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What Exactly Is A Nuclear Reactor Used For And How Does One Work?

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The US has the most nuclear power plants in the world. However, despite this, it remains a divisive subject that people seem to either embrace or shun in equal measure.  We won’t go into this argument here, but what we will do is break down the relatively simple science behind nuclear reactors, how they work, and what they can be used for. 

A good way to start this is by looking at what must be the most famous equation in the world – E=mc². This equation explains why nuclear reactors can produce so much power from relatively little fuel. In this equation, E denotes energy, m denotes mass, and c denotes the speed of light. Because the speed of light squared is an enormous number, even a tiny amount of mass contains a huge amount of energy. Nuclear reactors tap into that energy by splitting atoms and releasing the energy locked inside their mass. 

That’s the simple bit of the science (relatively speaking). However, releasing all that energy in a controlled and predictable manner is where things begin to get tricky. We’ll discuss how this works and how different types of reactor harness that energy in more detail later — but basically, a nuclear reactor uses a chain-reaction process called nuclear fission. This splits the atoms in a reactor’s fuel rods and releases the energy stored within them, according to Albert Einstein’s equation. The released heat energy produces steam that spins a turbine to generate electricity and, ultimately, could charge your phone. 

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How nuclear reactors work

The same physics underlies every nuclear reactor. Inside the reactor core, fuel pellets (mostly uranium) are arranged in fuel rods. The key to releasing the energy is the fission chain reaction; fission happens when sub-atomic neutron particles collide with uranium atoms. When a neutron hits, it splits the atom into two smaller atoms and also releases additional neutrons. In turn, these impact other uranium atoms, creating the chain reaction. The specifics about what is produced when an atom is split can vary, but a typical reaction might split a Uranium-235 atom into a barium and krypton nucleus while releasing two or three further neutrons. 

Now, what we don’t want at this stage is for this reaction to continue unchecked. There are two main ways to control this. The first is through the use of control rods. These are made with a material that absorbs excess neutrons and can be used to speed, slow, or even stop the reaction depending on how much of it is exposed to the core. Common materials used include boron and silver. Water also acts as both a moderator and a coolant by carrying away excess heat.

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These fundamentals apply to all nuclear reactors; it’s how they handle the water loop that defines the two major types of commercial reactors used in the US, which we cover in detail next. However, regardless of the type, one of the contentious parts of the process is the problems associated with dealing with spent fuel rods. These remain highly radioactive, and safely storing them is one of the biggest challenges facing the sector. 

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The different types of nuclear reactors

There are two main commercial reactor designs — Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs) and Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs). The defining difference between them lies in how they handle water within the reactor and the steam loop.

The most common of these are PWRs, which account for about 65% of US commercial reactors. As the name suggests, in this type of reactor, the water is kept at high pressure within a closed loop to prevent it from boiling. The water is heated by the nuclear reaction and is then cycled through a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger transfers the heat to a secondary water loop, and the steam from this loop is what’s used to drive the turbines and generate electricity.

BWRs also use heated water to drive turbines. However, instead of two separate “water loops”, BWRs pump water directly into the reactor core and use a system of pipes to feed the steam from the water directly to the turbines. Any remaining steam is condensed and pumped back into the core. 

It’s also worth looking at the differences between these and the types of reactors that power the US Navy’s nuclear ships. Ships like the USS Gerald R. Ford, the world’s largest aircraft carrier, use scaled-down PWRs for power. However, unlike commercial reactors that use low-enriched uranium (LEU), carriers and submarines use highly enriched uranium (HEU). The latter has a far higher energy density than LEU, which means US nuclear-powered ships can go for decades without refueling. So, although refueling a nuclear-powered carrier can take years, it’s a process that normally happens only once in a ship’s operational life. 

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Sony Deletes More Movies From Accounts of People Who ‘Bought’ Them

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An anonymous reader quotes a report from Techdirt: In 2022, due to “evolving licensing agreements” with distributor StudioCanal, German and Austrian users had hundreds of movies disappear from their PS accounts, long after buying them through Sony. Then in 2023, it happened again in America, specifically when Sony ended its licensing agreement with Discovery after the Warner Bros. merger, which, of course, has since been bought by Paramount Skydance. That resulted in customers having hundreds and hundreds of episodes of TV shows deleted from their accounts. Nowhere in any of this were there refunds, of course. No recompense at all, actually. Just a thing you thought you’d bought taken away from you by the very people you thought you bought it from.

And now it’s happening again. Due to another licensing agreement fallout with StudioCanal, hundreds of movies and TV shows are being ripped from the accounts of PS Store customers, and there appears to be fuck all that they can do about it. [Kotaku reports:] “This news was brought to people’s attention by X user somatyk, who posted the notification they had received from PlayStation this week. Along with the unapologetic news that the purchased movies would be deleted from their account on September 1, the message concluded with, ‘Click here for a full list of affected titles that will no longer be supported. Thank you.’ The same warning is now reproduced in full on the PlayStation website, along with the list of 551 films and TV series that are being pulled from people’s libraries.”

As Kotaku notes later in their post, part of what is striking in all of this is the sheer mundanity of the announcement. Because there have been no consequences, or any action at all from the public or government, Sony treats this all as if it’s perfectly normal and no big deal. You can tell me all you want about how the Ts and Cs in these purchases do in fact note that the nature of the purchase is a temporary licensing of the content for an undetermined time period… but I can promise you that the public in general doesn’t understand that. They think they’re buying a thing, not a license.

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Skullcandy Launches Crusher 1080 ANC With Bose Technology and Crusher 720 With THX Spatial Audio

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Skullcandy has introduced two new wireless over-ear headphones built around its defining Crusher feature: adjustable bass that is designed to be physically felt as well as heard.

The Crusher 1080 ANC costs $279.99 and combines Skullcandy’s sensory bass system with a suite of licensed Sound by Bose technologies. Those include Bose QuietControl active noise cancellation, TrueSpatial audio, the WaveForm Audio Engine, SpeechClarity voice processing and Bose Sound Design tuning.

The Crusher 720 costs $209.99. It retains adjustable Crusher Bass but drops active noise cancellation and the Bose processing package. In their place are THX Spatial Audio, Personal Sound by Mimi, an adjustable Stay-Aware mode and up to 65 hours of battery life.

Although they share the same basic concept and industrial design, these are not simply one headphone offered with or without ANC.

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What Makes Crusher Bass Different?

Conventional bass-heavy headphones rely on larger drivers, elevated low-frequency tuning or digital signal processing. Crusher adds dedicated bass drivers that create physical vibration alongside the sound produced by the primary full-range drivers.

skullcandy-crusher-1080-anc-custom-control
Skullcandy Crusher 1080 ANC

The level can be adjusted using a wheel on the earcup or through the Skullcandy app. Users can reduce the tactile effect to a mild reinforcement or increase it until subtlety leaves the building by the nearest available exit on the Garden State Parkway.

Skullcandy positions the system for music, movies and gaming, where low-frequency impact can add another dimension to kick drums, electronic bass, explosions and vehicle effects. The company does not disclose the size, frequency range or power requirements of the separate bass drivers in either new model.

That adjustable tactile system remains the feature competitors do not directly replicate. Sony, Beats, Bose and Sennheiser can deliver substantial conventional bass, but they do not offer a separate physical bass control performing the same role.

Crusher 1080 ANC

skullcandy-crusher-1080-anc-headphones-pink

The Crusher 1080 ANC is the flagship of the pair and the more consequential release.

Skullcandy describes Sound by Bose as a suite of Bose-licensed audio technologies. Bose is not manufacturing or selling the headphone; the underlying hardware, product design, app integration and Crusher Bass system remain Skullcandy’s.

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The Bose package includes:

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  • Bose QuietControl active noise cancellation
  • Bose TrueSpatial audio with head tracking
  • Bose WaveForm Audio Engine
  • Bose SpeechClarity voice pickup
  • Bose Sound Design tuning
  • Bose-tuned Music, Movie and Podcast EQ modes
  • Adjustable Aware transparency mode

QuietControl uses six microphones and adaptive processing to reduce surrounding noise. Users can switch among Quiet, Aware and ANC Off modes using the headphone controls or Skullcandy app. Skullcandy has not published attenuation measurements, so comparisons with Bose’s own QuietComfort models will require independent testing.

TrueSpatial is intended to create a wider, more speaker-like presentation for music, movies and games. Skullcandy also lists head tracking, which keeps the apparent soundstage in place as the listener moves.

The WaveForm Audio Engine manages the overall presentation across different playback levels. Skullcandy says the processing is intended to preserve vocal clarity, tonal balance and lower distortion as the volume and Crusher Bass settings increase. That is a useful objective because tactile bass is not particularly valuable if the midrange has been buried beneath it.

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SpeechClarity handles voice pickup during telephone and video calls, while natural sidetone lets users hear some of their own voice rather than shouting into a conference call like someone directing aircraft on a carrier deck.

The Crusher 1080 ANC uses 36mm primary drivers with a claimed frequency response of 20Hz to 20kHz, a nominal impedance of 36 ohms and a listed weight of 374.2 grams. That is heavy for a wireless travel headphone and substantially heavier than the existing 332-gram Crusher ANC 2. Comfort and weight distribution will therefore matter almost as much as the specifications.

Battery life is rated at:

  • 60 hours with ANC off
  • 50 hours with ANC on
  • Four hours of playback from a ten-minute charge

Bluetooth 5.3 includes LE Audio, Auracast, multipoint pairing, Google Fast Pair, automatic reconnection and a low-latency mode. Wear detection can pause playback and activate automatic power-off.

The Skullcandy app provides control over Crusher Bass, Bose noise cancellation, spatial processing, preset EQ modes, a customizable five-band equalizer, button assignments, sidetone and other smart features.

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The headphones fold flat and collapse for storage. Skullcandy includes a 3.5mm analog cable, USB-C charging cable and roll-top travel bag.

Available finishes are True Black, Candy, Primer and Cement.

Crusher 720

skullcandy-crusher-720-headphones-purple

The Crusher 720 is the less expensive model, but it is not merely a stripped-down Crusher 1080 ANC.

It uses larger 40.7mm primary drivers and retains the independently adjustable Crusher Bass system. Instead of Bose TrueSpatial, it includes THX Spatial Audio, which Skullcandy says creates a more immersive, multidimensional presentation for music, movies and gaming.

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Skullcandy’s dedicated Crusher 720 product description does not clearly confirm head tracking, so we would not assume that the feature is included based solely on the company’s currently inconsistent comparison tables.

The Crusher 720 also includes Personal Sound by Mimi. The system analyzes the user’s hearing and creates a customized profile intended to compensate for frequencies that may be less audible to that individual.

skullcandy-app

There is no active noise cancellation. An adjustable Stay-Aware mode uses the microphones to pass surrounding sound through the headphones when the listener needs to hear traffic, announcements or another human being attempting to attract their attention.

Battery life is rated at 65 hours, with four hours available from a ten-minute charge.

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Other features include:

  • Bluetooth 5.3
  • LE Audio and Auracast
  • Multipoint pairing
  • Google Fast Pair
  • Wear detection and automatic power-off
  • Low-latency audio
  • Clear Voice microphone processing
  • Adjustable call sidetone
  • Music, Bass Boost and Podcast EQ modes
  • Five-band custom EQ
  • App customization
  • 3.5mm analog input
  • Flat-folding and collapsible construction

The Crusher 720 has a claimed frequency response of 20Hz to 20kHz, a nominal impedance of 36 ohms and a listed weight of 362.8 grams. It is lighter than the Crusher 1080 ANC, but nobody is likely to mistake it for a featherweight travel headphone.

Skullcandy includes a 3.5mm cable, USB-C charging cable and drawstring travel bag.

The five finishes are Future, Plasma, True Black, Cement and Primer.

Crusher 1080 ANC vs. Crusher 720

The $70 price difference buys more than active noise cancellation.

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The Crusher 1080 ANC adds Bose QuietControl ANC, TrueSpatial with head tracking, the WaveForm Audio Engine, SpeechClarity and Bose-developed sound tuning. It is the better option for frequent travelers, commuters and anyone who wants the most complete version of Skullcandy’s sensory bass platform.

The Crusher 720 offers longer battery life, THX Spatial Audio and hearing personalization for less money. It is likely the more sensible choice for home listening, casual gaming and movie playback when active noise cancellation is not required.

The 720 also avoids paying for ANC that some users will rarely activate. That matters because a substantial portion of the Crusher audience is likely using these headphones at home, in a dorm room or in front of a television rather than attempting to erase the sound of an aircraft cabin.

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Who Are They For?

skullcandy-crusher-1080-anc-headphones-pink-rear
Skullcandy Crusher 1080 ANC

Both models are aimed first at listeners who actively want elevated, physical low-frequency impact.

Hip-hop, electronic music, pop, action movies and games are the obvious applications. The adjustable bass system may also appeal to listeners who use headphones at lower playback levels but still want to feel some of the scale normally associated with loudspeakers and subwoofers.

The Crusher 1080 ANC is better suited to:

  • Frequent travelers and commuters
  • Listeners who want strong bass without giving up ANC
  • Mobile gaming and movie playback
  • Existing Crusher users looking for a more complete flagship
  • Buyers interested in Bose processing at a lower price than Bose’s premium headphones

The Crusher 720 is more appropriate for:

  • Home listening
  • Casual gaming
  • Buyers who do not require ANC
  • Users who value battery life and hearing personalization
  • Existing Crusher Evo owners looking for spatial processing and newer connectivity

Neither model is aimed primarily at listeners seeking neutral studio-monitor tuning, the lowest possible weight or a traditional audiophile presentation. These are sensory-bass headphones by design, not a secret replacement for an open-back headphones from Beyerdynamic or Grado Labs.

Main Competitors

The most direct external rival is the Sony ULT Wear. Sony also targets bass-focused listeners and includes ANC, an ambient mode and up to 30 hours of battery life at a regular price of $249.99. Sony uses conventional driver tuning and DSP rather than dedicated tactile bass drivers, making it the closest competitor in audience but not in operation.

The Sennheiser Momentum 4 Wireless currently sits close to the Crusher 1080 ANC in price. It offers adaptive ANC, a 42mm driver, customizable sound and up to 60 hours of battery life. Sennheiser is the more obvious choice for listeners prioritizing tonal balance and conventional high-fidelity sound, while Skullcandy offers the more physical and deliberately bass-focused experience.

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The Beats Studio Pro provides ANC, transparency, personalized spatial audio with dynamic head tracking and lossless wired playback through USB-C or 3.5mm. Battery life reaches 40 hours with ANC disabled. Beats also offers tighter integration with Apple and Android devices, but it does not provide adjustable tactile bass.

The standard Bose QuietComfort Headphones remain a major competitor for travel and noise cancellation. They offer Bose’s established ANC and a significantly lighter, more conventional design, but only 24 hours of battery life and none of Skullcandy’s tactile low-frequency hardware.

Skullcandy’s Crusher ANC 2 from 2023 sits directly between the two new models at $239.99 but is often on sale for less at Amazon. It offers adjustable four-microphone ANC, Mimi Personal Sound and up to 60 hours of battery life, but lacks the newer Bose processing, spatial audio and Auracast support of the Crusher 1080 ANC.

Unless it receives a substantial price cut, the Crusher ANC 2 may now occupy an awkward middle seat sandwiched between siblings that don’t feel the need to share those lousy airline crackers. Do people actually eat that garbage?

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Key Features Compared

MODEL CRUSHER 720 (2026) CRUSHER 1080 ANC (2026) CRUSHER ANC 2 (2023)
MSRP $209.99 $279.99 $239.99
BATTERY LIFE Up to 60 Hours of Playtime (ANC Off) Up to 60 Hours of Playtime (ANC Off) Up to 60 Hours of Playtime (ANC Off)
RAPID CHARGE 10 min charge = 4 hr playtime 10 min charge = 4 hr playtime 10 min charge = 4 hr playtime
ADJUSTABLE CRUSHER BASS Yes Yes Yes
SKULLCANDY APP COMPATIBLE Yes️ Yes️ Yes
ACTIVE NOISE CANCELING / STAY-AWARE Bose QuietControl ANC / Aware Bose QuietControl ANC / Aware Adjustable ANC / Stay-Aware
SPATIAL AUDIO THX Spatial Audio Bose TrueSpatial with head tracking
CLEAR VOICE SMART MIC Bose SpeechClarity Bose SpeechClarity
PERSONAL SOUND Yes
EQ MODES Music, Movie, Podcast, Custom Music, Movie, Podcast, Custom Music, Movie, Podcast, Custom
WEAR DETECTION Yes Yes

What Skullcandy Has Not Confirmed

Skullcandy does not list support for LDAC, aptX Adaptive or aptX Lossless. Both models support LE Audio and Auracast, but the complete Bluetooth codec set has not been published.

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The company also does not state whether the USB-C connection supports digital audio playback or is limited to charging.

Neither model has a published IP resistance rating.

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Skullcandy has not confirmed whether Crusher Bass, spatial processing and other powered features remain available through the 3.5mm connection or when the battery is depleted.

skullcandy-crusher-1080-anc-headphones-colors-2026
Crusher 1080 ANC

The Bottom Line

The Crusher 1080 ANC and Crusher 720 are unusual because Skullcandy is not attempting to copy the premium wireless headphone market feature for feature.

The company already owns a distinct position with adjustable tactile bass. The new models attempt to build better-rounded wireless headphones around that technology.

The Crusher 1080 ANC is the more important of the two. Bose’s licensed technologies address noise cancellation, spatial presentation, call quality, volume-dependent processing and overall sound tuning. The intention is clear: retain the physical impact of Crusher Bass while improving everything around it.

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The Crusher 720 makes a different calculation. It removes ANC, lowers the price and adds THX Spatial Audio, Mimi personalization and longer battery life. For buyers who use their headphones primarily at home, that may be the better value.

Neither model will appeal to listeners who regard tactile bass as an attack on public order. For the audience that already understands why Crusher exists, however, these are the most complete versions of the concept so far.

Now we need to hear whether Bose has helped Skullcandy control the bass or merely taught it better tray table manners for those awkward meals next to Karens at 30,000 feet.

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AI Agents Broke the Security Playbook. Here’s What Replaces It.

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Agentic AI building blocks broken

For most of the last two decades, enterprise security ran on a workable assumption: the environment was knowable. Security teams could buy tools, inventory users, map systems, define policies, and rely on vendor-built dashboards and workflows to manage most of what happened next.

The model was imperfect, but it worked because the environment changed at human speed.

AI agents broke that assumption, and with it, the playbook.

Agents are not ordinary applications. They act autonomously, invoke tools, acquire access across systems, and change behavior based on context. Some are sanctioned and run in SaaS platforms. Others are unsanctioned and run locally. They can borrow human access and disappear before the next inventory scan.

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They also vary enormously in what they can reach; Token Security research on how enterprises are actually deploying agents found everything from human-triggered chatbots to autonomous production services, with more than a fifth of local agents already holding direct access to production data sources.

The build-vs-buy conversation in cybersecurity has now fundamentally changed. The old question was simple: should we buy a tool or build one ourselves? In the agentic era, that framing is too narrow.

Security teams do not need to rebuild the entire stack, but also can’t rely on fixed workflows someone else created months earlier.

The better question is: which layer should security teams own?

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The Limits of Fixed Security Workflows

AI agents make environments more specific, more dynamic, and harder to anticipate. A vendor can build a dashboard for common risks: overprivileged service accounts, stale credentials, dormant admin users, excessive permissions, and identities with access to production systems.

That is useful, but the most important questions are often specific to a single environment.

  • Which agents created in the past two weeks can reach production through inherited human credentials?
  • Which local coding agents still have active tokens after a project ended?
  • What is a potential attack path from one system to another using AI agents?

These questions do not fit neatly into a generic workflow. They depend on the organization’s cloud footprint, SaaS stack, development practices, ownership model, compliance requirements, and AI adoption patterns. No vendor roadmap can anticipate every combination.

That is the operationalization gap. Security teams can often identify risk categories, but they cannot always translate them into the exact remediation path their environment requires. AI agents widen this gap because they move faster than traditional tooling cycles.

Waiting two quarters for a vendor feature while agents continue accumulating access is not an effective security strategy. It is a queue.

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Shadow AI and agent sprawl are outpacing your security team’s ability to handle them.

Token Security discovers every agent, maps risky access, and automatically enforces intent-based policies. Scale AI safely without losing control or slowing down innovation.

See it in action

Why “Just Build It” Is Not the Answer

AI-assisted development has changed what teams can build. Retool’s 2026 Build vs. Buy report found that 35% of teams had already replaced at least one SaaS tool with something they built themselves, and 78% expected to build more this year.

This trend has real security implications, since AI has made building custom tools far faster and easier. Work that once took weeks of engineering can now be prototyped in hours.

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But cybersecurity has a harder problem than most business functions: the data layer. A useful security workflow is only as good as the identity, access, permission, ownership, and activity data underneath it. Building a custom app is one thing. Connecting it safely to live enterprise systems is another.

Security teams should not have to rebuild integrations across AWS, Azure, GitHub, Salesforce, Okta, secret managers, CI/CD pipelines, SaaS platforms, agent frameworks, and on-prem systems.

They should not have to normalize every schema themselves or maintain fragile scripts that break when an upstream API changes.

That is the hidden cost of “just build it.” The hard part is not generating code but building on data that is live, normalized, secure, and complete enough to support real decisions.

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Buy the Foundation to Own the Operational Layer

The future of cybersecurity is not pure build or pure buy. It is building on the right foundation.

Security teams should invest in the layers that are structurally complex and widely adopted across organizations: continuous discovery, integrations, normalization, identity correlation, access mapping, governance controls, auditability, and secure execution boundaries.

Those capabilities require depth, scale, and constant maintenance. They are not where most security teams should spend their scarce engineering time.

But teams should own the operational layer: the workflows, applications, reports, reviews, and automations that reflect their specific environment.

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That is where differentiation lives. That is where security teams encode how their organization actually works: who owns which agents, which systems matter most, what access is acceptable, which exceptions are allowed, how risk is prioritized, and what remediation should happen next.

The winning model is not “buy everything” or “build everything.” It is “buy the foundation, build the operating layer.”

Identity is the layer that holds

For AI agents, the foundation has to be identity. Every meaningful agent eventually requires access. It authenticates, uses credentials, invokes tools, and reaches data.

Often, it does not even have an identity of its own and instead borrows one from an employee, which is why the agents already running within enterprises can be indistinguishable from the people they impersonate in your audit logs.

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That is why identity is the only control plane that actually governs agentic AI, and why it is the foundation on which to build. It is the one place your team can see and enforce discovery, ownership, access, and lifecycle for every agent at once.

Guardrails, prompt filtering, and behavior controls act on what an agent says. Identity governs what an agent can reach, and reach is what determines blast radius.

A live identity foundation gives security teams the context they need to ask and answer the questions that matter:

  • Who owns this agent?
  • What is it supposed to do?
  • Which identities does it use?
  • What systems can it reach?
  • Does its access match its intent?
  • What happens when it is abandoned, compromised, or changed?

Without that foundation, custom workflows sit on sand. They rely on stale exports, partial inventories, and one-off scripts.

With it, security teams can build operational logic that stays connected to the real environment as agents appear, change, and disappear.

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The teams that stay effective

The security playbook built for a knowable environment is not coming back. AI agents made sure of that. The next playbook is more adaptive.

It assumes the environment will keep changing. It assumes no vendor can prebuild every workflow. It assumes security teams need the ability to compose controls, reports, reviews, and remediation paths that fit their own reality.

But it also recognizes that teams should not rebuild the foundation themselves. The teams that stay ahead will not be the ones with the longest tool list or the most generic dashboards. They will be the ones who know which layer to own.

For agentic AI, the answer is clear: build on a live identity foundation and own the operational layer that must adapt. In the agent era, that is how security teams move fast without losing control.

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If you’re looking to secure your agentic AI, book a quick technical demo with Token Security to see how they can secure your organization as you scale.

Sponsored and written by Token Security.

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Swatch’s New Gold MoonSwatch Solves the Problem of the Nightmare Royal Pop Launch

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Ever looking to underline its space-faring pedigree, Omega has again joined forces with Swatch to release another limited-edition MoonSwatch featuring Omega’s proprietary 18K Moonshine Gold alloy.

But whereas previous special versions had only a sliver of the shiny stuff, this new model doesn’t hold back, featuring a dial, hands, crown, and pushers all made from Omega’s 18K Moonshine Gold alloy, with a combined weight of 11 grams.

Called the Mission to the Moon 1969, the watch commemorates the Apollo 11 moon landing on July 21, 1969. It’s limited, rather appropriately, to 1,969 numbered pieces and comes with a black-and-gold version of Swatch’s upgraded rubber MoonSwatch straps.

Image may contain Wristwatch Arm Body Part and Person

Photograph: Courtesy of Swatch

Swatch says the gold used for these limited-edition pieces dates from around 1969, coming from old Omega spare parts that have been melted down in the company’s own foundry. In 1969, 11 grams of 18K gold apparently cost $11, so Swatch decided to price the gold in this MoonSwatch based on the price of gold on July 21, 1969, instead of today’s gold price. This means the Mission to the Moon 1969 retails for around $620.

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Perhaps thinking of the chaos that consumed Swatch stores worldwide in May during the launch of the Audemars Piguet x Swatch Royal Pop—itself a repeat of the fury surrounding the MoonSwatch launch four years ago—Swatch is making this limited edition available to buy online. The catch, however, is that to get your hands on one, you have to fill out an “ESTA” or Electronic Swatch Timepiece Application.

Image may contain Wristwatch Arm Body Part and Person

Photograph: Courtesy of Swatch

Image may contain Wristwatch Arm Body Part and Person

Photograph: Courtesy of Swatch

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TSMC plans a further $100 billion investment in the US

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Apple’s main processor supplier TSMC has announced another increase in US investment, saying its new plants will include ones making its most advanced chips.

In May 2026, TSMC announced an additional $20 billion investment in its Arizona plants. Now according to the Financial Times, the company has revealed plans to build four more plants, costing a total of $100 billion.

Howard Lutnick, US commerce secretary, said that the extra investment would “create tens of thousands of American jobs and bring advanced semiconductor manufacturing back to America.”

The investment in new plants will reportedly include factories making “2nm and below” processors, plus advanced packaging. TSMC’s first Arizona plant is believed to be producing 4-nanometer wafers, though there were already plans for 2nm manufacturing by 2030.

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In 2025, it was reported that TSMC’s Arizona plants were producing the A16 processor. That was used in the iPhone 14 and iPhone 15 ranges, which have not been in production for some time.

TSMC has not announced a schedule for the new investment. CEO CC Wei said that “we will try to speed it up as fast as possible,” but that it depends on “the market situation and customer demand.”

This announcement increases TSMC’s total US investment to $265 billion, and follows the company’s latest financial earnings report. That report says TSMC profits rose 77% and the company attributes this to the demand for AI processors.

CEO Wei said he believes that demand for AI processors will remain very strong until 2029-2030.

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It is this demand that is causing the global shortage of chips, and consequently a drive to add new production facilities. There is also a political element for TSMC, which as the CIA privately briefed Tim Cook, has reasons to fear a Chinese invasion of Taiwan by 2027.

There has also been continued pressure from the Trump administration to reshore manufacturing. One of the reasons Apple secured an exemption from Trump’s tariffs is said to be a commitment to buy processors from US-based Intel.

That deal is said to be a multi-year commitment. It follows the Trump administration investing in Intel in return for shares.

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Florida’s Stop WOKE Act Shut Down (Again) By Eleventh Circuit Appeals Court

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from the stopping-the-stoppers dept

Florida Republicans’ bigoted little piece of speech policing — the former “Stop WOKE Act” — has already been terminated multiple times by federal courts. Two lawsuits with two sets of plaintiffs have generated the same results: a ruling declaring the law unconstitutional and an injunction blocking the state from enforcing it.

The law aims to directly regulate speech in classrooms, allowing the government to punish teachers and administrators from engaging in any speech the Florida GOP doesn’t agree with. In practice, this means eliminating discussions about racism, equitable treatment, or anything related to LGBTQ+ issues.

The two lawsuits have generated some pretty stark paragraphs from presiding judges. Both take their cues from pop culture. Noting the cognitive dissonance of state lawmaking, the court said this in 2022:

In the popular television series Stranger Things, the “upside down” describes a parallel dimension containing a distorted version of our world. See Stranger Things (Netflix 2022). Recently, Florida has seemed like a First Amendment upside down. Normally, the First Amendment bars the state from burdening speech, while private actors may burden speech freely. But in Florida, the First Amendment apparently bars private actors from burdening speech, while the state may burden speech freely. 

The same court said this when the second lawsuit against the Stop WOKE law crossed its desk:

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“It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen,” and the powers in charge of Florida’s public university system have declared the State has unfettered authority to muzzle its professors in the name of “freedom.” To confront certain viewpoints that offend the powers that be, the State of Florida passed the so-called “Stop W.O.K.E.” Act in 2022—redubbed (in line with the State’s doublespeak) the “Individual Freedom Act.” The law officially bans professors from expressing disfavored viewpoints in university classrooms while permitting unfettered expression of the opposite viewpoints. Defendants argue that, under this Act, professors enjoy “academic freedom” so long as they express only those viewpoints of which the State approves. This is positively dystopian.

The state appealed both decisions. The Eleventh Circuit Appeals Court upheld the injunction in March 2023. The state continued to assault the court with motions to undo this injunction, prompting the Eleventh Circuit to issue this additional order:

The Clerk is DIRECTED to treat any motion for reconsideration of this order as a non-emergency matter.

Forced to wait its turn, Ron DeSantis and his MAGA buddies have had to wait more than three years just to find out they still won’t be able to enforce this blatantly unconstitutional law. The state’s lawyers will read the whole thing looking for ways to argue this differently if (or when) the US Supreme Court decides to hear their appeal.

But anyone wanting to know how this turns out for Florida’s public service bigots won’t have to dip too far into the 85-page ruling. By the middle of the fourth page, you’ll know what you need to know. From the decision [PDF]:

When several groups of professors challenged Florida’s new restrictions, the State cast about for an existing case or doctrine that could support its speech ban in the university setting. Finding none, it tried to marry public-employee speech cases with government speech doctrine, resulting in a new rule: if the government pays a professor’s salary, it has total control over her classroom speech.

That is not a blessed union. Florida’s salary-for-speech rule is a breathtaking assertion of power to ban unpopular ideas from public discourse in the very places the State’s own statutes recognize as centers of inquiry—classrooms where students are trusted to puzzle through ideas that are good and bad, easy and hard, ideally getting ever closer to the truth. This new rule also runs headlong into the Supreme Court’s repeated, if imprecise, endorsements of academic freedom. If the First Amendment offers any boundary of protection at all for public university classrooms, this statute crosses it.

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The injunction stays in place, presumably forever. While there are certainly some members of the Supreme Court who would love to tie their precedent and ethics into knots just to block speech they personally don’t like, this doesn’t appear to be the case they’d choose since it would likely generate precedent that might work against the bigots in the Supreme Court when they go to bat for bigots in the White House.

The appeals court has already blocked the other part of the law — the clauses attempting to regulate speech in private workplaces by forbidding mandatory meetings that promoted views the GOP doesn’t agree with. The last ditch attempt to claim the government can regulate speech in college classrooms doesn’t fare any better, even if it’s not quite as clear cut in terms of constitutional violations as telling private companies what they can and can’t say.

Claiming that all speech by government employees is “government speech” is a non-starter. The state couldn’t find precedent to support its novel take on the First Amendment. And the few odds and ends it threw at the judicial wall in hopes of seeing something stick failed as well.

More credibly, the State explains that it also seeks to protect its “most cherished ideals.” But that justification fails, too. Though the government has plenty of ways to promote its own viewpoint, puppeteering every university professor in the state is not one of them.

The court spends 50 pages dismantling each and every one of the state’s arguments, citation by citation. There can be no doubt the law is unconstitutional, not that it matters to the state, which has already announced it will be appealing the ruling. But this is censorship that can’t even be bothered to pretend it’s anything but the very thing it claims it is opposed to. “Individual Freedom Act” (as it was renamed), my ass.

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Florida seeks to strip public university professors—and by extension their students—of the ability to fully engage with ideas that are, for better or for worse, very popular in some academic circles. The State asks us to consider its rules a means of targeting discrimination. But hearing an idea you disagree with is not discrimination; it is an opportunity to come up with a better idea, or maybe even change your mind.

There’s a dissent that runs nearly as long as the opinion. Written by Judge Barbara Lagoa (someone with a history of anti-trans rulings), it’s 30+ pages of wasted time. To paraphrase: none of these plaintiffs should have been granted standing, much less relief and also: [bunch of Justice Alito quotes].

Doesn’t really matter, since it’s the dissent but I guarantee if anyone’s going to start polling for an en banc rehearing, it’s going by Judge Lagoa.

Suck it, DeSantis. Until that happens (if it ever will), your stupid hateful law is as dead as the eyes of your sycophants.

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Filed Under: 11th circuit appeals court, 1st amendment, florida, free speech, ron desantis, stop woke act, woke

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Apple will release updates to the whole iPad lineup by spring 2027

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While a new iPad mini is expected before the end of 2026, a new report says you’ll need to wait longer for updates to the entry-level iPad, iPad Air, and iPad Pro.

The most recent rumors of the first update to the iPad mini since October 2024 have claimed that it will be released with an OLED screen before the end of 2026. Now according to Bloomberg, this update is the first of several iPad model refreshes.

Specifically, the report claims that Apple plans to release new iPads from the fall through to spring 2027:

  • iPad Mini: October 2026
  • iPad: Q1 2027
  • iPad Air: spring 2027
  • iPad Pro: spring 2027

Back in 2024, it was reported that Apple was planning an OLED iPad mini for release in 2026. To date, the higher-quality screen has solely been used in the iPad Pro, where it doesn’t appear to have been the success that Apple hoped for.

Nonetheless, Apple is said to be intending to eventually transition the whole iPad range over to OLED. The iPad mini, codenamed J510, is to be the first.

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It’s not clear what could be the second to get the technology, though, as reports of updates to the rest of the iPad range do not specify their screen type. The report does say that the base iPad will not get OLED yet, and that seems likely given that this screen type would add to cost of that entry-level model.

Instead, the claim is that the new update to the base iPad, codenamed J581, is a faster processor. Apple is not expected to give it a major redesign.

There is also no word of a significant redesign for the iPad Air, whose next 11-inch and 13-inch models are codenamed J807 and J837.

Apple is also not expected to make significant visible changes to the iPad Pro, which the new report says will launch around the same time as the iPad Air. Separately, though, other recent reports have claimed that the iPad Pro will gain vapor chamber cooling in early 2027.

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New iPad and iPad Air

The new report backs up rumors from December 2025 when an iOS code leak included references to an A19 iPad and M4 iPad Air. That M4 iPad Air was then released in March 2026, but the base iPad remains on the A16 processor.

The report of an A19 processor is significant, because it means the base iPad will gain support for Apple Intelligence. At present, it’s the only iPad model that doesn’t support it.

Since that March 2026 release of an M4 iPad Air, though, there have been further rumors of what is coming next for this model. In April 2026, for instance, there was a report that the next iPad Air would indeed get an OLED display.

The report said that this iPad Air will feature a lower-cost OLED display than the one in the current iPad Pro. It was also claimed that Samsung is due to start mass production of the screen in December 2026, for a launch round March 2027.

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U.S. CD Sales Surge 16% in 2026 as Vinyl Growth Slows to 2.4%

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I had to check the decimal point.

According to Luminate’s 2026 Midyear Report, U.S. CD sales increased 16% to 16.3 million units during the first half of the year. Vinyl sales also grew, but by only 2.4%, giving CDs a growth rate nearly seven times higher than records. 

K-pop collectibles contributed heavily, but they do not explain the entire increase. Luminate says CD sales would still have grown 6.7% after removing K-pop releases. Mass-market retailers such as Target and Walmart now account for nearly 30% of physical music sales, aided by elaborate album packages, alternate covers, photo cards and fans willing to buy multiple editions. 

That does not mean CDs have suddenly overtaken vinyl. Growing faster is not the same as being larger.

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The RIAA Numbers Provide Some Necessary Context

The RIAA has not yet released its corresponding report for the first half of 2026. Its most recent midyear data covers the first six months of 2025, when the CD market looked considerably less healthy.

During that period, the RIAA reported 11.7 million CD units and $108.1 million in wholesale revenue, declines of 22% and 22.3%, respectively. Vinyl reached 22.1 million units and $456.9 million, with both measurements down 1%. 

The RIAA’s complete 2025 report showed vinyl finishing the year at 46.8 million units and $1.043 billion in wholesale revenue, up 7.9% and 9.3%. CDs ended 2025 at 29.5 million units and $312.4 million, down 11.6% and 7.8%. Vinyl therefore sold substantially more copies and generated more than three times as much revenue. 

luminate-cd-sales-surge-2026-06
Source: 2026 Luminate Mid-year Report

The Luminate and RIAA figures should not be treated as interchangeable. Luminate tracks music consumption and retail sales, while the RIAA now reports wholesale figures net of returns. They measure different parts of the market and cover different periods.

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Even with that caveat, the change is difficult to ignore. The RIAA recorded a steep CD decline in 2025. Luminate is now reporting double-digit growth during the first half of 2026.

Streaming Still Owns the Market

Nobody should mistake this for a revolt against streaming.

Global on-demand audio streams increased 9.8% to 2.8 trillion during the first half of 2026. U.S. streams rose 4.8% to 732.7 billion, while Spanish-language music represented 9.4% of combined U.S. on-demand audio and video streams. 

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CDs and vinyl remain relatively small parts of the overall music business. Their importance comes from ownership, collectibility and the stronger connection physical products create between artists and fans.

Why CDs Suddenly Make Sense Again

The compact disc occupies an increasingly attractive middle ground.

New CDs generally cost far less than new vinyl. They are smaller, easier to store and less vulnerable to warping, scratches, off-center pressings and the other quality-control adventures that now accompany a $40 record. They can also be played directly, ripped to local storage or used as permanent backups when a streaming service removes an album or replaces it with a different master.

The used market is even more compelling. Decades of abandoned collections have left record stores, thrift shops and online sellers with enormous quantities of inexpensive discs. Building a serious CD library can still cost less than assembling one shelf of new audiophile vinyl.

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CDs also work as collectibles without requiring the manufacturing expense, shipping weight and retail price of vinyl. That is especially important for younger fans who want a tangible connection to an artist but do not necessarily have $45 available every time an album appears in four colored-vinyl variants.

music-purchase-motivation-by-generation-2026-06
Source: Luminate Retro Revival Special Report (June 2026)

Vinyl made music ownership fashionable again. CDs may now be benefiting from the culture vinyl helped rebuild.

It also means the hardware industry may not have been indulging in collective nostalgia when it began introducing new CD players and transports at almost every price level.

Marantz has just introduced the $750 CD 70, Mission released the affordable 778CDT transport, NAD returned with the $1,399 C 589, and brands including FiiO and Shanling are producing portable CD players with Bluetooth, balanced headphone outputs, USB DAC functionality and disc-ripping capabilities. 

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Manufacturers do not make these products because three editors and someone’s uncle in Ohio refuse to discard their copies of Brothers in Arms. They see a market.

Record Store Day also deserves some context in vinyl’s defense. The 2026 event took place on April 18 and again delivered hundreds of limited editions through independent retailers. Its commercial impact is not trivial: during Record Store Day week in 2025, U.S. consumers bought 1.2 million albums, including just over one million vinyl records, according to Luminate.

It was the fifth consecutive Record Store Day week to surpass one million album sales. Vinyl is also coming off 19 consecutive years of U.S. revenue growth and passed $1 billion in annual wholesale revenue during 2025.

Against that mature and substantially larger base, another 2.4% increase during the first half of 2026 is hardly evidence of collapse. CDs delivered the more surprising growth rate, but vinyl remains the larger physical format and the economic foundation of the independent record-store revival.

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The Bottom Line

CDs have not reclaimed the physical-media crown, and vinyl is not collapsing. The latest complete RIAA figures still show records comfortably ahead in both units and revenue.

The surprise is that the supposedly obsolete compact disc is now growing much faster.

K-pop explains part of the 16% increase, but Luminate’s 6.7% growth figure without K-pop suggests something broader is happening. Listeners are rediscovering that CDs offer inexpensive physical ownership without vinyl’s escalating prices, storage demands and quality-control roulette.

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Vinyl still owns the throne. The little silver disc has simply stopped behaving like it is waiting for the undertaker.

Which one do you prefer and why?

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Newsletter platform Beehiiv’s now lets subscribers chat with each other, adds AI

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Newsletter platform Beehiiv is expanding into new avenues of engagement by launching a feature called Community, which lets subscribers of a creator chat with each other. The company also launched a new AI Copilot that helps creators manage and grow their audience.

The updates come as Beehiiv positions itself as a creator platform beyond newsletters. In the last few months, the company has launched podcasts, webinars, and customizable paywalls. Some of these moves are already showing positive results. The company said that 50% of podcast users migrated their shows from elsewhere, for instance.

Beehiiv’s new Community tool will allow users to spin up a discussion forum within the platform. Today, creators often have a chat for members on a separate Discord or Slack server or in Facebook groups, but Beehiiv wants to bring those chats back to its own platform. Here, creators can also create paid membership tiers for exclusive access to certain chatrooms and moderate conversations.

“People following your content have a shared interest in what you’re creating, but they can’t communicate with each other. Whether that interest is in sports, the World Cup, or politics, being able to have a community where your audience can actually engage with one another is super valuable,” Beehiiv CEO Tyler Denk told TechCrunch.

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The platform is also introducing an additional revenue-generation opportunity with programmatic ads, which allow users to sell ad slots in their newsletters. They can earn money by choosing the ads that potentially offer the highest returns based on their audience, content, and performance.

The company already has tools like metered paywalls, paid trials, and a sponsorship storefront to sell their own slots in packages. Plus, Beehiiv said the publishers on the platform earn more than $1 million per month through their ad network.

Beehiiv is launching a new AI assistant called Copilot, as well, which can understand context like content, audience, subscribers, and performance to give users advice on how to manage their newsletter and grow their audience. The assistant can analyze the performance of various newsletters and podcasts, draft campaigns for outreach, and look for new money-making opportunities.

The assistant is one of several AI efforts underway. Earlier this year, the company launched a model context protocol (MCP) server, allowing users to connect their Beehiiv to other assistants like ChatGPT and Claude to ask questions and get insights. It’s also working on better AEO (Answer Engine Optimization), which helps a newsletter be cited in AI assistant answers more frequently.

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Along with these updates, the company is shipping a redesigned editor that allows users to see editing and preview modes side by side, helping them to understand how the content they are writing would appear to readers.

Denk noted that in the coming quarter, Beehiiv wants to spend time educating users about these tools and teaching them about how top newsletters are using them to grow their publications.

The platform’s rivals are also evolving by launching new offerings. For instance, Riverside launched a newsletter publishing feature last month, and Substack launched a built-in recording studio product in March.

When you purchase through links in our articles, we may earn a small commission. This doesn’t affect our editorial independence.

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Google Pixel 11 Series Pricing & Key Specs Leaked Ahead of Launch

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Google is expected to launch the Pixel 11 series at its August 12 event. Ahead of the official unveiling, a leak has apparently exposed the prices of the new smartphones in the US, along with their storage capacity, colors, and specifications. These alleged leaks were discovered from Amazon listings that were taken down. As these details haven’t been officially verified yet, they remain just rumors.

Pixel 11 Series Expected Specifications

Google pixel 11 series
Image: Android Authority

The leaked specifications from Android Authority indicate Google may keep several familiar hardware features in the Pixel 11 lineup. The standard Pixel 11 could offer a 6.3-inch OLED display with a 120Hz refresh rate. It could also come with a 4,985mAh battery, a 13MP front-facing camera, Bluetooth 6, and Wi-Fi 6E capability.

Pro models will also get some hardware modifications. For instance, the Pixel 11 Pro is likely to have a 4,850 mAh battery, whereas the Pro XL model can have a 5,115 mAh battery. Both devices may feature 13MP front cameras. According to rumors, the 256 GB variant will have 12 GB of RAM, while other storage options will have 16 GB of RAM. The Pixel 11 Pro Fold could feature a 6.5-inch OLED cover display, a 4,750mAh battery, and a 13MP front camera.

The leaked information further suggests Google may revise both pricing and storage with the Pixel 11 series. Every model could see a $100 price increase. However, the base Pixel 11 may compensate with 256GB of storage as standard. The Pro models could also receive a different RAM setup. The base 256GB variants may feature 12GB RAM. Higher storage options are expected to come with 16GB RAM.

Leaked Pricing, Storage Options, and Colors

The lineup is expected to include four models: Pixel 11, Pixel 11 Pro, Pixel 11 Pro XL, and Pixel 11 Pro Fold. It also hints that the base Pixel 11 may no longer offer a 128GB storage option.

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Model Leaked Price Storage Options Expected Colours
Pixel 11 $899, $1,019 256GB, 512GB Frost, Hibiscus, Obsidian, Pistachio
Pixel 11 Pro $1,099, $1,219, $1,449 256GB, 512GB, 1TB Dune, Light Fog, Midnight, Pine
Pixel 11 Pro XL $1,299, $1,419, $1,649 256GB, 512GB, 1TB Dune, Light Fog, Midnight, Pine
Pixel 11 Pro Fold $1,899, $2,019, $2,249 256GB, 512GB, 1TB Midnight, Pine

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