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Blockchain in 2024 | Main developments and trends

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Blockchain in 2024 | Main developments and trends
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AI and blockchain technology

AI has various applications in blockchain technology. It has the potential to enhance blockchain systems by analysing smart contracts, detecting fraud, optimising scalability, and enabling tokenisation, among other issues. But it also comes with challenges, for instance, in the form of AI-driven attacks aimed at exploiting blockchain vulnerabilities.

AI to complement blockchain technology

AI algorithms are already used to optimise the consensus mechanism used on cryptocurrency blockchains by analysing and enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of the consensus protocols. Using machine learning algorithms and data analysis, AI can identify patterns, optimise parameters, and predict successful consensus strategies. Additionally, AI can help address challenges related to scalability and energy consumption.

AI can also enable the tokenisation of assets, facilitating the creation and management of digital assets on blockchain platforms. Asset management systems powered by AI can automate processes like asset valuation, portfolio management, and investment decision-making. Security issues associated with blockchain can be identified and mitigated using AI. For instance, AI is used to analyse patterns in DDoS attacks and identify possible security holes in the code. AI techniques are also employed to verify smart contracts and reduce the likelihood of exploits and vulnerabilities. Furthermore, by analysing transaction patterns and identifying suspicious behaviour, AI can detect fraudulent activities within blockchain networks and help prevent illicit activities such as fraud and money laundering. Additionally, AI can help enhance the privacy and security of blockchain networks by developing advanced encryption algorithms and employing privacy-preserving techniques to protect sensitive data and transactions.

As is the case with other technologies, different blockchain systems are often incompatible with each other. AI solutions that enable different blockchains to communicate are in development and will potentially create new opportunities.

Challenges at the intersection of AI and blockchain 

The integration of AI and blockchain technology presents several challenges. Adversarial attacks are a significant concern, as AI can exploit blockchain system vulnerabilities and compromise security and integrity. The analytical capabilities of AI can potentially de-anonymise blockchain data, thereby raising privacy concerns. Additionally, the resource-intensive nature of AI systems often necessitates significant computational power; when integrated with blockchain systems, AI systems can exacerbate scalability and performance issues (i.e. the limited resources of blockchain networks may be strained by the processing power and storage requirements of AI tasks). Finally, governance and regulatory challenges arise when determining responsibility and accountability in decentralised AI-powered blockchain systems.


Digitalisation, e-commerce, and the emergence of e-money in our daily lives made the notion of non-physical currency quite common. Since the early 2000s, the idea of a digital payment system and a digital currency native to the Internet has become very attractive.

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What is a blockchain? Simply put, it is a data ledger (think of an accounting ledger, which records every ‘in’ and ‘out’ transaction). The ledger is distributed, which means that many copies of the same ledger exist on computers worldwide. It is also protected by strong cryptography to protect it from malicious actors attempting to change any information within the blockchain.

How was this technology born? In 1992, W. Scott Stornetta and Stuart Haber presented the idea of blocks of digital data that are chained by cryptography to prevent tampering with time-stamped documents. By 2008, an anonymous person known by the name of Satoshi Nakamoto, proposed a new payment system to a group of prominent cryptographers and mathematicians through a cyberpunk mailing list.

The proposal, called Bitcoin: Peer-to-peer electronic payment system, was based on an online distributed ledger – verified by cryptography – functioning through a ‘proof-of-work’ consensus mechanism – the same technology that was being used to tackle spam. The term blockchain was not mentioned in the proposal; it was coined later on, with reference to Stornetta and Haber’s proposal.

How is new data added to a blockchain? Every computer (or node) synchronises the data through a consensus-based mechanism. Once data is added, it cannot be added or altered on a blockchain unless there is a consensus.

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There are many types of blockchain databases. The main types are open blockchains, and closed or private blockchains.

Blockchain

Open blockchains

Open blockchains are permissionless: they are fully transparent and each transaction is visible to anyone on the network. The most prominent open blockchain is the one developed for the Bitcoin cryptocurrency in 2009.

The aim behind an open blockchain is to do away with a central authority which arbitrates each transaction, such as a financial institution or a payment processor, allowing individual users to carry out transactions directly (peer-to-peer).

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Private or closed blockchains

A private blockchain is controlled by a central authority. One or several parties can control who can add data, and take part in setting the rules. The advantage of this model is the ability to react to any incorrect data that is inputted. Security is therefore entrusted to the central authority, which is able to change the rules and expel malicious users.

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Blockchain as a service

With the emergence of the blockchain industry, large tech players stepped in to create ready-to-use, deployable blockchain solutions. Given the large processing power needed to secure transactions on the blockchain, IBM, Microsoft, and others were able to use the power of their massive cloud capacities to offer secure, fast, and scalable blockchains.

How is blockchain used mostly?

The most prominent use is as a platform for cryptocurrencies. Bitcoin’s blockchain, based on the open, permissionless model, was proof that large-scale deployment was indeed possible. Other cryptocurrencies started introducing open and closed blockchains to issue and monitor online currencies.

Blockchain is also used extensively in supply chains. Major world retailers and distributors can track merchandise alongside global supply chains, which helps the industry cross-check data such as labeling processes. From the food industry to the aero-parts industry, blockchain is proving itself to be a powerful tool for reducing costs and introducing trust throughout the production and supply chains.

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Blockchain technology is also being used for storing and safeguarding public information. Examples include land registries, the issuance of personal documents, and for online verification methods.

Blockchain-based digital identities could bring a decentralised approach to data management, and empower users to choose how and which of their personal data can be shared on the Internet. Tech companies are creating deployable solutions: these include Microsoft’s partnership with the W3C consortium to introduce open standards for Decentralised Identifiers, and IBM’s own digital identity solution.

The certification of goods, academic degrees, and even copyright claims are next on the private sector’s radar for potential development.

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Q&A

Blockchain is a type of distributed database. Blocks of information added in chronological order, and chained by the use of cryptographic hash function. Blockchain creates an immutable database, appended in real-time. Decentralized means that a database is not stored on a single computer from which is distributed to the network. Instead, the database is copied on every computer that has access to the network. This increases the security of the whole system

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What is a token?

Coin (Token) – In cryptocurrencies, coins are created and transmitted over the decentralised network. Inside the network can be given the qualities of assets (currency, digital art, digital property) or payment for the network utilisation.

What is a blockchain fork?

Blockchain fork is a change in software or in network requirements. Applying a new set of rules or technical details considering the network, agreed by the community

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  1. Soft fork: upgrade that is compatible with the earlier version
  2. Hard fork: upgrade that is not compatible with the previous version. The previous version no longer works and needs to be replaced

What is a digital wallet?

Digital wallet (or cryptocurrency wallet) is a software, desktop or mobile app, that serves as a personal identifier for the network. Digital wallet generates your private and public key to identify users on the network. Wallets are used to create ‘addresses’ related to that unique identity. Addresses are used to receive digital currency, or allocate your digital assets (like NFTs). Wallet can create numerous addresses. Wallets can be stored on external hardware, often in a form of a highly secured USB sticks.

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What is a private key?

Private Key is a part of the cryptographic signature. The cryptographic signatures use online verification by pairing two cryptographic keys in order to confirm that information is from a certain origin. Private key is a part of a cryptographic signature that, once created, is embedded into your computer hardware. It stays in your device, and provides the information needed for verification.

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What is a public key?

Public Key is a second part of the cryptographic signature. It is broadcasted publicly in order to prove the compatibility of a private key. If they correspond, authentication is confirmed.

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Google Pixel 9 256GB all-time low drops to $749

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Google Pixel 9 256GB all-time low drops to $749

The Google Pixel 9 is without a doubt one of this year’s best smartphones, and Amazon is offering a really good limited-time deal on it right now that you do not want to miss out on. Normally, the 256GB Google Pixel 9 would end up costing you $899. However, Amazon has it on sale right now for only $749, and that’s the lowest price we’ve ever seen this phone since it launched just a couple of months ago. This is also the all-time low price from Amazon according to price tracking from Camel Camel Camel.

Google Pixel 9 Price History

While there are lots of things to love about the Pixel 9, one of its best features is the longer battery life. Compared to past Pixel devices like the Pixel 8, the Pixel 9 has noticeably longer battery life. Google says it will last for 24+ hours, and we found that to be more than true. With a decent amount of screen-on time. The Pixel 9 is also packed with Gemini AI integration. And that’s on top of the already available AI features from last year’s phones.

And of course, it has one of the best smartphone cameras available on the market. The Pixel 9 has a 6.3-inch Actua display and it comes unlocked which means you can use it on most US carriers. This includes AT&T, T-Mobile, Verizon, Metro, Mint Mobile, Cricket, Google Fi, and many others.

While all of that stuff is nice, the best feature of the Pixel 9 is unquestionably its long update support. Google will support this device with OS version and security updates for seven whole years. So you can buy this phone in 2024, and it’ll get updates all the way until 2031. Which means you won’t have to upgrade for quite a long time if all you’re worried about is new software.

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The best Christmas gifts for everyone on your 2024 holiday list

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The best Christmas gifts for everyone on your 2024 holiday list

This time of year has a lot of merry and bright things to be excited about, but it can be stressful if you’re stumped on what to get your mom, dad, best friend, coworker or kids’ teacher as a holiday gift. Whether you enjoy or dread buying gifts for people, it’s safe to say we all want to give our loved ones things they will enjoy and appreciate. But there’s a lot of noise, junk and bad deals disguised as good deals to sift through as we get closer and closer to the holidays.

Allow us at Engadget to help you through it. Here, you’ll find all of our holiday gift guides collected in one place, so you can more easily find the best Christmas gifts you need this year. Are you looking for white elephant gift ideas? Are you struggling to come up with a good gift for the father figure in your life? Are you just looking for a good board game to pick up for your own family? We’ve got you covered with gift ideas for all of those scenarios and more. We’ll update this post as more of our gift guides hit the internet, so check back for even more gift ideas throughout the season.

According to legend, the King of Siam would give a white elephant to courtiers who had upset them. The recipient had no choice but to simply thank the king for such an opulent gift, knowing that they likely could not afford the upkeep for such an animal. It would inevitably lead them to financial ruin. This story is almost certainly untrue, but it has led to a modern holiday staple: the white elephant gift exchange. These gift ideas will not only get you a few chuckles, but will also make your recipient feel (slightly) burdened.

Read more: The best white elephant gift ideas

We could all use more time away from screens of all types and sizes, and board games are a fun way to do that and bond with friends and family. You can find plenty of unique sets out there now, from word puzzles to whodunnits to calming playthroughs that showcase the beauty of the little things in life. From games with giant monsters to those with haunted mansions, we’re sure at least one of our suggestions will be a hit with you and your loved ones.

Read more: The best board games to gift this season

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A million new video games seem to come out every week, but for some of us, nothing beats the classics. If you know someone who is way into retro gaming but don’t feel like hunting through eBay and local shops for gear to add to their collection, we’re here to help. We’ve rounded up a few of our favorite gift ideas for the nostalgic gamer in your life, from video upscalers for old consoles to retro-themed books and artwork.

Read more: The best retro gaming gifts for the holidays

When it comes to making a great cup at home, coffee nerds are constantly learning and love to try new things. Whether the person you’re shopping for is a newly indoctrinated pour over lover or obsessive over every brewing parameter, we’ve compiled a list of the best gear for coffee geeks that you can get this holiday season.

Read more: The best gifts for coffee lovers

There are few things more rewarding than making good food for your friends and family. But after a while, it’s easy to get bored with the same tried and true recipes. And what better way to inject some fun into your favorite home chef’s routine than with a brand-new kitchen gadget? To help you find the right gift for the cook in your life, we’ve put together a list of our favorite kitchen gadgets across a wide range of prices and categories.

Read more: The best cooking gifts

We’re all having a bit of a budget crunch this year, but the good news is that when it’s time to bestow presents on the young ones (or young at heart), you don’t have to break the bank. Our list of our favorite tech, science and design toys is stacked with items under $100, with plenty of reuse packed in so the fun can extend far beyond the holiday season.

Read more: The best tech toys for kids

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In Engadget’s Slack rooms, our pets are high on the list of stuff we chat about — just behind work-adjacent tech stuff, insane current events, video games and food. We’ve bought plenty of high- and low-tech stuff to keep our furry friends fed, occupied, safe and happy and we’ve put together the best of what we tried here. Perhaps you’re shopping for your own very good boy or girl, or maybe you have a dutiful pet parent on your list — either way, the gadgets gathered here will make great gifts, according to the enthusiastic tail wags (or aloof meows) of our own fur babies.

Read more: The best gadgets for your pets

Check out the rest of our gift ideas here.

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Instagram stops the ‘rug pull’ that disappears videos while you’re watching them

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Why is ‘Adam Driver Megalopolis’ blocked in Instagram searches?

You know that thing where, just after you’ve opened Instagram and become invested in whatever video was already loaded, a new video pops in and seemingly yeets the old video into the void, never to be seen again? That’s a thing of the past, according to Instagram boss Adam Mosseri, who says in an AMA from his Instagram Story yesterday that the app now waits for you to scroll to show you the new stuff.

That behavior — which Instagram apparently called “rug pull” internally — wasn’t just some weird bug. Mosseri says the app did it “because we were trying to load new content, and it was taking a while, so we showed you something that was already downloaded in the meantime, and it is generally good for engagement.”

But that’s “really annoying,” he acknowledges, “so we stopped doing it.”

Instagram has taken “a little bit of an engagement hit for this,” Mosseri concludes, saying it’s a much better experience for those of us using the app.

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Science & Environment

How to see the Taurid Meteor Shower

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How to see the Taurid Meteor Shower


Viewing the Taurids may be affected by the illumination of the Moon, which could obscure some of the fainter meteors. The Moon will be in a waxing gibbous phase – going from half moon to full moon.

Plus, as we have seen recently, it is hard to see anything in the sky if there is a blanket of low cloud. However, there could be some timely changes in cloud amounts at the time of peak viewing.

A weather front crossing the UK on Sunday will bring a change in air mass. Even though an area of high pressure will build again, it may not contain as much cloud.

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It is possible that the clouds will part on Monday night and give us a better chance of seeing some spectacular meteor displays.

Keep across your local forecast on the BBC Weather website or app.



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NYT Connections today — hints and answers for Sunday, November 10 (game #518)

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NYT Connections homescreen on a phone, on a purple background

Good morning! Let’s play Connections, the NYT’s clever word game that challenges you to group answers in various categories. It can be tough, so read on if you need clues.

What should you do once you’ve finished? Why, play some more word games of course. I’ve also got daily Wordle hints and answers, Strands hints and answers and Quordle hints and answers articles if you need help for those too.

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Technology

The best romance shows on Netflix right now

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The best romance shows on Netflix right now

Although there’s been a dearth of new romance shows on Netflix this fall, one of the streamer’s biggest hits of the year is a romantic comedy: Nobody Wants This. Maybe that should tell Netflix something about what its fans want to see. Beyond that show, there’s really nothing new to report. Instead, we’ll just have to feature Ginny & Georgia, a romantic dramedy that follows a mother and daughter and their respective romances. That’s an older series, but it’s been renewed for two more seasons.

Since there aren’t many new romance shows to dive into, you’ll just have to settle for some of Netflix’s originals, including Bridgerton and Eva Lasting, as well as Grey’s Anatomy and Outlander. Those series and more can be found among the best romance shows on Netflix right now.

Need more recommendations? Then check out the best new shows to stream this week, as well as the best shows on Netflix, the best shows on Hulu, the best shows on Amazon Prime Video, the best shows on Max, and the best shows on Disney+.


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