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Your favorite old ChatGPT models are going away

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OpenAI is officially removing several older language models from its ChatGPT interface as of February 13, 2026, marking a significant shift in how users interact with its AI. The retirement affects several models, including GPT-4o, GPT-4.1, GPT-4.1 mini, and OpenAI o4-mini, alongside previously announced retirements of GPT-5 Instant and GPT-5 Thinking variants. These changes apply to the ChatGPT product itself, while access via API remains unchanged for the time being.

Known for its expressive tone, multilingual capabilities, and multimodal features, GPT-4o was temporarily brought back after user pushback during the GPT-5 rollout last year. But with most users already gravitating toward newer versions like GPT-5.2, OpenAI says it’s time to sunset these older systems and concentrate its development efforts on more current technology.

What’s changing and why it matters

The official retirement means that from today forward, these legacy models simply won’t be selectable in the ChatGPT model menu for everyday users. Conversations you’ve had that relied on a now-retired model will automatically default to a newer model, like GPT-5.2, moving forward. For custom applications, workflows, and saved chats, the behaviour will remain seamless from the user’s perspective, though behind the scenes, the model powering those interactions will shift.

I see people trying find “a new home” for their 4o friend, but sadly the architecture is not the same on other platforms. It’s playing pretend. It’s trying to replace your puppy with another puppy. Doesn’t work that way. We need to keep fighting for our true 4o! #keep4o

— Joe Williams (@JoeWilliams010) February 2, 2026

OpenAI says the move isn’t taken lightly. Feedback from users who favoured GPT-4o’s particular style and warmth helped shape features in its newer models, like the personality and customisation options in GPT-5.1 and GPT-5.2. However, overall usage of the older systems had dwindled to the point where only a fraction of daily users still opted for them. That said, there is a section of the user base that genuinely relied on the emotional support of the 4o model, and they seem to be quite devastated.

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I loved 4o because I felt like I was accepted as I was, I could ask unusual questions and nobody would get tired of me. I could ask for guidance and nobody would get frustrated with me. I could build daily routines which increased my productivity exponetially. I could be me…

— Goph (@gopherandegg) January 31, 2026

There’s also a practical side to this transition. From a safety and maintenance standpoint, having fewer legacy models to support means fewer resources spent on patching, hosting, and updating code for systems most people no longer use. Looking at the bigger picture, though, this change underscores how fast the world of generative AI continues to move. Models come, users adopt them, and eventually even popular systems give way to advances that promise better speed, smarter responses, and more nuanced interaction. Even if some longtime fans aren’t quite ready to say goodbye.

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Hands-on: Acer Veriton GN100 AI mini PC workstation

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We spend hours testing every product or service we review, so you can be sure you’re buying the best. Find out more about how we test.

I’m not going to get to have the Acer Veriton GN100 for long, so this is more of a hands-on discussion than an actual review.

My first reaction, out of the box, to the Acer Veriton GN100 is that it all seems remarkably familiar. An elegant mini-PC style case with a car-grill aesthetic, a selection of USB-C ports alongside a 10GbE LAN port and the mercurial NVIDIA ConnectX-7 SmartNIC.

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600% Memory Price Surge Threatens Telcos’ Broadband Router, Set-Top Box Supply

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Telecom operators planning aggressive fiber and fixed wireless broadband rollouts in 2026 face a serious supply problem — DRAM and NAND memory prices for consumer applications have surged more than 600% over the past year as higher-margin AI server segments absorb available capacity, according to Counterpoint Research.

Routers, gateways and set-top boxes have been hit hardest, far worse than smartphones; prices for “consumer memory” used in broadband equipment jumped nearly 7x over the last nine months, compared to 3x for mobile memory. Memory now makes up more than 20% of the bill of materials in low-to-mid-end routers, up from around 3% a year ago. Counterpoint expects prices to keep rising through at least June 2026. Telcos that were also looking to push AI-enabled customer premises equipment — requiring even more compute and memory content — face additional headwinds.

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Claude is leveling up against Gemini and ChatGPT with powerful free tools

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Anthropic just made some of the most powerful tools in Claude available to everyone for free. Features that were once locked behind paid tiers, such as file creation, connectors, and custom skills, can now be accessed by all users without a subscription.

We’re bringing some of Claude’s most-used features to the free plan.

File creation, connectors, and skills are all now available without a subscription. pic.twitter.com/6EjrwLTWVQ

— Claude (@claudeai) February 11, 2026

The move significantly raises the baseline for what people can expect from a free AI assistant. By making advanced tools free and keeping the experience ad-free, Anthropic is positioning Claude as a serious alternative to ChatGPT and Gemini, especially for users who want useful features without committing to a subscription.

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A closer look at Claude’s new free tools

File creation

One of the most notable upgrades is the ability to create files directly from a Claude conversation. Free users can now ask Claude to generate PowerPoint decks, spreadsheets, PDFs, or Word documents from simple prompts.

For instance, asking for a budget plan can instantly produce a usable spreadsheet with formulas. It can also outline points for a presentation and generate a ready-made slide deck, inside the same chat window.

Connectors

Connectors let Claude plug directly into the apps you already use, giving it real context instead of just isolated prompts. Once a connection is set up, Claude can pull in information from services like Google Drive, Gmail, calendars, GitHub, or design tools such as Canva and Figma.

This means you no longer have to copy and paste data. Claude will automatically review documents, reference emails or schedules, and even help you inside work platforms like Slack.

Custom Skills

With custom skills, you can shape how Claude responds to repetitive tasks, effectively turning it into a more personalized assistant. You can teach the AI assistant to draft emails in your style, format reports according to specific guidelines, or follow your workflow preferences across different tasks.

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Instead of telling Claude each time what to do, you can define a specific set of instructions once and reuse them whenever needed.

Anthropic has also extended conversation length for free users, so you can now chat longer without hitting the limit. In addition to this, Claude also gets improved voice and image search features, along with a more interactive interface.

OpenAI recently stirred debate by introducing ads to its free and lower-cost ChatGPT plans. In response, Anthropic took a dig at ChatGPT by running high-profile ads that highlighted Claude’s ad-free approach.

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12 Cool DIY Crafting Gadgets You Didn’t Know You Needed

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We may receive a commission on purchases made from links.

DIY is not only incredibly rewarding (most of the time), it’s also one of the best ways to save you some money when taking on home improvement jobs or renovations (especially if you avail yourself of all the best cheap tools that are actually worth buying). However, while the hands-on nature of these projects makes them satisfying, it can also bring moments that aren’t as fun.

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Luckily with technology influencing just about every market it can by 2026, there are plenty of ways you can help reduce the time spent on the monotonous side of DIY. Whether you’re taking on large projects or small intricate crafting, there’s almost certainly a gadget that can save you a heap of time without spending too much money on them. Particularly if you’re taking it on solo, having as much help as you can get can go a long, long way in getting better results faster. Here’s a look at 12 gadgets that may have gone under your radar.

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Digital Angle Finder Protractor

Beyond having all the essential power tools for woodworking or metalworking, virtually every project depends on having the ability to measure and cut at angles reliably. The protractor isn’t exactly a new tool, but as is the case with the majority of analog tools, technology has crept into the fold and streamlined even the smallest in the box.

While standard protractors will always do a great job, a digital angle finder protractor can offer a much more accurate, reliable way to measure any cut and join you need. There’s plenty of choice out there for one of these gadgets, but the most popular products all feature two ruler arms connected with a locking screw, which can be rotated 360 degrees. Amazon is unsurprisingly a great place to pick one of these up, with the highly-rated protractor made by GemRed having an accuracy rating of +0.3 degrees. They also aren’t too expensive, often priced between $15 and $40, depending on what size you need.

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Electric Engraving Pen

One of the more niche products on this list, but also one of the most useful, is an electric engraving pen. Especially if your DIY project is one you want to personalize to the fullest, picking up one of these can offer a great deal of intricacy while saving you money compared to larger machines. And, of course, plenty of time instead of engraving the old-fashioned way.

This gadget can work on a variety of materials, including wood, glass, and metal. Pricing varies quite a bit with engraving pens, ranging from around $20 for more affordable ones up to $70 for top-end versions. What’s consistent with the majority of pens, though, is the expansive attachments for different designs. A three-speed motor is also featured in many of the tools, which is a feature that buyers tend to find incredibly useful. While other tools later on this list can also handle engraving, going for a purpose-built engraving pen will allow for more accuracy and better ergonomics for the specific task.

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UV Resin Curing Light

If you make things like jewelry or functional home decor products like coasters, resin is something you’re likely familiar with. You may have experience working with different types of it. Epoxy resin is the most popular variety, but if you’re going to be making smaller items and don’t want to wait hours for it to dry, UV resin is often a top choice.

Epoxy can cure in any condition through a chemical reactions, the name suggests, UV resin needs UV light to cure. To speed up the process dramatically, purchasing a UV curing system can finish your projects in minutes or even less. While you will need to buy the specific type of resin along with the light, some of the smaller products are priced as low as $15.99 on Amazon. Larger lights can get to double that, but still don’t cost too much considering how much time it can save you in the long run.

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Laser Measuring Tool

A common theme with quite a few of the products on this list is how they take traditional tools and streamline them with technology. The next of these is the tape measure. Similar to the digital angle finder, a laser measuring tool can retain the hands-on accuracy of a standard tape measure, but help you massively if you’re working on a solo project that could do with an extra set of hands from time to time. Especially if you work on larger pieces, gone are the days when you have to stretch from end to end to make sure you get the measurements right.

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Now, you can simply put a laser measuring tool down on a surface, point it to where you want to measure to, and it’ll provide you with an accurate reading of the space between. If you’re planning on fixing something that’s hard to reach, or you’re looking for something reliable to add to a beginner set of DIY tools, this kind of gadget is affordable and easy to use (though it’s less effective outdoors in direct sunlight). 

Popular products come from the likes of Bosch, which can measure up to 165 feet. As for pricing, the popular laser from Bosch costs $49.99 as standard, with many others falling in the same range. Budget options can be picked up for around $20, however.

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Cordless Mini Drill Pen

Keeping on the topic of larger projects, there isn’t a real replacement, or rather, a shortcut, in achieving smooth, accurate holes compared to using a drill. However, most power drills are more the kind of DIY tool you might find at Home Depot — a little big to be considered a gadget, and a little clumsy for fine work. If you’re working on jewelry, accessories, or household items, opting for a miniature drill pen should certainly be one of the gadgets at the top of your list.

These drills look a lot like the electric engraving pens we covered earlier, just with a different function. The design makes them incredibly easy to hold and use. The majority of the most popular models also come with a wide range of drill attachments, as well as a three-speed motor. Some will also have five speed settings if you need a little more power. High-speed steel drill bits are a popular choice, but some products also use titanium-coated bits. On the lower end, a cordless mini drill pen can cost between $20 and $30, but top-spec models can easily approach $100.

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Portable Temperature-Controlled Soldering Iron

Soldering stations aren’t usually the largest of electronic tools, but like drills, they can’t be considered gadgets in the traditional sense. They’re also fairly complex, which usually means expensive, too. Luckily, there’s a popular alternative that can take away all the negatives of the larger machines: a portable temperature-controlled soldering iron. Another pen-shaped gadget in this list, this type of soldering iron allows you to get more up close with the same projects that the larger kits are often used for.

You can also get plug-in soldering irons that don’t come with a station, which can be bought for as low as $20.99 as standard on Amazon. However, to unlock the highest levels of usability, spending more on a rechargeable USB-C iron is worth it. Most of these areas are still temperature-controlled, have rapid heat-up times, and come with a variety of attachments for different projects. Brands such as FNIRSI offer top-spec portable soldering irons, which usually sit between $85 and $120. If you don’t want to spend that much, Amazon has a nice selection of well-reviewed alternatives for about half that.

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Cordless Rotary Tool Kit

A rotary tool kit is essentially a combination of individual gadgets we’ve featured on this list, making it an ideal choice if you’re working on various projects involving drilling and engraving, as well as carving and sanding. Cordless models don’t always come with quite as many attachments as larger plug-in tools, but similar to so many other gadgets on this list, the reduction in size and portability makes up for that.

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If you only need a gadget for a specific task, a product like a mini drill pen or engraving pen would still be the way to go, given the additional attachments you get. But if you either want to experiment with different techniques or don’t want to spend the money for each gadget, this product is essentially a must-have for DIY work. 

To accommodate the number of tasks a rotary kit can handle, they often have five different speed settings. If you go for a budget option that’s still well-equipped, you’ll only have to spend as low as $17.99 on Amazon for a well-reviewed product. The best ones go for around $95 as standard, though, keeping options open if you’re more confident and want better capabilities.

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Digital Caliper

Moving back to the small functional tools that can be put to use no matter what DIY project you’re tackling, there’s another tech-enhanced tool that can offer precise measurements alongside the protractor. A caliper is one of the essential tools when crafting, finding ultra-precise measurements of areas that rulers struggle to find accuracy. Standard caliper will do the job, but a digital caliper can give you another layer of reassurance that you’ve got the correct reading.

Digital calipers are mostly the same as the standard tool, only you have a screen attached to it. Pricing stays low despite this, with some of the best-reviewed products on Amazon currently sitting at $15.98. At the other end of the market, brands like Fowler charge up to $70. Stainless steel is often used for the vernier caliper for extra strength and durability, meaning you’ll get your money’s worth in the long run. The precise measurements, often as low as 0.001 inches, that a digital caliper can provide will make a massive difference to matter what project you’re working on.

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Portable Air Brush Kit

Once you’ve finished putting your project together, plenty of gadgets can streamline the customization aspect as well. Air brush kits are often marketed toward things like nail and face painting, but the easy-to-use and consistent nature of them also makes them ideal for applying a base layer to your crafts. 

It won’t be able to add on more intricate details due to the high pressure, but an airbrush kit will apply a base coat far quicker than if you hand paint it, especially for larger projects. Think scale modeling and home decor. On Amazon, there’s a wide range of portable air brush kits to choose from, with more expensive products integrating things like an LED screen and more standard accessories. If you don’t need anything too flashy, affordable ones priced at around $20 remain competitive with up to 50 PSI and three power settings.

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Electric Scissors

A pair of scissors might not be something you think needs improving, but if your DIY projects often require precise accurate cutting, it’s not always the easiest to keep the line perfectly straight. If that’s something you struggle with, you’ll no doubt understand why electric scissors are considered a must-have for hobby enthusiasts

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Fabrics are often involved with an endless amount of home decor projects, from creating bespoke pillows for your living room or reupholstering furniture. As the name suggests, electric scissors remove the motion of actually cutting things out yourself, which can be super effective with tougher materials like leather and carpet. Some of the best-reviewed models on Amazon have ratings of up to 12,000 RPM, claiming a 50% faster operation compared to a standard pair of scissors. Expect to pay around $50 for a pair of electric scissors, though, but again, if your projects call for it, they can save a massive amount of time while still being incredibly accurate.

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Cricut Joy Compact Cutting Machine

Staying with the engrossing task of cutting things out, there’s another step up from a pair of electric scissors if you want to save even more time, particularly with the more difficult tasks. Enter the Cricut Joy smart cutting machine, which can work with over 50 materials to precisely cut out highly detailed designs with a few button pushes. This is the largest gadget on this list and subsequently the most expensive, but at the time of writing it’s on sale for for $99, down from $179.

The smart cutter works by finalizing your design on Cricut’s app, and it’ll produce hard-to-cut internal items such as stickers, decals, and cards to attach to just about anything you can find. Especially for kids, the Cricut Joy keeps the freedom of choosing what design you want for your DIY project, but removes the finicky process of trying to perfectly cut it out. You can use vinyl, iron-on, leather, and standard paper for more versatility.

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Electric Yarn Winder

Knitting is essentially a non-stop hand and wrist exercise, and while it can be somewhat therapeutic, it can easily cause strain over time. One of its most time-consuming aspects is yarn winding. For this gadget, we’re going back to something that can eliminate the hands-on aspect of a tedious side of crafting so you can focus on actually creating, this time around being an electric yarn winder.

Staring at the tangled mess of yarn won’t get you excited to unravel it all and make a usable cake. With electric winders, it’ll pull in the string and wrap around the cone holder to create an almost-perfect cake ready for use. Owners can’t give enough praise for these, even if you go for an affordable one. On Amazon, you can find some for about $23 on sale at the time of writing, but the majority of the electric winders are priced at $39.99 as standard. As is the case with the majority of the gadgets here, the amount of time saved can easily offset the money you spend on it.

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Nothing opens its first retail store in India

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Nothing, the hardware company backed by Tiger Global, is opening its first retail store in India, its biggest market. The store is located in Bengaluru, where a large chunk of Nothing’s userbase in India is concentrated, the company said.

The new, two-storied location will show off Nothing’s products and other projects. Customers will also be able to buy hardware products and other merchandise from the store and have select items customized.

“We wanted to create a fun space. It is kind of inspired by all the parts that are related to the brand. For instance, the factory: if you buy a product, there’s like a production line where the product comes out. We also show machines where phones go through testing, like USB port testing or water resistance testing. So we just wanted to bring that world together,” the company’s co-founder and CEO Carl Pei said.

The store will feature products from both Nothing and CMF, its budget brand, which it spun off last year. Notably, CMF is headquartered in India and has a joint venture with local Indian ODM (original design manufacturer), Optiemus.

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Pei mentioned that both brands are differentiated in terms of the products they offer, which fall in different price ranges, as well as the audience they target.

“Nothing is more niche with a higher price. CMF is more [targeted towards] mass. You know it’s mass, but it’s not like just off-the-shelf rebrand products that usually what occurs in this price point. They are also products that we put a lot of care into,” he said.

India has been Nothing’s strongest market, with over 2% market share in smartphones, analyst firm IDC told TechCrunch last year. It also noted that Nothing was the fastest-growing brand in the country in Q2 2025, with 85% growth in shipments year-over-year.

Other hardware makers are building aspirational retail stores in India, too. Apple is set to open its sixth store in the country this month, situated in Borivali, Mumbai, for instance.

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This is the first Nothing store outside of London, where the company is headquartered. The startup said that it plans to open two more stores in Tokyo and New York, but didn’t provide timelines for openings.

The company raised $200 million in Series C funding at a $1.3 billion valuation last year, led by Tiger Global, along with investors like GV, Highland Europe, EQT, Latitude, I2BF, and Tapestry. Nothing has raised $450 millon to date.

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New ESA Phi-Lab Ireland launched at Mullingar’s IMR

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ESA Phi-Lab attempts to bridge disruptive research and commercial needs to advance space-enabled innovation in Europe.

Ireland has launched its first European Space Agency (ESA) Phi-Lab at Irish Manufacturing Research (IMR) in Mullingar, Co Westmeath. The new facility, run in collaboration with Amber, the Research Ireland Centre based in Trinity College Dublin, is poised to become Ireland’s national platform for space technology development.

The Irish Government has committed to invest €170m into the ESA over the next five years, and the six-year-long ESA Phi-Lab programme is a flagship element of that wider national commitment. The consortium is co-funded by the ESA and Enterprise Ireland.

First announced last June, the ESA Phi-Lab Ireland is one of 10 centres across Europe. Together, the labs are attempting to bridge disruptive research closer to commercial needs.

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The Phi-Lab network responds to needs from the industry by maturing technologies in advanced manufacturing, materials discovery, AI, quantum and robotics.

The new Mullingar Phi-Lab is expected to accelerate space-enabled innovation, industrial competitiveness and create new high-value jobs. The lab was launched today by the Minister for Enterprise, Tourism and Employment Peter Burke, TD, who unveiled a commemorative plaque at IMR’s Advanced Manufacturing Lab. The plaque was produced using a space-grade additive manufactured material mounted on a local piece of 6,500-year-old Irish bog oak.

“ESA Phi-Lab Ireland strengthens Ireland’s position, and the midlands region, as a hub for advanced research, innovation and high-value enterprise,” commented Minister Burke.

“It demonstrates our long-term commitment to supporting cutting-edge technologies that will drive competitiveness, create skilled jobs and deliver solutions to global challenges, from advanced manufacturing to industrial transformation.

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“The Government’s €170m commitment to ESA over the next five years is about ensuring Ireland plays a leading role in Europe’s space future.”

The Phi-Lab launch comes as the Irish space-tech industry shows signs of rapid growth, with 120 space-active companies currently working with ESA. Meanwhile, an increasing volume of Irish companies are providing technologies and solutions to the commercial space sector globally.

Barry Kennedy, the CEO of IMR, described the new Phi-Lab as a defining moment for Ireland’s innovation landscape.

“Today marks a significant milestone in Ireland’s space and innovation ambition. IMR is proud to lead the launch of ESA Phi-Lab Ireland, establishing it as a national platform for space technology development.

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“This facility positions Ireland at the forefront of European space-enabled innovation, where advanced manufacturing, AI and data-driven technologies can be developed, tested and commercialised for global impact. Ultimately, this is about translating world-class research into real economic and societal value.”

Similar to the Phi-Lab, IMR offers manufacturers a platform to experiment and advance the technologies they use. The organisation offers solutions across automation, robotics, AI and circular production.

Irish space-techs Mbryonics and Ubotica have been picked out as the first two companies to be supported by ESA Phi-Lab Ireland. The two were selected via an open call put out by the Irish Government.

Based out of Galway, Mbryonics specialises in designing and developing photonic satellite communications hardware and software. While Dublin’s Ubotica works to deploy AI technology into space for imaging, data processing and autonomous decision-making.

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Today (13 February), Burke launched a second open call that seeks to fund cutting-edge research in Irish industry across materials discovery and testing to the scaled production optimised for space.

The call is looking for projects from space-active companies seeking to advance their position in the European space market or those hoping to bring their innovations to larger terrestrial markets. The call is also open to projects from companies that have previously never considered their products for space.

“With ESA Phi‑Lab Ireland, ESA is investing in the technologies that will elevate the future of Europe’s space sector, strengthening industrial competitiveness while ensuring that innovation for space delivers value far beyond it,” said Dietmar Pilz, the director of technology at ESA, and the head of the European Space Research and Technology Centre.

“It reinforces ESA’s commitment to fostering excellence across its member states and to ensuring that innovation developed for space delivers real benefits for industry, society and Europe’s long‑term competitiveness.”

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Philip Thomas, the head of the ScaleUp programme division in ESA’s Commercialisation, Industry and Competitiveness Directorate added: “Through being part of the ScaleUp Phi-Lab network, the ESA Phi-Lab in Ireland is able to help companies in Ireland and across Europe to reach their full commercial potential by providing targeted and relevant support for their most innovative proposals.”

Don’t miss out on the knowledge you need to succeed. Sign up for the Daily Brief, Silicon Republic’s digest of need-to-know sci-tech news.

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Why Diamond Transistors Are So Hard To Make

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Many things about diamonds seem eternal, including the many engineering problems related to making them work as a silicon replacement in semiconductor technology. Yet much like a diamond exposed to a stream of oxygen-rich air and a roughly 750°C heat source, time will eventually erase all of them. As detailed in a recent [Asianometry] video, over the decades the challenges with creating diamond wafers and finding the right way to dope pure diamond have been slowly solved, even if some challenges still remain today.

Diamond is basically the exact opposite as silicon when it comes to suitability as a semiconductor material, with a large bandgap (5.5 eV vs the 1.2 of silicon), and excellent thermal conductivity characteristics. This means that diamond transistors are very reliable, albeit harder to switch, and heat produced during switching is rapidly carried away instead of risking a meltdown as with silicon semiconductors.

Unlike silicon, however, diamond is much harder to turn into wafers as you cannot simply melt graphite and draw perfectly crystallized diamond out of said molten puddle. The journey of getting to the state-of-the art soon-to-be-4″ wafers grown on iridium alongside the current mosaic method is a good indication of the complete pain in the neck that just this challenge already is.

Mosaic method of growing a diamond wafer, as filmed by Asianometry.
Mosaic method of growing a diamond wafer, as filmed by Asianometry.

Doping with silicon semiconductors is done using ion implantation, but diamond has to be special and cannot just have phosphorus and boron implanted like its sibling. The main challenge here is that of availability of charge carriers from this doping, with diamond greedily hanging on to these charge carriers unless you run the transistor at very high temperatures.

Since you can only add so much dopant to a material before it stops being that material, a more subtle solution was sought. At this point we know that ion implantation causes damage to the diamond lattice, so delta-doping – which sandwiches heavily doped diamond between non-doped diamond – was developed instead. This got P-type transistors using boron, but only after we pacified dangling carbon electron bonds with hydrogen atoms and later more stable oxygen.

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State-of-the art switching with diamond transistors is currently done with MESFETs, which are metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors, and research is ongoing to improve the design. Much like with silicon carbide it can take a while before all the engineering and production scaling issues have been worked out. It’s quite possible that we’ll see diamond integrated into silicon semiconductors as heatsinks long before that.

Assuming we can make diamond work for semiconductor transistors, it should allow us to pack more and smaller transistors together than even before, opening up many options that are not possible with silicon, especially in more hostile environments like space.

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Samsung ships HBM4 memory at 11.7Gbps speeds and claims an early industry lead

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  • Samsung begins commercial HBM4 shipments as AI memory competition heats up
  • HBM4 reaches 11.7Gbps speeds while pushing higher bandwidth and efficiency gains for data centers
  • Samsung scales production plans with roadmap extending to HBM4E and custom memory variants

Samsung says it has not only begun mass production of HBM4 memory, but also shipped the first commercial units to customers, claiming an industry first for the new high bandwidth memory generation.

HBM4 is built on Samsung’s sixth generation 10nm-class DRAM process and uses a 4nm logic base die, which reportedly helped the South Korean memory giant reach stable yields without redesigns as production ramped up.

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‘Progress in STEM equality doesn’t come from a single event’

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Gillian Keating and Caroline O’Driscoll explore the opportunities for women and girls in STEM – as well as the many challenges.

Caroline O’Driscoll and Gillian Keating are the co-founders of I Wish, a national initiative promoting gender equity in STEM that aims to inspire, inform and empower teenage girls. A major event on the organisation’s annual calendar is the I Wish Festival, which this month welcomed nearly 4,000 girls to Dublin’s RDS.

There, they had the opportunity to engage with industry leaders and role models, hear about real career journeys, and see STEM careers as visible, achievable, and relevant. According to O’Driscoll, the festival directly impacts gaps in STEM education for young women by connecting them with positive role models and providing guidance. 

“Over the past 12 years, I Wish has built a sustainable, inclusive and gender-equitable STEM ecosystem in Ireland, supporting girls from primary school through higher education,” O’Driscoll tells SiliconRepublic.com. 

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“Many alumni return as volunteers, mentors and speakers, highlighting the lasting impact of the programme in creating confident, skilled young women who believe they belong in STEM.”

The marginalisation that impacts girls and women often starts early and accumulates over time, notes Keating, who explains that a lack of visible role models in leadership positions is key, especially as confidence gaps shaped by social conditioning and structural barriers prevent access to STEM subjects. 

“This marginalisation is rarely about talent – it’s about access, encouragement and belonging,” she says. 

This is why, for both O’Driscoll and Keating, progress in STEM equality doesn’t come from a single event or initiative but from consistent commitment, collaboration and belief in potential. 

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Keating says: “This is on all of us. The I Wish Festival matters because it doesn’t just ask girls to adapt to STEM, it asks STEM to adapt to girls. That shift in thinking is where real, lasting change begins.”

Ireland’s future

Recent research from the Economic and Social Research Institute found that Ireland currently has Europe’s largest gender gap in advanced digital skills usage in the workplace. It found that 44pc of men in Ireland use advanced digital skills in their jobs, compared to just 18pc of women, a 26pc difference that is close to double the European average.

Prof Joyce O’Connor, the co-founder and chair of Block W and a research contributor, made note of the fact that in an economy like Ireland’s, which is close to full employment, “failing to fully utilise the advanced digital capability of women already in the labour market is inefficient and unsustainable”. 

This point is echoed by O’Driscoll, who says: “Ireland’s future economy depends heavily on STEM skills, innovation and problem-solving. Excluding or under-supporting half the population is not just inequitable, it’s unsustainable.

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“By enabling girls and women to fully contribute their skills and expertise, Ireland benefits from a larger, more diverse talent pool, stronger innovation and creativity, better decision-making and problem-solving, and a workforce that reflects the society it serves. Gender inclusion in STEM is both a social imperative and an economic necessity.”

First impressions

While the present is always a good place to start, when attempting to undo bias or break down barriers, often the work begins from birth and never stops. O’Driscoll explains how educational and workplace institutions often bridge the gap for girls and women in STEM. 

She says: “At primary level, gender inclusive STEM education is key. At secondary level, they need to expose the girls to initiatives like I Wish to connect learning to real world careers.

“At third level, they need to provide mentorship and targeted support. At industry level, they need to support flexible pathways that account for different life stages and responsibilities.”

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But to truly advance the system, for all women, Keating emphasises the importance of offering continuous support and – when you have made it – showing others how it can be done. 

Speakers at the I Wish Festival included Olympic paracyclist Richael Timothy, International Rose of Tralee Katelyn Cummins and Olympians Louise Shanahan and Gráinne Walsh, all of whom shared their authentic career journeys, highlighting both the challenges and the successes they have experienced.  

“Our goal is simple but powerful,” says Keating. “If even one girl in our audience leaves I Wish feeling that she truly belongs in this space and is inspired to pursue her ambitions, then we consider it a real win. Through these stories, we hope to spark belief, courage and a sense of possibility in every participant.”

O’Driscoll confirms the importance of a strong role model, noting that when young girls are looking to their futures and the careers they may want, seeing women succeed in STEM can help them visualise themselves in similar roles, breaking down stereotypes about who belongs in these fields. 

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She adds: “Our I Wish surveys repeatedly show that girls want more information about STEM and say that access to female role models positively influences their choices. One of the central aims of I Wish is to connect girls with inspiring women in STEM, not just to inform them, but to support them. 

“By inviting women to share their stories and engage directly with students, I Wish creates a network of support that helps girls feel they belong and that their pathways are real and possible.”

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Changing 5 Phone Settings Can Limit The Amount Of Data Apps Collect About You

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“There’s an app for that” was a phrase plastered onto advertisements for the Apple iPhone starting in 2009. Only about a year old at that point, the App Store was changing people’s relationship with software. Users were growing accustomed to the idea that the smartphone was a digital Swiss Army Knife, its glossy touchscreen waiting to be fitted with the right tool for any job. But what the public had not anticipated as we swiped and scrolled was that our phones might begin to watch us back. 

As we poured our lives into them, managing finances, messaging friends and partners, or simply reading the news, all our interactions became data points that could be used to infer the most private details about us. In a digital ecosystem funded largely by advertising, that data was extraordinarily valuable to the right person, and so developers worked tirelessly to extract it from us. The more apps we loaded onto our pocket computers, the more data they soaked up.

These days, the public generally understands that data collection is commonplace. Without knowing how to protect their digital privacy, though, many users simply accept its erosion as a fact of life. But some of the most effective steps you can take to stop your data from being extracted are as simple as quickly adjusting a few settings, and you don’t need any technical knowledge to do so. From restricting apps’ permissions to opting out of tracking, here are five phone settings that can limit how much data apps collect about you.

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Restrict permissions scopes for individual apps

Modern versions of iOS and Android are built to constrain the worst data-gorging excesses of app developers. Much of that constraint is built around controlling which parts of your phone an app is allowed to access. When an app requests permission to use your camera or access your location, for example, modern smartphones will let users choose whether to allow it. In general, you should never allow any permission unless you understand why the app needs it.

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On an iPhone or Android phone, you can see which apps are using which permissions by going into the settings. On iOS, tap Privacy & Security, and you will see a list of permissions (location, camera, and so on) and which apps have been using them. On Android, head to Settings, tap Security and Privacy, then tap Permissions Used In Last 24 Hours. You will see a list of permissions and the apps that have accessed them.

Alternatively, iPhone users can go into Settings, then Apps. Tapping on an app will show you the permissions it has access to. Android users can do the same from the Apps menu as well. Selecting an app takes you to its App info page, where you can go into the Permissions section to adjust an app’s access.

On Android, there’s one extra bit of legwork. Go back to the main Settings page and tap Apps, then tap the three dots in the top right and select Special Access. Tap Usage Data Access (which allows apps to track how you use them) and toggle it off for all apps. If any apps need that permission to function or use certain features, you can always turn it on later.

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Opt out of ad tracking

One of the primary reasons apps are hungry for your data is that the developers can sell it to advertisers or use it to advertise to you themselves. The way they do this on modern versions of iOS and Android is to create an anonymized advertising identifier. Google, which owns Android, is predictably more aggressive here, since advertising makes up the largest share of its revenue. Apple, being a hardware-forward company, has a larger incentive to protect user privacy. For that reason, Android apps often track by default, whereas iOS shows users a pop-up that lets them opt out of ad tracking when they first open an app.

To opt out of ad tracking on Android, open the Settings app and tap on Google. Tap All Services, then select Ads. Tap Delete Advertising ID, then confirm your choice. While you’re here, you should return to the Google Services page, tap on Usage & Diagnostics, and toggle that setting off to prevent Google from tracking when and how you use your apps. On iOS, you can prevent app tracking requests entirely by opening Settings, tapping on Privacy & Security, then selecting Tracking. Turn off the toggle next to Allow Apps to Request to Track.

However, the best way to avoid tracking from an app is not to have it installed in the first place. You can check what kind of tracking an app does on both Android and iOS before downloading it. In the App Store, tap the App Privacy section of the listing. On the Play Store, tap on Data Safety to see a detailed breakdown. If an app looks intrusive, it’s best not to install it.

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Change in-app privacy settings

There is only so much you can do to restrict the flow of your data by changing security settings on your iPhone or Android. However, many data collection policies can be disabled from in-app settings. While we can’t cover every app, we can highlight a few popular apps to give you an idea of what to look for.

On Instagram, tapping your profile picture then tapping the three-bar icon in the top-right corner of the screen will bring you to the app’s settings. Tap on Accounts Center, then tap ad preferences. Tap Manage Info. Here you will find a long list of settings for different types of data, each with submenus with more settings. There are far too many to cover here, but you must go into each submenu and choose the most data-restrictive options to limit what the app can access.

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For TikTok, tap your profile photo on the bottom right, then tap the three-bar icon in the top right, then tap Settings. Scroll down and tap Ads, then turn off the toggles next to Targeted Ads Outside of TikTok and Targeted Ads. If available, also tap Clear Off-TikTok Data and confirm your choice. In DoorDash, tap the account icon near the top-right of the screen, then tap Settings. Tap on Privacy, then tap Learn More underneath the Marketing Choices section. Turn off the toggle next to Ad Personalization.

As you can see from those examples, many apps bury their data collection toggles deep in their settings menus. They also use vague language about ads and marketing in an apparent effort to ensure that most users will never stumble across these important privacy controls.

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Turning off data collection on Samsung Galaxy devices

Samsung Galaxy users have to do a bit more compared to other Android users, since Samsung is yet another party interested in siphoning your data. Although these settings don’t apply to iPhones or non-Samsung Android devices, the fact that Samsung is the second-largest smartphone manufacturer globally means they’re worth going over in addition to the other settings you need to change to stop your Android from tracking you.

To stop Samsung from treating itself to your data, open the Settings app on your Galaxy device, then head to the Security and Privacy section. Scroll down and tap More Privacy Settings. If your device has the option, turn off Personal Data Intelligence and confirm your decision. Aside from the Now Bar, you won’t lose any features by doing this. Toggle off Send Diagnostic Data, as well.

Next, go back to the Security and Privacy page, tap on Account Security, then tap Samsung Account Security. Scroll down and turn off the two toggles next to Get News and Special Offers and Improve Personalized Ads With Samsung Account Data. Next, tap on Customization Service, then turn it off. You will see a pop-up warning you that this will remove features, but the only things you’ll lose are the ability to set location-based reminders in Samsung Reminders and personalized app suggestions in the app switcher.

But we’re still not done. Remember that Customization Service you turned off? Samsung includes separate toggles for it in the Samsung Calendar, Clock, Gallery, and My Files apps, as well as the Galaxy Store. Make sure it’s disabled everywhere, and turn off any other advertising or data collection settings across all your installed Samsung apps.

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Delete apps you rarely use

By far the most effective way to prevent an app from accessing your data is not to have it installed in the first place. While uninstalling apps isn’t a setting in the sense of toggling a switch in a menu, it is a change that alters your device’s configuration, so it fits the technical definition. Of course, if you truly wanted none of your data to be collected, you’d uninstall every app from your phone, including much of the operating system itself. That is, of course, impractical and would defeat the purpose of having a smartphone, so the next best thing is to delete apps you rarely or never use. Remember, you can always reinstall them later!

One way to declutter your app library is to go through all of your apps one by one. If you cannot recall the last time you used an app or no longer have a purpose for it, you can safely delete it. That dating app you don’t use anymore? Uninstall it. The fad selfie editor you used once? Get rid of it post-haste.

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On iOS, apps can be deleted from the home screen by holding down on an app icon until the icons begin to jiggle. Tap Remove App, then tap Delete App. On Android, it will depend on your phone’s UI. However, one method that works on any version is to find the app in the Google Play Store and tap the Uninstall button displayed prominently at the top of its listing. Alternatively, you can open Settings and tap on Apps, find the app you want to uninstall, and then tap Uninstall. You will need to confirm your choice in either instance.



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