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Why Ferrari thinks F1’s wind tunnel rules could be “game-changer” for 2026

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Ferrari boss Fred Vasseur thinks that Formula 1’s aerodynamic testing restrictions could be a “game-changer” next year if teams deliberately write off the season to gain an advantage for 2026.

F1 is approaching its next rules era in two years’ time, when revamped turbo hybrid engines with increased battery power will be matched with all-new aerodynamic regulations.

The wholesale change coming means teams are already unlikely to commit to major redesigns for next year, because they do not want to divert too much resource from the next generation cars.

However, Vasseur thinks that some squads could even be minded to sacrifice their performance over the course of next season to give themselves maximum wind tunnel development time for 2026 – which could prove to be a significant gain.

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Speaking about if the aerodynamic testing rules, which apply a sliding scale of allowance based on constructors’ championship positions, could prove decisive in dictating the speed of teams, Vasseur said that the situation would be totally different to how it is now.

“It’s not critical in this period if someone has an advantage and is given more [wind tunnel] runs,” he said. “That is because today we are making such small progress each run.

Frederic Vasseur, Team Principal and General Manager, Scuderia Ferrari, Christian Horner, Team Principal, Red Bull Racing

Frederic Vasseur, Team Principal and General Manager, Scuderia Ferrari, Christian Horner, Team Principal, Red Bull Racing

Photo by: Mark Sutton / Motorsport Images

“But the game-changer could be ’26 because you could have some teams that are perhaps not fighting for the championship next year that decide: ‘Okay, for ’25 we don’t care if we are Px [in the constructors’] and we don’t care if we are x plus two or x minus two. We will just go full on the ’26 project.

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“If you are fighting for something, you will have the temptation to do more for ’25 plus, [and] on the top [of that], the other teams already have more, because they are Px compared to P1 in the table. So the Px will be fully focused on ’26 but the P1 will be split [across the two seasons].”

F1’s ATR dictates the amount of wind tunnel time and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) capacity that can be used for an “aerodynamic testing period” (ATP) of two months, based on championship position.

This is a sliding scale, where the team that finishes first in the championship starts a new period with 70% of the baseline allowance, in 5% increments up to the 115% multiplier for finishing 10th, in an effort to create closer grids.

The tables are reset twice per year based on the constructors’ championship position at that time. One allocation runs from 1 January to 30 June, while the other runs from 1 July to 31 December.

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The current levels, which were decided after this year’s Austrian Grand Prix, are detailed below.

The mid-season reset could be what teams may target, as being lower down halfway through the season could maximise wind tunnel testing for the rest of the year ahead of 2026.

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Should Red Bull sign Colapinto for F1 2025? Our writers have their say

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As Franco Colapinto has impressed the Formula 1 paddock at Williams as a mid-season replacement for Logan Sargeant, there has been plenty of calls to keep him on the grid for 2025.

But with no room at the Grove-based squad, as Carlos Sainz comes in alongside Alex Albon, the team has been aiming to help the Argentinian find a spot elsewhere.

Over recent weeks speculation linking him to Red Bull has grown stronger, as pressure continues to mount on Sergio Perez while the team’s junior programme remains disjointed.

So, would Colapinto to Red Bull actually work? Our writers provide their takes.

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Colapinto has attracted plenty of support in South America

Colapinto has attracted plenty of support in South America

Photo by: Zak Mauger / Motorsport Images

Why Colapinto partnering Verstappen isn’t as crazy as it sounds – Alex Kalinauckas

What a journey Franco Colapinto has been on in not even three months of Formula 1. From relative obscurity in Formula 2, to being a candidate to partnxer Max Verstappen at Red Bull in 2025. Such a bold move would be typical Red Bull driver crowbarring, but it’s not quite as out there as it might seem.

First off, there has been genuine consideration within the Red Bull camp for such a move. It is understood to be something team principal Christian Horner is pushing rather than coming from Red Bull motorsport advisor Helmut Marko, who understandably wants Liam Lawson promoted to benefit the Red Bull Junior Team.

But that previously well-oiled machine is now jammed to the extent it’s clearly broken. Adding Colapinto in at the top would allow time for it to be repaired, with Lawson still given a chance to shine in F1 anyway.

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A bigger problem for Red Bull to overcome in any move for Colapinto – at either of its squads – is Williams’s asking price. Rumours have this at $20 million, with Red Bull uninterested in a loan deal for the Argentine.

But, if a deal can be struck, the upsides are considerable for Red Bull.

It is already facing a $20m hit to its prize money for 2024 – given it’s on-track to finish third in the constructors’ championship this year thanks to Sergio Perez failing to get anywhere near close enough to Verstappen, rather than winning as it did in 2022 and 2023. Colapinto also brings sponsors, as Williams is currently enjoying, and massive interest from Latin American.

At the Mexican GP, this writer saw reporters from media outlets in that market arranged several ranks deep every time Colapinto spoke. Plus, interested parties in his home country are already expressing interest in reviving the Argentine Grand Prix. So far, however, it is understood this hasn’t got as far as a formal enquiry being made to Formula One Management about a possible calendar slot…

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Franco Colapinto, Williams FW46

Franco Colapinto, Williams FW46

Photo by: Zak Mauger / Motorsport Images

While neither Lawson or Colapinto have historical baggage with Verstappen that might risk upsetting the Dutchman and his camp at Red Bull, there is little to separate them on pure speed either. In terms of their gaps to their current team-mates, Albon is on average 0.179s quicker than Colapinto in qualifying (based on dry sessions only, capped at the point either driver exited) and Yuki Tsunoda is just 0.034s ahead of Lawson by the same metric.

And neither is a certain to be any upgrade on Perez. But this is where driver mental resilience comes into consideration. This is the reason Red Bull won’t promote Tsunoda from RB – it doesn’t think he’ll be able to handle the demands of being team-mate to a true F1 great.

In his six grand prix weekends so far, Colapinto has proved he can cut it with much less prep, even compared to Lawson. He’s gone from shaking slightly facing the media at Monza to a somewhat swaggering paddock presence, which isn’t meant negatively. Crashes such as those he had in Brazil – including an awkward one behind the safety car – can’t continue, however.

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Yes, the pressure is off to a certain extent given technically all the seats for 2025 are already gone, but he’s still handling the F1 pressure cooker remarkably well.

This is key for Red Bull. All it needs is a team-mate to get closer to Verstappen – say, with such an average gap as Colapinto has to Albon – and be able to handle the burden of being pushed relentlessly hard from across the garage and, potentially, beaten all the time.

Based on what he’s shown so far, Colapinto could well be the answer to a problem Red Bull has struggled to solve ever since Daniel Ricciardo walked out back in 2018.

Colapinto has put in strong performances that have attracted the attention of Red Bull

Colapinto has put in strong performances that have attracted the attention of Red Bull

Photo by: Sam Bloxham / Motorsport Images

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Ignoring the hype, Colapinto isn’t ready for Red Bull… yet – Oleg Karpov

Hype is a funny thing. It’s great because it can open a lot of doors. But when it’s gone, they tend to close just as quickly.

There’s definitely a lot of hype around Franco Colapinto right now, and the very fact that Red Bull’s team boss is even considering the Argentinian for 2025 says a lot about the shock waves he’s sent through the paddock since his sudden and unexpected arrival on the F1 grid at Monza.

Because it’s not just Colapinto who’s arrived in F1, it’s the whole country with him in the form of stickers on Williams cars, an avalanche of Argentine fans invading Sao Paulo and Williams’ social media channels, and Argentine politicians suddenly talking about F1. Politicians wouldn’t be politicians if they didn’t try to jump on the hype bandwagon, would they?

This constant noise around Colapinto is great for everyone. Williams, F1 itself – and it can still do a lot of good for any team that signs him up for 2025.

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But if Colapinto does join Red Bull, it will be him sharing the garage with Max Verstappen, not the fans and politicians (although stickers may follow), and there’s simply no evidence yet that he’s ready for one of the toughest jobs in F1. It’s not even that it’s too early for Colapinto to jump into one of the best cars on the grid, although that’s probably a valid argument too – there’s just not enough factual data to prove he’s up to the task.

From what we’ve seen of Colapinto so far, it’s safe to say that he’s a better match for Alex Albon than Logan Sargeant. It should also be taken into account that Williams also improved in the second half of the championship, but making it to Q3 and scoring his first points in Baku was impressive. Being ahead of Albon in qualifying also added to the overall excitement, but there’s also the hard fact that Albon didn’t actually get to do his final lap due to the team’s mistake.

Colapinto has shown flashes of speed but also suffered some setbacks

Colapinto has shown flashes of speed but also suffered some setbacks

Photo by: Andrew Ferraro / Motorsport Images

The weekend in Singapore was also decent, and scoring points in Austin is definitely worth highlighting. But does that mean he’s ready for a top car? Of course not. It’s probably enough to say that he’s proven that he’s good enough to be in F1. But that’s about it. At least for now.

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The circumstances of his debut, jumping into the car mid-season, make for a better overall impression although he’s not the first rookie in F1 to have done well when thrown into the sea to swim recently, and we should probably stop being so surprised at how the new generation of drivers cope with such challenges.

Nowadays, it’s usually time that tells you more. There was a lot of hype around Yuki Tsunoda after his first race in Bahrain, and Nyck de Vries’ spectacular performance at Monza in 2022 earned him praise for the next few months, before the hype train stopped and went into reverse after just a handful of races in 2023.

Colapinto still has a lot to prove. Qualifying margins against Albon in Italy and Mexico are less talked about now. So are crashes. But that’s the nature of today’s media landscape, where Sargeant would have been eaten alive for crashing under the safety car and yet for Colapinto, still in his honeymoon phase in F1, there are still excuses.

The fact that Horner is even considering hiring Colapinto probably says more about the extent of Red Bull’s driver problem than it does about Colapinto’s F1 debut. If it were for sporting reasons alone, Horner would probably be walking into the Williams hospitality to talk to James Vowles about some other driver, be it Carlos Sainz or even Albon. Because if those in the Verstappen camp really can’t abide the idea of a 2015 Toro Rosso reunion, it’s surely Albon who should be higher up on Horner’s list of drivers to buy from Williams. He’s been there before, he knows what it’s like to be next to Verstappen but he’s got a lot more experience now.

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But F1 isn’t always about performance. There are probably other reasons why Colapinto is on Horner’s radar. And there’s a good chance he could help Red Bull keep its Latin American sponsors happy in the event of Perez’s release. But whether he can be an asset from a sporting point of view is a question that is impossible to answer at the moment.

Colapinto could be a future superstar. It’s just that there’s little evidence to back up that claim right now.

Will Colapinto say goodbye to F1 at the end of the year?

Will Colapinto say goodbye to F1 at the end of the year?

Photo by: Zak Mauger / Motorsport Images

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Fenestraz close to securing 2025 Super Formula drive after Formula E exit

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Sacha Fenestraz is poised for a return to Super Formula in 2025 with Toyota’s flagship TOM’S team, Motorsport.com understands.

The Franco-Argentinian driver is set to replace Ukyo Sasahara in the #37 TOM’S car as part of a wider deal with Toyota that would also see him race in SUPER GT next season.

Fenestraz admitted when speaking to Motorsport.com in the wake of the news that Nissan would be replacing him with Norman Nato in Formula E that returning to Japanese motorsport was his most likely option.

Both Toyota and Nissan are understood to have made Fenestraz offers to race in Super Formula and SUPER GT, where he raced in 2020-22 before moving to Formula E.

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Nissan’s Japanese arm – which is almost entirely separate from its European-based Formula E operation – was prepared to offer Fenestraz a seat in its works NISMO SUPER GT squad, plus his old Super Formula berth at Kondo Racing.

But Fenestraz’s unhappiness with the way his Formula E tenure ended, with Nissan dropping him with two years left to run on his contract, is thought to have been a factor in him pursuing a reunion with Toyota.

Sacha Fenestraz, KONDO RACING

Sacha Fenestraz, KONDO RACING

Photo by: Masahide Kamio

Sasahara’s immediate Super Formula future is unclear after a difficult season in which he failed to score points, while team-mate Tsuboi took the title.

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However, he has been linked to the second seat at Kondo Racing, and could be handed a chance to audition to replace incumbent Kazuto Kotaka, who had a similarly difficult year.

Few other changes are expected in the Toyota stable, with the Inging, KCMG and Rookie Racing teams all looking set for unchanged line-ups.

Team Impul is likely to promote Toyota junior Hibiki Taira to a full-time drive after he was drafted in to fill the seat vacated by Theo Pourchaire for three weekends this year.

Fraga favourite to replace Yamamoto at Nakajima Racing

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Igor Fraga has emerged as the frontrunner to take over the seat vacated by three-time champion Naoki Yamamoto, who announced his retirement from Super Formula earlier this month.

Gran Turismo esports star Fraga has spent this season as a reserve driver for Nakajima Racing, which followed the relaunch of his real-life racing career in Super Formula Lights in 2023 and SUPER GT’s lower GT300 class.

The former Red Bull junior previously won the Toyota Racing Series in 2020, beating current Formula 1 drivers Liam Lawson and Franco Colapinto to the title, but was released from the energy drink giant’s scheme after just one season amid a difficult campaign in FIA Formula 3.

He then spent two seasons focused only on his virtual racing activities before relocating to Japan, where he was born to Brazilian parents and spent the early part of his life.

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Fraga is poised to drive for Nakajima Racing in next month’s rookie test at Suzuka, in what could be regarded as a final audition for a promotion to a race drive.

Iwasa poised to continue with Mugen

Ayumu Iwasa, TEAM MUGEN

Ayumu Iwasa, TEAM MUGEN

Photo by: Masahide Kamio

Elsewhere, Ayumu Iwasa looks set to stay on at Team Mugen for a second season despite the team’s relationship with Red Bull coming to an end.

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Iwasa finished fifth overall in his rookie season with three second-place finishes in between his commitments for Red Bull’s F1 teams, which included a first FP1 outing with RB in April’s Japanese Grand Prix at Suzuka.

Red Bull advisor Helmut Marko previously stated in an interview with Motorsport.com’s Japanese edition that he expected Iwasa to stay in Super Formula in 2025.

Meanwhile, Honda junior Shun Koide may be handed the chance to step up to Super Formula next year, as he leads the Super Formula Lights standings with one round to go.

Koide appears to be a candidate to replace Iori Kimura at B-Max Racing, although there is still a possibility that he could figure in Nakajima Racing’s plans.

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The line-ups for the Suzuka rookie test on December 11-13 are likely to provide a strong indication of who will drive where in 2025.

Kamui Kobayashi is expected to miss the test for KCMG as he attends the FIA Prize Giving gala in Kigali, Rwanda, even though it looks likely he will continue to race for the team.

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Ferrari admits it was late to party on flexi wings in F1

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Ferrari has admitted it was late to the party in exploiting the benefits of Formula 1’s flexi wing tricks because it was convinced the FIA would clamp down on the practice.

F1 teams have found that exploiting aero elasticity on front wings with the current generation of cars can be a powerful tool in getting rid of an inherent trait for low-speed understeer and high-speed oversteer that the ground effect machines have.

The balance gains for a well optimised flexi front wing can be noticeable, and that is why teams like McLaren and Mercedes have made notable steps when optimising their designs throughout this season.

Ferrari has itself adopted a new flexi front wing design since the Singapore Grand Prix to seek its own performance boost in this area, and that has coincided with a return to form for the Italian manufacturer which included wins in the United States and Mexico.

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Reflecting on why it was so late to aggressively pursue the concept, Ferrari team principal Fred Vasseur has explained that it stalled because of its belief that a move by the FIA to investigate flexi wing behaviours from the Belgian Grand Prix would result in the activity being made more restrictive.

Instead, as Ferrari subsequently found out, the FIA adopted the stance that it was happy with what teams were up to and it has made it clear that it sees no reason to change the rules.

Speaking to Motorsport.com about the flexi wing situation, Vasseur said: “There was frustration because at one stage we were waiting for the decision of the FIA when they installed the cameras [from the Belgian GP].

“We were convinced that it will go for the ‘no go’. And it went for the ‘go’! So probably we lost one or two months.”

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Charles Leclerc, Ferrari SF-24

Charles Leclerc, Ferrari SF-24

Photo by: Zak Mauger / Motorsport Images

Vasseur said that Ferrari’s decision to hold fire in pursuing a front wing design that could exploit aero elasticity better was also influenced by the fact that F1’s cost cap restriction meant it could not afford to push on and work on it if there was a risk it would never be brought in to use.

“It’s difficult because with the cost cap you have to make your choices,” added Vasseur.

“It means that if you are convinced that it won’t be allowed, and you have start to develop something, then it’s costing you a time in the wind tunnel. But it was our decision.”

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From the Belgian GP, the FIA ramped up its analysis of the flexing of front wings on teams, installing new video cameras and extra monitoring stickers to allow it to better understand the dynamics at play.

Speaking recently about what the governing body had found, the FIA’s head of single seaters Nikolas Tombazis said that the conclusion was that because of the variation of approach of teams, it would have been unfair to introduce any change to flexi wing regulations in the short term.

“Because the front wing gets loaded in different ways, we cannot predict it easily in the regulations,” he said.

“As no two wings have exactly the same loading pattern, it is very difficult to come with a proper test.

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“So, as these rules have been around since 2022, we felt it was a bit knee jerk to suddenly say that for 2025 we were going to change it, or indeed change something for 2024.

“But we are using this information we’re gathering to perhaps lead us to something a bit more effective for 2026.”

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Courtney tops opening practice on Thursday

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James Courtney led David Reynolds in the opening practice session of this weekend’s Supercars Championship finale on the streets of Adelaide.

In the Team18 Chevrolet Camaro, Reynolds topped the times early in the session with a 1m19.8388s before Courtney pipped him by 0.155s to take Friday honours in his Blanchard Racing Ford Mustang.

“The car was really good straight out of the gate,” he said. “I was fast on Friday on the Gold Coast but it’s like a win for us, it has been a tough year. It is getting so much faster so we will stiffen the car up.

“It is the only place where we drive these cars where they are on the edge. We love the rush and this place gives you that rush.”

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Reynolds hled the top spot at the beginning before he and his team “changed things and made it slower”, but looks confident going into the weekend.

Third best in the session was Nick Percat in the Matt Stone Racing Chevrolet ahead of another veteran, Will Davison in the Dick Johnson Racing Ford.

Late in the session Chaz Mostert jumped up to fifth for Walkinshaw Andretti United, just ahead of points leader Will Brown. Both Triple Eight Chevrolet drivers mainly focused on set-up and race pace during the session, with Broc Feeney in 13th place.

Seventh fastest in the session was Brodie Kostecki, who was out of the session early after an off caused front damage to his Erebus Motorsport Chevrolet.

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Brown comes into the weekend with a 180-point lead over Feeney, the only other driver in title contention. With 150 points on offer for a win in each race, even if Feeney wins for the sixth time on Saturday and Brown finishes fourth, the latter can seal the title in the finale provided he finishes 24th or higher (out of 25 starters).

The Supercars will be back in action on Friday, with the drivers taking to the track at 1:05pm, Australian Central Daylight Savings Time, for a 30-minute practice session. The qualifying session for Saturday’s race will start at 5:30pm, and this will set the grid from 11th onwards.

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Radioactive: Cup Series Championship 'What the f—? F—- this f—–' | NASCAR on FOX

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Radioactive for the NASCAR Cup Series Championship at Phoenix Raceway in Avondale, Arizona.

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FIA approves driver cooling kits from 2025 in F1

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The FIA’s Formula 1 Commission has approved the introduction of driver cooling kits for the 2025 season, to be used in extreme heat conditions.

Driver cooling has become a topic since the 2023 Qatar Grand Prix, with several drivers suffering from symptoms of heat exhaustion after the chequered flag.

As first reported by Motorsport.com in July, the FIA and all F1 teams initiated research to improve the venting and cooling of drivers in such extreme conditions.

Initial proposals involved fitting a simplified air conditioning system to the cars but while exact technical details are yet to emerge, Motorsport.com understands the solution now agreed between the FIA, F1 and all teams involves a simplified system that no longer requires an AC unit.

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The system will only be mandated by the FIA in extreme heat conditions, with the minimum weight of the cars increased correspondingly when applicable.

The Commission also agreed to change the protocol for closing up the grid whenever certain cars don’t make it to the start of a race. The issue came up in Brazil when Williams driver Alex Albon failed to make the start after a heavy crash in that morning’s qualifying session, with his team unable to repair the car due to the compressed timetable.

Mechanics clear the grid prior to the start

Mechanics clear the grid prior to the start

Photo by: Zak Mauger / Motorsport Images

Albon’s car was withdrawn long before the race, but per the existing grid protocols the definitive starting grid had already been set and his seventh place on the grid was still left vacated.

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Motorsport.com understands the FIA will now tighten up its procedure by forming the final grid one hour before the start at the latest. That means cars that are withdrawn up to 75 minutes before the start will be not be included in the final grid, and the following cars can all move up the relevant positions to close up the grid.

During the Geneva meeting the Commission, which was chaired by the FIA’s head of single-seaters Nikolas Tombazis and F1 CEO Stefano Domenicali, also tidied up elements of the 2025 financial rules, approving expanded exemptions against the cost cap for costs relating to sustainability initiatives.

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The meeting discussed the progress that has been made on the 2026 technical regulations to improve the performance levels by increasing downforce, as recently explained by Tombazis. The statement said the FIA is confident that the much-discussed technical regulations for 2026 will be ready in time for approval by the FIA World Motor Sport Council after the conclusion of the 2024 season.

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There have also been revisions to the FIA sporting regulations to incorporate gender-neutral language, removing certain masculine pronouns and other gendered language. Similar tweaks had already been made to the sporting regulations of F2 and F3 late last year.

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