise and dialogue that’s out there, but I was at bed at home alone, the doctors didn’t know what to do with me and I couldn’t have a cold plunge or go on a yoga retreat.

“So I thought what are the universal truths? So I did years of research, when I felt able to, and in the book there are 10 keys, which I call my treasures, to living well.

“And they’ve really genuinely [helped]. I feel like despite the suffering it came from, that I’m living a life of joy and meaning and fulfilment in a way I never have before.

“I feel like I know who I honestly am, in a way that I never knew I needed to, which is just incredible.”

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When she finally received her diagnosis, she was able to trace the condition back to her teenage years.

“Probably when I was about 14 or 15, I got a tick-borne illness… and that’s when my symptoms started,” she recalled.

“It was such a relief. I mean, being misunderstood and misjudged is one of the hardest things about these kind of conditions. For sure.”

The actress, who began her career performing at the Edinburgh Fringe in the early 2000s, remains best known for her portrayal of the unlucky-in-love and socially awkward Miranda from her self-titled TV sitcom which ran from 2009 until 2015 .

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Having taken time out to rest and recover, and with her new husband by her side, Hart suggested she finally felt well enough to start taking on new projects.

“I’m really keen to get back to some silliness now, I miss the studio floor, I miss laughter.”

After appearing on The One Show, Hart said she found her fans’ delight at her marriage “really very touching”.

Posting a video on X, she said: “I’ve got my best friend to do life with and it’s wonderful, and I’m also utterly thrilled to be back in telly land and having a book out, so thanks so much for all your support.”

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Hart ended the video high-fiving her husband – only his hand was visible in the clip – which she joked was an “exclusive”.

She hasn’t revealed his identity, and said she wouldn’t say how they met until the book is published because it is “a little bit of a twist”.

Her book, titled I Haven’t Been Entirely Honest With You, is published on Thursday, 10 October.

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Marriott adds The Link Seoul to Tribute Portfolio

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Marriott adds The Link Seoul to Tribute Portfolio

New hotel opening in Seoul’s Sindorim district

Continue reading Marriott adds The Link Seoul to Tribute Portfolio at Business Traveller.

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Is it possible to sustainably satisfy the world’s hunger for fish?

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Is it possible to sustainably satisfy the world's hunger for fish?

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So, Susannah, what problem are we mulling over today?

Can we solve our overfishing problem and sustainably satisfy the world’s hunger for fish? According to the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organisation, or the FAO, in 2020 the International Trade of Fisheries and Aquaculture Products was worth around $150bn. But the FAO now classifies a third of the world’s fishery stocks as overfished, which means they’re being fished beyond sustainable levels.

So what can be done to combat overfishing? Firstly, fishing subsidies which incentivise overfishing are a huge problem. Now, these are subsidies from governments for things such as fuel, fishing gear, and new vessels. An academic study from 2019 estimated that these government payouts to the fishing industry totalled around $22.2bn.

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There has been some progress in limiting subsidies, especially those that end up supporting unregulated fishing. In June 2022, the World Trade Organisation agreement on fishery subsidies was signed. The goal in mind is to prohibit subsidy support for illegal, unregulated, and unreported fishing, and limiting fishing of overfished stocks. But it’s only due to come into force when two-thirds of WTO members ratify it. That means that 110 countries have to ratify it. But as of the 1st of July of this year, only 78 countries have done so.

So what other measures could we be looking at? Firstly, we could be doing more to protect essential predator species. For example, it’s estimated by the WWF that one third of shark species face extinction. Predator species like sharks play a crucial role in the ocean ecosystem and food chain.

Next, to avoid bycatch, the FAO has suggested placing the top end of fishing nets two metres lower in the water. Now, this has been shown to effectively reduce the mortality of marine mammal bycatch by 98 per cent in places like the Indian Ocean. Finally, the growth of aquaculture, which is fish farmed in pens or ponds, could ease some of the pressure on wild stocks.

Today, more than 50 per cent of the fish that we eat is farmed. Of course, these measures that I’ve been speaking about come with their own challenges. If we take aquaculture, for example, critics say aquaculture’s practises for sourcing feed harm food security in poorer countries. That’s because it hoovers up small species of fish, which the local communities rely on for food in order to make fishmeal for the aquaculture farms.

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Another huge challenge facing authorities is simply the sheer number of fishing boats in the world, many of which are unregulated. Now, according to the FAO, illegal or unregulated fishing accounts for some 20 per cent of what’s caught, or around 26mn tonnes of fish every year. Regulating fisheries has always been a highly political issue. But no matter how difficult the problem of overfishing is to solve, it cannot be ignored.

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Editor’s View: If financial advice is so rewarding, why don’t more people know about it?

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Editor's View: If financial advice is so rewarding, why don’t more people know about it?
Tom Browne – Illustration by Dan Murrell

If there’s one thing that consistently worries the financial advice sector, it’s the looming capacity crunch.

The statistics are well known: a recent Investec survey found 49% of financial advisers and planners intended to retire within the next five years, while 35% aimed to retire by age 50. And this is only the latest in a long line of such findings.

So, why aren’t these numbers being replaced? Again, it’s a familiar story: in some cases, young people see financial advice as not relevant to them, as something “stuffy and old-fashioned”, in the words of the LIBF’s John Somerville.

These initiatives are a great starting point, but they should act as a spur for a much bigger push

Others may feel, incorrectly, that they lack the necessary skills. Or they are put off by the routes to qualification, seeing them as arduous and expensive. Or the advice firms themselves are reluctant to invest in new talent.

But the overwhelming problem is a lack of awareness. According to the CII’s Claire Bishop, “Often, it’s just not something that’s on the radar of people at school, university or college.” The same is true for careers advisers.

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This is despite the opportunities financial advice offers in terms of role diversity, opportunity, location, salary and self-employment. It is a sector that suits a wide range of talent and abilities; as Bishop puts it: “There’s an assumption that it’s all about maths. And it’s not. It’s about helping people and understanding people.”

All of the schemes agree that collaboration is vital

And, while no one would describe it as an easy profession, research last year by Dynamic Planner revealed that nine in 10 advisers under 30 would recommend financial advice as a career. There aren’t many other professions that could make that claim.

So, it’s time the sector pulled together and did more to promote itself. If financial advice is so rewarding, why don’t more people know about it? And, if everyone in the profession is agreed that we have a problem, why not collaborate more on the solutions?

Fortunately, there are plenty of initiatives out there that are doing just that. This month’s cover feature highlights four of them: CII’s virtual work-experience programme with Springpod; the New Talent Alliance; The Verve Foundation’s ‘We Are Change’ initiative; and Future Financial Adviser.

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In some cases, young people see financial advice as not relevant to them, as something stuffy and old-fashioned

All of these are promoting opportunities to young people and assisting them on their journey. All of them are helping to push financial advice into the spotlight. And all of them agree that collaboration is vital.

However, we need to do more. These initiatives are a great starting point, but they should act as a spur for a much bigger push.

So, if you know of a project that is addressing the adviser gap, or you have any thoughts that aren’t addressed in our feature, we’d love to hear from you!

Tom Browne is editor of Money Marketing. Contact him at: tom.browne@moneymarketing.co.uk

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This article featured in the October 2024 edition of Money Marketing

If you would like to subscribe to the monthly magazine, please click here.

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