Crypto World
Wintermute just got SEC approval to trade stocks, and crypto market makers are quietly becoming broker dealers
The largest crypto liquidity provider registered with FINRA on August 6. The move signals something larger than one firm’s expansion: the infrastructure that runs crypto markets is migrating onto Wall Street rails.
Summary
- Wintermute USA LLC registered as a broker dealer with the SEC and FINRA on August 6, 2026, establishing the firm as a regulated proprietary trading entity in U.S. markets with the ability to trade equities, equity options, and exchange traded products tied to digital assets.
- The registration enables Wintermute to act as an authorized participant (AP) for crypto ETPs, meaning it can create and redeem ETF shares directly with issuers, a role that gives it structural access to the arbitrage mechanism that keeps ETF prices aligned with their underlying assets.
- Wintermute facilitates over $10 billion in average daily trading volume across more than 60 centralized and decentralized exchanges globally, making it one of the largest liquidity providers in crypto and now one of the few firms that can provide liquidity across both crypto native venues and traditional stock exchanges from a single balance sheet.
- The broker dealer registration follows Crypto.com’s 2024 acquisition of SEC registered broker dealer Watchdog Capital and Nasdaq’s March 2026 SEC approval for a tokenized share trading rule, forming a pattern where crypto native firms are systematically acquiring or building traditional market infrastructure rather than waiting for traditional firms to enter crypto.
- The registration is restricted to proprietary trading, meaning Wintermute USA will trade only for its own account and will not offer brokerage services to retail or institutional clients, a limitation that reduces regulatory burden but also limits the firm’s revenue model to market making spreads and AP arbitrage.
On August 6, 2026, Wintermute announced that its affiliate Wintermute USA LLC had registered as a broker dealer with the Securities and Exchange Commission and joined the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. The registration allows the firm to trade traditional equities and equity options, act as an authorized participant for exchange traded products including crypto ETPs, and self clear digital asset securities transactions. The filing is narrow in scope. The implications are not.
Wintermute is not the first crypto firm to obtain a broker dealer license. Crypto.com acquired Watchdog Capital in 2024. Coinbase has held a broker dealer registration through its institutional arm for years. But Wintermute’s registration is different in kind because Wintermute is not an exchange or a consumer platform. It is a market maker. Its business is providing liquidity, and its advantage is speed, capital efficiency, and infrastructure that operates across dozens of venues simultaneously. Bringing that infrastructure inside the regulatory perimeter of U.S. securities law is not an incremental compliance exercise. It is a positioning move for a market structure that does not fully exist yet but is being built in pieces.
What the registration actually allows
Wintermute USA LLC’s broker dealer registration covers three specific activities, each with distinct strategic significance.
First, the firm can trade traditional equities and equity options on U.S. national securities exchanges. This means Wintermute’s algorithmic trading infrastructure, built to provide liquidity on crypto exchanges, can now operate on the NYSE, Nasdaq, and options exchanges. The technology is different in implementation but similar in concept: market making is the business of quoting bid and ask prices, managing inventory, and profiting from the spread. Wintermute has been doing this on Binance, Coinbase, Uniswap, and over 60 other venues. Doing it on the NYSE is an extension of the same capability into a regulated venue with stricter rules but more stable counterparties.
Second, the firm can act as an authorized participant for exchange traded products. An AP is one of a limited number of entities that can create and redeem ETF shares directly with the fund issuer. When a Bitcoin ETF’s market price rises above its net asset value, APs create new shares by delivering bitcoin to the fund and selling the newly created shares on the exchange, pushing the price back down. When the market price falls below NAV, APs redeem shares for bitcoin and sell the bitcoin, pushing the ETF price back up. This arbitrage mechanism is what keeps ETFs trading near their fair value.
Being an AP for crypto ETPs is strategically valuable because it places Wintermute at the intersection of crypto spot markets, where it already operates, and the regulated ETF market, where institutional capital flows. The firm can now arbitrage between the two markets from a single balance sheet, capturing the spread that exists when ETF prices deviate from spot. The AP role also gives Wintermute visibility into real time ETF demand patterns, which provides information about institutional positioning that is not available through crypto exchange order books alone. This information asymmetry, while legal and standard among APs, is one of the competitive advantages that makes the registration valuable beyond the direct revenue it generates.
Third, the firm can self clear digital asset securities transactions. Self clearing means Wintermute does not need to route its trades through an external clearing firm, reducing costs and operational dependencies. For a proprietary trading firm that may eventually trade tokenized securities, self clearing is a prerequisite for efficient settlement.
The broader pattern: crypto firms buying Wall Street licenses
Wintermute’s registration is part of a pattern that has accelerated since 2024. Crypto native firms are systematically acquiring or building the regulatory infrastructure needed to operate in traditional markets, rather than waiting for traditional firms to build crypto capabilities.
Crypto.com acquired Watchdog Capital, an SEC registered broker dealer, in 2024. The acquisition gave Crypto.com the ability to offer securities trading to its users and to participate in the regulated securities market. In March 2026, the SEC approved a Nasdaq rule change that enables tokenized share trading on the exchange, creating a new venue where digital representations of traditional securities can trade alongside their conventional counterparts.
These moves reflect a strategic calculation. The firms that can provide liquidity across both crypto and traditional venues will have a structural advantage as the boundary between the two markets blurs. Tokenized equities, which represent ownership of traditional stocks on a blockchain, already trade on platforms like Kraken’s xStocks. As regulatory frameworks like the CLARITY Act define the rules for digital assets, the infrastructure for trading tokenized securities will need market makers who understand both the crypto settlement layer and the traditional securities regulatory framework.
Wintermute’s CEO, Evgeny Gaevoy, framed the registration in these terms: “Digital assets and traditional finance will continue to develop in parallel, intersect in new ways, and ultimately integrate more deeply. As the landscape evolves, the firms that succeed will be those that have technical and operational know how to operate in both.”
https://x.com/cryptodotnews/status/2085792086394343734
Why market makers matter more than exchanges
The public conversation about crypto’s integration with traditional finance has focused on exchanges: Coinbase’s IPO, Robinhood’s crypto trading, Kraken’s xStocks. But exchanges are marketplaces. They set the rules and collect the tolls. Market makers are the firms that actually provide the liquidity that makes trading possible.
On a crypto exchange, when you submit a buy order and it fills instantly, it fills because a market maker had a sell order sitting at that price. The market maker does not care about the direction of the trade. It makes money by buying at the bid price and selling at the ask price, capturing the spread between the two. The spread is narrow because multiple market makers compete for order flow.
Wintermute’s advantage in crypto is infrastructure. The firm’s systems can quote prices across 60 plus venues simultaneously, manage inventory across chains and exchanges, and adjust prices in milliseconds as market conditions change. This infrastructure is expensive to build and difficult to replicate, which is why the market making business is concentrated among a handful of firms: Wintermute, Jump Crypto (now Jump Trading), Cumberland DRW, and a few others.
Bringing this infrastructure to traditional equities is a competitive move against incumbent market makers like Citadel Securities, Virtu Financial, and Susquehanna. These firms dominate equities market making but have been slower to build crypto native capabilities. Wintermute is approaching from the other direction: it has the crypto infrastructure and is now adding the equities license.
The competitive dynamics are unclear. Traditional market makers have decades of experience with SEC regulations, exchange connectivity, and risk management frameworks that crypto firms lack. Wintermute has speed and cross venue capabilities that traditional firms are still building. The winner will likely be determined not by which side is better at its home game but by which side adapts faster to the integrated market that is emerging.
The cross venue advantage extends beyond simple price comparison. When Wintermute quotes a bid price on Coinbase and an ask price on Binance, it is effectively creating a private bridge between two liquidity pools that do not otherwise interact. This bridging function reduces fragmentation across the crypto market, which is structurally more fragmented than equities because it operates across hundreds of independent venues with no centralized national best bid and offer (NBBO) system. In traditional equities, the NBBO requires all exchanges to route orders to the venue displaying the best price. In crypto, no such requirement exists. Market makers like Wintermute serve as informal NBBO providers, arbitraging price differences across venues and in the process making prices more consistent for all traders. Extending this capability to equities gives Wintermute a perspective on market microstructure that spans both regulated and unregulated venues, an informational advantage that no purely traditional or purely crypto market maker currently possesses.
There is also a personnel dimension. Wintermute has been hiring compliance and operations staff with traditional finance backgrounds throughout 2025 and 2026. Building a broker dealer is not just a licensing exercise; it requires risk officers, compliance surveillance systems, trade reporting infrastructure, and relationships with clearing houses. The firm’s ability to recruit people who know these systems while retaining the engineers who built its crypto infrastructure will determine whether it can operate effectively across both worlds or becomes bogged down trying to manage two distinct operational cultures under one roof.
The capital requirements are also worth noting. Broker dealers must maintain minimum net capital under SEC Rule 15c3-1. For a proprietary trading firm, the requirement scales with the size and risk profile of its positions. Wintermute’s existing capital base, built from years of profitable crypto market making, gives it a head start. But operating in equities means deploying capital into markets where the competition is better capitalized, the margins are thinner, and the regulatory penalties for errors are steeper. The firm is entering a game where the incumbents have been playing for decades.
The personnel challenge is compounded by compensation dynamics. Traditional finance compliance officers and risk managers command high salaries, and they typically expect the stability and predictability of established financial institutions. Convincing these professionals to join a firm whose primary revenue comes from crypto market making requires both competitive pay and a credible narrative about the firm’s long term trajectory. Wintermute’s registration provides that narrative, but retaining traditional finance hires through the inevitable volatility of crypto revenue cycles will test the firm’s organizational culture in ways that a regulatory filing alone cannot address.
The AP arbitrage opportunity
The authorized participant role for crypto ETPs is arguably the most immediately valuable component of Wintermute’s registration. Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs hold billions of dollars in assets, and the AP mechanism is the primary tool for keeping those ETFs trading at prices that reflect their underlying holdings.
When Bitcoin’s price moves sharply, the ETF price and the spot price can diverge temporarily. APs profit from closing this gap. If the ETF trades at a 0.5 percent premium to spot, an AP can buy bitcoin at spot, deliver it to the ETF issuer to create new shares, and sell those shares at the premium. The profit is the 0.5 percent spread minus transaction costs.
For Wintermute, this trade is especially attractive because the firm already holds bitcoin and ETH inventory across dozens of venues. It can source the underlying asset at the best available price across its venue network and deliver it to the ETF issuer at a lower effective cost than an AP that trades only on one or two exchanges. The cross venue sourcing advantage is the same edge that makes Wintermute effective in crypto market making, applied to a new product.
The creation and redemption process also introduces a timing dimension that favors firms with existing crypto market infrastructure. When an AP creates new ETF shares, it must deliver the underlying asset, whether bitcoin or ether, to the fund custodian within a specified settlement window. Sourcing that asset quickly and at a predictable price requires access to deep liquidity pools across multiple venues. A market maker that already maintains inventory on dozens of exchanges can fill this requirement faster and at a lower cost than an AP that must first purchase the asset on a single exchange and then transfer it to the custodian. The settlement timing advantage compounds during periods of high volatility, when ETF premiums and discounts are widest and the arbitrage opportunity is most profitable. During the March 2025 bitcoin correction, for example, Bitcoin ETF discounts briefly exceeded 1.5 percent, creating an arbitrage window that APs with fast crypto settlement infrastructure could exploit within minutes while others waited for next day delivery.
The volume opportunity is significant. Bitcoin ETF trading volumes have averaged billions of dollars per day since the January 2024 launch. Each trade represents a potential AP opportunity when the ETF price deviates from NAV. Wintermute’s registration gives it access to this revenue stream alongside established APs like Jane Street, Virtu, and Goldman Sachs.
https://x.com/cryptodotnews/status/2083825629414490177
The tokenized securities bet
The long term strategic logic behind Wintermute’s registration extends beyond current products to a market that is still being built: tokenized securities.
Tokenized securities are digital representations of traditional financial instruments, stocks, bonds, ETFs, issued on a blockchain. They trade using crypto settlement infrastructure (24/7, near instant settlement, programmable) but are subject to securities regulation (registration, disclosure, investor protection). The market is small today but growing. The SEC’s approval of Nasdaq’s tokenized share trading rule in March 2026 was a significant regulatory milestone.
For tokenized securities to achieve meaningful trading volume, they need market makers who can provide liquidity on both the tokenized venue and the traditional venue where the underlying security trades. An investor buying tokenized Apple stock needs to receive a price that is competitive with the price on Nasdaq. That price alignment requires a market maker that can trade on both venues and arbitrage any price differences.
Wintermute’s broker dealer registration positions it to be that market maker. The firm can trade traditional Apple stock on Nasdaq through its broker dealer and tokenized Apple stock on a blockchain based venue through its existing crypto infrastructure. The ability to operate on both rails simultaneously is the competitive moat.
This is a five year bet, not a quarter to quarter revenue play. Tokenized securities volumes are still a fraction of traditional market volumes. But the infrastructure investment required to be ready when the market scales is substantial, and Wintermute is making it now.
The tokenized securities thesis also has a settlement advantage that is easy to overlook. Traditional equities settle on a T+1 basis, meaning the buyer does not receive the shares and the seller does not receive cash until the next business day. Tokenized securities on a blockchain can settle in minutes or seconds. For a market maker, faster settlement means lower capital requirements. Every dollar tied up waiting for settlement is a dollar that cannot be deployed elsewhere. If tokenized securities achieve significant volume, the market maker that can settle both the tokenized and traditional versions simultaneously will have a capital efficiency advantage that compounds across thousands of daily trades.
https://x.com/cryptodotnews/status/2080820829823152211
What this does not resolve
The registration does not make Wintermute a retail broker. The firm trades exclusively for its own proprietary account. It cannot accept customer deposits, manage customer accounts, or provide investment advice. Users will not interact with Wintermute USA directly. They will interact with it indirectly through tighter spreads on the venues where it provides liquidity.
The registration also does not resolve the broader regulatory uncertainty facing digital asset securities. The CLARITY Act, if passed, would define which digital assets are securities and which are commodities. Until that framework exists, trading in digital asset securities carries compliance risk that even a broker dealer registration does not fully mitigate.
Finally, the registration does not eliminate the conflicts of interest inherent in market making. Market makers profit from the spread, which is a cost to traders. They have information advantages from seeing order flow across multiple venues. And their automated systems can react faster than any human trader. These dynamics exist in traditional equities and are well understood by regulators. How they apply to a market maker that operates across both crypto and traditional venues simultaneously is a newer question.
The cross venue information flow is particularly sensitive. A market maker that sees order flow on both Binance and the NYSE possesses information about demand in two markets that are increasingly correlated. If bitcoin’s price moves sharply on Binance, Wintermute’s systems could theoretically adjust equity quotes on Bitcoin ETFs before other market participants process the same information. This is the same type of latency arbitrage that high frequency trading firms have exploited in equities for years, but applied across a market boundary that regulators are only beginning to monitor. FINRA and the SEC will be watching how Wintermute manages information barriers between its crypto and equities desks.
What to watch
Wintermute’s equities and options trading volume. The firm’s performance in traditional markets will signal whether crypto native market makers can compete with incumbents. Initial volumes will be small, but the trajectory matters more than the starting point.
Additional crypto firms seeking broker dealer status. If other major crypto market makers (Jump, Cumberland, Amber Group) pursue similar registrations, it confirms that the industry views traditional market access as a competitive necessity rather than an optional expansion.
Tokenized securities volume growth. Wintermute’s long term thesis depends on tokenized securities becoming a meaningful asset class. Tracking volume on platforms like Kraken’s xStocks and Nasdaq’s tokenized trading framework will indicate whether this bet is paying off.
SEC rulemaking on digital asset securities. The regulatory framework for trading digital asset securities is still being built. SEC guidance on custody, settlement, and disclosure requirements for tokenized securities will shape the market that Wintermute is positioning to serve.
AP market share for crypto ETPs. Wintermute’s share of the creation and redemption flow for Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs will be an early indicator of the firm’s ability to compete with established APs in a regulated market.
Regulatory scrutiny of cross market information flows. As Wintermute begins trading equities while maintaining its crypto operations, FINRA and the SEC will monitor how the firm manages information barriers between its trading desks. Any enforcement action related to cross market information use would signal that regulators view the convergence of crypto and equities market making as a systemic risk requiring new supervisory frameworks.
Hiring patterns at competing crypto market makers. If Jump Trading, Cumberland, and Amber Group pursue similar registrations and begin hiring traditional finance compliance and trading staff, it confirms that the industry views Wintermute’s move as setting a competitive standard rather than pursuing a niche strategy. The pace of these hires will indicate how quickly the broader crypto market making industry expects the integrated market to materialize.
u003cstrongu003eWhat did Wintermute register for?u003c/strongu003e
u003cpu003eWintermute USA LLC registered as a broker dealer with the SEC and FINRA on August 6, 2026. The registration allows the firm to trade U.S. equities and equity options, act as an authorized participant for exchange traded products including crypto ETPs, and self clear digital asset securities transactions. The registration is limited to proprietary trading.u003c/pu003e
u003cstrongu003eWhat is an authorized participant?u003c/strongu003e
u003cpu003eAn authorized participant (AP) is one of a limited number of entities that can create and redeem ETF shares directly with the fund issuer. APs keep ETF prices aligned with their underlying assets by arbitraging the difference between the ETF market price and its net asset value. Wintermute’s AP status allows it to perform this function for crypto ETPs like Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs.u003c/pu003e
u003cstrongu003eWill Wintermute offer brokerage services to retail traders?u003c/strongu003e
u003cpu003eNo. Wintermute USA’s registration is restricted to proprietary trading. The firm trades only for its own account and does not accept customer deposits, manage customer accounts, or provide investment advice. Users interact with Wintermute indirectly through the liquidity it provides on exchanges.u003c/pu003e
u003cstrongu003eWhy would a crypto market maker want to trade stocks?u003c/strongu003e
u003cpu003eCrypto and traditional markets are converging through products like crypto ETFs, tokenized securities, and regulated digital asset trading venues. A market maker that can provide liquidity across both crypto and traditional venues has a structural advantage in this integrated market. Wintermute’s registration positions it to capture arbitrage opportunities across market types.u003c/pu003e
u003cstrongu003eHow big is Wintermute’s trading operation?u003c/strongu003e
u003cpu003eWintermute facilitates over $10 billion in average daily trading volume across more than 60 centralized and decentralized exchanges globally. The firm is one of the largest liquidity providers in crypto and now operates in U.S. regulated securities markets as well.u003c/pu003e
u003cstrongu003eAre other crypto firms pursuing broker dealer licenses?u003c/strongu003e
u003cpu003eYes. Crypto.com acquired SEC registered broker dealer Watchdog Capital in 2024. Coinbase has held a broker dealer registration through its institutional arm. The trend suggests that major crypto firms view traditional market access as a competitive necessity as the two market types converge.u003c/pu003e
u003cstrongu003eWhat are tokenized securities?u003c/strongu003e
u003cpu003eTokenized securities are digital representations of traditional financial instruments, such as stocks or bonds, issued on a blockchain. They trade using crypto settlement infrastructure but are subject to securities regulation. Wintermute’s broker dealer registration positions it to provide liquidity for tokenized securities as this market develops.u003c/pu003e
u003cstrongu003eHow does this affect regular crypto traders?u003c/strongu003e
u003cpu003eRegular crypto traders will not interact with Wintermute USA directly. The indirect effect is potentially tighter spreads and better execution on crypto exchanges and ETFs where Wintermute provides liquidity. As the firm’s cross market capabilities expand, its ability to source liquidity across venues may improve the trading experience for users on the platforms it supports.u003c/pu003eu003cpu003e*Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute financial, investment, or legal advice. Cryptocurrency investments carry significant risks. Always conduct your own research before making any financial decisions. The information in this article is current as of August 8, 2026.*u003c/pu003e
Crypto World
Robinhood Brings Crypto Trading to UK Investors With Zero Fees
Robinhood has launched cryptocurrency trading for UK investors, thus expanding its local offering beyond stocks, options, and futures.
The service will begin rolling out to eligible customers this week through Bitstamp UK Ltd.
Users will be able to trade over 50 digital assets, including Bitcoin, Ethereum, XRP, Hyperliquid, and more. The firm said crypto trading will also come with zero trading, account maintenance, or custody fees. However, the users will have to pay a 0.1% FX fee, which will increase to 0.3% during weekends.
Speaking on the matter was Jordan Sinclair, President of Robinhood UK LTD and GM of Bitstamp UK LTD, who said:
“A new wave of UK investors sees digital assets as an important part of a diversified portfolio. With today’s launch, we’re taking another major step toward becoming the all-in=one investment platform for the UK.”
Moreover, the firm is also introducing Cortex Digests for Crypto – an AI-powered feature that’s designed to summarize market news, technical indicators, and factors that influence individual crypto assets.
It’s also worth noting that the announcement comes amid interesting times for Robinhood, as its proprietary Robinhood Chain continues attracting attention. Since the global launch of the network, it has already generated over $18 billion in DEX trading volume, expanding its total value locked (TVL) to more than $840 million.
As CryptoPotato reported recently, the blockchain also became the largest one by means of its real-world assets (RWAs) holder count.
The post Robinhood Brings Crypto Trading to UK Investors With Zero Fees appeared first on CryptoPotato.
Crypto World
Cysic surges 223% weekly as Upbit adds CYS markets
Cysic’s CYS token surged before South Korean exchange Upbit announced new BTC and USDT trading pairs on Aug. 10, drawing attention to the timing of one of the token’s largest intraday moves.
Summary
- CYS rose sharply before Upbit announced new BTC and USDT markets for the Cysic token.
- Upbit twice delayed trading, moving CYS support from 14:00 KST ultimately to 20:00 KST Monday.
- CoinGecko recorded CYS near $0.93, up 11% daily and more than 220% across seven days.
- CoinGecko lists CYS’s all-time high at $1.23, below the $1.30 peak.
- Upbit will initially restrict buy orders and allow only limit orders for roughly two hours.
Upbit initially scheduled trading for 14:00 KST, but the exchange has since postponed the opening twice, with its latest notice moving the launch to 20:00 KST.
That update is important because CYS had already recorded much of its price surge before Upbit trading began. At the time of research, the new markets had not yet opened, meaning the rally cannot be described as buying activity occurring on Upbit itself.
Cysic rally came before Upbit announced the listing
Upbit published its original CYS trading announcement on Aug. 10, saying it would add CYS/BTC and CYS/USDT markets and support deposits and withdrawals through Base. The exchange initially targeted 14:00 KST for trading. Its official social media post confirms that original schedule.
The timing of CYS’s price action came earlier. CYS climbed from around $0.80 to a wick near $1.30, with the largest move occurring around 23:00 UTC on Aug. 9. Upbit’s public listing announcement arrived several hours later.
That sequence has prompted unverified speculation online about whether some traders had advance knowledge of the listing. However, there is currently no verified evidence establishing that Upbit information leaked or that insider trading occurred. Neither the price chart nor the timing alone proves misconduct, and no official investigation or finding reviewed for this story supports such a conclusion.
CYS was also rallying before the Upbit news. CoinGecko historical data show the token closing around $0.54 on Aug. 4, $0.83 on Aug. 5 and $0.95 on Aug. 7, demonstrating that its broader advance had already been underway for several sessions.
Upbit delays Cysic trading twice to 20:00 KST
The exchange changed the timetable shortly after announcing the six new assets. Upbit first moved trading for CYS, ICNT, XAN, EDEN, AIOZ and ALLO from 14:00 KST to 17:00 KST. Its official post identified the revised opening time directly.
A second update at 16:45 KST then pushed the launch from 17:00 KST to 20:00 KST. Upbit’s official Telegram channel recorded the additional schedule change after its earlier postponement. The exchange’s notice did not attribute either delay to a problem with CYS specifically.
Upbit had warned in the original announcement that trading could be delayed if sufficient liquidity was not secured after deposits and withdrawals opened. Similar provisions have appeared in other listings. As crypto.news reported in recent CAP listing coverage, new Upbit markets can be postponed when opening liquidity does not meet the exchange’s requirements.
Once CYS trading begins, Upbit plans to restrict buy orders for approximately five minutes. Sell orders priced more than 10% below the previous day’s reference close will face a similar initial restriction, while only limit orders will be accepted for roughly the first two hours.
Cysic price data show a volatile record attempt
CYS was trading near $0.92 at the latest CoinGecko reading, up about 11% over 24 hours and more than 223% over seven days. Its market capitalization was around $150 million, based on roughly 160 million circulating tokens. Twenty four hour volume stood above $70 million.

CoinGecko currently lists Cysic’s all time high at $1.28. The safest interpretation is that CYS reached a new record on some trading venues, while the exact peak depends on the exchange and price feed used.
The volatility is not unusual around major South Korean exchange announcements. In recent GRVT listing coverage, GRVT had already risen 23% before its scheduled Upbit opening. Likewise, earlier CFX listing coverage showed Conflux gaining about 8.5% before trading began. Neither case proves the announcement was the sole cause of the preceding price move.
What happens next when Upbit opens Cysic markets
The immediate event is the scheduled 20:00 KST opening of CYS/BTC and CYS/USDT trading. Traders will then be able to distinguish the pre listing price move from the actual market response once Upbit orders begin executing.
Cysic describes itself as a decentralized compute network connecting hardware capacity with demand for zero knowledge and AI computation. Its official documentation says participants can provide compute resources and earn CYS, while the network supports workloads ranging from consumer hardware to GPUs and specialized ZK equipment.
South Korea remains an important market for exchange driven altcoin activity despite weaker overall volumes. As crypto.news reported in South Korean trading data, Upbit accounted for 67.4% of trading among the country’s five major won based exchanges during the measured July period.
For CYS, the next test is therefore the market opening itself. The token has already experienced a sharp rally and retracement before Upbit trading started. Whether the new BTC and USDT pairs create sustained demand will only become measurable after trading begins.
Disclosure: This article does not represent investment advice. The content and materials featured on this page are for educational purposes only.
Crypto World
Bitcoin Red Team Founder Says Chinese AI Shift ‘Guts Me’
A Bitcoin security researcher says he lost access to OpenAI’s Trust & Cyber tooling while working on ongoing red-team scans, forcing him to revert to alternative AI options for future analysis. The episode underscores a broader worry shared by parts of the crypto defense community: that the most capable AI systems may not be readily available to those trying to harden public code against cyber threats.
In an X post on Tuesday, AnchorWatch CEO Rob Hamilton said he began integrating OpenAI’s Trust & Cyber capabilities into his Bitcoin Red Team efforts on Saturday. He later reported that his access was restricted the following morning, prompting him to switch back to using Chinese open-source models for vulnerability research. Hamilton framed the change as a practical necessity for maintaining defensive work rather than a preferred approach.
Key takeaways
- Hamilton says access to OpenAI’s Trust & Cyber capabilities was restricted after he started using it for Bitcoin Red Team research.
- He plans to continue scanning Bitcoin-related repositories using Chinese open-source AI models rather than relying on the previously integrated tooling.
- Bitcoin Red Team’s approach combines AI-assisted scanning with human review across hundreds of open-source repositories.
- The incident echoes wider concerns from crypto leaders that “frontier” AI access remains limited despite rising cyber risk.
A sudden access restriction changes the research workflow
Hamilton’s post describes a short integration window: after beginning to use OpenAI’s Trust & Cyber tools for Bitcoin Red Team on Saturday, he said he was prevented from continuing the investigation after access was restricted the next day. In his view, the restriction limited not only the ability to evaluate existing code changes but also to check whether additional issues remained undiscovered.
Hamilton also characterized the situation as a policy bottleneck, implying that defensive teams are constrained by rules that attackers can bypass. He argued that “intelligence is unrestricted” for actors who pursue harm, while defenders conducting “harm reduction” are left without comparable tooling. The core point is less about the specific model choice and more about continuity: red-team work depends on sustained access to iterative analysis tools as scans evolve and new leads emerge.
Why this matters for Bitcoin security testing
Bitcoin Red Team is described as a volunteer effort using AI tools and human review to examine a large number of Bitcoin-related open-source repositories for vulnerabilities. According to the account referenced in Hamilton’s post, the work has been particularly active in the wake of major wallet security incidents.
That timing is important because defenders often need rapid, repeatable workflows to assess code changes across a sprawling ecosystem. When an AI tool is removed midstream, it can slow down verification, increase manual effort, or force researchers to restart parts of their process with different systems. Hamilton’s statement suggests the restriction wasn’t merely a temporary inconvenience—it affected his ability to continue investigating code updates and to explore whether other weaknesses might be present.
His comment also reflects a recurring pattern in security research: tools that speed up initial discovery are only as useful as the ability to keep investigating after early findings. If the process is cut short, the risk of leaving unresolved vulnerabilities rises, especially in open-source environments where issues may be subtle and scattered across multiple repositories.
Escalating threat pressure and limited AI access
The episode fits into a larger debate inside crypto about who gets access to advanced AI capabilities. Earlier coverage referenced in the article notes that crypto executives told Cointelegraph last month that many major firms were still waiting to obtain powerful new AI models to help secure their code against escalating cyber threats, with only a select few having been able to get access.
Bringing Hamilton’s account into that context, the risk for the broader sector is not only that attackers will improve their methods, but that defenders may not be able to match speed and depth. If the most effective tools are restricted, available only to a narrow set of organizations, or subject to sudden changes in access policy, the defense pipeline may become uneven.
Hamilton’s complaint is also notable for its emphasis on “sufficient” code changes. In vulnerability research, it is not enough to identify a potential bug; teams also need to confirm that patches address the underlying issue and do not introduce new problems. Cutting off access at the point where verification is needed is therefore more damaging than removing a tool at the early scanning stage.
What readers should watch next
The immediate story is a researcher switching back to Chinese open-source AI models after reporting restricted access to OpenAI’s Trust & Cyber capabilities. Going forward, observers will likely focus on whether Bitcoin Red Team can maintain its scan velocity and depth without the previously used tools, and whether other crypto security teams report similar access volatility as they try to use frontier AI for defensive purposes.
Crypto World
UK regulators to prepare tokenized gold framework: Report

The UK’s FCA is reportedly preparing a regulatory framework for tokenized gold and how these products may be used as collateral assets in wholesale markets.
Crypto World
3 Token Unlocks to Watch in the Second Week of August 2026
The cryptocurrency market will welcome a wave of tokens worth more than $605.5 million in the second week of August 2026. Major projects, including YZY (YZY), Connex (CONX), and Arbitrum (ARB), will release previously locked supplies over the next seven days.
These unlocks could increase short-term volatility and influence price movements. So, here’s a breakdown of what to watch in each project.
1. YZY (YZY)
- Unlock Date: August 16
- Number of Tokens to be Unlocked: 120.83 million YZY
- Released Supply: 529.17 million YZY
- Total supply: 1 billion YZY
YZY is a cryptocurrency token associated with the rapper Ye (formerly known as Kanye West). It is positioned within the broader “YZY MONEY” ecosystem, which includes the YZY token, the payment platform Ye Pay, and the physical YZY Card.
On August 16, YZY will unlock 120.83 million tokens worth around $35.22 million. The tokens represent 22.83% of the released supply.
The team will allocate 100 million altcoins to Yeezy Investments LLC, Vesting 3 and 12.5 million tokens to Yeezy Investments LLC, Vesting 1. Moreover, it will direct 8.33 million tokens to Yeezy Investments LLC, Vesting 2.
2. Connex (CONX)
- Unlock Date: August 15
- Number of Tokens to be Unlocked: 1.32 million CONX
- Released Supply: 92.57 million CONX
- Total supply: 100 million CONX
Connex is a permissionless, open, and collaborative Web3 professional network. The project integrates blockchain with networking, promoting transparency and fair value exchange among professionals in the digital economy. Holders can use CONX for payments and governance.
Connex will unlock 1.32 million CONX tokens into the market on August 15. Moreover, the supply is worth approximately $11.55 million. It represents 1.43% of the released supply.
The team will allocate around 822,500 CONX to the ecosystem. Furthermore, the community treasury will get 500,000 altcoins.
3. Arbitrum (ARB)
- Unlock Date: August 16
- Number of Tokens to be Unlocked: 92.65 million ARB
- Released Supply: 5.74 billion ARB
- Total supply: 10 billion ARB
Arbitrum is a Layer-2 scaling solution built for Ethereum (ETH). It enhances transaction speed and reduces costs while maintaining the security of the Ethereum network.
The blockchain achieves this by utilizing ‘optimistic rollups,’ which process transactions off-chain and submit them to the Ethereum mainnet for validation.
On August 16, Arbitrum will unlock 92.65 million tokens into the market. The tokens are worth $7.19 million and represent 1.61% of the current released supply.
Arbitrum will award 56.13 million ARB from the unlocked supply to the team, future team, and advisors. Moreover, investors will gain 36.52 million tokens.
In addition to these, other prominent unlocks that investors can look out for in the second week of August include Linea (LINEA), Aptos (APT), Starknet (STRK), Sei (SEI), and more.
The post 3 Token Unlocks to Watch in the Second Week of August 2026 appeared first on BeInCrypto.
Crypto World
Inside stablecoin firm BVNK’s journey to a $1.8B acquisition by Mastercard
“They came to us highly recommended by an alumni CEO that we had already backed,” Rist told CoinDesk in an interview. “So, there was a lot of trust there, and this CEO said, ‘You got to meet these guys’. They were serial entrepreneurs coming out of South Africa. They’d never built businesses outside of South Africa, but they were hungry. They were relentless.”
Despite enjoying a sturdy exit, Rist said he feels mixed emotions toward the Mastercard acquisition, having been part of the whole BVNK journey. “It’s actually sad to sign the papers, almost like sending your son off to boarding school,” he said.
Chris Harmse, co-founder and chief business officer at BVNK echoed this: “It’s been an incredible journey,” he said in an email. “Concentric has been a valued partner throughout that journey.”
Stablecoins, one of the busiest areas of crypto, have become a focal point for the large card networks and payments players. The total stablecoin market cap is about $300 billion, according to CoinGecko data.
The proverbial cat was set loose among the pigeons when Stripe acquired stablecoin infrastructure firm Bridge in late 2024 for $1.1 billion. This probably put pressure on the likes of Visa and Mastercard to start kicking the tires of other stablecoin shops so as not to be outflanked by Stripe’s aggressive approach.
Crypto World
BIP-110 Soft Fork Implodes: Mines Just Two Blocks Before Grinding to a Halt
A Bitcoin soft fork built around BIP-110 split from the main chain after block 961,632 this week, and it barely got off the ground. The pool backing it, Roughnecks, mined exactly two blocks before the rest of the network’s hashpower left it stranded.
The split was supposed to test whether a determined group of node operators could force miners to fall in line on data spam. Instead, it showed how little leverage a minority actually has once the hashrate refuses to follow.
The Fork Stalls Within Hours
BIP-110 needed miners to signal support by block 961,632, or a mandatory signaling rule would take over. When AntPool mined the first non-signaling block, nodes running Bitcoin Knots split into their own chain. Roughnecks found blocks 961,632 and 961,633 on that branch, then nothing more. Bitcoin’s original chain kept moving at its usual pace and reached block 961,651, opening an 18-block lead within about a day.
The math comes down to difficulty. Bitcoin’s mining difficulty had just adjusted to 127.48T, a target both chains inherited. With only a sliver of total hashpower behind it, the BIP-110 branch found blocks far slower than the usual ten minutes.
BIP-110 supporter Matthew Kratter admitted that the minority chain would need “massive change” to catch up. It never came. By the time Michael Saylor addressed the split, he put the gap at more than 80 blocks and said roughly 99.85 percent of Bitcoin’s hashpower had stayed with the main chain.
Lyn Alden made a similar distinction on August 9, saying the majority of miners, economic nodes, and exchanges continued with the non-fork.
“It’s not that miners are in control,” she wrote. “The fork just didn’t have consensus.”
BIP-110 supporters have rejected that conclusion. Luke Dashjr wrote on August 9 that claims of the proposal’s failure were false. Earlier, he had argued that BIP-110 remained uncontested because no counter-fork had emerged.
However, Roughnecks put out a tweet asking those mining on the BIP-110 chain under the current algorithm to stop until further notice, with investor Fred Krueger pointing out that the lead had grown from “153 to 2.”
Bitcoin’s price barely moved through any of it. BTC traded around $65,000, up modestly on the day and nearly 4% for the week, though still down close to 45% from a year earlier.
Dispute Over Data, Not Just Block Counts
The underlying fight traces back to Bitcoin Core dropping its old limit on OP_RETURN data, which let more non-monetary data, like Ordinals and Runes, fill up blocks that BIP-110 backers wanted reserved for payments.
Farside Investors had warned weeks earlier that the fix carried its own risk. Wallets using Miniscript could still generate addresses built on soon-to-be-banned Taproot scripts, and any bitcoin sent to them after activation would become unspendable. Pay-to-public-key outputs, an old script format holding more than 1.7 million BTC, faced new restrictions too, though existing units could still be spent.
Not everyone who backed BIP-110’s goals agreed with how the attempt played out. Writer Secure Sovereign, who supported the underlying fix but not this activation path, said the effort left BIP-110 as “a distant minority with no realistic path to catching the main chain,” arguing miners never faced real risk of being forked off themselves.
Days later, Bitcoin developer Murch moved to remove Luke Dashjr from his role as a BIP editor, citing his handling of the proposal as a conflict of interest, a dispute still playing out on Bitcoin’s mailing list.
The post BIP-110 Soft Fork Implodes: Mines Just Two Blocks Before Grinding to a Halt appeared first on CryptoPotato.
Crypto World
Robinhood rolls out crypto trading in UK with more than 50 assets
Robinhood has begun offering cryptocurrency trading to eligible UK customers, giving users access to more than 50 digital assets through Bitstamp inside its main investing app.
Summary
- Robinhood has launched crypto trading for eligible UK customers with access to more than 50 digital assets.
- Crypto trades are provided through FCA registered Bitstamp UK, which Robinhood acquired for $200 million last year.
- The service has no trading, custody or account maintenance fees, while foreign exchange fees start at 0.1%.
- Robinhood has also introduced Cortex Digests for Crypto, an AI powered tool for analyzing crypto price movements.
- The launch follows Robinhood’s FCA crypto registration on July 31 ahead of the UK’s new authorization regime.
According to a Bloomberg report, the rollout starts this week and brings crypto trading alongside Robinhood’s existing UK products, which include equities, stocks and shares ISAs, options and futures.
Customers can buy and sell assets including Bitcoin, Ethereum, XRP and HYPE, with the trades handled by Bitstamp UK Ltd. Robinhood acquired the long-running crypto exchange for $200 million last year and has since used the business to support parts of its international crypto expansion.
The UK service carries no trading, custody or account maintenance fees, Robinhood said. Customers will instead pay a 0.1% foreign exchange fee when converting currencies, while certain conversions made during weekends will carry a 0.3% fee.
Robinhood crypto trading starts after FCA registration
The launch follows regulatory approval secured shortly before the product rollout. Robinhood’s UK subsidiary was added to the Financial Conduct Authority’s register of cryptoasset firms on July 31, clearing a regulatory requirement for providing cryptocurrency services in the country.
Under the existing UK system, crypto firms must register with the FCA and comply with anti-money laundering requirements before offering covered services. Robinhood had previously disclosed during its July 29 second-quarter earnings report that it planned to introduce crypto products in the UK but did not provide a launch date at the time.
Crypto trading is being provided through Bitstamp UK Ltd, which is registered with the FCA as a cryptoasset service provider. Robinhood warned that cryptocurrencies held through Bitstamp UK are not protected by the Financial Services Compensation Scheme or covered by the Financial Ombudsman Service.
Jordan Sinclair, president of Robinhood UK Ltd and general manager of Bitstamp UK Ltd, said the company sees digital assets becoming an important part of investment portfolios among a new group of UK investors.
“With today’s launch, we’re taking another major step toward becoming the all-in-one investment platform for the UK,” Sinclair said.
Robinhood enters the market before another regulatory change scheduled for the UK crypto sector. Applications under the country’s incoming crypto authorization framework are expected to open at the end of September and remain available until the end of February 2027, with the full regime scheduled to take effect in October 2027.
The FCA registration obtained under the current anti-money laundering framework does not replace authorization under the incoming system. Companies seeking to continue providing covered crypto services after the transition will need to meet the requirements of the new regime.
Cortex adds AI analysis to Robinhood’s UK crypto service
Alongside trading, Robinhood is introducing Cortex Digests for Crypto to UK customers as part of the rollout.
The generative AI feature processes breaking news, technical indicators, market information and Robinhood’s proprietary data to provide explanations for price movements in individual cryptocurrencies. According to the company, the tool is designed to give investors additional market context when evaluating digital assets.
Adding the feature extends Robinhood Cortex into a crypto service that now sits inside the same application as the company’s other UK investment products.
The launch also connects UK customers to a crypto business that has expanded beyond buying and selling tokens. Robinhood has been developing its own blockchain infrastructure through Robinhood Chain, a permissionless Layer 2 network built using Arbitrum technology.
According to company figures, Robinhood Chain has recorded more than $18 billion in decentralized exchange trading volume and more than $840 million in total value locked since launching on July 1.
Developers worldwide, including those in the UK, can build applications on the network. Robinhood has described the blockchain as infrastructure developed to institutional standards.
During the company’s latest earnings period, CEO Vlad Tenev said Robinhood Chain had become the fastest Ethereum Virtual Machine-compatible blockchain to reach 100 million transactions.
Crypto revenue fell as Robinhood expanded other businesses
The UK rollout comes after Robinhood reported lower cryptocurrency transaction revenue during the second quarter despite expanding its digital asset products.
Crypto transaction revenue fell 38% from a year earlier to $100 million in the quarter ended June 30, according to financial results released on July 29.
Other parts of Robinhood’s trading business recorded stronger growth. Prediction markets generated $156 million during the quarter, exceeding crypto transaction revenue for the first time.
Total net revenue increased 32% year over year to $1.31 billion, while net income rose 48% to $573 million compared with the second quarter of 2025.
During the same period, Robinhood launched Robinhood Chain, expanded its Stock Tokens product to more than 120 countries, introduced Robinhood Earn and completed its acquisition of Canadian crypto platform WonderFi.
Prediction markets have also become a larger part of the company’s product lineup. The Wall Street Journal reported in July that Robinhood had discussed adding event contracts from Crypto.com to its prediction markets hub, although neither company confirmed an agreement.
Robinhood already distributes contracts through Kalshi and ForecastEx, while it also operates Rothera through a joint venture with Susquehanna International Group.
Robinhood has continued adding products outside crypto
Days before launching UK crypto trading, Robinhood also filed to raise as much as $200 million for its second publicly listed venture fund.
Regulatory filings showed Robinhood Ventures Fund II plans to offer 7.6 million shares at $25 each, with Robinhood separately selling another 400,000 shares. Subject to regulatory approval, the fund is expected to begin trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker RVII on Aug. 13.
Unlike Robinhood Ventures Fund I, which concentrated on later-stage private companies including OpenAI, Stripe, SpaceX and Databricks, RVII is structured mainly around earlier-stage businesses.
The fund is expected to begin with investments in about 80 private companies and will primarily target seed-stage businesses connected to Y Combinator, including companies founded by current or former accelerator participants and YC alumni.
Robinhood Ventures head Sarah Pinto said the structure is intended to give retail investors access to companies earlier in their development rather than requiring them to wait until an initial public offering.
RVII also introduces fees that were not part of Robinhood’s first venture fund. Regulatory disclosures show investors will pay a 2% annual management fee and a 20% incentive fee on realized gains, while the prospectus warns that shareholders will not have redemption rights before liquidation.
The subscription period is scheduled to close on Aug. 12, according to the filing, with Goldman Sachs serving as lead bookrunner and Citigroup, JPMorgan, UBS and Wells Fargo acting as joint bookrunners.
Crypto World
UMX launches beta with crypto and real U.S. stocks
UMX, the Unified Market Exchange incubated by Li Lin’s Avenir Group, launched an invitation only public beta on Aug. 10 for professional investors.
Summary
- UMX launched an invitation-only beta combining crypto trading with real U.S. stocks, ETFs and options.
- Users can convert USDT into dollars or borrow against crypto to fund securities purchases directly.
- UMX says securities positions represent actual shares rather than CFDs or purely price-tracking tokenized products.
- Stock holdings can be converted into tokens and counted toward crypto account margin requirements directly.
- Avenir held 18.28 million IBIT shares at March 31, retaining Asia’s largest institutional holder ranking.
The platform combines crypto trading with access to real U.S. stocks, ETFs and U.S. stock options, according to a PANews report citing official disclosures.
The beta is built around moving capital between crypto and securities accounts rather than keeping the two markets separate. UMX says eligible users can trade crypto spot, margin, contracts and options while also accessing U.S. securities through the same broader platform.
UMX beta combines crypto and real U.S. securities
UMX says its securities service gives users positions in actual U.S. shares rather than CFDs or products that only track stock prices. A Wu Blockchain review of UMX disclosures says the service includes stocks, ETFs, options and fractional shares, with trading spanning premarket, regular, after hours and overnight sessions.

The platform is aimed at global professional investors, but access depends on location, account status and product eligibility. The launch material does not establish that the securities service is available to U.S. residents. Offering U.S. listed assets and serving customers located in the U.S. are separate questions, so the distinction should remain clear until UMX publishes more jurisdiction specific details.
Cross asset tools connect stablecoins, crypto and shares
UMX’s main feature is the capital bridge between its crypto and securities sides. Through “Exchange Transfer,” users can convert stablecoins such as USDT into U.S. dollars and move the funds into a securities account. “Loan Transfer” allows crypto assets other than stablecoins to serve as collateral for purchasing power used to trade stocks, ETFs and U.S. stock options.
The platform also says securities holdings can be converted through a “Shares to Token” function into corresponding stock tokens. Those tokens can count toward crypto account margin at applicable discount rates and can later be converted back into securities. The launch reports reviewed do not identify the blockchain, token issuer or detailed custody structure behind those converted positions.
UMX is also testing cross asset margin treatment for eligible wealth management balances. During the beta, it advertises maximum annualized yields of “up to 2.5%” for BTC and “up to 5.5%” for USDT products. Those figures are platform advertised rates rather than guaranteed returns, and UMX says rates, limits and terms depend on the individual product.
Avenir brings a large Bitcoin ETF position to UMX
Avenir Group describes its strategy as integrating traditional finance and digital assets through investment, incubation and operations. The firm has also invested in trading infrastructure, including a February partnership with CoinRoutes aimed at improving institutional execution and capital efficiency across fragmented markets.
An SEC filing by Avenir Tech Ltd, signed by Li Lin, shows 18,276,100 BlackRock iShares Bitcoin Trust shares worth about $702.2 million as of March 31. The filing was submitted May 15 and remains the latest quarterly 13F available as of Aug. 10.
As crypto.news reported in earlier Avenir coverage, the group had already built a large regulated Bitcoin ETF position before expanding further into infrastructure connecting traditional and digital finance.
UMX also enters a market where crypto platforms are moving toward broader financial services. In Binance’s stock trading rollout, eligible users outside the U.S. gained access to thousands of U.S. stocks and ETFs. Meanwhile, recent NYSE tokenization coverage shows traditional exchanges pursuing blockchain based securities infrastructure from the opposite direction.
What happens next for UMX
The public beta remains invitation only. Users with a beta code can register, while those without one can reserve access to the full version and receive launch notifications. UMX has not disclosed a firm date for its wider release in the launch material reviewed.
The next details to watch are the legal entities providing each securities and crypto service, jurisdiction restrictions, custody arrangements and the mechanics behind stock token conversions. For now, the confirmed development is the beta itself: UMX is testing a framework designed to make stablecoins, crypto collateral and real U.S. securities usable within a shared capital system.
Crypto World
Bitcoin Red Team Founder Joins Chinese AI Project, Cites Impact
A Bitcoin security researcher says he lost access to an OpenAI capability used in his ongoing vulnerability reviews, forcing him to shift back to open-source Chinese AI models. The move underscores a broader concern within parts of the crypto security community: that the most advanced AI systems may be difficult for “defenders” to use, even when the intent is to reduce risk.
In a post on X Tuesday, AnchorWatch CEO Rob Hamilton said he began integrating OpenAI’s Trust & Cyber capabilities into his Bitcoin Red Team effort on Saturday, only to find his access restricted the next morning. “It absolutely guts me as a patriotic American to have to do this,” Hamilton wrote, adding that he would return to using Chinese open-source models to continue protecting Bitcoin infrastructure.
Key takeaways
- Rob Hamilton says access to OpenAI’s Trust & Cyber was restricted shortly after he began integrating it into Bitcoin Red Team work.
- Hamilton frames the change as a defensive tradeoff: open AI models are accessible, while certain frontier tools may be harder for defenders to retain.
- Bitcoin Red Team conducts vulnerability scanning across hundreds of open-source Bitcoin-related repositories using a mix of AI assistance and human review.
- Recent hacks in the hardware wallet space have increased pressure on teams trying to detect issues earlier in the development lifecycle.
How Bitcoin Red Team is using AI to find vulnerabilities
Bitcoin Red Team is a volunteer effort that scans a large set of open-source Bitcoin-related repositories for potential vulnerabilities. According to Hamilton’s account, the work relies on AI tools combined with human verification, with the goal of identifying weaknesses that may otherwise go unnoticed or be discovered only after exploitation.
The group’s efforts have reportedly intensified following a widely discussed incident involving a Coldcard hardware wallet hack, which earlier reporting described as resulting in more than $100 million in stolen Bitcoin. While Hamilton’s post does not quantify how the OpenAI access affected the rate or quality of findings, it does connect the research workflow to a broader urgency—namely, that attackers are actively searching for flaws in the systems people rely on to keep funds secure.
What Hamilton says changed after integrating OpenAI Trust & Cyber
Hamilton’s explanation is straightforward: he started using OpenAI’s Trust & Cyber capabilities to support his team’s review process, then lost the ability to continue the investigation that same week. He said he was “prevented from being able to continue the investigation in a further effort to make sure their code changes are sufficient” and also to determine whether other issues remained undiscovered.
In a follow-up argument about the incentive structure for AI access, Hamilton suggested there is a “local minima in policy,” implying that rules governing the availability of intelligence-focused AI capabilities may unintentionally narrow who can use them for defensive purposes. He added that while “black hats” would not hit these issues, “white hats” could be left on the sidelines if the tooling is restricted.
Hamilton’s characterization is notable because it positions the problem less as a technical limitation of AI and more as an access and policy constraint affecting security research workflows. For investors, users, and builders, the practical concern is that fewer defender teams may be able to run high-end analysis at scale—at the exact moment when vulnerabilities across crypto infrastructure need faster detection.
Broader friction over “frontier” AI access in crypto security
This complaint fits into a pattern that has already been raised by crypto executives. Earlier coverage from Cointelegraph noted that many of crypto’s largest players were “still waiting to gain access” to powerful new AI models to strengthen their code from attacks, with only a limited number able to obtain it. In that context, Hamilton’s experience appears as a micro-level example of how access can be uneven—even for teams working on vulnerability discovery rather than exploitation.
The tension is that crypto ecosystems can’t rely solely on open-source tooling if the industry’s risk profile increasingly demands rapid review of complex codebases. Yet, if leading AI providers constrain usage in ways that make defensive experimentation difficult to sustain, security efforts may end up dependent on a patchwork of what is available rather than what is best suited for the task.
Why the shift back to open-source models matters
Hamilton said he would return to Chinese open-source models after the access restriction. That change is significant for two reasons.
- Continuity: If defender access to frontier systems is inconsistent, researchers may need fallback approaches they can run without interruptions. Open-source models can be deployed and iterated on without waiting for new permissions.
- Coverage and speed: Teams scanning “hundreds” of repositories depend on automated support to review large volumes. If access to an advanced tool is removed midstream, the research cadence and scope can be affected unless an alternative system fills the gap quickly.
At the same time, Hamilton’s stance does not necessarily imply that open-source models are always inferior. Instead, his argument is that defensive research is being forced to operate within the boundaries of whatever AI is available—while attackers face fewer barriers to pursuing harmful goals. That framing raises a question for the community: how can security research leverage advanced AI while still operating under restrictions intended to prevent misuse?
For readers tracking crypto risk, this story is less about who “has” cutting-edge AI at any given moment and more about whether defender capability can be maintained over time. The next inflection point will be whether access policies are clarified, expanded, or made more predictable for security-focused use cases—especially as vulnerabilities continue to be discovered across wallets and other critical infrastructure.
Hamilton’s update leaves one key uncertainty: what specifically triggered the restriction and whether it was temporary or permanent. What readers should watch next is whether other security teams report similar access changes, and how quickly research workflows adapt without losing the ability to uncover vulnerabilities before they reach production.
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