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Supersonic aircraft startup Exosonic is shutting down

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Supersonic aircraft startup Exosonic is shutting down

Exosonic, a startup developing supersonic commercial air travel and UAV tech, is winding down after five years of operation.

In an update posted to its website, Exosonic said it was unable to find the traction necessary to continue operations. 

“Although the founders and team still believe in the need/desire for quiet supersonic flight and supersonic drones for the US Department of Defense, without further customer support for either concept, the company cannot sustain the cash needs to make further advancements,” the update says

Exosonic was founded in 2019 by Norris Tie, a propulsion engineer who cut his teeth at primes like Northrop Grumman and Lockheed Martin; at the latter company, he reportedly worked on the low-boom X-59 aircraft for NASA. Exosonic joined Y Combinator’s Winter 2020 cohort and went on to raise over $4.5 million from venture investors, including Soma Capital, Psion Capital, and Stellar Solutions. The startup also bagged several small grants from the U.S. Air Force under its Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program. 

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The company was making progress: It hit a major milestone earlier this year when it flew its first aircraft, a subscale variant of its supersonic UAV called EX-3M Trident, in a test flight in California. It also had two other vehicles under development: a supersonic airliner called Horizon and a larger UAV called Revenant.

It sounds like the company was ultimately unable to bridge what’s often referred to in defense tech as “the valley of death” — the period between R&D and commercialization. This is a well-known problem for vendors looking to sell to the Department of Defense, and a place where venture capitalists have said they could step in — unless they don’t. As Exosonic put it on LinkedIn, “Without further government support for its near-term supersonic UAV development, Exosonic can no longer sustain the capital required to further advance the concept.” 

TechCrunch reached out to Tie for comment and will update the story if he responds.

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Monarch Tractor lays off 10% in restructuring towards software and licensing AV tech

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Monarch Tractor's MK-V

Monarch Tractor has laid off around 10% of its workforce as part of a restructuring that will see it prioritize non-agricultural customers, license its autonomous technology, and boost sales of its AI-powered farm management software, TechCrunch has learned.

Around 35 employees were cut this week by the Livermore, California-based autonomous electric tractor startup that has raised a total of $220 million since it was founded in 2018. Some Monarch workers told TechCrunch they were let go without severance. It’s the second cut this year; Monarch previously laid off around 15% of its workforce in July.

CEO Praveen Penmetsa told TechCrunch in an interview the company decided to restructure after a slower-than-expected third quarter, and despite raising $133 million in July from the likes of Foxconn and agri-food tech impact firm Astanor. Penmetsa said he was uncertain if employees were let go without severance, but that the company has been trying to help out laid-off workers on a case-by-case basis.

“All of this happened pretty quickly,” Penmetsa said, referring to the recent crash of California’s vineyards, which made up a bulk of Monarch’s early customers. That development, plus an ongoing pullback in agri-tech investing, left Penmetsa and his team looking at other options.

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“The industry has slowed down on acquisition of new equipment and new solutions, especially in the core farming sectors,” Penmetsa said. “But in the meantime, as a platform company, we also have some very exciting non-agriculture opportunities that started sprouting because of our success in ag.”

He said the company, which has shipped 500 tractors to date, is now focused on widening its customer base in a number of ways. It is expanding beyond agricultural customers to golf courses, solar farms, and even municipalities. It’s also putting more focus on selling its “WingspanAI” farm management software. And Monarch is in talks with other “off-road” vehicle companies to license its autonomous technology.

Penmetsa said these changes inspired the cuts which hit, among other things, some of Monarch’s engineering and operations team. He also said that Monarch is leaning more on contract-manufacturer Foxconn, which builds the tractors at its Lordstown, Ohio facility, for operational roles.

“We are a startup,” Penmetsa said. “You have to be agile, right?”

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The Beatles’ final song, restored using AI, is up for a Grammy

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The Beatles’ final song, restored using AI, is up for a Grammy

The Beatles have been nominated for two Grammys — nearly 50 years after the band officially split up. Their final song, called “Now and Then,” was restored last year with the help of AI, and is now up for record of the year alongside the likes of Beyoncé, Charlie XCX, Billie Eilish, and Taylor Swift. It’s also been nominated for best rock performance, where it goes up against Green Day, Pearl Jam, and The Black Keys.

However, “Now and Then” was never released, as technology at the time couldn’t separate John’s vocals and piano to get a clear sound. But in 2021, filmmaker Peter Jackson and his sound team were able to separate the instrumentals and vocals with machine learning technology, allowing Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr to finally complete the song.

Though “Now and Then” was finished using machine learning, it still falls within the bounds of The Grammy’s rules surrounding AI. The guidelines currently state that “only human creators are eligible to be submitted for consideration for, nominated for, or win a GRAMMY Award,” but work that contains “elements” of AI material is “eligible in applicable categories.”

It’s a bit strange to see “Now and Then” competing with modern-day music like Beyoncé’s “Texas Hold ‘Em,” but it’s been a long time coming. We’ll get to see how the Beatles fare during the 2025 Grammy Awards, which takes place on Sunday, February 2nd.

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Why did the UK’s first satellite end up thousands of miles from where it should have been?

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Why did the UK's first satellite end up thousands of miles from where it should have been?


BBC/Gerry Fletcher Artist's rendering of the Skynet-1A satelliteBBC/Gerry Fletcher

Artwork: The half-tonne Skynet-1A satellite was launched in November 1969

Someone moved the UK’s oldest satellite and there appears to be no record of exactly who, when or why.

Launched in 1969, just a few months after humans first set foot on the Moon, Skynet-1A was put high above Africa’s east coast to relay communications for British forces.

When the spacecraft ceased working a few years later, gravity might have been expected to pull it even further to the east, out over the Indian Ocean.

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But today, curiously, Skynet-1A is actually half a planet away, in a position 22,369 miles (36,000km) above the Americas.

Orbital mechanics mean it’s unlikely the half-tonne military spacecraft simply drifted to its current location.

Almost certainly, it was commanded to fire its thrusters in the mid-1970s to take it westwards. The question is who that was and with what authority and purpose?

It’s intriguing that key information about a once vital national security asset can just evaporate. But, fascination aside, you might also reasonably ask why it still matters. After all, we’re talking about some discarded space junk from 50 years ago.

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“It’s still relevant because whoever did move Skynet-1A did us few favours,” says space consultant Dr Stuart Eves.

“It’s now in what we call a ‘gravity well’ at 105 degrees West longitude, wandering backwards and forwards like a marble at the bottom of a bowl. And unfortunately this brings it close to other satellite traffic on a regular basis.

“Because it’s dead, the risk is it might bump into something, and because it’s ‘our’ satellite we’re still responsible for it,” he explains.

BBC/Gerry Fletcher Map of the world showing the original location of Skynet 1A over East Africa, as well as the two gravity wells, one at 75 degrees east, which is where the satellite was expected to go, and one at 105 degrees west, which is where it is now.BBC/Gerry Fletcher

If a satellite died at 40E it would drift to the nearest gravity well, which is 75E.

Dr Eves has looked through old satellite catalogues, the National Archives and spoken to satellite experts worldwide, but he can find no clues to the end-of-life behaviour of Britain’s oldest spacecraft.

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It might be tempting to reach for a conspiracy theory or two, not least because it’s hard to hear the name “Skynet” without thinking of the malevolent, self-aware artificial intelligence (AI) system in The Terminator movie franchise.

But there’s no connection other than the name and, in any case, real life is always more prosaic.

What we do know is that Skynet-1A was manufactured in the US by the now defunct Philco Ford aerospace company and put in space by a US Air Force Delta rocket.

“The first Skynet satellite revolutionised UK telecommunications capacity, permitting London to securely communicate with British forces as far away as Singapore. However, from a technological standpoint, Skynet-1A was more American than British since the United States both built and launched it,” remarked Dr Aaron Bateman in a recent paper on the history of the Skynet programme, which is now on its fifth generation.

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This view is confirmed by Graham Davison who flew Skynet-1A in the early 70s from its UK operations centre at RAF Oakhanger in Hampshire.

“The Americans originally controlled the satellite in orbit. They tested all of our software against theirs, before then eventually handing over control to the RAF,” the long-retired engineer told me.

“In essence, there was dual control, but when or why Skynet-1A might have been handed back to the Americans, which seems likely – I’m afraid I can’t remember,” says Mr Davison, who is now in his 80s.

Sunnyvale Heritage Park Museum A rectangular blue building surrounded by outbuildings and roads. Two large satellite dishes can also be seen.Sunnyvale Heritage Park Museum

Could the command to move Skynet-1A have come from the US Air Force’s ‘Blue Cube’?

Rachel Hill, a PhD student from University College London, has also been scouring the National Archives.

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Her readings have led her to one very reasonable possibility.

“A Skynet team from Oakhanger would go to the USAF satellite facility in Sunnyvale (colloquially known as the Blue Cube) and operate Skynet during ‘Oakout’. This was when control was temporarily transferred to the US while Oakhanger was down for essential maintenance. Perhaps the move could have happened then?” Ms Hill speculated.

The official, though incomplete, logs of Skynet-1A’s status suggest final commanding was left in the hands of the Americans when Oakhanger lost sight of the satellite in June 1977.

But however Skynet-1A then got shifted to its present position, it was ultimately allowed to die in an awkward place when really it should have been put in an “orbital graveyard”.

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This refers to a region even higher in the sky where old space junk runs zero risk of running into active telecommunications satellites.

Graveyarding is now standard practice, but back in the 1970s no-one gave much thought to space sustainability.

Astroscale Astroscale engineers and a prototype robotic arm for space debris mitigationAstroscale

British engineers are developing technologies to snare defunct satellites in low orbits

Attitudes have since changed because the space domain is getting congested.

At 105 degrees West longitude, an active satellite might see a piece of junk come within 50km of its position up to four times a day.

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That might sound like they’re nowhere near each other, but at the velocities these defunct objects move it’s starting to get a little too close for comfort.

The Ministry of Defence said Skynet-1A was constantly monitored by the UK’s National Space Operations Centre. Other satellite operators are informed if there’s likely to be a particularly close conjunction, in case they need to take evasive action.

Northrop Grumman Northrop Grumman's Mission Extension Vehicle-1 approaches Intelsat-901Northrop Grumman

The Americans have already shown it’s possible to grab a high-orbiting satellite

Ultimately, though, the British government may have to think about removing the old satellite to a safer location.

Technologies are being developed to grab junk left in space.

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Already, the UK Space Agency is funding efforts to do this at lower altitudes, and the Americans and the Chinese have shown it’s possible to snare ageing hardware even in the kind of high orbit occupied by Skynet-1A.

“Pieces of space junk are like ticking time bombs,” observed Moriba Jah, a professor of aerospace engineering at the University of Texas at Austin.

“We need to avoid what I call super-spreader events. When these things explode or something collides with them, it generates thousands of pieces of debris that then become a hazard to something else that we care about.”



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NYT Strands today — hints, answers and spangram for Saturday, November 9 (game #251)

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NYT Strands homescreen on a mobile phone screen, on a light blue background

Strands is the NYT’s latest word game after the likes of Wordle, Spelling Bee and Connections – and it’s great fun. It can be difficult, though, so read on for my Strands hints.

Want more word-based fun? Then check out my Wordle today, NYT Connections today and Quordle today pages for hints and answers for those games.

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ChatGPT monthly usage may now rival Google Chrome

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ChatGPT monthly usage may now rival Google Chrome
A person sits in front of a laptop. On the laptop screen is the home page for OpenAI's ChatGPT artificial intelligence chatbot.
Viralyft / Unsplash

A number of popular generative AI platforms are seeing consistent growth as users are figuring out how they want to use the tools — and ChatGPT is at the top of the list with the most visits, at 3.7 billion worldwide. So many people are visiting the AI chatbot, and its figures are rivaling browser market share. It can only be compared to Google Chrome figures in terms of monthly users, which is estimated to be around 3.45 billion.

Statistics from Similarweb indicate that ChatGPT saw a 17.2% month-over-month (MoM) growth and a 115.9% year-over-year (YoY) traffic growth. Some highlights that spurned the ChatGPT growth during 2024 include its parent company, OpenAI, updating its web address from a subdomain, chat.openai.com, to a main domain, chatgpt.com. The tool especially saw a surge of traffic in May 2024, when it hit a 2.2-billion-visit milestone, and has been growing ever since, according to Similarweb researcher David F. Carr.

Similarweb statistics on ChatGPT user growth since its inception.
Similarweb 

While ChatGPT has had an infamous presence in the technology industry since November 2022, OpenAI, continues to flesh out its product with new versions, features, and supplementary applications, or GPTs, to keep users interested. Recently, the company introduced ChatGPT Search, an in-house search engine feature that allows users to receive real-time answers to queries, such as sports scores, breaking news, and stock quotes.

Many note how the generative AI tool has come full circle to offer services very similar to the industry its intended to displace, Google Search. Overall, the web-based versions of ChatGPT would still rely on browsers to exist. In comparison, Google’s Chrome browser has a solid market share of 35.4 billion users in 2024. It has seen minimal growth YoY but has grown 45.35% in the last 5 years, according to Statscounter.

Other recent news indicates that OpenAI has purchased the domain name Chat.com; however, there is no word on what the company plans to do with this product.

Meanwhile, other AI tools continue to see traffic and growth, despite not being at the same level as ChatGPT. Despite recent plagiarism claims, the Perplexity chatbot has seen 90.8 million visits in October, a 25.5% MoM growth and 199.2% YoY growth. Google’s Gemini Chatbot saw 291.6 million visits in October, a 6.2% MoM growth and 19% YoY growth after the company introduced a new ChromeOS update that brought new AI features to its Chromebooks.

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Anthropic’s Claude chatbot has seen 84.1 million visits in October, a 25.5% MoM growth and 394.9% YoY growth, after recently rolling out a desktop application for Windows and macOS. Microsoft’s web-based Copilot website saw 69.4 million visits in October, an 87.6% MoM growth.

Lastly, NotebookLM has seen 31.5 million visits in October, an over 200% MoM growth. Based on Google generative models, the note-taking, document, link, and content collection app allows users to process and summarize different formats of information using AI prompts.



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Pixel Watch Performance Loop band gets brief Google spotlight

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Pixel Watch Performance Loop band gets brief Google spotlight

Google accidentally posted a leak of the Performance Loop band for its Pixel Watch lineup recently. This isn’t the first leak of the smartwatch accessory and it’s not even the first time Google showed off the band. It was featured in marketing for a short period when the Pixel Watch 3 was launched earlier this year. It was also leaked through Best Buy Canada, with all colors being showcased, before Google had the listings pulled.

This is because the band still hasn’t been released and Google hasn’t officially announced it. Chances are though, that a release is close at hand, given that it’s been leaked by retailers already. This most recent leak of the Google Pixel Watch Performance Loop band was published in a Pixel Watch Help community forum post, which was spotted by Droid Life. The post itself wasn’t about the Performance Loop band but the featured image that was used showed off the band in two of the available colors.

Google has since pulled that image and replaced it, but not before it was grabbed.

The Pixel Watch Performance Loop band leak shows off two colors

The band may not have been officially announced but you still get a look at two of the colors Google will offer it in. Although the image has been pulled, while it was up, both the Light and Mojito color options were displayed. As noted by 9To5Google it will also be coming in two other colors. Before the Best Buy Canada listing was removed back in September, all four colors of the band were shown off, and included the names of each color.

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In addition to Light and Mojito, the Performance Loop band will also come in Dark and Cosmic options. These will all no doubt hit the Google Store once they’re released. Google also recently started selling third-party bands in the store as of this week. At the moment there is only one option though.

Google Pixel Watch 3 Performance Loop Band Leak

Google wants to know what your favorite Pixe Watch band combination is

The community forum post where the band was briefly on display was mainly about which band combinations people like to use with their Pixel Watch. Google lists off a variety of combinations that include specific bands with a certain style of watch face. Almost like a recommended wine pairing for food at a fancy restaurant. For example, Google suggests trying out the Duo watch face with a leather band. Calling it “bold and bright.”

It also suggests a bright color band with a themed watch face if you want something “fun and funky.” Of course, the Performance Loop band isn’t mentioned. But, you can see it in the image above.

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