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Sennheiser Momentum True Wireless 5 vs True Wireless 4: Should you upgrade?

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Hailed as being Sennheiser’s most “advanced true wireless earbuds yet”, what’s new with the Momentum True Wireless 5 compared to 2024’s True Wireless 4 pair?

Considering the Momentum True Wireless 4 has a five-star rating and spot on our coveted best noise-cancelling earbuds list, is it worth upgrading to the new pair? Or is last year’s option still perfectly sufficient for most users?

Ahead of our Momentum True Wireless 5 review, we’ve compared its specs to the Momentum True Wireless 4 and noted the key updates below.

Price and Availability

The Sennheiser Momentum True Wireless 5 buds will launch officially on September 3rd, and come in a choice between five colours: Graphite, Cream, Copper, Denim and Lavender. The buds will have a MSRP of £249.99/$299.95.

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Naturally as it’s over two years old, the Moment True Wireless 4 has a slightly cheaper RRP of £229.99. Having said that, we have seen the buds drop in price over the past year. The buds also come in a choice between four colours including Black Graphite, White Silver, Black Copper and Gold.

Sennheiser Momentum True Wireless 5’s ANC has been redesigned

We praised the Momentum True Wireless 4 buds’ ANC as excellent, with the amount of noise suppressed being genuinely impressive. So, how do the True Wireless 5 buds look set to compare?

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According to Sennheiser, the buds sport a revised adaptive hybrid active noise cancellation system and an automatic anti-wind mode too. The latter is especially noteworthy as, although the True Wireless 4 buds’ Anti-Wind mode does a good job of getting rid of blustery wind conditions, it comes at the expense of a stronger noise-cancelling performance. With this in mind, we hope the True Wireless 5 manages to bridge the gap between stopping wind coming through while maintaining solid noise-cancelling.

Sennheiser Momentum True Wireless 4 in charging caseSennheiser Momentum True Wireless 4 in charging case
Sennheiser Momentum True Wireless 4. Image Credit (Trusted Reviews)

In addition, the 5s sport a dedicated four-microphone array to both maximise noise cancelling while delivering the series’ “most natural-sounding” transparency mode. We were seriously impressed with the 4s’ transparency mode, as it sounded so clear that it didn’t feel like we were sporting earphones. As our AV Editor Kob Monney stated that he doesn’t “think you can achieve much better than that”, we’re keen to see how the 5s really fare.

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Finally, the buds also promise to provide pristine voice capture, thanks to a combination of microphones and two bone-conduction voice accelerometers with an AI speech extraction algorithm that promises to isolate your voice. That should be a welcome and much needed improvement from its predecessor, as we found the 4s didn’t quite nail voice pick-up.

Sennheiser Momentum True Wireless 5 campaignSennheiser Momentum True Wireless 5 campaign
Image Credit (Sennheiser)

Momentum True Wireless 5 sport a new design

The 5 buds now feature a new “aerodynamic silhouette” which was modeled using data from thousands of unique ear models, resulting in a so-called “barely there fit”. This, Sennheiser claims, has been rated more comfortable as the 4s by a whopping 73% of testers. 

That’s not to say the True Wireless 4 buds are uncomfortable by any means, as we concluded they slip in with no fuss and without any discomfort either. 

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Sennheiser Momentum True Wireless 5 lavenderSennheiser Momentum True Wireless 5 lavender

Even the charging case has had a revamp, with Sennheiser explaining it now has a more narrow aspect ratio and a low-friction finish. That should, in theory, make it easier to slip in and out of pockets.

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Otherwise, both buds are equipped with an IP54 rating which means they can withstand the odd splash of rain, water or sweat. 

Momentum True Wireless 5 focus on repairability

One of the key areas of the True Wireless 5 buds is with repairability and longevity. Much like the Momentum 5 headphones, the True Wireless 5 include a replaceable battery system in both the buds themselves and the charging case. If the thought of tinkering with your expensive electronics fills you with fear then worry not, as Sennheiser states this can be done using only a compact screwdriver.  

Momentum True Wireless 5 support Bluetooth 6

While the True Wireless 4 supports Bluetooth 5.4, and we never experienced any drop-outs or connection issues, the True Wireless 5 benefits from Bluetooth 6 instead. 

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Bluetooth 6 is the newer iteration of Bluetooth and includes more accurate distance tracking, lower latency and improved reliability among other improvements. In addition, the Momentum True Wireless 5 have native support for Google Fast Pair, Microsoft Swift Pair and multipoint switching.

Sennheiser Momentum True Wireless 4 earphones close upSennheiser Momentum True Wireless 4 earphones close up
Sennheiser Momentum True Wireless 4. Image Credit (Trusted Reviews)

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Momentum True Wireless 5 offer up to 40 hours of battery life

The True Wireless 4 promises up to 30 hours of battery and offers an hour’s worth of battery from a quick eight-minute charge. That’s pretty impressive, however Sennheiser have improved this with the True Wireless 5, with the buds promised to see up to 40 hours of life between charges.

We’ll have to wait until we review the buds to see whether they match Sennheiser’s claims.

Early Verdict

With a promise of improved ANC, longer battery life and a new and repairable design, the Sennheiser Momentum True Wireless 5 buds look set to be a promising upgrade over the Momentum True Wireless 4. Having said that, we should mention again that we thoroughly enjoyed our time with the True Wireless 4 pair and concluded the buds to be the “finest earbuds Sennheiser has created”. 

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With that in mind, we’ll have to wait and see how the Momentum True Wireless 5 really compares.

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OpenAI chases Anthropic’s biz customers with zero data retention pledge

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ai and ML

With Private Safety Processing, AI biz promises discreet, automated prompt surveillance

OpenAI appears to have found a way to balance AI model safety with commitments to retain no customer data, a feat rival Anthropic hasn’t yet managed. For orgs concerned about who has access to their data, this could be a game-changer.

The free-spending AI biz on Wednesday announced Private Safety Processing, a mechanism for automatically scanning customer model interactions for safety risks without violating Zero Data Retention (ZDR) commitments.

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Anthropic meanwhile has noted that its implementation of ZDR includes a non-zero amount of data retention for covered models – currently Mythos 5 and Fable 5. For commercial customers using  ZDR as of June 9, 2026, “we are requiring limited data retention and review as part of our safety work. Prompts submitted to, and outputs generated by, covered models are retained for 30 days to support our safety work, on every platform where these models are offered.”

OpenAI, Anthropic, and various other AI model makers agree some oversight of rapidly advancing model capabilities is a good idea. The devil is in the details, which in the case of Private Safety Processing have not yet been published.

Generally speaking, both companies have similar policies for commercial customers using lower tier models.

“For Anthropic API users, we automatically delete inputs and outputs on our backend within 30 days of receipt or generation,” Anthropic says, with exceptions for certain services, ZDR agreements, and legal/policy enforcement. 

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For OpenAI ChatGPT Business customers, “Your workspace admins can control how long your data is retained. Any deleted or unsaved conversations are removed from our systems within 30 days, unless longer retention is required by law, or is reasonably necessary to protect our services or any third party from harm.” That 30-day policy also applies to OpenAI’s API in most cases.

When Anthropic detects usage violations, it may retain model inputs and outputs for up to two years and trust and safety classification scores for up to seven years. 

The major distinction now is ZDR and how the two frontier AI companies define that concept. 

Anthropic has a ZDR exception for those using its top models.

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For OpenAI ZDR deployments, customers may control the infrastructure or they may choose to store data on OpenAI infrastructure, where OpenAI says it will soon provide customer-controlled encryption keys.

“In both cases, automated systems can identify potential misuse and return limited safety signals without exposing the underlying prompts or responses to OpenAI personnel,” the company explains in its post.

Anthropic allows more room for human review when content is flagged by its automated systems. “By default, no Anthropic personnel can read your retained conversations,” the company says in its documentation. “Human review can occur only through a controlled access path—for example, when content is flagged by our automated trust and safety systems for potential harm.”

OpenAI’s human intervention scenario is narrow – in the event child exploitation material is detected. 

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With the addition of Private Safety Processing – to be explained in more detail next month, OpenAI insists – whatever data gets stored is unavailable to company personnel.

“Private Safety Processing builds on the automated protections already used in ZDR and other deployments,” the AI biz explains. “Existing ZDR-compatible safety systems evaluate interactions individually. Private Safety Processing extends those protections across related interactions, allowing automated systems to identify patterns without OpenAI personnel having access to retained customer content.”

What’s noteworthy about this beyond the privacy commitment is the company’s expanded interest in “related interactions.” That suggests OpenAI’s safety assessment is looking not just at prompt input and output but tool use and network data signals.

Keeping AI interactions and data flows private has become a major concern. Apple has its Private Cloud Compute. Google has its Private AI Compute. Nvidia offers Confidential Computing. Even Meta, not exactly known for its commitment to privacy, talks up its Private Processing for AI. And much of the interest in running local AI models reflects a desire to keep sensitive data safe from potentially prying service providers and adversaries.

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OpenAI may have read the room well with its celebration of private model policing, but as Matthew Green, associate professor of computer science at Johns Hopkins University, observed recently, “private inference isn’t private enough.”

Green notes that AI agents – models connected to tools – often rely on sensitive data when they act on our behalf, and while private inference may protect some part of the data flowing to and from AI agents, there are many other gaps in the system.

“At the risk of saying more obvious things, the difference between a helpful private agent, a corporate advertising bot, and a government spy comes down mainly to a matter of prompting, and maybe a bit of model fine-tuning,” he wrote. “Once you combine private data access and the ability to send messages, there is essentially no technical protection that private inference alone can offer.” ®

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Sennheiser’s Momentum True Wireless 5 brings powerhouse sound to your pocket

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We’ve seen with some headphones releases that some efforts get leaked deliberately, others leak unfortunately, but in the case of Sennheiser, it likes to keep things under wrap.

Much like Gandalf, Sennheiser’s headphones arrive precisely when they mean to, and in this case it’s Momentum True Wireless 5 that’s arrived on the scene, a few months after its bigger over-ear sibling, the Momentum 5 Wireless.

And Sennheiser’s big selling point about its new flagship true wireless is that it’s providing the signature Momentum sound in your pocket, marking them out as its most advanced true wireless earphones yet.

Here’s what the new Momentum True Wireless 5 is bringing to the table.

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Dolby Atmos with Head tracking

Not exactly a new feature on the market, but Sennheiser has joined others in its support for Dolby’s spatial audio. This is not, however, Sennheiser’s own take on spatial audio in the vein of Bose’s Immersive Audio, it’s simply Dolby Atmos Music with the option of enabling head-tracking so audio stays attached to your and follows your movement

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They arrive in lots of lovely colours

Sennheiser Momentum True Wireless 5 colourwaysSennheiser Momentum True Wireless 5 colourways
Image Credit (Sennheiser)

I do have a moan about headphones arriving in just black and white at launch, but Sennheiser has glitzed up its latest true wireless with a selection of different colours.

There’s a choice of Cream, Graphite, Copper, Denim, and Lavender, all of which look quite swish and stylish.

But that’s not all on the design front. You may have noticed that the overall appearance has change, with the new Momentums taking on a more rounded, oval shape that Sennheiser has told me is there to aid noise isolating fit with a better seal and improved levels of comfort. The earbuds also protrude for the ear less (for those that don’t like bulky earbuds), and the ear-tip nozzle has been redesigned to reduce ear pressure in the ear canal.

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These change look to make the Momentum True Wireless 5 the most comfortable in the series, though as always, we’ll have to see if that measures up when we review the new pair.

Sennheiser Momentum True Wireless 5 copperSennheiser Momentum True Wireless 5 copper
Image Credit (Sennheiser)

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An all-new ANC system

A new version provides the chance to firm up a few areas that might have been lacking. It’s not as if the Momentum True Wireless 4‘s ANC was bad in any way, but perhaps it wasn’t quite at the level of Sony and Bose. That’s an area of performance Sennheiser would like to redress with these wireless earbuds.

Along with the redesigned ear-tip nozzle, there’s a dedicated four-microphone array “to maximise noise cancelling performance”, while deliver the series most “natural-sounding, real-time transparency mode to date”.

For calls, an area we did think could have been improved, Sennheiser has enlisted the help of all eight system sensors, combining the six mics mentioned above with two bone-conduction voice accelerometers with an AI speech extraction algorithm to isolate your voice in loud and busy areas.

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You can replace the batteries

Sennheiser Momentum True Wireless 5 lavenderSennheiser Momentum True Wireless 5 lavender
Image Credit (Sennheiser)

We often hear from audio brands that they’ve made the earbuds so small that they can’t allow for owners to replace the batteries themselves. They have to be sent back for service.

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Sennheiser scoffs at that idea.

You can replace the batteries in both the earbuds and the charging case, ensuring these headphones can last as long as you want them to. Battery life without ANC is 12 hours, and with noise cancellation on, you can expect it to be around half as much.

It’s competitively price

Similarly to the Momentum 5 Wireless, the Momentum True Wireless 5 aren’t looking to put too big a hole in your wallet. At £249.99 / €299.90 / $299.95 / $479.95, they cost less (in the UK at least) than the Bose QuietComfort Ultra Earbuds II and the JBL Tour Pro 3, and around the same as the Technics AZ100 and Sony WF-1000XM6 cost when they launched.

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In the US, they all had an RRP of around the same, but of course, the rest of the competition has been out for a while, so more than likely the Sennheiser will command a higher price while the others get reduced in the usual sales.

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Massive supply-chain attack sees terabytes of data belonging to some of the world’s biggest and most sensitive organizations leaked online

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  • More than 2,500 organizations, including Cisco, Samsung, AWS, Airbus U.S. Space & Defense, Thales, and the London Stock Exchange Group, have credentials harvested during a supply-chain attack on LiteLLM
  • LiteLLM was not directly hacked by the hacking group TeamPCP, which found their way in thanks to a compromised build of an open-source security scanner
  • Some of the credentials still work, nearly five months after the original breach, indicating that there is still a persistent security risk until they are changed

Security firms CloudSEK and Hudson Rock have claimed more than 2,500 organizations have had credentials harvested in a supply-chain attack on LiteLLM.

LiteLLM, an open source gateway which translates API calls for over 100 large language models into a single OpenAI-compatible format, was not directly compromised in the attack, as hackers targeted a known vulnerability in Aqua Security’s Trivy.

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I upgraded from the M1 to the M5 MacBook Air, and the speakers got worse

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I used the M1 MacBook Air as my primary laptop for nearly four years. During that time, I used it for everything from drafting news stories to editing photos for reviews, working from flights to weekend workcations. And if there was one thing that earned more compliments than the slim chassis and overall design, it was the speakers.

Whether I am watching an Apple keynote on YouTube, a stand-up comedy special in my room, a movie with a couple of friends on a workcation, or simply hearing the charging chime and notification sounds, the M1 MacBook Air always sounded remarkably clear and surprisingly loud. Be it the ghosts screaming in The Conjuring, the web-swinging sounds during an intense Spider-Man action sequence, or Chandler’s one-liners from Friends, it never really sounded like audio coming from a laptop.

That changed when my M1 MacBook Air suddenly refused to turn on in June 2026, forcing me to buy the 13-inch M5 MacBook Air with 16GB of RAM and 512GB of storage. Everything about the M5 MacBook Air feels like an upgrade, as it should, considering it’s five generations newer, except the speakers.

The four-speaker “upgrade” that sounds worse than two

On paper, the M5 MacBook Air should sound better. It replaces the M1’s two-speaker setup with a four-speaker system. In practice, though, it doesn’t sound as loud or as rich as the M1 MacBook Air. 

What you actually get instead is a thin, almost hollow midrange, a shrill emphasis on high frequencies, and minimal low-end presence, the kind of sound signature that makes dialogue clear but leaves music and movies feeling flat and lifeless. There’s no fullness to it, no weight behind a bassline or an explosion, just treble doing all the heavy lifting.

I noticed it almost immediately. During setup, I heard a couple of audio cues and instinctively tried to turn up the volume, only to realize it was already maxed out. A few days later, a friend who had always complimented the M1 MacBook Air’s speakers asked a simple question: “What’s wrong with the speakers?” I told her what I thought might be happening.

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What’s happening here?

The M1 MacBook Air had two upward-firing speakers, so the sound reached your ears directly. On the newer Air, Apple hides the speaker system inside the hinge, meaning the sound reflects off the display before reaching you. 

That likely contributes to the difference; bouncing sound off a fixed surface instead of firing it directly at you tends to scatter the low frequencies first, which would explain exactly why the bass disappears while the treble stays sharp, even shrill, in comparison.

Sitting across the table, she also felt the speakers didn’t project as well. To make sure it wasn’t just my ears playing tricks on me, I compared my M5 MacBook Air side by side with a friend’s M1 MacBook Air, and the difference was immediately obvious. The M5 sounded clear, but the M1 was noticeably louder and fuller, the kind that you’d want to use to play music in a room.

As it turns out, I wasn’t the only one hearing it. Digging through Reddit, I found several people who’d reached the same conclusion after comparing the two machines side by side. One user on r/macbook, who claims to own four MacBooks, writes that the “M1 actually sounds the loudest of them all.”

Others say the M5 MacBook Air’s speakers sound cleaner, while another user describes them as being “too much optimized for normal speech/dialogue clarity.” That lines up almost perfectly with my experience. Voices sound crisp, but there’s noticeably less low-end punch.

What’s missing is the loudness and richness that made the M1 MacBook Air’s speakers so impressive at full volume.

Can software actually fix this? 

Since the hardware itself isn’t changing, I spent some time seeing whether macOS could compensate for any of that missing warmth and fullness through software, and two built-in tools are worth knowing about, both tucked inside the Music app.

The Equalizer, found in the taskbar under Window > Equalizer, lets you manually boost or cut specific frequency bands, and it includes a Preamp slider at the top that governs overall output level before the individual bands even kick in. Nudging the Preamp up genuinely makes the M5’s speakers sound louder, and pairing that with a boost to the lower-frequency sliders helps mask some of that missing bass presence. 

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However, if you push the Preamp too far, especially combined with an already maxed system volume, you’ll start hearing audible distortion and clipping, a crackly, strained quality that’s arguably worse than just accepting the speakers’ limitations. 

The second tool, Sound Enhancer, lives under Music > Settings > Playback, and it works completely differently from the Equalizer. Rather than adjusting specific frequencies, it widens the perceived soundstage by subtly altering how bass and treble are processed together. Basically, it tricks your ears into hearing a broader, more spacious soundstage than two closely spaced hinge-mounted speakers can naturally produce. 

Turning it on made a noticeable difference for me; music felt less pinched and centered. It won’t add bass weight the way boosting the Equalizer’s low end does, but it meaningfully improves how “big” the sound feels. Between the two, I’d start with Sound Enhancer for everyday listening, then layer in a modest Preamp and bass boost through the Equalizer. 

Just don’t expect either one to fully replace what the M1’s upward-firing speakers did for free.

Is it actually a dealbreaker?

No. Most people probably won’t notice the difference, especially if they’re coming from an older Windows laptop or an entry-level notebook. But if you’re upgrading from an M1 MacBook Air, the difference is surprisingly easy to notice. And once you hear it, it’s hard to ignore.

This is more of a PSA feature. The M5 MacBook Air offers a generational performance upgrade, but while the screen experience is only marginally better, the speakers are a noticeable downgrade. If you’re going with the 15-inch M5 MacBook Air, however, that offers a better six-speaker system. And if upward-firing speakers are a must-have, you’ll need to step up to one of Apple’s MacBook Pro models.

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Who’s leading Ireland’s new chip advisory council?

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The new council will provide independent expert advice to the Government on developing the semiconductor sector.

Ireland is establishing a new advisory council to help align the country’s chip sector with its national strategy, as advancements in AI place unprecedented pressure on the semiconductor industry.

The new council is set up to provide independent expert advice to the Government on developing the sector, and help shape policies that strengthen the industry’s competitiveness on a global scale.

Among its various roles, the council will monitor the implementation of Silicon Island, Ireland’s national strategy aimed at attracting large investments for semiconductor development that is expected to create thousands of high-value jobs.

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At the time of the strategy’s launch, the Government believed Ireland could support up to 34,500 new semiconductor roles by 2040.

The newly established council will also advise the Department of Enterprise on developments affecting the semiconductor sector, support collaboration and co-ordination across Government, enterprise agencies, industry and research organisations, and advise on Ireland’s engagement with European semiconductor policy, including the European Chips Act.

The Advisory Council on the Semiconductor Sector – set up to run for three years – is chaired by Intel’s former senior vice-president Dr Ann Kelleher and also includes Mike Morrissey, a senior director at Analog Devices; Qualcomm senior executive Colin Ryan; and Equal1 CEO Jason Lynch, among others.

The advisors are expected to utilise their industry expertise to identify emerging opportunities, challenges and risks affecting the sector, and provide strategic recommendations to support the continued growth and competitiveness of Ireland’s semiconductor ecosystem.

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“The [semiconductor] sector is strategically important to Ireland’s economic future, and the council’s expertise will help guide the next phase of growth, innovation and international competitiveness,” said Minister for Enterprise, Tourism and Employment Peter Burke, TD.

“By bringing together leaders from industry, research and investment, we are creating a strong platform to support collaboration, inform policy and ensure Ireland is well positioned to seize emerging opportunities in this rapidly evolving sector.”

Here’s who will sit on the new advisory council:

Ann Kelleher

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Dr Kelleher is the former senior vice-president of technology development at Intel. During her 30-year career at the company, she has held senior engineering and leadership roles across its Irish and international operations, including taking charge of the company’s global technology development programmes and advanced semiconductor process technologies.

“Ireland has built world-class capabilities in semiconductors over many decades. I look forward to working with council members and stakeholders across industry, academia and Government to help deliver the ambitions of Silicon Island and further strengthen Ireland’s position within the global semiconductor ecosystem,” Kelleher said.

Mike Morrissey

Morrissey is the senior director of ADI Catalyst at Analog Devices, a collaboration hub for client companies looking to commercialise faster and optimise their revenue generation.

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Ruth Cotter

Cotter is a senior vice-president and the chief administrative officer at US chips giant AMD, leading the company’s integrated, enterprise-wide corporate operations.

She has led major acquisitions for the company – including that of Xilinx, the largest semiconductor transaction of its time – and continues to play a key role in company-wide transformation initiatives, according to AMD.

Colin Ryan

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Ryan is the executive vice-president and chief strategy and corporate development officer at Qualcomm. In this role, he explores strategies that drive business expansion, and manages mergers and acquisitions as well as the investments Qualcomm makes.

Conor Ryan

Ryan has spent more than 30 years at Applied Materials, across executive positions leading sites around the world. In his current role, he heads applied global services at the company as its group vice-president.

Seán Mitchell

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Mitchell is the chairperson and chief commercial officer at Ubotica Technologies, the Irish space-tech building an AI-powered platform used in maritime security. Its technology has been deployed in more than 30 Earth observation models so far and run “hundreds of thousands” of AI inferences in orbit, according to the company.

The company recently raised $11m in a funding round led by Act Venture Capital and Greencode Ventures, with participation from existing investor Atlantic Bridge.

Jason Lynch

Lynch is the CEO of Dublin-based quantum start-up Equal1, the maker behind Bell-1 – the first-ever Irish-made quantum computer and, according to the company, the world’s first silicon-based quantum server designed for data centres and high-performance computing.

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Prior to this, Lynch led strategy, venture creation and commercial execution for new growth opportunities at Analog Devices.

Elaine Coughlan

Coughlan is a founder and managing partner at Atlantic Bridge and has 30 years of experience in industry as a founder, executive and investor scaling technology companies. She was previously on the board of Enterprise Ireland and was appointed to British Patient Capital’s £800m Future Fund Breakthrough in 2022.

Leonard Hobbs

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Hobbs is the government liaison at MIDAS, the Irish industry association for microelectronics and electronic systems design. He has 25 years of experience at Intel, and previously served as director for research and innovation at Trinity College Dublin.

Denis Doyle

Dr Doyle is the chairperson of Tyndall National Institute and a board member at IDA Ireland. He was formerly a vice-president and general manager at Analog Devices.

Earlier this year, Tyndall launched a new five-year strategy aimed at helping develop Ireland’s semiconductor capabilities.

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Ronan Farrell

Farrell is currently the vice-president of academic and registrar functions and a professor in the department of electronic engineering at Maynooth University.

Don’t miss out on the knowledge you need to succeed. Sign up for the Daily Brief, Silicon Republic’s digest of need-to-know sci-tech news.

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Key to Data Center Modernization

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PA-RISC emulation matters for data center modernization because it allows enterprises to decouple mission-critical HP-UX and MPE/iX applications from end-of-life physical hardware, enabling immediate migration to modern x86 servers or cloud infrastructure with zero code changes and minimal operational risk.

Quick Take

Enterprises running legacy Hewlett-Packard hardware face an acute operational bottleneck: the physical chassis powering their core business systems is rapidly failing, yet the underlying software cannot be easily replaced or rewritten. Proprietary hardware lines like HP 3000 and HP 9000 reached end-of-life status years ago, leaving organizations exposed to sudden hardware failure, severe spare-parts scarcity, escalating power overhead, and retiring technical expertise.

Hardware emulation resolves this deadlock by creating a virtual software replica of the original PA-RISC CPU, memory, and I/O architecture on modern x86 servers or cloud virtual machines. This approach eliminates physical hardware risks overnight, slashes data center floor space and cooling demands, and modernizes disaster recovery options while preserving application stability.

The PA-RISC Dilemma in the Modern Data Center

Developed in the 1980s and widely deployed through the 2000s, Hewlett-Packard’s Precision Architecture RISC architecture was a cornerstone of enterprise computing. Powered by the proprietary PA-RISC processor family—including 32-bit and 64-bit CPU designs such as the PA-7000 and PA-8000 series—these systems were engineered for high-availability database management, manufacturing execution, financial clearing, and enterprise resource planning. These environments ran either HP-UX or MPE/iX, operating systems custom-tailored to the underlying silicon.

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However, HP officially phased out sales of PA-RISC systems in 2008 and ceased technical support around 2013 as the industry shifted toward Itanium and standard x86-64 server architectures. Today, organizations maintaining physical PA-RISC footprint in their data centers face several compound operational risks:

  • Component Scarcity and System Failure: Physical board-level components—including power supplies, bus backplanes, memory modules, and specialized SCSI host bus adapters (such as LSI 53C8xx controllers)—are no longer manufactured. Maintenance teams are forced to rely on secondary, refurbished markets with uncertain reliability.
  • Unplanned Downtime and Slow Recovery: Thermal degradation in aging silicon and mechanical drive failures increase the frequency of system outages. Without vendor patch support or hot-swappable replacement chassis, MTTR (Mean Time to Repair) stretches from hours into days.
  • Data Center Resource Drain: Legacy multi-cabinet rack units occupy extensive floor space and draw disproportionate amounts of power. In an era where modern facilities prioritize data center power efficiency, maintaining kilowatt-heavy legacy cabinets strains utility budgets and air-handling units.
  • Security and Compliance Gaps: Outdated hardware platforms cannot host modern encryption modules, automated compliance audit agents, or enterprise security monitoring tools required under PCI-DSS, HIPAA, or ISO 27001 standard frameworks.
  • Loss of Institutional Knowledge: System administrators and hardware technicians skilled in vintage enterprise Unix systems and MPE console debugging are retiring, leaving organizations without in-house emergency support.

A vertical split diagram contrasting sprawling legacy PA-RISC racks and high thermal demand ('BEFORE') with a single, consolidated modern x86 rack with reduced energy and cooling ('AFTER'), in a clean line-art style with navy blue text and mid-blue accents.

How PA-RISC Emulation Works Under the Hood

Hardware emulation bridges the gap between obsolete physical systems and modern infrastructure by changing the physical layer beneath the operating system rather than altering the software application. Implementing enterprise-grade PA-RISC emulation creates an instruction translation layer that presents a virtualized PA-RISC hardware platform directly to the guest operating system.

According to digital preservation research, virtualizing or emulating technical platforms allows organizations to preserve exact binary operational behavior while isolating applications from physical hardware decay. The emulation software layer handles instruction translation and hardware mapping through three primary subsystems:

  1. Dynamic CPU Instruction Translation: The emulator intercepts guest PA-RISC machine instructions (PA-1.1 or PA-2.0 execution calls) and dynamically translates them into equivalent x86-64 instruction sequences executed by modern Intel Xeon or AMD EPYC processors.
  2. Memory and Endianness Management: PA-RISC uses big-endian byte ordering, whereas modern x86 CPUs operate on little-endian architecture. The software emulation layer continuously translates memory references, registers, and memory management unit (MMU) address mappings transparently.
  3. Virtual I/O and Peripheral Mapping: Physical disk arrays, tape drives, network interface cards, and serial controllers are mapped to virtual abstractions. For example, legacy SCSI storage controllers are mapped to virtual disk files residing on fast NVMe SAN arrays or enterprise cloud storage.

Because the emulation layer presents an identical virtual hardware abstraction to the operating system, the installed copy of HP-UX 11i or MPE/iX 7.5 booted within the emulator cannot distinguish the software environment from a physical server. The original kernel binaries, custom application code, databases, and configuration files remain completely untouched.

pa-risc-emulation-system-architecture-flow

Core Benefits of PA-RISC Emulation for Modernization

When planning comprehensive data center modernization strategies, IT leadership must weigh speed, cost, and risk. Emulation provides a pragmatic middle path between maintaining fragile legacy hardware and executing high-risk application rewrites.

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1. Rapid Infrastructure Consolidation

Emulation allows multiple multi-U physical server towers or heavy cabinet units (such as HP 9000 N4000 series or HP 3000 systems) to be virtualized onto standard 1U/2U rack servers or virtual instances. This physical consolidation frees up valuable data center floor space and enables integration into existing VMware, KVM, or bare-metal Linux host environments.

2. Slashed Energy and Cooling Overheads

Moving workloads from vintage multi-socket PA-RISC servers to dense x86 host hardware drastically lowers power consumption per computing cycle. Heat output decreases in tandem, reducing the load on data center HVAC systems and aligning IT operations with corporate sustainability mandates.

3. Zero Application Rewriting or Retraining

Full software refactoring or re-platforming projects routinely run over budget and take months or years to execute. Emulation executes existing binary code in place. end-users interact with identical application interfaces, workflow commands, and batch processes, eliminating the need for workforce retraining or operational process redesign.

4. Integration with Enterprise Disaster Recovery

Physical legacy servers often lack modern backup capabilities, relying on aging physical tape drives or manual image dumps. Once hosted in an emulated environment, guest operating systems gain immediate access to modern infrastructure tools: live VM snapshots, automated SAN replication, rapid recovery points, and cloud backup vaults.

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5. Performance Upgrades via Modern Silicon

While dynamic instruction translation incurs software overhead, the sheer raw speed, higher cache capacity, and elevated clock rates of contemporary x86 CPUs mean emulated workloads often execute faster than they did on 20-year-old physical silicon.

6. Flexible Cloud Deployment Pathways

Modern emulation solutions are not limited to on-premises data centers. As documented in AWS Marketplace documentation for Charon-PAR, emulated PA-RISC platforms can run directly on cloud virtual instances (such as Amazon EC2 running enterprise Linux). This enables hybrid cloud integration without modifying core legacy software stacks.

Evaluating the Strategic Alternatives

Before committing to an implementation pathway, enterprise architects should contrast emulation against alternative legacy system migration strategies. A detailed comparison highlights the distinct trade-offs inherent in each approach:

Evaluation Criterion Status Quo (Maintain Physical PA-RISC) Application Refactoring / Porting Hardware Emulation (e.g., Stromasys)
Implementation Timeline N/A (Immediate ongoing risk) 12 to 36 months Days to a few weeks
Code & Database Changes None Extensive (Rewriting, schema changes) Zero changes required
Capital Expense (Upfront) Low short-term / High emergency cost Very High (Development & testing) Moderate (Licensing & host migration)
Operational Risk Profile Critical (Imminent hardware failure) High (Scope creep, behavioral bugs) Low (Identical software behavior)
Disaster Recovery Integration Legacy tape / Obsolete methods Modern cloud-native DR VM Snapshots, SAN & Cloud DR
Long-Term Strategic Value Unsustainable liability High (Modern codebase) High immediate stability & migration bridge

Technical Trade-offs, Limitations, and Failure Modes

While emulation resolves immediate hardware exposure, engineering teams must evaluate specific technical edge cases during project planning. According to a detailed legacy hardware emulation analysis, understanding host dependencies is vital for a smooth transition.

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  • Proprietary Physical Interfacing: If the original PA-RISC server relies on specialized physical expansion cards—such as proprietary serial interface boards or custom non-standard PCI cards—those hardware devices cannot be physically plugged into modern x86 servers. The solution requires converting those hardware channels into network-attached serial gateways or IP-based emulated protocols.
  • Host Sizing and CPU Core Oversubscription: Emulation relies on dedicated CPU resources for dynamic translation. Oversubscribing host CPU cores on hypervisors running heavy concurrent workloads can cause timing latency or degraded I/O throughput in the emulated guest OS. Dedicated CPU pinning or bare-metal host reservation is recommended.
  • Storage Queue and Latency Tuning: Mapping virtual SCSI disks to modern storage requires proper host OS queue depth configuration. If disk image files reside on poorly configured network storage, asynchronous write spikes in HP-UX databases can trigger temporary disk wait timeouts inside the guest kernel.
  • Vendor Licensing Constraints: While the application code remains unchanged, certain third-party software products running inside HP-UX bind their licenses to CPU serial numbers or specific hardware machine IDs. Engineers must audit application licensing mechanisms to ensure smooth re-licensing on virtualized hardware calls.

Understanding these virtualization and emulation techniques enables infrastructure teams to conduct pre-migration host sizing tests, mitigating latency issues before production cutover.

Key Takeaways

  • Hardware Independence: PA-RISC emulation decouples legacy HP-UX and MPE/iX applications from failing physical chassis, placing workloads on modern, reliable x86 host servers or cloud VMs.
  • Zero Code Disruption: Because instruction-set translation operates below the OS level, applications, database structures, user interfaces, and administrative commands require zero modifications.
  • Slashed Footprint and Operating Costs: Physical rack footprint, kilowatt energy consumption, and precision cooling requirements drop significantly, directly improving data center efficiency metrics.
  • Modernized Disaster Recovery: Virtualized PA-RISC instances integrate seamlessly with enterprise backup tools, live hypervisor snapshots, SAN replication, and automated disaster recovery strategies.
  • Strategic Migration Bridge: Emulation immediately neutralizes urgent hardware failure risks, granting enterprise architects time to execute long-term cloud infrastructure optimization on their own timeline.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does PA-RISC emulation require access to the application source code?

No. PA-RISC emulation operates directly on compiled binary code. The emulator translates low-level PA-RISC CPU instructions into x86-64 machine commands at runtime. Because the underlying HP-UX or MPE/iX operating system boots without modification, application source code and compilation tools are not required.

How does emulated performance compare to original physical PA-RISC hardware?

According to Stromasys technical documentation, emulated PA-RISC environments running on contemporary Intel Xeon or AMD EPYC processors generally match or exceed the performance of original physical systems. Modern x86 processors offer higher bus speeds, cache sizes, and memory bandwidth that offset the computational overhead of dynamic instruction translation.

Can emulated PA-RISC environments be deployed in public cloud environments?

Yes. Solutions like Charon-PAR can be deployed on x86-64 cloud instances within Amazon Web Services (AWS) or Microsoft Azure running standard Enterprise Linux host operating systems. This allows organizations to lift and shift legacy Unix workloads into public cloud infrastructure without rewriting software.

What operating systems are supported under PA-RISC emulation?

PA-RISC emulators typically support HP-UX (including versions 10.x and 11i) as well as MPE/iX (version 7.5). The emulator reproduces the CPU, memory management unit, buses, and standard SCSI/Ethernet controllers necessary for these operating systems to boot and function normally.

Is PA-RISC emulation a permanent solution or a temporary migration step?

It can serve as both. For many organizations, emulation acts as a permanent, long-term operational host platform because it permanently eliminates hardware failure risk while preserving proven business logic. For others, it serves as a risk-free interim bridge, stabilizing the infrastructure while cloud-native refactoring is planned and executed.

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Go updates may delight diehard gophers but displease AI overlords

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The keepers of the Go programming language on Wednesday released the latest version, v1.27, and with it come considerable advances in generics. In a nutshell, generics allow developers to write logic where data types are treated as variables, eliminating the need to rewrite (or copy and paste) a separate method for each different data type (int, string, floating point, etc.). It was “absolutely barbaric,” noted one YouTube tutorial creator. Go introduced generics for both functions and custom data types in version 1.18, released in 2022. The v1.27 release expands generics to support methods, which are basically just functions that are bound to a data type. These new generics will save a lot of typing, at least if the programmer has some chops. Golang’s standard random number generator, for example, can produce either a 32-bit integer (int32), 64-bit integer (int64) or whatever integer size the CPU expects (int). Prior to v1.27’s generics, the developer would have to write a method separately to support each numerical data type they wanted to use. Beyond generics, v1.27 allows developers to more easily work with structs, which are composites that collect different data types within a single object. Now, they can set values for nested or embedded fields directly without specifying all the intermediate steps to reach them. This will save time when working with deeply nested structs. This release also gets smarter in its ability to infer data types from functions without the developer explicitly typing them out. Previously, Go required explicit type arguments whenever a generic function was passed into a slice literal, channel send, or type conversion. Save a keystroke, break a brain Go continues to evolve into a programming language capable of tackling tasks as sophisticated as building the new TypeScript language server, but some wonder if it’s losing its approachable charm along the way. Generics and these other time-saving features will come as a relief to the busy Gopher who grows weary of how much identical code they’re typing. But these language shortcuts also make the code on the screen more abstract, which has its own mental overhead. When Google engineers Rob Pike, Robert Griesemer, and Ken Thompson created Go, first released in 2009, they prioritized readability over writability. The designers “recognized that developers spend far more time reading existing code than they do typing it out,” wrote Google Group Product Manager Cameron Balahan and Google Cloud Chief Evangelist Richard Seroter in a blog post earlier this month. Generics and other keystroke-saving measures will create more indirection that can confuse someone trying to understand what the code is doing, others have argued. Generics will “make every code base entirely different,” complained the popular YouTube tech commentator (and former Netflix engineer) known as ThePrimeagen (Michael Paulson). “You’re going to jump into code bases and have no idea how they work. You’re gonna have to go through layers of abstraction and whole new ways in which to express things, which is just gonna be like every other language, just without all the conveniences.” Go’s value is in its simplicity. Adopting higher-level constructs makes it more of a C++ or Rust imitator, he said. “Generics aren’t needed in most of practical Go code,” observed VictoriaMetrics founder Aliaksandr Valialkin in a 2024 Medium post. The downside of these new features is that they make it “harder to understand what’s going on by just reading the code.” Think of the agents And for AI agents, Golang’s easy readability is more than just a personal preference; it’s critical to staying on target. “When code generation is offloaded to AI, the primary bottleneck of software engineering shifts entirely from the speed of writing to the rigor of reviewing, verifying, and maintaining,” the Google execs wrote. The more complicated the language, the more work it’ll take agents to understand. Syntactic magic like generics helps seasoned programmers save coding time, but does it bring any value when agents write all the code? Would learning generics contribute to an agent’s cognitive overhead (possibly leading to context rot) when writing a random number generator method for each data type takes a second or two, and is easier to debug? It’s a question that the maintainers of Go, like those of every other language, will be facing.®

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Hisense TopLift dehumidifier review: A Matter summer savior

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Hisense has launched the first dehumidifier to support Matter, making it a perfect summer combo with Apple Home for easy control, Siri support, and automations.

We got the first look at the Hisense Matter dehumidifier at CES 2026, and a few months later, it’s shipping to users.

With a fair price tag and Apple Home support, it’s poised to be a great solution for those swampy summer months. I’ve been testing it out for the last several weeks, and it’s done wonders to make my home more comfortable.

Hisense TopLift dehumidifier review: TopLift design

Essential home appliances like humidifiers and dehumidifiers seem like one of those categories that struggle to look good. No matter how good they are, I think they all look utilitarian.

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Close-up of a modern white appliance, possibly a washing machine or dehumidifier, showing a side handle and top control panel with buttons, near a softly lit window background

Hisense TopLift dehumidifier review: Recessed pocket handles on either side to make lifting and moving a breeze

Hisense didn’t make an ugly dehumidifier by any means, but I wouldn’t say that it looks good either. It’s a compact rectangular box that is a bit more clean-looking than the bulk on the market.

Small black caster wheel under a white piece of furniture resting on light gray wood flooring, viewed close up near the floor level

Hisense TopLift dehumidifier review: Optional casters to move it around

There are a lot of nice functional touches built into that design. For example, hidden pocket handle grips are tucked into each of the device’s narrow ends, and optional casters on the underside allow it to move around easily.

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Hand holding a rectangular plastic air filter grate removed from a white household appliance, likely an air purifier or dehumidifier, over a dark wood floor

Hisense TopLift dehumidifier review: Washable air filter

A large air intake is on one side, which draws the air through a filter. This filter can be removed and cleaned and doesn’t need to be replaced, which I appreciate to reduce long-term running costs.

Inarguably, the best part about the physical design is the top-lift water reservoir. It’s a 50L/18 pint container to hold the water it extracts from your environment.

Transparent plastic water tank with visible liquid level markings sits on top of a white appliance, in front of a bright window with soft natural light

Hisense TopLift dehumidifier review: Water reservoir

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You don’t see this often with dehumidifiers because it can be more expensive. Normally, the buckets are on the bottom and have to slide out, which undeniably results in spills.

I have two others in the home that are emptied this way, and every time I try to pull the containers out, the water jostles and splashes out. It’s basically unavoidable.

Hand gripping a rectangular handle on top of a white household appliance, possibly a washing machine or dryer, preparing to open the lid

Hisense TopLift dehumidifier review: Retracting handle to remove water bucket

The Hisense model has a hidden handle on the top, and as you lift, the handle extends. You lift it, without bending over, and take it anywhere you’d like to empty it — a sink, outdoors, or your plants.

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Close-up of a white appliance control panel showing a digital display reading 54 and an open compartment revealing internal plastic components and wiring

Hisense TopLift dehumidifier review: Hidden connector for water pump output hose

The reason you don’t usually have water reservoirs on top is that it requires a pump to push the water up, versus pulling it from the air and letting it drain naturally to the bottom. A bonus to requiring this water pump is that you can also connect the included hose and run it directly to a raised sink or bucket nearby.

Top view of a compact white kitchen appliance with a central gray handle, digital display reading 62, and several touch buttons, placed on a dark wooden countertop

Hisense TopLift dehumidifier review: Top-down view of the dehumidifier

Otherwise, it looks like a humidifier or dehumidifier. All white, simple controls on top, target humidity indicator, and plenty of air vents around the body.

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Hisense TopLift dehumidifier review: Save spaces & live comfortably

Regardless of the design, the device has to work well, and in my testing, especially over the last few weeks, this does. It has pulled an incredible amount of water out of the exceptionally humid air.

Close-up of a white electronic appliance control panel with digital display reading 89, several buttons including timer controls, a glowing red indicator light, and smooth rounded edges

Hisense TopLift dehumidifier review: Humidity target level display and water full indicator

In the early parts of summer in Ohio, the air is heavy. We have a lot of rain this time of year, and it makes you feel sticky.

Even with AC, the humidity still makes you feel overly hot. Not to mention, high humidity can promote mold growth and other issues in different parts of your home.

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White Hisense appliance standing in front of a bright window with a white blind partially lowered, framed by simple white trim in a clean, modern room

Hisense TopLift dehumidifier review: Hisense logo on the front of the dehumidifier

That’s why we’ve been running dehumidifiers in our home the last several years to make it more comfortable as the summers have gotten more brutal, and they have. This one has been the best we’ve used, between the more comfortable bucket design, performance, and connectivity.

When it is running at full speed, the water reservoir can manage to fill up the container in just about 3/4 of a day. That does mean you will be emptying this at least every day if you’re in a very humid area.

Water pouring from a white container or gutter onto green leafy plants in a sunlit garden, with soil and small purple flowers visible in the background

Hisense TopLift dehumidifier review: Emptying water into the garden

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Hisense says it is rated for rooms of up to 4,500 square feet, so medium to large rooms. We keep it in the combined living room-dining room-kitchen area, and it’s sufficient to get the job done.

I will say it’s also very simple to drain. When we go to water our plants with the water (I know there is debate if this is good or not, but we do it and our plants seem happy), it pours out of the spout on the side with good control and only dumps where we aim it.

Hisense TopLift dehumidifier review: Matter opens doors

For the Hisense TopLift functionality alone, I’d recommend this dehumidifier right now. There’s nothing to dislike about it.

Hand holding a smartphone showing a Home Clean Control slider, positioned near a large white appliance on the floor, suggesting remote control of a home device via mobile app

Hisense TopLift dehumidifier review: Apple Home control via Matter

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What makes it even better, though, and I think will sell it for a lot of smart home users, is Matter support. It supports Matter-over-Wi-Fi and has a very quick setup process.

Like any Apple Home accessory, I scan the pairing code on the side of the unit, and it is added to the Apple Home app. It automatically adds the Wi-Fi credentials, gives it a name, and assigns it a room in your home.

Hand holding a smartphone displaying a home climate control app screen with temperature settings and toggles, in front of a blurred white household device on a wooden floor

Hisense TopLift dehumidifier review: Settings in Apple Home with suggested automations

Matter makes it compatible not just with Apple Home, but Google Home, Amazon Alexa, Samsung SmartThings, and more. You can even use multiple of these platforms at the same time.

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That means you could control it through your Alexa speakers, while also using the Apple Home app and Siri. I had no issues with the multi-admin support in my testing using Samsung SmartThings side-by-side with Apple Home.

All that said, the full implementation is a bit bare-bones. It shows as a dehumidifier in the Home app, with control for the fan and its speed.

There are no indicators or alerts for the water level being full or real-time room humidity. Just on and off, as well as fan speed in 10% intervals that can be adjusted.

That’s not all bad, though. For example, if you already have a humidity sensor in your room or home, there’s no need for an extra one to be jammed in here.

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Plus, if you have one already in the home, you can use it all year long and not just the times of year you are relying on a dehumidifier. You may have one built into your thermostat, a dedicated environmental sensor, or even Apple’s HomePod and HomePod mini.

Hand holding a smartphone showing a laundry or washing machine control app, with options and status on the screen, in front of a blurred white front-loading washing machine

Hisense TopLift dehumidifier review: Creating an automation in Apple Home

You could use these combined with your occupancy and time of day for various automations. For example, you could lower the fan speed as part of your “goodnight” scene so it’s quieter as you sleep, turn it off when you leave the house and resume when you come back home, or turn on and off based on a room’s humidity level.

I set up several of those automations and have had no issues. Once set up, it’s been online, responsive, and always reacts with my preset scenes or automations.

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Hisense TopLift dehumidifier review: Great start for

The last dehumidifier I bought lacked any smart controls and cost around $300. This new Hisense model retails for $200, has a built-in water pump, and supports Matter.

Hand holding a small rectangular box with a white lid and handle, carried outdoors above green grass, suggesting portable equipment or container being moved across a lawn

Hisense TopLift dehumidifier review: Top-lift bucket is easy to move and empty

It is exactly what I’ve been looking for. I’d like to have a water level alert within Apple Home instead of just a light on top, and the water reservoir could be slightly larger, but it is otherwise exceptional.

Hisense did excellent work with this, and I hope to see more dehumidifiers launch with Matter. So far there was maybe one or two Apple Home certified models, but the market has otherwise been bare.

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White portable dehumidifier on wheels sitting on a wood floor near a wall, plugged into an electrical outlet beside a floor vent and baseboard trim.

Hisense TopLift dehumidifier review: Clean, compact design

If you live anywhere with high humidity and want good smart home control, this is the model you should check out.

Hisense TopLift dehumidifier review: Pros

  • Compact design
  • Easy placement with TopLift water collector, handles, & casters
  • Multiple water output locations
  • Reliable Matter-over-Wi-Fi support
  • Can be automated using existing accessories
  • Runs quiet at night
  • Washable filter

Hisense TopLift dehumidifier review: Cons

  • No water indicator exposed via Matter
  • Water reservoir could be slightly larger

Rating: 4.5 out of 5

Where to buy the Hisense TopLift dehumidifier

If you’re interested in the Matter-enabled Hisense dehumidifier, it is currently launching at Costco, where members can buy it for $199.

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Seattle keeps No. 2 spot in closely watched tech talent ranking, with warning signs

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Seattle remains a beacon for tech talent, ranking No. 2 in CBRE’s annual report. (GeekWire File Photo / Kevin Lisota)

The Seattle region outranked New York, Austin, Boston and other tech hubs, trailing only the Bay Area, in an annual tech talent scorecard from commercial real estate firm CBRE that weighs factors such as tech worker concentration, wages, education levels and real estate costs.

You may have seen headlines this week that New York overtook the Bay Area for the first time in the CBRE rankings. That was based on a subset of the data: a straight head count in each market. New York’s 394,300 tech workers topped the Bay Area’s 375,730. Seattle ranks seventh on that specific list, with 213,010 tech workers across the region.

But in the broader scorecard, Seattle held onto the No. 2 spot (which it also occupied last year), thanks to the density of its tech workforce, one of the largest concentrations of AI talent in North America, and the second-highest tech wages on the continent.

The market-by-market workforce figures in the report run through 2025, so this year’s layoffs aren’t reflected in the rankings. CBRE does flag the trend nationally: the tech industry accounted for a record 31% of all U.S. job cuts through June, up from 13% for all of last year.

Some of the Seattle region’s specific strengths:

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The AI workforce is deep. Seattle is home to 41,591 workers with AI skills, third most in North America, behind the Bay Area and New York. One in five of the region’s tech workers now has AI skills — a higher share than anywhere except the Bay Area.

Tech is a bigger part of the economy here. Tech jobs make up 10.2% of all employment in the metro area, among the top five markets and nearly double the 5.5% average across the 50 markets studied in the CBRE report.

Wages are in a tier of their own. Seattle’s average wage for tech workers at tech companies was $190,050 in 2024, second to the Bay Area’s $211,048, and nearly $50,000 above third-place Boston.

The workforce grew while the Bay Area’s shrank. Seattle added 24,590 tech jobs from 2022 to 2025, a 13.1% increase and the fifth-largest gain of any market. The Bay Area lost 23,900 jobs over the same time period.

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However, the report also points to warning signs:

Many offices are sitting empty. The Seattle metro area’s office vacancy rate hit 28.6% in the fourth quarter of 2025 — the highest of the 50 markets in the report. That’s despite 1.9 million square feet leased by AI companies across the region since 2023, according to CBRE.

Costs are near the top. Seattle is the third-most-expensive place to run a 500-person tech company, at $73.9 million a year in wages and office rent, behind the Bay Area at $90.6 million and slightly behind New York, which edged Seattle by about $24,000.

Seattle and the San Francisco Bay Area are the only two markets CBRE rates “exceptional” for software engineering talent. They’re also the two most expensive. (CBRE Graphic, Click to Enlarge, and see full report here.)

Young workers are going elsewhere. Seattle’s 20-something population fell between 2019 and 2024, even as its share of 30-somethings grew to the highest of any market in the report. The region is drawing mid-career but not entry-level talent, which risks creating a thinner pipeline over time.

One counterweight to the pipeline concern: the University of Washington ranks fifth among U.S. universities for its AI program, according to CBRE’s analysis of U.S. News & World Report rankings — the only school outside the Bay Area, Boston and Pittsburgh in the top five.

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Access the full CBRE Scoring Tech Talent 2026 report here.

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Samsung Printer Is The Next Frontier Of Minecraft Servers

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While DOOM remains the undisputed champion of ‘game you play on every piece of hardware’ it seems that the role of ‘game you play on everything just because you can’ is slowly being shifted to Minecraft, as we have yet another Minecraft server somewhere Minecraft has no business being served– in this case, a Samsung Printer.

The hack actually requires opening up the printer to get at the debug ports to bang your way in via serial, but as any security expert will tell you, once the black hats have physical access to a machine, they own it. That isn’t to say it’s easy– [vimpo] had to dump the firmware and find an exploit. Since it’s 2026 [vimpo] tried to get an LLM to do all that hard work for him, and while it helped with identifying functions in the dump, ultimately the hacking still fell upon [vimpo]’s human intelligence, though not before burning through millions of tokens.  Having found a good old fashioned UDP overflow exploit, he’s gets control of the printer and puts an improved version of his lightweight Minecraft server, UCraft, on it.  Like the server, the exploit is also on GitHub but you’ll very likely need the exact same printer to get it to work: a Samsung C410W with firmware V3.00.02.20, DEC-15-2015. One important caveat is that while you can still use the printer as intended after this hack, you cannot do so while playing Minecraft: it crashes the server if you try. Good to know.

In case you’re wondering, yes, this is the same guy who got a Minecraft server running on a light-bulb, which arguably more impressive. Where he might mine and/or craft next is anybody’s guess. Somebody else already did the ESP32-C3, and while we suspect nothing will ever beat the 1960s Univac implementation for sheer impracticality, we’re willing to be surprised.

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