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If Labour can invest in infrastructure, it can invest in people, too – starting with the children who need it | John Harris

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This week’s budget looks set to be much like Keir Starmer’s government: a cause for genuine optimism – but also a trigger for plenty of anxiety and dread.

Hiked business taxes, it seems, will be used to help the NHS. Thanks to Rachel Reeves’s changes to fiscal rules, there will also be a spurt of borrowing to fund infrastructure projects, including the rebuilding of crumbling schools and hospitals. Social housing is to receive a modest boost. But there is a lot of talk about other budgets continuing to be squeezed, not least when it comes to the money that goes from Whitehall to local councils that are already in dire financial straits. And here, we alight on something that the chancellor would do well to remember: the fact that austerity often turns out to be very, very expensive.

There is no better example than an issue that is now constantly in the news: how the state provides for children and young people with special educational needs and disabilities, or Send. The mess of misery and stress this encompasses is manifested in families being refused anything like the right provision, and rising numbers of kids who are not in school at all. But inevitably, the current Send crisis is also about cold financial numbers.

Last Thursday, the National Audit Office (NAO) published a report on the condition of England’s special needs system. Over the past decade, it said, the so-called high-needs block – which pays for provision and extra support in schools and colleges – has risen by 58%, to £10.7bn a year. Despite this, the Send deficits run up by local authorities may soon reach well over £4bn. At the moment, those overspends have been removed from councils’ balance sheets. They are scheduled to go back on in 2026: the report says that when that happens – and read this slowly – 43% of local authorities in England will be at risk of bankruptcy.

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As the NAO bluntly says, despite all the extra spending, “the system is still not delivering better outcomes for children and young people”. The whole story suggests a level of dysfunction partly caused by the increasing amount of children who need help, and changes that will not go away: for instance, greater understanding of autism (not least among women and girls, something that was overlooked until very recently) has only increased the financial strain. But the key factor in what has happened should not be forgotten: fundamentally, the Send crisis is the result of 14 years of Conservative government, and the chaos the people in charge let loose.

It has affected education throughout the age range. The Sure Start children’s centres that were introduced by the last Labour government were staffed by people who could spot developmental problems early, and offer help – but since George Osborne began slashing the money given to councils to spend on such things, 1,300 have closed, leaving many children’s issues to fester and reach crisis point.

Because schools endured real-terms cuts in their budgets while the pay offered to teaching assistants remained miserly, a lot of support in mainstream schools has also fallen away, with similar consequences. The result has been a veritable exodus into specialist schools: the number of children with special needs in mainstream settings fell by a quarter between 2012 and 2019, while the number attending special schools increased by nearly a third.

Those schools are now often both oversubscribed and overcrowded. Because places are so scarce, their pupils often have to deal with insanely long daily journeys to and from home, which is the reason for another part of the Send crisis: the fact that councils’ spend on children’s travel costs has rocketed. And because a cash-strapped public sector failed to keep pace with the need for specialist provision, other interests stepped into the breach: the kind of private equity firms that now operate many specialist schools, and charge councils sky-high fees. Such is the self-defeating flipside of Osbornomics: when dependable provision is cut back, or fails to keep pace with need, you end up paying through the nose to fill the gaps.

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Faced with such a mess, parents have one key means of getting their kids roughly what they need – in theory, at least. Education, health and care plans (or EHCPs) set out provision as a matter of legally enforceable rights, overseen by a dedicated tribunal. Since 2015, the number of children with an EHCP has risen from 240,000 to 576,000. A child who needs a place in a specialist school will usually need one to get in – and in the absence of enough ad hoc, informal help from teaching assistants, plenty of kids in mainstream schools now also have to go down the same route to secure the right support. However, many councils now seem to be set on cutting Send costs by restricting access to this kind of protection.

“If unreformed, the SEN system is financially unsustainable,” says the NAO report. Bridget Phillipson, the education secretary, says that it reveals a system “that has been neglected to the point of crisis, with children and families with Send quite simply being failed on every measure”. She has so far promised changes with a mixture of vigour and vagueness, but thinks the current model is “too skewed towards specialist provision and overreliant on EHC plans, often only to the benefit of families who have the resources to fight for support.”

A lot of councillors and their officials know what they’d like to see. Their current moves to cut costs by keeping kids in underfunded mainstream schools and restricting EHCPs chime with a push to kill the Send tribunal, and get all those families with clear legal entitlements off their back. A recent document jointly commissioned by the Local Government Association and County Councils Network suggested “a new, independent, nonjudicial mechanism for dealing with disagreements about decision-making”, and insisted that “the state must be clear on where the limits of individual choice and entitlement lie”. This is a classic bureaucrat’s answer – take people’s rights away, get the machine to function at the most basic, self-serving level, and avert your eyes from the human cost. Phillipson’s hint that she believes the Send system is distorted by pushy parents is the sort of argument that would give this position no end of cover.

There is an alternative, but it would mean ministers embracing something the Treasury reportedly hates: the idea of spending more in the short term to save money in the future. With special needs provision, that would mean writing off councils’ Send deficits and accepting that giving families legal rights is part of a modern, responsive system, while setting about the kind of deep systemic repairs that would eventually remove the need for constant emergency funding: reviving Sure Start, increasing numbers of school support staff, and creating a lot more capacity – both in mainstream and state specialist schools.

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Cuts bring costs. Carefully spending money today, by contrast, would deliver tomorrow’s returns and benefits, which is the basic principle of investment. If we can apply it to bricks and mortar and the great god of “infrastructure”, why not to our children?

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Labour MP Mike Amesbury filmed punching man to the ground in Cheshire | Labour

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Footage has emerged of a Labour MP punching a man to the ground and then hitting him several more times.

A video published by the Mail shows Mike Amesbury, the MP for Runcorn and Helsby, hitting the man in the face and knocking him to the floor, before standing over him and aiming six more blows at his head.

The security camera footage also shows Amesbury shouting: “You won’t threaten me again, will you?”

Amesbury said in a statement on Saturday night: “Last night I was involved in an incident that took place after I felt threatened on the street following an evening with friends. This morning I contacted Cheshire police myself to report what happened during this incident.

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“I will not be making further comment but will, of course, cooperate with any inquiries if required by Cheshire police.”

After an initial video showing the aftermath of the altercation was published on Saturday night, a Labour spokesperson said: “We are aware of an incident that took place last night. We understand that Mike Amesbury MP approached Cheshire police to report what happened this morning himself and that he will cooperate with any inquiries they have.”

The education secretary, Bridget Phillipson, refused to say on Sunday whether Amesbury would have the whip suspended while police investigated.

“Mike Amesbury is cooperating fully with the police,” she said. “He’s gone forward himself to the police, and it is right that the police now look into this matter, investigate and decide what action, if any, is required.”

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Officials did not respond on Sunday after footage emerged of the incident.

Cheshire constabulary said in a statement: “At 2.48am on Saturday 26 October, police were called to reports of an assault in Frodsham. A caller reported he had been assaulted by a man in Main Street. Enquiries are ongoing.”

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The footage shows Amesbury talking to the man at 2.15am in the Cheshire town of Frodsham. Shortly after the man looks away, Amesbury punches him with enough force to knock him to the ground, before standing over him and hitting him repeatedly as a third man tries to prise him away.

Amesbury was a shadow minister in the housing department before the election but was not given a government job after the party came to power. He won his seat with a majority of nearly 15,000 ahead of the second-placed party, Reform UK.

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Labour backbenchers accuse Keir Starmer of ‘colonial mindset’ | Labour

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Three prominent Labour backbenchers have accused Keir Starmer of an “insulting” and “colonial mindset” over his reluctance to discuss reparations for the transatlantic slave trade.

Ahead of a summit of the Commonwealth heads of government in Samoa last week, the prime minister rejected calls to discuss reparations with Caribbean and African nations, with No 10 insisting it was “not on the agenda”.

Starmer said slavery was “abhorrent” but his stance was “looking forward rather than looking backwards”, adding that he wanted to focus on discussing “current future-facing challenges” at the summit instead of “very long, endless discussions about reparations on the past”.

On Sunday the Labour MP Bell Ribeiro-Addy addressed a cross-party reparations conference in London, saying it was “very insulting [to] tell people of African descent to forget and move forward”.

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“Reparations are not about relitigating historic injustices, they are about remedying the deep-rooted inequalities that still shape our world today,” she said. “At a time when there is growing awareness of how racial hierarchies that endure to this day were constituted to justify the enslavement and colonisation of African peoples, state-led action on reparations is sadly lacking.”

Another Labour MP, Clive Lewis, said it was surprising Starmer had thought he could take a “colonial mindset” to the summit and “dictate what could and could not be discussed”.

Diane Abbott, the first Black woman to become an MP, co-chaired the conference in London. She said the Labour party previously had plans to establish a national reparations commission but Starmer “seems to have forgotten that”.

“Reparations isn’t about the past, it is about the here and now,” she said. “The descendants of African slaves and colonised peoples continue to suffer from the consequences generations later.

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“Real reparations aren’t just about compensation, they’re a way of tackling colonialism’s damaging legacy of racism and inequality. They are about the total system change and repair needed to heal, empower and restore dignity.”

At the conclusion of the Commonwealth heads of government meeting (Chogm), the leaders resolved that “the time has come” for a conversation on reparatory justice.

A document signed by the 56 leaders, including Starmer, stated it was time for a “meaningful, truthful and respectful conversation” about justice for the transatlantic trade in enslaved Africans and chattel enslavement, with the aim of forging “a common future based on equity”.

Ribeiro-Addy, who chairs the all-party parliamentary group for Afrikan Representation, said: “I’m very proud those nations refused to be silenced.”

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In a press conference after the summit, Starmer downplayed the significance of the paragraph in the document that called for a conversation about reparatory justice, telling reporters it was a small part of “quite a long communique”.

“None of the discussions have been about money. Our position is very, very clear in relation to that,” he said. He added that the issue would be revisited when a delegation of Caribbean nations visits the UK next year.

Last week, amid mounting pressure, a source in No 10 told the Guardian that the UK could support some forms of reparatory justice, such as restructuring financial institutions and providing debt relief.

“There is a general sense that these multilateral institutions give out loans to developing countries then charge large interest rates for repayments,” the source said.

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CCTV appears to show Labour MP punching man to the ground

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CCTV appears to show Labour MP punching man to the ground

CCTV footage has emerged appearing to show Labour MP Mike Amesbury punching a man to the ground.

In footage obtained by the Daily Mail, the Runcorn and Helsby MP is apparently seen continuing to hit the man as he lies in the street.

It comes after a different video, posted on X, purported to show Amesbury shouting and swearing at the man lying in the street in Frodsham, Cheshire.

In that clip, Amesbury can be heard shouting: “You won’t threaten the MP ever again, will you?”

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Both Amesbury and the Labour Party have been contacted for their response.

It is not clear what happened in the build-up to the moments caught on film.

In a statement issued before the Daily Mail footage emerged, Cheshire Police said: “At 02:48 BST on Saturday 26 October police were called to reports of an assault in Frodsham.

“A caller reported he had been assaulted by a man in Main Street. Enquiries are ongoing.”

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Posting on his own Facebook page on Saturday, the 55-year-old backbencher said: “Last night I was involved in an incident that took place after I felt threatened following an evening out with friends.

“This morning I contacted Cheshire Police myself to report what happened.

“I will not be making any further public comment but will of course cooperate with any inquiries if required by Cheshire Police.”

Amesbury has been a Labour MP in Cheshire since 2017 and served as a shadow minister between 2018 and 2024.

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In the July general election he won his constituency with a majority of 14,696.

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Cutting off Unrwa would deeply harm Israel’s reputation, says UK minister | Foreign policy

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Israel’s reputation as a democracy would be “deeply harmed” if the Knesset pressed ahead with bills this week that would end all Israeli government cooperation with the Palestinian relief agency Unrwa, the UK’s Middle East minister has said.

Hamish Falconer said such a move at a time when the humanitarian crisis in Gaza was catastrophic and worsening would “neither be in Israel’s interest or realistic”.

His remarks are the strongest criticism yet by a western government minister of the legislation, which could be voted on as early as this week unless the Israeli prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, intervenes.

He was speaking as a joint statement was released from seven European foreign ministries, including the UK’s, urging Israel to drop the proposed bill, saying: “It is crucial that Unrwa and other UN organisations be fully able to deliver humanitarian aid and their assistance to those who need it most, fulfilling their mandates effectively.”

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Falconer demanded that more aid be allowed to enter Gaza and said too many civilians were being killed in Israeli attacks on Hamas in Gaza. He was speaking at a conference in London convened by the Israeli newspaper Haaretz.

Falconer said the measures taken by the Labour government so far did not indicate any decline in Labour support for the state of Israel, but his remarks were as sharp as any delivered by a Labour minister.

He said: “We are deeply concerned by legislation currently under consideration by the Israeli Knesset which would critically undermine Unrwa. It is neither in Israel’s interest nor realistic.

“Given the agency’s vital role in delivering aid and essential services at a time when more aid should be getting into Gaza, it is deeply harmful to Israel’s international reputation as a democratic country that its lawmakers are taking steps that would make the delivering of food, water, medicines and healthcare more difficult.”

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He added: “The international community are clear that Unrwa and other humanitarian organisations must be fully able to deliver aid.”

Many Israelis regard Unrwa as too closely linked with Hamas and also committed to the Palestinian refugees’ right of return.

Falconer, who has recently been to the Egypt-Gaza border, said humanitarian access to Gaza remained wholly inadequate. “I saw for myself thousands of trucks waiting to cross the border,” he said. “Some had been there for months. There were warehouses full of life-saving items – medical equipment, sleeping bags and tarpaulin for the winter. There have been repeated attacks on humanitarian convoys and the level of aid getting in is far too low.”

He challenged Israel’s military tactics inside Gaza, saying: “Hamas is a brutal terrorist organisation, it hides behind Gazan civilians, but all parties must do everything possible to protect civilians and fully respect international humanitarian law.”

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He said Israel “must protect civilians even if it means making difficult choices. All too often in the pursuit of Hamas we have seen civilians pay the price. The Israeli government must take all necessary precautions to avoid civilian casualties, to ensure aid can flow into Gaza and freely through all humanitarian land routes.”

Falconer also said: “As long as there is little accountability for settler violence, the government will consider further actions.”

Warning that the risk of further escalation could not be exaggerated, he called for calmer heads to prevail and urged Iran not to retaliate for Saturday’s Israeli attack. The death of the Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar presented an opportunity for a new chapter, he said, and no military solution existed to the crisis.

Speaking at the same event via video link, the former UK prime minister Tony Blair said: “Hamas cannot be allowed to continue to govern Gaza, and Israel will need to pull back to allow the development of a different governance structure for Gaza that would then enable reconstruction to take place.”

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Blair said he knew that many in Israel doubted Gaza could ever be run differently, and many assumed a “higher level of support for Hamas than exists in reality”.

He said polls commissioned in August by the Tony Blair Institute showed that the most popular choice was an administration of Gaza representatives with international oversight and linked to the Palestinian Authority. He said the poll showed that in the West Bank there was strong agreement behind moderate to deep reform of the Palestinian Authority.

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Education secretary ‘open minded’ on England smacking ban

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Is Reform UK's plan to get Farage into No 10 mission impossible?
Getty Images Little girl with bunches looking out a large window, inside a green wooden hut. Getty Images

The education secretary has said she is “open minded” to a ban on smacking children in England, but that there are no imminent plans to change the law.

It comes after fresh calls for a ban in England by Children’s Commissioner Dame Rachel de Souza, who suggested adopting similar measures already in place in Scotland and Wales.

Asked if she supports that proposal, Bridget Phillipson told the BBC’s Laura Kuenssberg that the government is “considering it” but legislation would not be brought forward “any time soon”.

Children’s charity the NSPCC called on new legislation “as soon as possible” as there was “mounting evidence” that physically disciplining children could be “damaging”.

Speaking on Sunday morning, Phillipson said she was keen to hear from Dame Rachel and other experts “on how [a ban] would work”.

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She added that she thought “we do need to look at how we keep children safe”.

Phillipson added that the upcoming Children’s Wellbeing Bill, which is expected to be introduced “by the end of the year”, will address many of the issues relating to children’s care and safeguarding.

Anna Edmundson, head of policy at the NSPCC, told the BBC that calls had tripled to the charity’s helpline from adults concerned about the use of physical punishment on children.

In a statement she added: “That is why we want the Government to legislate as soon as possible to give children in England the same protection from assault afforded to adults and already in place for children in Scotland and Wales.”

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Other charities, including Barnardo’s, have also long called for an English smacking ban and two-thirds of English people polled by YouGov in March last year said physically disciplining a child is not acceptable.

Bridget Phillipson appears on set with Laura Kuenssberg. They are both sitting on red chairs and appear to be talking. The Education Secretary wears a dark pink dress with a memorial poppy pin attached.

Bridget Phillipson on Sunday with Laura Kuenssberg

In England and Northern Ireland it is legal for a carer or parent to discipline their child physically if it is a “reasonable” punishment – but the Children Act 2004 made it illegal to assault a child causing actual or grievous bodily harm.

The previous Conservative government argued parents should be trusted to discipline their children and there were “clear laws in place” to prevent violence.

The Department for Education told the BBC earlier this week that it was now “looking closely” at the law changes made in Scotland and Wales, which came into force in 2020 and 2022 respectively, to see whether more could be done in England.

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Posting on X last week, Dame Rachel said a ban on any kind of corporal punishment, including smacking, hitting, slapping and shaking, could stop lower level violence from escalating.

“If we are serious about keeping every child safe, it’s time England takes this necessary step,” she said.

“Too many children have been harmed or killed at the hands of the people who should love and care for them most.”

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David Amess’s daughter says Prevent anti-terror scheme ‘isn’t fit for purpose’ | UK security and counter-terrorism

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The daughter of the murdered MP David Amess has criticised Home Office failures that meant her father’s killer was unmonitored for years before the attack, saying the Prevent programme “isn’t fit for purpose”.

Speaking to the Sunday Times, Katie Amess condemned the fact her father’s killer was known to authorities but his case was closed due to “an admin error”.

“We know the guy did it,” said Katie. “I just want to know how and why he was allowed to … What has been changed to ensure that this never happens again and that another family doesn’t have to go through the absolute heartbreak and trauma that has just shattered our world?

“My father gave 40 years of his life, day in, day out, to his people and his country. He is owed the decency and the respect to find out where he was failed.”

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Ali Harbi Ali was convicted of stabbing Amess to death on 15 October 2021 at a church in Leigh-on-Sea, Essex, where the Conservative MP had been holding an advice surgery for people in his Southend West constituency.

It was later revealed that Ali had been referred to the government’s anti-radicalisation Prevent programme, and then for more intensive support through the Channel counter-terrorism programme before his case was closed. He went on to spend at least two years researching which MP to murder.

He told police he had carried out the killing because he was angered by western actions in Syria and saw himself as a soldier of Islamic State.

Katie Amess says the family was told ‘an admin error’ meant her father’s killer was left unmonitored. Photograph: Geoff Pugh/Shutterstock

Katie Amess said the family were told Ali’s case was not followed up in the programme “due to an admin error” that meant a second meeting with the then 18-year-old did not take place.

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The newspaper reported that Lincoln Brookes, the senior coroner for Essex, said there had been “some shortcomings” in the Prevent programme and Ali’s case was closed even though problems had not been addressed.

Brookes said “record-keeping is problematic and the rationale for certain decisions was not explicit” and “an opportunity to assess whether or not any progress had been made was missed”.

However, the coroner concluded the programme would not necessarily have prevented the attack and that it “would be speculative to assume that national security services do, should or could, detect and track every Islamic State sympathiser”.

Amess’s family pushed for an inquest to consider the state’s failings in the run-up to Ali’s attack, but in July Brookes ruled there was not enough evidence to justify holding one.

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Katie Amess, an actor who lives in California, said she had been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder, while her mother, Julia, 70, who was married to Amess for nearly 40 years, moved out of the family home of three decades in Southend because it was too painful to stay.

“It’s just the most unbearable, unspeakable pain. We’ve lost a great, great man who can’t be replaced. Now I just want to make him proud by fighting back against being told no to something that we should be allowed to know. I can’t accept this,” she said.

“He was reported. People were trying to help us. And so why was he allowed to just go on and do whatever he wanted for seven years? What happened to my dad should not have been an admin error.”

The family wants greater protection for all MPs and is pushing for more answers about what happened to Amess, and how his killer evaded authorities for so long.

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“It’s pretty obvious that Prevent isn’t fit for purpose, it has consistently failed people,” Katie Amess said. “It failed me. It failed my family catastrophically, it failed the public and also it failed other members of parliament.”

A Home Office spokesperson said: “Our thoughts continue to be with Sir David Amess’ family and friends. The attack on Sir David Amess was an awful tragedy, the safety of members of parliament is paramount and significant work has been taken forward in response to his tragic killing.

“Prevent is a vital tool to stop people from becoming terrorists or supporting terrorism and tackles all ideological causes of terrorism.”

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