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Bitcoin, Oil, and Stock Markets Flip as Trump’s Iran Deadline Nears Deal Breakthrough

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Oil prices dropped sharply late April 7 while Bitcoin climbed back toward $70,000, as markets reacted to signs that a last-minute diplomatic breakthrough between the US and Iran may be close.

Reports from CNN citing a regional source said “some good news is expected from both sides soon,” with expectations that a deal could be finalized before President Donald Trump’s deadline expires. The shift in tone comes just hours after markets braced for potential escalation in the Middle East.

Bitcoin rebounded to around $69,900, recovering intraday losses, while oil pulled back from earlier highs as traders priced in a lower risk of supply disruption.

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Trump’s Deadline Pushes Markets to the Edge

Earlier in the day, Trump imposed a hard deadline of 8 p.m. ET (midnight GMT) for Iran to agree to a US proposal that includes reopening the Strait of Hormuz. 

He warned that failure to comply would trigger large-scale strikes on Iran’s infrastructure, including power plants and transport networks.

The rhetoric escalated quickly. Trump said a “whole civilization will die tonight” if no deal is reached, while US and Israeli strikes intensified across Iranian targets ahead of the deadline. 

Donald Trump’s Post on ‘Destroying Iranian Civilization’ 

Iran responded with threats of regional retaliation and urged civilians to form human chains around critical infrastructure.

Markets reacted in real time. Oil surged on fears of prolonged disruption to global supply routes, while risk assets, including crypto, saw volatility. Now, on reports of positive diplomatic developments, oil price has sharply dropped.

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Crude Oil Price Drops on Potential De-Escalation in the Iran War. Source: TradingView

Pakistan Mediation and Last-Minute Deal Signals

Diplomacy accelerated in the final hours. Pakistan, acting as a key intermediary, formally requested a two-week extension to allow negotiations to continue. 

Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif urged both sides to observe a temporary ceasefire and reopen the Strait of Hormuz as a goodwill measure.

The White House confirmed Trump was reviewing the proposal. At the same time, US officials said negotiations were ongoing, and Iran signaled it was considering the extension.

Now, with reports pointing to a possible agreement “tonight,” markets are shifting from panic to cautious optimism. The drop in oil and Bitcoin’s rebound suggest traders are positioning for de-escalation rather than immediate conflict.

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Since FTX, Institutions No Longer Want to Keep Crypto on Exchanges

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Ray Dalio Warns of World Order Breakdown: Is Crypto at Risk?

Institutions are accelerating their adoption of crypto, with major players steadily entering the market and expanding their exposure to digital assets. But while participation is rising, the way these institutions engage with the ecosystem has fundamentally changed.

The old model, where funds parked large amounts of capital directly on crypto exchanges, is being replaced. In its place is a new architecture where trading and custody are no longer intertwined.

“Counterparty risk awareness in crypto comes in cycles, and the recent major cyber-attack has triggered one of the largest waves of exchange derisking since FTX. It is yet another reminder that separating crypto custody from exchange trading is essential for security,” says Dominic Lohberger, Sygnum Chief Product Officer.

How FTX Broke Institutional Trust in Exchange Custody

Before 2022, the dominant strategy was simple. Deposit funds onto an exchange, execute trades, and leave capital there for convenience and speed. Exchanges acted as both trading venues and custodians. That model worked, until it didn’t.

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The collapse of FTX exposed a critical flaw. Investors were taking on massive, often invisible counterparty risk. FTX operated as an exchange, custodian, lender, and clearinghouse all in one

What had been considered operational efficiency was suddenly recognized as a structural vulnerability. Customer assets were not held in verifiable, on-chain, segregated accounts. When the firm filed for bankruptcy, clients discovered their funds had been diverted to Alameda.

The damage extended well beyond FTX’s direct users. Galois Capital, a former registered investment adviser, shut down after half its assets were stuck on FTX when the exchange collapsed.

In September 2024, the SEC fined Galois $225,000 for failing “to comply with requirements related to the safeguarding of client assets.”

The Celsius bankruptcy added another layer of alarm. A US bankruptcy court ruled that customer deposits into Celsius Earn Accounts became the property of the debtors’ estate, not the depositors.

Investors who believed they were holding assets learned they were, in legal terms, unsecured creditors.

Research from Coalition Greenwich found that institutional-grade cold storage and exchange wallets were equally popular before the FTX collapse. That changed overnight.  

The industry mantra “not your keys, not your coins” evolved from a philosophical stance into a compliance requirement.

What Off-Exchange Settlement Actually Looks Like

The traditional crypto trading model required institutions to deposit funds into an exchange before placing a trade. The exchange held both the assets and the execution function, thereby concentrating risk in a single entity. 

Off-exchange settlement, or OES, flips this model. This new class of infrastructure is designed specifically to isolate risk. Assets remain with a third-party custodian or in a self-custodied wallet. 

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Instead of holding assets on exchanges, institutions now store them with third-party custodians. These custodians, often regulated entities or specialized infrastructure providers, secure funds in segregated wallets.

Trading still happens on exchanges, but with a key difference. Exchanges are granted limited access to a trading balance or credit line, typically backed by assets held in custody. 

The exchange can execute trades, but it cannot unilaterally move or withdraw the underlying funds. Settlement happens separately, often on a net basis after trades are completed.

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The Rise of Risk Isolation Models

In traditional finance, this separation between custody and execution has existed for decades. Crypto lacked this structure until several companies, including Fireblocks and Copper, built it.

The former launched Fireblocks Off Exchange in November 2023. Off-Exchange offers Collateral Vault Accounts (CVAs). 

These are on-chain wallets secured by Multi-Party Computation (MPC) cryptography. When an institution deposits assets into a CVA, the connected exchange receives a trading credit.

Copper’s ClearLoop is an off-exchange settlement solution in which assets remain in Copper’s MPC (Multi-Party Computation) custody. Trades settle on Copper’s own infrastructure.

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Both systems have gained significant traction. Deribit became the first exchange to fully integrate Fireblocks OES in February 2024. HTX followed in April 2025. 

“Since the launch, HTX has onboarded numerous institutional clients and recorded a 200% increase in trading volume, validating market demand for secure off-exchange settlement models,” the press release read.

Copper’s ClearLoop now connects several live exchanges, including Coinbase, OKX, Bybit, Deribit, Bitget, and more, facilitating over $50 billion in monthly notional trading volume. The Bybit hack of 2025 further demonstrated the advantages of off-exchange settlement.

How Bitcoin ETFs Made the Separation Permanent

The approval of spot Bitcoin (BTC) ETFs in January 2024 did more than open a new investment vehicle. It hardwired the custody-execution separation into the most visible crypto product on Wall Street.

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For instance, like many other ETFs, BlackRock’s iShares Bitcoin Trust ETF (IBIT) uses Coinbase Custody Trust Company, LLC. The structure is built so that Bitcoin sits in cold storage vaults, entirely separate from any trading venue. 

Creation and redemption of ETF shares follow an operational process in which assets move between the vault and trading balances within defined settlement windows. The exchange where IBIT trades on the secondary market never touches the underlying Bitcoin.

This is not an optional design choice. It is how ETFs work by definition. The custodian holds the asset. The authorized participant handles creation and redemption. The exchange handles price discovery. Three roles, three entities, no overlap.

Off-Exchange Trend Rises, but Coinbase Holds the Crown

While the shift away from exchange custody is real, the data suggest a more nuanced transition rather than a full-scale replacement. 

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Despite the rise of off-exchange models, Coinbase remains the dominant force in institutional crypto custody. The firm currently holds custody for over 80% of global crypto ETF assets.

It also serves as custodian for eight of the top 10 publicly traded companies with Bitcoin (BTC) on their balance sheets. 

This dominance is further reinforced by regulatory momentum. In April 2026, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency granted Coinbase conditional approval to charter Coinbase National Trust Company, a move that would allow it to operate as a federally regulated crypto custodian upon full approval.

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The significance of this shift is twofold. First, it strengthens Coinbase’s position as a qualified custodian, a key requirement for institutional investors such as asset managers, pension funds, and ETF issuers.

Second, it signals that while institutions are reducing exposure to exchange risk, they are not abandoning centralized players altogether.

Instead, capital is consolidating around a smaller group of regulated, systemically important custodians. This creates a hybrid market structure:

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  • Off-exchange infrastructure reduces direct counterparty risk
  • Regulated exchanges and custodians continue to anchor institutional trust
  • Market power concentrates in platforms that can offer both compliance and scale

In effect, the post-FTX evolution isn’t about eliminating intermediaries. It’s about redefining which intermediary institutions are willing to trust.

What Would Happen If an FTX-Scale Collapse Occurred Today

Amid growing attention toward off-exchange models, a natural question emerges: would an FTX-style failure still have the same impact on institutional capital?

Under the old model, an exchange collapse froze all deposited assets. Institutions became unsecured creditors in a years-long bankruptcy proceeding.

Under the current OES infrastructure, the outcome would differ substantially. If an exchange using Fireblocks OES collapsed, the institution’s assets would remain in its CVA. The principal never entered the exchange’s balance sheet. 

Fireblocks’ disaster recovery mechanism, powered by Coincover, also enables institutions to ensure operational security by eliminating single points of failure. The only exposure would be unsettled profit-and-loss from recent trades.

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With ClearLoop, the English Law Trust would shield client assets from both exchange and Copper insolvency. Again, an institution’s loss would be limited to any unsettled trading obligations, not the total portfolio.

At FTX, institutions lost their entire deposited balance. Under OES, the same scenario would expose them to days of unsettled P&L at most. That is the difference the new plumbing makes.

That distinction highlights the real impact of crypto’s changing infrastructure. The industry hasn’t eliminated risk, but it has significantly reduced the scope of catastrophic loss tied to exchange failure.

Market Scale and What Comes Next

The institutional crypto custody market hit approximately $3.2 billion in 2024. It is projected to reach $27.8 billion by 2033 at a 26.7% compound annual growth rate. 

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That growth reflects more than just new capital entering the market. It reflects a structural rebuild of how that capital is held, moved, and settled.

The next phase of that rebuild is already taking shape around tokenized collateral. Rather than locking up idle stablecoins or Bitcoin as margin on an exchange, institutions are beginning to use tokenized money market funds and yield-bearing stablecoins as on-exchange.

“Institutions aren’t chasing speculation; they’re chasing capital efficiency. Off-exchange settlement delivers that by putting custody and control back where they belong. As tokenised collateral and regulated venues converge, OES will become the default workflow for serious institutional participation,” Wing Cheah, Product Manager, Interchange, said.

Traditional banks are also entering the picture. In 2025, BBVA partnered with Binance to offer regulated off-exchange custody services to Binance’s institutional clients.

Nomura’s digital assets arm, Laser Digital, applied for an OCC license to open a national trust bank focused on crypto custody, spot trading, and staking for clients. 

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These moves signal that the custody function is migrating from crypto-native firms into the broader financial system. Taken together, these developments point in a consistent direction.

The custody function is quietly migrating away from exchanges. Liquidity and price discovery remain on the trading venue, but the assets themselves increasingly do not.

What started as a post-FTX demand from a handful of institutional players is gradually becoming the default wiring of the market. The separation is not yet complete, but the direction has not reversed either.

The post Since FTX, Institutions No Longer Want to Keep Crypto on Exchanges appeared first on BeInCrypto.

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Federal judge blocks Arizona from bringing criminal charges against Kalshi

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Federal judge blocks Arizona from bringing criminal charges against Kalshi

A federal judge has blocked the state of Arizona from bringing criminal charges against prediction market provider Kalshi, at least temporarily, in response to a motion from the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.

District Judge Michael Liburdi, in the District of Arizona, ruled Friday that Arizona cannot hold an arraignment of Kalshi as scheduled on Monday, April 13. Arizona announced last month it would file 20 criminal charges against Kalshi for offering what the state claimed were betting products in violation of Arizona law.

“Defendants are temporarily restrained and enjoined from enforcing AZ’s gambling laws in any criminal or civil enforcement actions to any contracts listed on CFTC-regulated [designated contract markets],” the judge ruled in the temporary restraining order, according to Paradigm senior regulatory counsel Stefan Schropp.

In a statement Friday, CFTC Chair Michael Selig said the regulator “appreciated” the judge’s decision.

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“Arizona’s decision to weaponize state criminal law against companies that comply with federal law sets a dangerous precedent, and the court’s order today sends a clear message that intimidation is not an acceptable tactic to circumvent federal law,” he said.

The CFTC sued Arizona and two other states arguing that prediction markets, otherwise known as event contracts, are swaps subject to the federal agency’s supervision, and that its role preempts state law.

It’s a view that’s seen largely mixed results in court; state courts have often sided with states, such as when a Nevada state court ruled that the Gaming Control Board could temporarily block Kalshi while a broader case moves forward.

Federal courts have had different results; the Third Circuit Court of Appeals ruled earlier this week that prediction markets are subject to CFTC rule, and it was up to the CFTC’s discretion on if it wanted to block providers from offering sports-related products or not.

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The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals declined to weigh in on the aforementioned Nevada action, allowing that state court to block Kalshi, but it will hold a hearing on a consolidated case next week allowing various providers and other parties to argue.

Judge Liburdi of Arizona granted the CFTC’s motion to block the Arizona state action against Kalshi two days after denying Kalshi’s own motion for a preliminary injunction against the state.

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Optimism Enables Agents, DApps to Request Wallet Execution Permissions on OP Mainnet

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Optimism Enables Agents, DApps to Request Wallet Execution Permissions on OP Mainnet

MetaMask now supports the ERC-7715 standard, allowing agents and dApps to request execution permissions on OP Mainnet.

Optimism announced that agents and decentralized applications can now request wallet execution permissions on OP Mainnet, with MetaMask enabling builders to request these permissions using the ERC-7715 standard. The update unlocks new permission models for dApps and agents operating on the Optimism network.

ERC-7715 is a token standard for permission-based execution, allowing for more granular control over what actions dApps and agents can perform with user wallets. The integration with MetaMask expands the capability of applications built on Optimism to implement sophisticated permission frameworks beyond basic transaction approval.

Sources: Optimism

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This article was generated automatically by The Defiant’s AI news system from publicly available sources.

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Bitcoin Community Weighs Reports of Hormuz Oil Tanker Fees Payable in BTC

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Dollar, Iran, Stablecoin, Bitcoin Adoption

The Bitcoin (BTC) community is discussing the feasibility and implications of the Iranian government accepting BTC for tolls paid by oil tankers crossing the Strait of Hormuz, a critical shipping lane through which about 20% of the global oil supply passes. 

The reactions were sparked by a Financial Times report, published on Wednesday, which said that the Iranian government was considering BTC payments for oil tolls to avoid sanctions imposed by the United States.

Several conflicting reports have been published since the Financial Times article, which suggest that the tolls are payable in stablecoins or Chinese yuan, according to Alex Thorn, the head of firmwide research at crypto investment firm Galaxy. 

Dollar, Iran, Stablecoin, Bitcoin Adoption
A map of the Strait of Hormuz. Source: Encyclopedia Britannica

BTC advocate Justin Bechler said that stablecoins can be frozen by the issuer and cited the compliance controls introduced in the GENIUS stablecoin regulatory framework as reasons why the Iranian government would not collect tolls in US-dollar stablecoins. He said:

“USDT and USDC include built-in blacklist functions at the smart contract level. When an address is flagged, the issuer can freeze the tokens, rendering them completely illiquid. The law’s enforcement depends entirely on the compliance of issuers.

Bitcoin has no issuer, no compliance officer to pressure, and no freeze function. Iran’s pivot toward Bitcoin follows directly from this structural reality,” he added. 

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If the Iranian government begins accepting BTC for oil tanker payments, it would boost Bitcoin’s credibility as a neutral settlement layer for international transactions, advocates say.

Dollar, Iran, Stablecoin, Bitcoin Adoption
Source: Jack Mallers

Related: Crypto Biz: Will Bitcoin secure safe passage through the Hormuz Strait?

Iran would likely use QR codes to collect BTC payments

Thorn estimated that each oil tanker would need to pay between $200,000 and $2 million in tolls to pass through the Strait of Hormuz.

The initial reporting from the Financial Times cited a spokesperson for Iran’s Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Products Exporters’ Union, who said that ships would have a “few seconds” to complete payment in BTC.

This suggests that ships would pay via the Lightning Network, a layer-2 payment solution for BTC that allows parties to send transactions in seconds, rather than waiting for the 10-minute block confirmation.

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However, the largest known transaction over the Lightning network to date has been for $1 million, Thorn said. 

“More likely, the Iranian authorities would provide a QR code or alphanumeric Bitcoin address to the ships upon approval of their requests to pass through the Strait,” he added.

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