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Battery made from water and clay could be used on Mars

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New Scientist. Science news and long reads from expert journalists, covering developments in science, technology, health and the environment on the website and the magazine.
New Scientist. Science news and long reads from expert journalists, covering developments in science, technology, health and the environment on the website and the magazine.

The new battery could be assembled from Martian materials

NASA

When pushed into the tiniest of cracks, water can be used in unexpected ways. A new battery design that relies on tiny amounts of water confined within layers of clay could eventually offer sustainable power in places as extreme as Mars.

Vasily Artemov at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and his colleagues built the battery with components similar to conventional batteries, including two electrodes, one with a negative and one with a positive charge. But instead of making these electrodes metal, they used the carbon-based material graphene. Instead…

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Some Samsung Exynos chips have a severe security flaw

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Featured image for New Exynos 2500 version emerges with enhanced specifications

Some Samsung smartphones, powered by the company’s Exynos chipsets, have a high-severity security flaw. The vulnerability can allow threat actors to gain elevated access privileges and embed malware.

Samsung smartphones with certain Exynos SoCs have a security flaw

Samsung designs and builds its own Exynos SoC (System on a Chip). These chipsets usually power entry-level and mid-range Android smartphones. Some Exynos chipsets are also embedded in wearable devices.

Cybersecurity researchers from Google’s Threat Analysis Group (TAG) have reportedly discovered a security flaw inside some of the Exynos chips. The advisory about the vulnerability mentions it is being tracked as CVE-2024-44068. It has a severity rating of 8.1, which translates to “high severity”.

Specifically, Samsung Exynos mobile processors versions 9820, 9825, 980, 990, 850, and W920 are impacted. Attempting to explain the security flaw TAG stated, “This 0-day exploit is part of an EoP chain. The actor can execute arbitrary code in a privileged camera-server process. The exploit also renamed the process ‘[email protected],’ probably for anti-forensic purposes.”

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How to stay safe from this security vulnerability

As stated by Google’s research team, the Samsung Exynos chipsets suffer from a “0-day” exploit. Moreover, the researchers have cautioned the vulnerability is being exploited in the wild. If that’s not concerning enough, attackers may club this flaw with other attacks.

The impacted Samsung Exynos chipsets are powering the Galaxy S10 series, the Galaxy Note 10 and 10+, the Galaxy S20 series, as well as the Samsung Galaxy A51 5G and Samsung Galaxy A71 5G smartphones. In the wearable space, the Exynos W920 is embedded inside a few Samsung Galaxy Watches.

Google’s TAG security team alerted Samsung about the vulnerability earlier this year. Samsung addressed the vulnerability on October 7 with a patch. The tech giant even issued a security advisory. To stay protected from this security flaw, Samsung Galaxy smartphone, and Galaxy Watch users must install the latest security updates.

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Bluesky’s upcoming premium plan won’t give paid users special treatment

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Bluesky’s upcoming premium plan won’t give paid users special treatment

Bluesky has revealed how it plans to start making money without necessarily having to rely on ads. The platform will remain free to use for everyone, though it’s working on a premium subscription that will provide access to profile customization tools (remember when Myspace offered that for free?) and higher quality .

One thing that you won’t get as a paid user, though, is any preferential treatment. Unlike certain other social platforms, Bluesky won’t boost the visibility of premium members’ posts. Nor will they get any kind of blue check, chief operating officer Rose Wang.

In addition, Bluesky is planning a tip jar of sorts for creators. “We’re proud of our vibrant community of creators, including artists, writers, developers and more, and we want to establish a voluntary monetization path for them as well,” it said in a blog post. “Part of our plan includes building payment services for people to support their favorite creators and projects.” Bluesky will reveal more details down the line, though it’s not clear whether the platform plans to take a cut of any such payments.

Bluesky revealed its initial monetization plans in an announcement of its Series A funding round. It has raised $15 million from investors. Even though the lead investor in this round is Web3 VC company Blockchain Capital, Bluesky “will not hyperfinancialize the social experience (through tokens, crypto trading, NFTs, etc).”

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“Bluesky is powered by a 20-person core team, moderators, and support agents,” Wang . “Our biggest costs are team and infrastructure. Subscription revenue helps us improve the app, grow the developer ecosystem and gives us time to explore business models beyond traditional ads.”

The platform now has more than 13 million users, with from X following that service’s temporary ban in Brazil. (Analysts at Appfigures estimate that 3.6 million Bluesky app downloads came from Brazil, around 36 percent of the total figure.) Others made the switch after X made certain changes to its platform, including a revamp of .

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Meta just beat Google and Apple in the race to put powerful AI on phones

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Meta just beat Google and Apple in the race to put powerful AI on phones

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Meta Platforms has created smaller versions of its Llama artificial intelligence models that can run on smartphones and tablets, opening new possibilities for AI beyond data centers.

The company announced compressed versions of its Llama 3.2 1B and 3B models today that run up to four times faster while using less than half the memory of earlier versions. These smaller models perform nearly as well as their larger counterparts, according to Meta’s testing.

The advancement uses a compression technique called quantization, which simplifies the mathematical calculations that power AI models. Meta combined two methods: Quantization-Aware Training with LoRA adaptors (QLoRA) to maintain accuracy, and SpinQuant to improve portability.

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This technical achievement solves a key problem: running advanced AI without massive computing power. Until now, sophisticated AI models required data centers and specialized hardware.

Tests on OnePlus 12 Android phones showed the compressed models were 56% smaller and used 41% less memory while processing text more than twice as fast. The models can handle texts up to 8,000 characters, enough for most mobile apps.

Meta’s compressed AI models (SpinQuant and QLoRA) show dramatic improvements in speed and efficiency compared to standard versions when tested on Android phones. The smaller models run up to four times faster while using half the memory. (Credit: Meta)

Tech giants race to define AI’s mobile future

Meta’s release intensifies a strategic battle among tech giants to control how AI runs on mobile devices. While Google and Apple take careful, controlled approaches to mobile AI — keeping it tightly integrated with their operating systems — Meta’s strategy is markedly different.

By open-sourcing these compressed models and partnering with chip makers Qualcomm and MediaTek, Meta bypasses traditional platform gatekeepers. Developers can build AI applications without waiting for Google’s Android updates or Apple’s iOS features. This move echoes the early days of mobile apps, when open platforms dramatically accelerated innovation.

The partnerships with Qualcomm and MediaTek are particularly significant. These companies power most of the world’s Android phones, including devices in emerging markets where Meta sees growth potential. By optimizing its models for these widely-used processors, Meta ensures its AI can run efficiently on phones across different price points — not just premium devices.

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The decision to distribute through both Meta’s Llama website and Hugging Face, the increasingly influential AI model hub, shows Meta’s commitment to reaching developers where they already work. This dual distribution strategy could help Meta’s compressed models become the de facto standard for mobile AI development, much as TensorFlow and PyTorch became standards for machine learning.

The future of AI in your pocket

Meta’s announcement today points to a larger shift in artificial intelligence: the move from centralized to personal computing. While cloud-based AI will continue to handle complex tasks, these new models suggest a future where phones can process sensitive information privately and quickly.

The timing is significant. Tech companies face mounting pressure over data collection and AI transparency. Meta’s approach — making these tools open and running them directly on phones — addresses both concerns. Your phone, not a distant server, could soon handle tasks like document summarization, text analysis, and creative writing.

This mirrors other pivotal shifts in computing. Just as processing power moved from mainframes to personal computers, and computing moved from desktops to smartphones, AI appears ready for its own transition to personal devices. Meta’s bet is that developers will embrace this change, creating applications that blend the convenience of mobile apps with the intelligence of AI.

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Success isn’t guaranteed. These models still need powerful phones to run well. Developers must weigh the benefits of privacy against the raw power of cloud computing. And Meta’s competitors, particularly Apple and Google, have their own visions for AI’s future on phones.

But one thing is clear: AI is breaking free from the data center, one phone at a time.


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Bluesky raises $15M Series A, plans to launch subscriptions

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Decentralized social app Bluesky announced on Thursday that it has raised a $15 million Series A round, following its $8 million seed raise last year. This funding comes as Bluesky sees increased growth, in part from X users who are troubled by recent changes to the block feature, as well as the move to allow third parties to train AI on users’ public posts. Within the last month alone, Bluesky has added around 3 million new users, bringing its total user base to about 13 million.

Bluesky was initially incubated inside Twitter as former CEO Jack Dorsey’s vision for what the future of social media should look like. But the social network and developer of the open source AT Protocol is no longer affiliated with Dorsey, who left the startup’s board earlier this year. Still, many of the initial goals for Bluesky remain consistent: like Mastodon, Bluesky’s AT Protocol is decentralized, meaning that individual people will be able to set up their own social servers and apps, and people outside of the company have transparency into how and what is being developed.

“With this fundraise, we will continue supporting and growing Bluesky’s community, investing in Trust and Safety, and supporting the ATmosphere developer ecosystem,” Bluesky’s blog announcement reads. “In addition, we will begin developing a subscription model for features like higher quality video uploads or profile customizations like colors and avatar frames.”

The Bluesky team has been quick to tell users that this paid tier will not be like X, where subscribers get exclusive blue check marks and algorithmic up-ranking, making their posts more visible.

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“The way twitter did subscriptions was basically a blueprint for how bluesky shouldn’t do them,” Bluesky developer Paul Frazee posted. “‘Pay to win’ features like getting visibility or having a bluecheck because youre a subscriber is just wrong, and ruins the network for everyone.”

The Series A round is led by Blockchain Capital with participation from Alumni Ventures, True Ventures, SevenX, Darkmode’s Amir Shevat, and Kubernetes co-creator Joe Beda. The presence of a crypto-focused firm might alarm skeptics, especially since CEO Jay Graber used to be a software engineer for a crypto company, Zcash, but Bluesky has proactively assured users that the company is not pivoting to web3.

“Our lead, Blockchain Capital, shares our philosophy that technology should serve the user, not the reverse — the technology being used should never come at the expense of the user experience,” Bluesky said in its announcement. “This does not change the fact that the Bluesky app and the AT Protocol do not use blockchains or cryptocurrency, and we will not hyperfinancialize the social experience (through tokens, crypto trading, NFTs, etc.)”

Graber also announced that Kinjal Shah, a General Partner at Blockchain Capital, will be joining the board of Bluesky.

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“[Shah] shares our vision for a social media ecosystem that empowers users and supports developer freedom, and it’s been a great experience working with her. With her support, we are well positioned to grow,” Graber wrote.

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Bluesky is working on a subscription, but it won’t give you a blue check

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Bluesky is working on a subscription, but it won’t give you a blue check

Bluesky is working on a premium subscription that will add features like higher-quality video uploads and some profile customization options. Unlike the premium subscription offered by X, however, Bluesky’s paid tier won’t boost the visibility of your posts, nor will it give your account a “verified” status. Bluesky, in a post on its blog, also notes that Bluesky “will always be free to use.”

“Subscription revenue helps us improve the app, grow the developer ecosystem, and gives us time to explore business models beyond traditional ads,” Bluesky chief operating officer Rose Wang wrote in a post. “Paid subscribers won’t get special treatment elsewhere in the app, like upranking premium accounts or blue checks next to their names.”

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This cheap mini PC packs an Intel Core i3, four 10GbE and 2.5GbE Ethernet ports and can even run Windows — so could it be the perfect home web server?

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This cheap mini PC packs an Intel Core i3, four 10GbE and 2.5GbE Ethernet ports and can even run Windows — so could it be the perfect home web server?

The iKOOLCORE R2 Max is a compact yet powerful mini PC that comes with either the Intel N100 or the more powerful Intel Core i3-N305, making it capable of handling various tasks such as content creation, virtualization, and office work.

Despite its small size, measuring just 15.7 x 11.8 x 4 cm, the R2 Max is well-equipped with four high-speed Ethernet ports – two 10GbE ports powered by Marvell AQC113C-B1-C chips and two 2.5GbE ports running on Intel i226-v controllers.

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