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ExxonMobil deceived the public with plastic recycling, lawsuit claims

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ExxonMobil deceived the public with plastic recycling, lawsuit claims

ExxonMobil has misled consumers for years by perpetuating a “myth” about plastic recycling, according to a new lawsuit filed by the state of California.

ExxonMobil is the world’s leading producer of single-use plastics that become waste, according to the state attorney general’s office. To encourage people to buy products made with single-use plastics, the suit alleges, ExxonMobil “deceived Californians for almost half a century by promising that recycling could and would solve the ever-growing plastic waste crisis.”

“They clearly knew this wasn’t possible.”

Plastic is quite difficult to reuse, which is why very little of it is ever recycled. Promoting recycling as a cure-all for plastic waste can actually lead to more of it becoming trash, experts warn. Now, the state of California wants to hold industry accountable for the plastic pollution that has accumulated in the environment, animals, and even people’s bodies.

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“For decades, ExxonMobil has been deceiving the public to convince us that plastic recycling could solve the plastic waste and pollution crisis when they clearly knew this wasn’t possible,” California Attorney General Rob Bonta said in a press release yesterday.

The AG’s office launched an investigation into the petrochemical industry’s role in creating a plastic “pollution crisis” in 2022. It says it unearthed new documents over the past two years that led the state to file suit this week. The lawsuit alleges that ExxonMobil has violated state public nuisance, natural resources, water pollution, false advertisement, and unfair competition laws through misleading marketing about recycling.

The state is suing for civil penalties and disgorgement, which would force the company to turn over any profits it gained illegally. California also wants to set up an abatement fund and injunctive relief to stop the company from promoting plastics as recyclable the way that it has for years. The attorney general’s office points to a 12-page ad in Time magazine in 1989 on “the urgent need to recycle” as one example of the company’s “campaign of deception.” “Americans have entered an era in which landfilling will no longer be the primary method of garbage disposal,” the ad says.

By 2015, less than 10 percent of plastic waste had ever been recycled. Nearly 80 percent of the 6,300 million metric tons of plastic waste that had been created around the world ended up in landfills or littering the environment.

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Even when plastic is rehashed, it’s typically “downcycled” because the quality of the material deteriorates with each use. Plastic bottles are turned into fibers used in carpeting instead of new plastic bottles, for example. And gadgets made with recycled plastic typically have to be reinforced with fresh plastic. It’s often just cheaper for a company to use new plastic rather than recycled materials.

Newer claims from industry about “advanced” or chemical recycling are just as flawed, the attorney general claims, since the majority of plastic waste that goes through that process becomes fuel. The state also claims that plastics produced using ExxonMobil’s “advanced recycling” technology contain such little amounts of used material that “they are effectively virgin plastics.”

ExxonMobil shifted the blame to California in an emailed response to The Verge. “For decades, California officials have known their recycling system isn’t effective. They failed to act, and now they seek to blame others. Instead of suing us, they could have worked with us to fix the problem and keep plastic out of landfills,” the statement says.

One of the selling points for plastic is that it’s lightweight and easy to transport — a characteristic that also makes it easier for plastics to drift into the environment. Once it’s there, it breaks down into tiny particles called microplastics that have flooded the world’s oceans and have been found in everything from seafood to baby poop. Around 21 million pounds of plastic garbage has been collected from California’s beaches and waterways since 1985, according to Bonta’s office.

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Plastics are made from fossil fuels and are responsible for 4.5 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions — more than the climate pollution from global shipping.

“While greenwashing certainly isn’t new, the fossil fuel industry in particular has frequently downplayed the impacts that their sector has on climate change,” Cornell University climate and environment legal scholar Leehi Yona said in an emailed statement. “In my view, this latest lawsuit builds on the sustained efforts of many governments to hold fossil fuel companies accountable to the myriad ways they have misled the public on the risks of their products.”

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Citing security concerns, the US is now looking to ban Chinese and Russian-made vehicles

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Electric vehicles made in China could be banned in the US from 2027 if a proposed new rule is passed. The US Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) has published a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking that would prohibit the import and sale of vehicles and components made by manufacturers “with a sufficient nexus” to the People’s Republic of China or Russia. 

The proposed rule focuses on specific elements in electric vehicle (EV) hardware and software, and the potentially malicious use of the information and data required by them. The Vehicle Connectivity System (VCS) allows cars to communicate externally through Bluetooth, cellular, satellite or Wi-Fi modules, while the Automated Driving System (ADS) allows a car to operate without a driver. This ban would encompass any parts imported for use in American-made cars, as well as those built into vehicles from China and Russia.

If passed without change, the only vehicles that would be exempt are those related to agricultural or mining purposes. And, while a senior Biden administration official says “[Chinese] and Russian automakers do not currently play a significant role in the US auto market”, they believe it’s a necessary preventative strike given the sophistication of today’s electric cars and their growing centrality.

Volvo EX30

(Image credit: Volvo)

A statement from the White House clarifies that, “These technologies include computer systems that control vehicle movement and collect sensitive driver and passenger data as well as cameras and sensors that enable automated driving systems and record detailed information about American infrastructure.”

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Can AI chatbots be reined in by a legal duty to tell the truth?

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Can AI chatbots be reined in by a legal duty to tell the truth?

AI chatbots are being quickly rolled out for a wide range of functions

Andriy Onufriyenko/Getty Images

Can artificial intelligence be made to tell the truth? Probably not, but the developers of large language model (LLM) chatbots should be legally required to reduce the risk of errors, says a team of ethicists.

“What we’re just trying to do is create an incentive structure to get the companies to put a greater emphasis on truth or accuracy when they are creating the systems,” says Brent Mittelstadt at the University of Oxford.

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LLM chatbots, such as ChatGPT, generate human-like responses to users’ questions, based on statistical analysis of vast amounts of text. But although their answers usually appear convincing, they are also prone to errors – a flaw referred to as “hallucination”.

“We have these really, really impressive generative AI systems, but they get things wrong very frequently, and as far as we can understand the basic functioning of the systems, there’s no fundamental way to fix that,” says Mittelstadt.

This is a “very big problem” for LLM systems, given they are being rolled out to be used in a variety of contexts, such as government decisions, where it is important they produce factually correct, truthful answers, and are honest about the limitations of their knowledge, he says.

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To address the problem, he and his colleagues propose a range of measures. They say large language models should react in a similar way to how people would when asked factual questions.

That means being honest about what you do and don’t know. “It’s about doing the necessary steps to actually be careful in what you are claiming,” says Mittelstadt. “If you are not sure about something, you’re not just going to make something up in order to be convincing. Rather, you would say, ‘Hey, you know what? I don’t know. Let me look into that. I’ll get back to you.”

This seems like a laudable aim, but Eerke Boiten at De Montfort University, UK, questions whether the ethicists’ demand is technically feasible. Companies are trying to get LLMs to stick to the truth, but so far it is proving to be so labour-intensive that it isn’t practical. “I don’t understand how they expect legal requirements to mandate what I see as fundamentally technologically impossible,” he says.

Mittelstadt and his colleagues do suggest some more straightforward steps that could make LLMs more truthful. The models should link to sources, he says – something that many of them now do to evidence their claims, while the wider use of a technique known as retrieval augmented generation to come up with answers could limit the likelihood of hallucinations.

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He also argues that LLMs deployed in high-risk areas, such as government decision-making, should be scaled down, or the sources they can draw on should be restricted. “If we had a language model we wanted to use just in medicine, maybe we limit it so it can only search academic articles published in high quality medical journals,” he says.

Changing perceptions is also important, says Mittelstadt. “If we can get away from the idea that [LLMs] are good at answering factual questions, or at least that they’ll give you a reliable answer to factual questions, and instead see them more as something that can help you with facts you bring to them, that would be good,” he says.

Catalina Goanta at Utrecht University in the Netherlands says the researchers focus too much on technology and not enough on the longer-term issues of falsehood in public discourse. “Vilifying LLMs alone in such a context creates the impression that humans are perfectly diligent and would never make such mistakes,” she says. “Ask any judge you meet, in any jurisdiction, and they will have horror stories about the negligence of lawyers and vice versa – and that is not a machine issue.”

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NYT Crossword: answers for Monday, September 23

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NYT Crossword: answers for Monday, September 23


The New York Times crossword puzzle can be tough! If you’re stuck, we’re here to help with a list of today’s clues and answers.

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Telegram will provide data to authorities upon request

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Following the recent arrest and release of Telegram’s CEO in France, the platform has been introducing some changes. One of the main allegations against the service was the lack of responsiveness to data requests by authorities. From now on, Telegram will provide phone numbers and IP addresses in response to potential legal requests.

The arrest of Telegram’s CEO Pavel Durov stemmed from allegations of his involvement in illegal activities on the service. The French government cited the absence of more efficient moderation systems and a lack of collaboration with the authorities as the primary reasons for the arrest. At the time, Durov said that his arrest was a mistake and an erroneous application of the law.

Telegram will provide phone numbers and IP addresses in legal request cases

Later, Telegram modified its FAQs to reflect the existence of the “Report” option in groups. This change had led many to mistakenly believe that Telegram did not have such an option. It always existed, but now the messaging app wanted to make it clear. Users are able to report individual messages or entire groups. It’s noteworthy that the option to report messages is only available in groups. Individual chats between people are entirely private and encrypted, so the option does not exist.

The new changes to Telegram are more proactive regarding moderation. In addition to providing suspects’ phone numbers and IP addresses to authorities, Telegram will use AI and a human team to remove illegal or problematic content from search results. Telegram’s CEO also asked users to report problematic results as soon as they see them.

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Anyway, the changes do not seem to affect the privacy of chats per se. There are no content moderation bots for private chats or groups. Authorities will also not have access to suspects’ chats. “To this day, we have disclosed 0 bytes of user messages to third parties, including governments,” claims Durov.

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A The Lord of the Rings Game is now due out in March 2025

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A The Lord of the Rings Game is now due out in March 2025

Tales of the Shire, a cozy life sim , has gotten a new release date and a strange new name. It’s scheduled for release on March 25, 2025 and it’s now called Tales of the Shire: A The Lord of the Rings Game, because apparently referencing the Shire wasn’t enough to clue in fans. LOTR diehards are well known for being ignorant about the franchise they love. That was extreme sarcasm.

Anyways, this information was served up during Private Division and Wētā Workshop’s , which revealed a lot of new footage and included plenty of interviews with the game’s designers. Wētā Workshop is actually helping to develop the game, after making effects for all of Peter Jackson’s Middle-earth films.

Tales of the Shire: A The Lord of the Rings Game (that really rolls off the tongue) was supposed to come out in 2024, so the developers could iron out some bugs and present a fully realized version of their original vision. Here’s hoping that translates to a polished gameplay experience in March.

For the uninitiated, this is a cozy sim. There are elements of Animal Crossing, Stardew Valley and other games in the genre. There’s farming, fishing and a deep character interaction system. Of course, there’s also a big emphasis placed on cooking huge feasts. We all know how much hobbits love a good feast.

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The game looks cute enough and, heck, I’m always down for a new cozy sim. However, the developers have confirmed that there will be no romance, despite the emphasis on cultivating relationships and friendships. The developers say that romance simply doesn’t fit the tone of the game. In any event, Tales of the Shire: A The Lord of the Rings Game will be released for PC via Steam, Nintendo Switch, PS5 and Xbox Series X/S. It’s also coming to Netflix.

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5 Days Left to save $600 on Disrupt 2024 tickets

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5 days left to grab rebooted ticket prices for TechCrunch Disrupt 2024

The countdown to TechCrunch Disrupt 2024 is on, and so are rebooted ticket prices! Save up to $600 on individual ticket types before September 27. Take advantage of these huge last-minute discounts while you still can.

Disrupt 2024 is where the startup ecosystem converges. Taking place at Moscone West in San Francisco from October 28-30, you’ll join 10,000 tech, startup, and VC leaders for 200+ powerful sessions and discussions, 250+ industry expert speakers, and valuable networking. 

Lock in your ticket savings by registering now.

Learn from industry heavyweights

With a powerful roster of top tech leaders speaking across six specialized stages, Disrupt 2024 promises three days of insightful discussions. You’ll walk away with valuable knowledge and perspectives to help fuel your next big move.

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Meet the rest of our speakers.

Networking galore

Disrupt 2024 is packed with a plethora of networking opportunities. Whether you’re a first-time founder, an experienced entrepreneur, a recent graduate seeking your first tech role, or navigating a career transition, you’ll find the connections you need.

Participate in 1:1 or small-group Braindates, attend Side Events and receptions, or explore the Expo Hall — discover numerous ways to expand your network and elevate your brand presence.

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Engage in 200+ Roundtable and Breakout Sessions led by industry experts, designed to spark meaningful discussions on key issues facing today’s entrepreneurs and professionals.

Witness the startup battle

Don’t miss your chance to be front and center at one of Disrupt’s highlight events: Startup Battlefield 200. Watch as the hand-picked 200 pre-Series A startups pitch their innovative concepts to a panel of elite VC judges for a chance to win a $100,000 equity-free prize and the sought-after Disrupt Cup.

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Get an insider’s view as leading VCs provide expert feedback, revealing the key factors they consider when evaluating a startup’s viability.

Catch the final sale before Disrupt 2024

Don’t miss your chance to save up to $600 before the countdown to Disrupt 2024 begins! This limited-time offer expires on September 27 at 11:59 p.m. PT.

Grab these ticket savings — click here to secure your spot!

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