Tech
Why Soccer Still Defies Statistical Analysis
The role of advanced analytics in sports is a contentious subject. To its defenders, data-driven pragmatism is a natural evolutionary step in the way we play and watch games. For detractors, the approach prioritizes results above all else and drains the soul from a pursuit that should be spontaneous and joyful.
As someone who is neither pragmatic nor spontaneous, I don’t qualify for either camp, though I find the very notion of applying this kind of research to soccer fascinating and even admirable. The game is resistant to orderly examination by design. Like preparing a tax return for a housecat, it takes a stupendous amount of ingenuity just to figure out which questions to ask, to say nothing of finding the answers.
While baseball can be a spreadsheet task, soccer matches amount to meandering free-verse written in 90-minute chunks. Luke Bornn is a data scientist who specializes in movement studies. Thanks to his background analyzing complex bodies in motion, he realized he was uniquely suited to explore the nature of such an evasive game. While at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Bornn worked on ways to detect how much damage helicopter blades can sustain before it compromises the chopper’s ability to stay airborne. He has mapped climate data to predict crop yield and studied how herds of massive land mammals move about the fruited plain. The ebb and flow of a soccer match, while mysterious, were not altogether unfamiliar, and he has pioneered ways to quantify some of the game’s amorphous spirit.
Along with frequent collaborator Javier Fernández, Bornn has published academic papers with titles like “Wide Open Spaces: A Statistical Technique for Measuring Space Creation in Professional Soccer.” In this study, the data scientists examine the ways players without the ball can manipulate opponents’ positioning on the pitch. Like the stylus of a Magna Doodle dragging metallic particles about the toy’s surface, seemingly uninvolved parties can contort the very geography of their foes to open new avenues of attack.
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Thanks to player tracking technology, this is now a quantifiable skill, and, like so many things, Lionel Messi is great at it. Through their research, Bornn and Fernández found that Messi is perhaps one of the best walkers in all of soccer. The Argentine legend is prone to lollygagging, and common conjecture has been that he’s either conserving energy or just can’t be bothered. While this may be part of it, their study demonstrates that Messi’s slow saunters about the pitch short-circuit defenses in unique ways. “That walking behavior is not a detachment from the match but a conscious action to move through empty spaces of value and claim the control of valuable space,” they write. “Messi does this very effectively, placing him near the top of players in terms of space gained during the whole match, despite the lack of active gain.”
In other words, Messi can achieve more on a stroll than most players do with an all-out sprint.
Ask the people who work deep inside soccer’s analytical engine rooms about how their work affects the way they view the game, and you’ll get some illuminating responses. “I watch in a strange way,” Bornn says. “I tend to watch with an eye toward what the tactical system could be, or whether the data that’s being collected is miscapturing what’s going on, or that the data might capture the core components but our models will miss what’s going on. It has kind of ruined sports for me.”
Sarah Rudd tends to agree. “It’s a little exhausting watching every game so analytically,” she says. “It’s hard to turn off that part of your brain, but you still want to be a fan and you want to enjoy.” Rudd got into soccer analytics so early, she essentially had to invent it from scratch. After graduating from Columbia University, she spent a few years living in Chile, where she fell further in love with her favorite sport. She fondly recalls squinting at her small, standard-definition television set to watch broadcasts of matches from Argentina. “You had to really know the teams,” she says. “If you weren’t really familiar with the teams, you couldn’t figure out who players were. It’s hard to read the numbers, and you couldn’t really see their faces.”
Rudd and her boyfriend at the time invented a game based on this challenge. “We would turn on the TV, and if Boca [Juniors] was playing, it was how quickly can you spot Carlos Tevez. Not because of his face but because he had this really weird running style. It was like, ‘Ope! There he is.’” Built like a fire hydrant, the stout, pugnacious Tevez was a rabid delivery robot programmed to kill on the pitch. Just thinking about it makes Rudd wistful: “What a player.”
Of her time in South America, Rudd recalls, “It made me want to work in football even more.” She took a gig doing data mining and machine learning for Microsoft in Seattle but continued to search for entry points into the sports industry. “A friend of mine suggested that I do an MBA program and then see if I could get a job at Nike or Adidas in their football business unit.” In 2011 she caught wind of a contest being held by sports analytics company StatDNA. “They were doing a research competition where they gave you a dataset,” she says, noting that, until that point “there was practically nothing” of the sort that had been collected for soccer.
Using a spreadsheet of rudimentary player-location data, Rudd set out to devise a method for analyzing an individual’s performance in more complex ways than simple goals and assists. “There wasn’t a ton of direction,” she recalls. “I think just from watching the game I was interested in evaluating how much value are people adding with every action that they do. Not necessarily trying to evaluate alternatives but being able to somewhat quantify, like, that was a dangerous giveaway, or it’s stupid to take a shot from there, that sort of thing.” To accomplish this she used Markov chains, a statistical tool that helps determine the likelihood of something happening within a system based on its current state.
First introduced in 1906, Markov chains represent a departure from the principle of absolute independence, a core tenant of probability theory seen in things like roulette wheels where each spin offers a fresh experiment with repeated odds. The chains are a way to examine ongoing scenarios where each starting point presents a different opportunity for the future. In the magazine American Scientist, Brian Hayes uses the board game Monopoly as an example:
The chains were invented by and named for Andrey Markov, an ornery Russian mathematician who, according to Hayes’ reporting, stopped attending meetings at the Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg late in his career because he claimed he didn’t have proper shoes. When the school sent him a pair of new boots, he said they were “stupidly stitched,” thus proving that his current state (pissed off) contributed to the likelihood of his return (zero).
The roots of Markov’s discovery sprouted from a dispute over the law of large numbers and free will. He long believed the universe was a series of events whose interconnectedness can be understood through mathematics. He refined this idea by condensing the text of the Alexander Pushkin novel in verse Eugene Onegin into one long sequence of letters suitable for mathematical analysis. In doing this, he discovered that stable patterns of double vowels and double consonants appeared throughout the work. Taking a large sample from the beginning of the text, he was able to determine that letter distribution didn’t adhere to the principle of independence, demonstrating that even something as beautiful and fluid as poetry was prisoner to the cold deductive properties of mathematics. He published his first paper on the subject in 1906 and formally presented his findings in 1913, one year after his request to be excommunicated from the Russian Orthodox Church.
“Any attempt to simulate probable events based on vast amounts of data—the weather, a Google search, the behavior of liquids—relies on Markov’s idea,” states an article in the Harvard Gazette. Sarah Rudd, who studied computer and environmental science as an undergrad at Columbia University and worked on Microsoft’s Bing search engine, added soccer to this list. Her paper “A Framework for Tactical Analysis and Individual Offensive Production Assessment in Soccer Using Markov Chains” placed players into one of 39 “states,” depending on things like location and ball possession to calculate the likelihood of what would happen next.
Rudd’s work was impressive enough to win her both the competition and a job with StatDNA. When the company was acquired by Premier League giant Arsenal the following year, Rudd suddenly found herself in London working for her favorite team and introducing the backroom staff to her advanced research. She spent nearly a decade at the club and became the head of analytics before leaving in 2021 to start her own firm with her husband.
“One of our jobs is to be the calm voice of reason,” Rudd says. “This is one of the things I like about consulting versus working for a club. You can be a little bit emotionally detached. You can be a little bit calmer. Because when you’re at the training ground every day, emotions are high. It’s a really stressful environment. There’s a lot at stake.”
In an interview with The Athletic, Rudd says she started her own firm, in part, “to figure out football.” I ask her what this would look like, and she concedes that “it’s really hard,” almost to the point of being self-defeating. “One of the difficult things about analytics in football is that there are so many different ways to win. There are so many trade-offs. I think somebody described it as trying to cover yourself with a blanket that’s too short. If you press really high, that’s going to come at the expense of something else. There are a few things we know that really help you win, but there’s still a whole lot where you could be just as effective doing something else.”
No matter how much research is done, soccer maintains its severe allergy to simple answers. Even something as fundamental as whether you want your team to have the ball or not is up for debate at the highest levels. As Dutch legend Johan Cruyff argued, a “footballer has to have the ball at his feet.”
Diametrically opposed to this philosophy is José Mourinho, one of the most successful managers of the 21st century. The rakish Portuguese gadfly opined that “whoever has the ball has fear,” preferring that his teams lie in wait and capitalize on opponents’ mistakes like the humans in The War of the Worlds who hunkered down until the Martians caught a sniffle and died.
Where else can such drastically conflicting worldviews have equal footing but in the poorly designed experiment that is soccer? “For so long it was, like, if only we have really wide-scale access to tracking data, that will solve all of our problems,” Rudd tells me. “And then we got it and, nope, we still have lots of problems.”
Reflecting on her 2011 paper using Markov chains, Sarah Rudd can’t help but poke holes in the research that made her a pioneer of the movement. “At the time I wrote that paper, I wasn’t looking at it nearly as analytically as I do now,” she says. “I think there were definitely a lot of decisions that I would have done differently, particularly, how you break down the field.” Rudd divided the pitch into equal boxes, dividing the expanse of open grass into a grid of easy-to-track cells. It was order from chaos manufactured out of misguided desperation. “Now we know that how the pitch operates isn’t necessarily linear or in neat little squares,” Rudd says. “There are certain zones where things happen for a number of reasons that don’t quite align with those pitch markings.” These areas of congestion are nebulous and reactive to tactical trends, such as defenses funneling play out wide or pressing high when out of possession, strategies informed by the work of people like Bornn and Rudd, analysts who are pulling at the proverbial blanket in offices unseen from public view.
“I’m not a huge fan of jumping straight to pragmatism if that’s not what’s required,” Rudd tells me. “We have to remember that we’re in the entertainment industry. It’s got to be fun.”
Excerpted from How to Watch Soccer Like a Genius: What Architects, Stuntwomen, Paleoanthropologists, and Computer Scientists Reveal About the World’s Game. Copyright © 2026 by Nick Greene. Used with permission of the publisher, Abrams Books. All rights reserved.
Tech
Bottles of Blue Water Spell Out Every Passing Minute on This Unique Digital Clock

Strange Inventions set out to create a clock that would stand out from the crowd. Water becomes the focal point of the show, with the numerals formed by little bottles filled to various levels. The display consists of four grids arranged side by side. Each grid contains 15 tiny bottles placed neatly in a 3×5 design. Some bottles contain blue-dyed water, while others are empty. The arrangement of full and empty bottles produces a clear image of the current hour and minute.
Each of the 60 bottles in the display is attached to one small membrane pump. When a “pixel” has to light up, its pump must draw water from the basin at the bottom and transfer it directly into the bottle. Water only flows in one direction. Servos are responsible for the opposite end of things. Each number grid contains a frame that the servos can swing forwards on. When it’s time to update the display, the servos tip all of the bottles at once, causing all of the water to gush out and fall back into the basin, where it may be reused. At this stage, the pumps only work for the bottles that need to be changed.
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The majority of the pixels are always filled, so when the minute passes, the system just skips them and does not perform a full update. However, if a large number of pixels need to be switched, updating the display can take several minutes. The inventor began with a different plan. A single peristaltic pump would force water through tubes and solenoid valves into any bottles that need it. The same pump would then reverse direction, pulling the water back out. A shared loop of tubes would tie everything together.

However, things started going wrong almost immediately. As soon as the water started flowing, air bubbles formed inside the tubes, and pressure varied dramatically from bottle to bottle. Some filled up quickly, while others took a long time. This all came crashing down when it ruined the display’s clean appearance. You can imagine how aggravating it was to keep running into the same problems over and over. It needed to be totally redesigned, so individual pumps for each bottle were utilized rather than a single common pump. The servos were also brought in to manage the bottle-emptying. Water now only goes one way via the pumps and then down into the basin via gravity.

The tubes running through the center of each bottle help prevent snagging when the servos tip the bottles. The servos themselves have a little more oomph thanks to some springs that assist them push through any impediment. A little sanding and oil assist keep things working smoothly, allowing the grids to swing cleanly each time. It took three months between the first prototype and the finished clock. Early iterations taught the team an important lesson about how messy water can be when working with electronics. Finally, the clock simply recycles the same blue water repeatedly, while a tiny brain (microcontroller) ensures that the pumps and servos function smoothly and on time.
[Source]
Tech
Dual-layer OLED display panels for iPhone are still years away
The iPhone 18 Pro will not be getting a dual-layer OLED display like the one in the iPad Pro, with overheating the main obstacle to introduction.
The iPhone uses OLED for its display tech, and there have been rumors about Apple making a tweak to improve the brightness. A regular leaker with a mixed history insists it isn’t happening soon.
According to a Monday post from Weibo leaker Instant Digital, the iPhone 18 Pro won’t have dual-layer OLED for the display.
The dual-layer OLED refers to what is better known in the Apple catalog as Tandem OLED, which is used by the iPad Pro. In essence, instead of using one OLED panel, the system uses two, with one layered upon the other.
As OLED is a self-illuminating display tech that doesn’t require backlighting, stacking the panels increases the amount of emitted light while minimizing wastage. For consumers, this means a much brighter display.
Dual-layer OLED as a throttling savior
Tandem OLED can also be a benefit for the iPhone by making it more capable outdoors. Instant Digital’s post discusses how the iPhone 17 Pro didn’t do a great job of maintaining brightness outdoors.
Part of the problem is thermal management, as the display can help the iPhone heat up and eventually throttle under hot conditions.
To the leaker, a dual-layer OLED approach would be beneficial since it would give a way to have a much brighter display, while generating less heat. Achieving this would make the iPhone better to use in sunlight, without fear of throttling.
As for the iPhone 18 Pro, Apple is still in the process of determining the suppliers of display panels. Usual suppliers Samsung Display and LG Display are the frontrunners, but BOE isn’t doing well enough to supply for the premium models.
While Weibo leakers are not usually considered to be highly accurate, with Instant Digital among the most prominent, we cannot dismiss the rumor as just being an obvious prediction outright. Others have discussed the idea in the past, with the timetable lining up with this rumor.
Back in August 2025, there were claims that LG Display was working on a tandem OLED technology for use in a future iPhone. At the time, a source said that the display could arrive in 2028, far too late for the iPhone 18 Pro.
Tech
What Does UHD Stand For When It Comes To TVs & Monitors?
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Go shopping for a new TV or monitor and you’re bound to see buzzwords like FHD (Full High Definition), OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode), and UHD, which stands for Ultra High Definition. But what do these actually mean?
Terms like FHD and UHD refer to the clarity of the picture. A TV that offers Full High Definition displays a picture that is 1920 x 1080 pixels, regardless of the physical screen size. Ultra High Definition displays offer a pixel count of 3840 x 2160, a four times increase in visual fidelity over FHD displays. The higher the pixel count, the more detailed the picture.
You might have seen 3840 x 2160 (UHD) displays referred to as “4K,” but there are actually a few distinct differences between 4K and UHD when it comes to displays. Along the same vein, you may be wondering how terms like OLED tie in. These extras are separate from the UHD resolution, and knowing whether or not you need them will drastically change the price range of the display you’re searching for.
How much does a UHD TV cost?
There’s no one set price point for UHD displays. Instead, you have to consider the bigger picture — several factors affect price besides the image resolution. The biggest contributors to the price tag are panel size and type, refresh rate, and any additional features. This means a smaller LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) TV with barebones functionality will be much cheaper than a larger OLED display with smart TV benefits, even though both have a UHD resolution.
The low end of UHD TVs run from around $200 to $500. On the high end, the sky is the limit for the price tag. It all depends on what you get on top of that Ultra High Definition picture quality. If you’re a gamer, you’ll want a higher refresh rate to match modern console output. If you have a PS5, for instance, you’d benefit from a smart TV with a 120Hz refresh rate. You may also like the look of HDR (High Dynamic Range) technology and want Dolby Atmos speakers. All of these added features play a part, but if you’re into the best possible quality while you watch movies and sports, you’ll want to look into an OLED, Mini-LED, or QNED panel.
UHD vs OLED and QNED
UHD resolution and LCD, OLED, or QNED panels are not mutually exclusive. Instead, qualifiers like LCD refer to how a display illuminates its pixels. OLED displays are a great choice for TVs because of their self-illuminating pixels and various layers of anodes and cathodes. In practice, this translates to bright, vibrant colors and deep, dark blacks.
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) has been around longer and won’t give you the same lively pop of color as OLED, but they’ll come in at a much lower asking price. QNED (Qualified Nano Enhanced Display) panels were coined by LG and are based on LCD displays but feature mini LEDs and provide better color contrast and less glare.
So, in order of least to greatest visual fidelity, the list goes LCD, QNED, then OLED – and any of these could be UHD TVs or monitors. Choosing what to opt for in a new display comes down to your daily needs and budget range. If you want the best of both worlds, QNED is a solid choice. If you’re after the cream of the crop, the best TV you can buy in 2026, according to Consumer Reports, is the Samsung QN65S90F, a 65-inch UHD OLED TV that checks every box. And if you just want something affordable and relatively high-quality, a UHD LCD panel is a good bargain option.
Tech
Is ChatGPT malware or safe to use on my Mac?
It’s too late to just update ChatGPT, you now have to re-download it from the developer
There have been some incidents involving a Mac telling a user that the ChatGPT app is malware and moving it to the trash. Overall, ChatGPT isn’t malware, and there’s a very easy fix.
This is not Apple making a judgement on the value of the ChatGPT app on the Mac, it’s macOS doing its job. Since 2022, macOS has included Xprotect, a feature you never usually need to know about, but which safeguards the Mac against malware.
In this case, as reported by users worldwide on social media, Xprotect had concluded that the ChatGPT app contained malware. Therefore the whole app is suspect, therefore macOS moves it to the Trash and won’t launch it.
There is nothing wrong with ChatGPT and it will not have installed malware on users’ Macs. To continue using it, the simplest way is to reinstall ChatGPT directly from the developer.
Apple’s Xprotect warning was legit, though, because of how it decides apps are legitimate, and how OpenAI changed that proof for both ChatGPT and ChatGPT Atlas. Apps are notarized through a certificate that shows they are legitimate, but OpenAI switched to a new certificate because of security concerns.
“We recently identified a security issue involving a third-party developer tool, Axios, that was part of a widely reported, broader industry incident,” wrote OpenAI in a blog post. “Out of an abundance of caution we are taking steps to protect the process that certifies our macOS applications are legitimate OpenAI apps.”
The company stresses that it found no evidence of the apps being altered, or user data accessed. It did also notifications via its apps that users should update urgently by May 8, 2026.
But for those users who did not, their copies of ChatGPT and ChatGPT Atlas are no longer notarized so the Mac will not run them. It’s inconvenient having to redownload the apps, but if OpenAI had not done this, bad actors could conceivably have created what would entirely appear to be legitimate ChatGPT apps.
Then, too, if Xprotect didn’t work the way it does, there would still be no way to prevent such malware from actually being installed on Macs.
Tech
The $8 Billion Economy Inside Counter-Strike 2
In addition to being a very popular first-person shooter game, Counter-Strike 2 is a great demonstration of the finest economic systems of games created so far. In particular, such an economic system is represented by virtual trading of items worth more than $8 billion. Indeed, one should bear in mind that this is not a typo – this figure really represents the cost of items worth $8 billion. It may be added that this amount is larger than GDP in many countries, despite not having any effect on the gameplay. So, how did some in-game items attain such a multi-billion dollar economy and what fuels it? We will explain.
How a Digital Skin Gets Its Price Tag

Every skin in CS2 has a set of properties that determine its value, and understanding them is the first step to making sense of this economy.
Rarity tier is the most obvious one. Skins are categorized from Consumer Grade (white, the most common) all the way up to Covert (red, the rarest non-knife items) and Contraband (the ultra-rare category with only one item — the M4A4 Howl). Knives and gloves sit in their own Extraordinary tier, which is part of why they command such premium prices.
Then there’s float value — a number between 0.00 and 1.00 that determines a skin’s visual condition. A float of 0.01 means the skin looks virtually brand new (Factory New), while 0.85 means it’s scratched up and Battle-Scarred. Two AK-47 Redlines might look similar at a glance, but a 0.01 float Factory New will sell for significantly more than a 0.15 Minimal Wear.
And finally, there are pattern-based factors. Certain skins like Case Hardened and Fade have pattern indexes that produce unique visual results. A Case Hardened AK-47 with a full blue gem pattern can sell for tens of thousands of dollars, while the same skin with a standard pattern might go for $40. Doppler knives have distinct phases, each with its own pricing tier. Even sticker placements matter — a skin with rare Katowice 2014 stickers in the right positions can multiply the base price several times over.
The Marketplace Ecosystem

Here’s where things get interesting from a tech perspective. Unlike most games where you buy skins from a single in-game store, CS2 has an entire ecosystem of competing marketplaces.
Steam Community Market is Valve’s own platform and the default option for most players. It’s integrated directly into the Steam client, making it convenient, but it comes with a 15% transaction fee and locks your earnings in Steam Wallet — you can’t cash out to real money.
It resulted in the creation of an extensive array of third-party marketplaces, which include websites like Skinport, DMarket, CSFloat, Buff163, and countless other options. These websites allow users to exchange skins for real money, using various means of payment, such as PayPal payments, bank transfers, and cryptocurrency transactions. The fee structures on these websites vary considerably, ranging from zero percent up to 10 percent and beyond.
This price fragmentation is exactly why analytics and comparison tools have become essential for anyone who takes CS2 trading seriously. Experienced traders routinely check CS2 prices across multiple platforms before making a move, because the price gap between the cheapest listing and the most expensive one for the same skin can easily be 15-30%.
Market Cap Tracking — Like Crypto, But For Skins
One of the more fascinating developments in the CS2 economy has been the adoption of financial tracking concepts borrowed from traditional and crypto markets.
The total CS2 market capitalization — the combined estimated value of every tradeable item in the ecosystem — is tracked in real time, much like how CoinMarketCap tracks cryptocurrency values.At the end of 2025, the peak market capitalization of CS2 was more than $6 billion; however, the market capitalization dropped by roughly 30% in a single move when Valve made an update (to be discussed later).
Such advanced monitoring is essential for the user to see whether the general market is expanding or contracting. If there is an increase in the market cap, then demand and investments are likely increasing; otherwise, a sharp drop may indicate a Valve update, season, or a major event in the global gaming economy.
The data-driven platform collects information from over 20 marketplaces and provides dashboards that contain trend analysis, volumes, and price movements that could have been taken directly from a professional stock trading platform. The economy of CS2 has reached such a degree of development that the very concept of “gaming” becomes irrelevant.
Trade-Up Contracts: The Economy’s Built-In Upgrade Path

Valve didn’t just build a marketplace — they built game mechanics directly into the economic system. However, the most crucial part is the Trade-Up Contracts where the user gets a skin from the next level collection using ten skins from the current level collection.
Even though this concept seems quite simple, it requires rather complex mathematical calculations. Namely, the output skin’s type is dependent on the input collections’ types, whereas its float is calculated according to the average float of all input skins scaled to the output collection’s range. Thus, an advanced player may affect the probability of getting a certain skin via inputs manipulation.
To explain, if seven skins belong to one collection while three skins are from another, the output skin will most probably originate from the first collection. If the first collection contains a $500 skin at the next tier and the second contains a $30 skin, you can engineer a heavily weighted gamble in your favor.
But here’s the catch — the math only works if you actually run the numbers. The inputs might cost $80 in total, but if the expected value of the output is only $60, you’re making a bad bet regardless of the potential upside. That’s why experienced traders simulate their contracts using a CS2 trade-up calculator before committing any skins. These tools predict every possible outcome with exact probabilities, float projections, and expected profit or loss.
The trade-up system was further shaken in October 2025 when Valve added the ability to trade up Covert skins into knives and gloves — something that was previously impossible. Players could suddenly turn five Covert skins worth roughly $5-10 each into knives that were previously selling for $1,000+. The result? Knife prices crashed overnight, the total market cap dropped by hundreds of millions, and the entire pricing hierarchy had to readjust.
The Tech Infrastructure Behind It All
All that lies beneath all these graphs and calculations is quite a bit of technology. Real-time data feeds, APIs, and aggregators pull pricing information from several different marketplaces simultaneously.
Automated trading, monitoring services, portfolio management tools, and other such applications are developed by third parties using the marketplace APIs. Some platforms offer their own developer APIs with endpoints for price recommendations, market analytics, and cross-platform price comparison — essentially creating the financial infrastructure layer that the CS2 economy needed to operate at scale.
Steam itself provides API access for inventory data, market listings, and transaction history, which third-party services use to power everything from inventory valuation tools to automated trading systems.
The sophistication has reached a point where the CS2 economy has its own version of Bloomberg terminals — dashboards that track market-wide trends, individual item price histories, trading volumes, liquidity scores, and even volatility metrics. Professional traders monitor these tools the same way a Wall Street analyst watches stock tickers.
Why It Matters Beyond Gaming
The CS2 skin economy isn’t just a curiosity — it’s a case study in how digital ownership, market dynamics, and community-driven value creation work at scale.
This is what some of the main points which can be derived from this are. Firstly, scarcity defines value in all instances. It has been illustrated in the CS2 skins case study, in which it is clear that it does not matter whether items are tangible or useful in order for them to have economic value.
Second, platform decisions have outsized economic impact. Valve’s single update in October 2025 erased over a billion dollars in virtual item value. No other company has that kind of direct influence over a player-driven economy of this scale.
And third, the line between gaming economies and financial markets is dissolving. When your hobby comes with real-time price tracking, market cap analytics, trade-up calculators, and cross-platform arbitrage opportunities, you’re not just playing a game anymore. You’re participating in a micro-economy that happens to live inside one.
Whether you’re a casual CS2 player who’s never sold a skin or a veteran trader running profit calculations on every drop, the scale and sophistication of what’s been built here is worth paying attention to. An $8 billion economy that runs on cosmetic pixels, community trust, and a few really good APIs — that’s the kind of thing you only find in gaming.
Tech
NHS England gives Palantir contractors broader access to patient data
A leaked internal briefing note describes a new admin role on the £330m Federated Data Platform that lets external staff bypass case-by-case data approvals. Patient groups and Labour MPs have called the change dangerous.
NHS England has decided to allow external personnel from contractors, including Palantir, to access identifiable patient data through a new administrative role on its main data platform, the Guardian reported on Sunday, citing an internal briefing note.
The change applies to the National Data Integration Tenant, a controlled environment that NHS England describes as a “haven” for identifiable patient data before that data is pseudonymised and passed into other systems connected to the Federated Data Platform (FDP).
Under existing rules, anyone working on the platform has to apply for approval to access specific datasets, a process known as a Controlled Data Access (CDA) request.
The briefing note seen by the Guardian says NHS England is creating a new “admin” role that grants broader permissions to approved external staff in a single approval, on the basis that applying for individual CDAs had become “too inconvenient”.
Palantir Technologies won the £330m FDP contract in 2023 and is the primary external contractor on the platform. NHS England has said that anyone external requiring access under the new arrangement must hold government security clearance and be approved by an NHS England director or more senior official. The list of contractors with potential access also includes consultancy firms supporting the programme.
The Federated Data Platform is designed to pull operational data from trusts across the NHS into a single environment for planning, waiting-list management and resource allocation.
Identifiable patient information is meant to remain inside the National Data Integration Tenant, with only pseudonymised or aggregate data passed to downstream FDP modules. The new admin role applies to staff working inside the tenant itself.
Patient groups and several Labour MPs criticised the change. Labour MP Rachael Maskell told the Guardian the move was “dangerous” and urged ministers to intervene to halt the broader FDP project. medConfidential, a patient-data-rights group, said the new role represented a material shift in how identifiable data is governed inside NHS England’s largest data programme.
NHS England said the change had been internally approved by its information-governance team and that all access remained subject to existing legal and clinical-safety frameworks.
Palantir declined to comment on the specifics of the access arrangement. The company has previously said it processes NHS data only on instructions from NHS England and does not own or commercialise the underlying data.
The change reignites a long-running political dispute over the FDP contract. Critics have argued from the start of the procurement process that giving a single US-headquartered defence and intelligence contractor central access to the NHS data spine creates concentration risk and undermines public trust.
NHS England and the Department of Health have defended the contract on the basis that it improves operational efficiency and reduces clinical-safety risk by consolidating fragmented data systems.
Wes Streeting, the Health Secretary, has not made a public statement on the latest disclosure. The government’s broader position has been that the FDP is essential to NHS modernisation and that data-access processes are subject to robust controls.
The briefing note suggests the trade-off the new admin role embodies: faster operational onboarding of external staff against tighter case-by-case oversight of which datasets they access.
The Information Commissioner’s Office has not formally commented on whether the new role triggers any additional regulatory review. The Guardian’s reporting did not indicate when the role was scheduled to take effect; NHS England did not provide a date when asked.
Tech
Hantavirus Conspiracy Theories Are Already Spreading Online
Conspiracy theorists, wellness influencers, and grifters have already started promoting wild claims about the hantavirus outbreak that began aboard the MV Hondius, a cruise ship on the Atlantic.
Some conspiracy theorists compared the outbreak to the Covid-19 pandemic, claiming it was another effort to control the global population, while others pushed a false narrative that the Covid-19 vaccine caused hantavirus. Many others promoted ivermectin as a treatment, using the incident as a way to sell emergency medical kits featuring the antiparasitic drug typically used as a horse dewormer.
In more recent days, many of these same people spreading conspiracy theories have promoted the baseless and antisemitic claims that the entire incident is a false flag orchestrated by Israel.
Conspiracy theories flooding social media in response to breaking news are nothing new, but what is notable about those being pushed around the hantavirus outbreak is just how closely they echo the conspiracy theories promoted during the Covid-19 pandemic.
“One of the most striking shifts since the Covid pandemic is how rapidly misinformation narratives now organize themselves around emerging outbreaks,” Katrine Wallace, an epidemiologist at University of Illinois Chicago School of Public Health, tells WIRED.
“Within hours of the first hantavirus headlines, social media accounts were already promoting ivermectin, attributing the outbreak to Covid vaccines, and warning about a hantavirus vaccine that does not exist. The claims themselves were often contradictory, but that contradiction no longer appears to limit their spread.”
Once the hantavirus outbreak started making headlines around the world, conspiracy theorists and grifters jumped into action, spreading dangerously ill-informed claims and, of course, trying to sell people ivermectin.
“Ivermectin should work against it,” Mary Talley Bowden wrote on X. Bowden, a doctor, is a prominent promoter of medical misinformation who has promoted ivermectin as a treatment for Covid-19 and prescribed ivermectin to a Covid-19 patient. Hours after her first post on Hantavirus went viral, she followed up to say that she is selling ivermectin to Texans. Bowden did not respond to a request for comment.
Her post, which has been viewed 4 million times, was shared by former Congresswoman Marjorie Taylor Greene, who added that vitamin D and zinc would help fight the infection. Greene even claimed that not getting the Covid-19 vaccine had somehow allowed her to “develop natural immunity” against hantavirus.
Greene separately claimed, without evidence, that the pharmaceutical company Moderna had purposely manipulated the virus in order to allow them to cash in by developing a hantavirus vaccine. Greene did not respond to a request for comment.
Other prolific health disinformation promoters boosted the ivermectin claims, including Simone Gold, the founder of Covid denial group America’s Frontline Doctors, and Peter McCullough, a disinformation peddler who promoted the “sudden death” conspiracy theory about the Covid-19 vaccine, which falsely claimed that those who received the shot were at risk of dropping dead without any warning.
McCullough is also the chief scientific officer for The Wellness Company, which has been described as “Goop for the GOP.” The company has used the hantavirus outbreak to promote a $325 “Contagion Emergency Kit” which includes both ivermectin and hydroxychloroquine.
All the false claims and posts about ivermectin gained enough traction online that the World Health Organization responded to say that there is no research to suggest ivermectin is an effective treatment for hantavirus.
Conspiracy theorists have, meanwhile, been pushing the baseless idea that a side effect of Covid vaccines includes a hantavirus infection.
Tech
Sony has yet to decide on a PS6 release date and price
Sony is still keeping things wide open when it comes to its next-generation console.
According to the company’s latest earnings call, the PlayStation 6 still has no confirmed release date or price. Sony says it is closely monitoring rising memory costs and wider market conditions before locking anything in.
The update came during Sony’s annual corporate strategy and investor Q&A session. At this session, CEO Hiroki Totoki addressed concerns about how global supply pressures could shape the company’s next console. His message was simple: nothing is decided yet.
As shared by Eurogamer, Totoki explained that the ongoing memory shortage is driving up manufacturing costs. This is increasing the overall bill of materials (BoM) for hardware like the PS6. While Sony has already secured enough components for 2026 and has some pricing agreements in place, the outlook beyond that is far less stable.
Looking further ahead, he warns that memory prices will likely remain high into FY2027. This means Sony is still evaluating how that will impact production costs and retail pricing. That uncertainty is now directly feeding into PS6 planning.
“We have not yet decided at what timing we will launch the new console, or at what prices,” Totoki said, adding that Sony is running multiple scenarios to figure out its next move. That includes, notably, the possibility of adjusting its business model. However, the company didn’t expand on what that could actually mean for players.
For now, it’s all positioning rather than specifics. Sony isn’t confirming features, pricing tiers, or even a launch window. The company is just acknowledging that external pressures, particularly AI-driven demand for memory, are reshaping its hardware strategy.
The comments echo wider industry concerns, with companies across the tech space warning about supply bottlenecks affecting future products. Within PlayStation itself, former executives and hardware leads have also hinted that the next generation may need a different approach compared to the PS5 era.
As it stands, the PS6 remains firmly in the planning phase. And while speculation around features and timelines continues to build, Sony’s message is clear: the final shape of its next console will depend as much on the global market as it does on its own roadmap.
Tech
Waymo issues recall to deal with a flooding problem
Waymo has issued a software update to its fleet of nearly 4,000 vehicles to help them avoid flooded roads as part of a recall announced by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) on Tuesday.
But the company hasn’t fully solved the problem of how its vehicles behave in these conditions. In documents released by NHTSA, the federal safety regulator says Waymo is still “developing the final remedy for this recall.”
The issue appears to be that Waymo’s robotaxis were slowing, but not stopping, when encountering flooded roads that they could not traverse, according to NHTSA. Robotaxis using both Waymo’s fifth- and sixth-generation autonomous vehicle systems are affected.
The regulator said the recall applies to 3,791 vehicles — giving us a more up-to-date understanding of just how many vehicles Waymo has on the roads in around a dozen U.S. cities.
Waymo has now issued multiple recalls for its self-driving cars. The company’s first recall came in February 2024 after it discovered two robotaxis in Phoenix had separately crashed into the same towed vehicle. Since then, Waymo has issued recalls to fix low-speed crashes with parking gates and telephone poles, as well as to address illegal driving in the vicinity of school buses.
Waymo decided to issue the recall in late April after its robotaxis struggled to navigate flooding in central Texas; in one incident, an empty robotaxi was swept away in San Antonio. The company has also paused operations in the city.
The initial update sent to its fleet places “restrictions at times and in locations where there is an elevated risk of encountering a flooded, higher-speed roadway,” according to NHTSA.
“We have identified an area of improvement regarding untraversable flooded lanes specific to higher-speed roadways, and have made the decision to file a voluntary software recall with NHTSA related to this scenario,” Waymo said in a statement. “We are working to implement additional software safeguards and have put mitigations in place, including refining our extreme weather operations during periods of intense rain, limiting access to areas where flash flooding might occur.”
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Tech
ABC Shows A Backbone In FCC Fight, Shows FCC Manufactured A Controversy Surrounding James Talarico
from the censorial-fascist-weirdos dept
ABC/Disney, like most major media companies, has spent much of its time during America’s bout with authoritarianism being a feckless wimp. The company was quick to ditch its already fleeting embrace of civil rights to please our dim, racist president, and were just as quick to pay Trump a $15 million bribe to settle a baseless Trump lawsuit they could have easily won.
But as Trump’s health and power becomes more shaky, ABC appears to be showing the faint outline of a backbone.
ABC/Disney execs are now more directly accusing the Trump administration of violating the First Amendment with its endless threats to pull the company’s broadcast licenses if it platforms journalists, comedians, or talk show hosts who refuse to kiss the administration’s ass.
Quick background: we’ve noted repeatedly how Trump FCC boss Brendan Carr has been abusing the FCC’s dated “equal opportunity” (or “equal time”) rule to try and threaten daytime and late night talk shows with government retribution if they refuse to enthusiastically coddle Republicans.
Recently, the Carr FCC took the unprecedented step of demanding that ABC-owned Houston affiliate KTRK file a petition for declaratory ruling to the FCC, explaining to the agency why it didn’t file the appropriate paperwork for a February 2nd appearance by Democrat James Talarico on The View (the traction Talarico is making among Christians clearly seems to worry the administration).
So KTRK last week filed their petition for declaratory ruling. And it shows slightly more backbone that we’ve become used to, directly stating that the Trump FCC’s actions violate the First Amendment and are having a “chilling effect” on free speech. While the petition is technically on behalf of KTRK, it was signed by Paul Clement, a former Bush-era solicitor general and very experienced Supreme Court litigator.
Talk shows have historically been exempt from the dated, golden-era-of-television rules, which required that any airing of a political candidate on “publicly owned” airwaves is countered with the appearance from a candidate from the opposing party. But Carr isn’t interested in equilibrium; he’s interested abusing FCC authority to try and silence critics of Donald Trump and his increasingly unpopular policies.
ABC’s notice to the FCC notes that the target of the administration’s censorial rage, The View, was clearly granted a Bona Fide Exemption to the rule back in 2002. Most talk shows have broadly been viewed as exempt since 1984 or so (and increasingly so, as the Internet challenged TV’s supremacy). From the ABC filing:
“The View has been broadcasting under a bona fide news exemption granted to it more
than twenty years ago, consistent with longstanding Commission interpretations designed to
minimize the serious First Amendment problems inherent in the equal time regime.
The View’s exemption remains valid and the constitutional infirmities in the equal time doctrine are even more pronounced today, when the broadcast airwaves account for a slice of the numerous media options through which Americans get their political information.”
Carr’s FCC has also been threatening to pull ABC’s broadcast licenses in the wake of Jimmy Kimmel making fun of the president’s wife; but as we’ve previously reported, ABC only holds eight broadcast licenses in total; most in reality are owned by right wing affiliate companies already loyal to Trumpism.
Here’s an interesting bit of note: It appears that the Carr FCC staged things in advance with the help of those affiliates to make ABC-owned KTRK seem like it was doing something wrong.
First, the FCC tried to tell ABC and KTRK that The View being widely viewed as exempt is “not a position uniformly held by broadcasters that air the program” (it is).
But on pages 3-4 of ABC’s filing, they note that not only did those other affiliates not originally file the paperwork for the appearance (because there’s no need to given their exemption), the FCC personally reached out to a number of non-ABC owned affiliates to have them file paperwork late so it would appear that the ABC-owned KTRK was an outlier that did something wrong. From ABC’s filing:
“The Bureau neglected to note, however, that while certain ABC affiliates documented Talarico’s appearance in their online public inspection files, the filings were made more than two weeks after Talarico’s appearance and apparently at the request of the FCC, which reportedly promised to eschew enforcement for the late filing. KTRK Television received no such request and no such offer, despite the Bureau specifically contacting it about the Talarico appearance less than 10 days after it occurred.”
That’s really profoundly greasy behavior. These other affiliates, that the FCC pressured to file late notices of Talarico’s appearances, would be companies like Sinclair, Tegna, Nexstar, Gray Media, or Scripps, most of which are owned by Trump-loyalists and/or are seeking FCC approval for approval for mergers that illegally ignore the country’s last remaining media consolidation limits.
So again, the FCC accused ABC and its directly owned affiliate of something false, then told non-ABC owned affiliates to file paperwork they never would have otherwise planned to if they wanted merger approval to make it seem like KTRK did something wrong. And since a lot of these affiliates are already very Trump-friendly propaganda mills, the FCC likely didn’t have to apply much pressure.
While it’s always possible the Trump-stocked Supreme Court makes an insane ruling in Trump’s favor, these threats to pull broadcast licenses are not fights the Trump FCC wants to actually litigate. They’re designed to simply be a form of harassment that makes life so costly and difficult for companies that threat targets — and everybody else — just pre-emptively bows to pressure to censor.
Trump and Carr expect companies to pre-emptively quiver and not put up a costly fight. And while these threats have worked for a while (because our corporate media is broadly opportunistic and pathetic), Trump’s abysmal poll numbers in the wake of the Iran war and soaring gas prices are likely instilling new confidence even among the most weak-kneed companies.
Filed Under: affiliates, brendan carr, censorship, equal time rule, fcc, first amendment, free speech, james talarico
Companies: abc, disney
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