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Binance Reveals Truth Behind October 10 Crypto Flash Crash: Macro Forces and Technical Glitches

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TLDR:

  • Macro shock triggered $1.5 trillion equity losses and $100B+ Bitcoin derivatives liquidations globally. 
  • Market makers withdrew liquidity automatically during volatility, leaving most exchanges with zero bids. 
  • Ethereum gas fees spiked to 100 gwei, delaying arbitrage and widening spreads across trading venues. 
  • Binance compensated affected users $328M and launched $300M Together Initiative for broader support.

 

Binance has released a comprehensive report addressing the October 10, 2025 cryptocurrency market flash crash, separating platform-specific incidents from broader market dynamics.

The exchange acknowledged two technical issues while emphasizing that macroeconomic factors, market maker risk protocols, and network congestion primarily drove the downturn.

Binance confirmed full compensation totaling over $328 million for affected users and launched a $300 million goodwill initiative to support the broader crypto community impacted by market volatility.

Market-Wide Pressures Preceded Platform Strain

The October 10 crash emerged from a confluence of macro pressures that rattled global financial markets. Trade war headlines triggered sharp declines across virtually every asset class, with U.S. equity markets losing approximately $1.5 trillion in value.

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The S&P 500 and Nasdaq recorded their steepest single-day drops in six months, accompanied by $150 billion in systemic liquidations.

Cryptocurrency markets faced particular vulnerability due to elevated leverage positions accumulated during months of rallies. Bitcoin futures and options open interest exceeded $100 billion across the derivatives market.

On-chain data revealed most Bitcoin holders were holding profits, creating conditions for rapid profit-taking once volatility struck.

Market makers responded to extreme price movements by activating algorithmic risk controls and circuit breakers. These automated systems reduced exposure and managed inventory, temporarily withdrawing liquidity from order books.

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According to Kaiko data, Bitcoin liquidity approached zero on most exchanges except Binance, Crypto.com, and Kraken within a 4% price spread.

Ethereum network congestion compounded liquidity problems during the crash. Gas fees spiked from single digits to over 100 gwei, while delayed block confirmations slowed arbitrage and cross-platform flows.

This congestion widened spreads and hindered position rebalancing, amplifying price swings as market participants struggled to deploy liquidity across venues.

Platform Issues Identified and Remediated

Binance identified two distinct technical incidents that occurred during the market turmoil. The exchange emphasized that these platform-specific problems did not cause the flash crash itself.

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Approximately 75% of daily liquidations had already occurred before the widely reported token depegs at 21:36 UTC.

The first incident involved asset transfer subsystem degradation between 21:18 and 21:51 UTC. A performance regression on database read operations surfaced under surge traffic volumes 5-10 times normal levels.

Some users experienced zero balance displays due to failed backend calls, though no actual funds were lost.

The second incident concerned index deviations for USDe, WBETH, and BNSOL tokens between 21:36 and 22:15 UTC.

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Index calculations carried excessive weight from Binance’s own order books without sufficient anchoring to underlying reference values. Thin liquidity and slowed cross-venue flows exacerbated these temporary price dislocations.

Binance has implemented comprehensive remediation measures including enhanced caching, expanded database capacity, and tightened index parameters.

The exchange also launched the Together Initiative on October 14, providing a $300 million discretionary goodwill program for users affected by market conditions but not directly impacted by platform issues.

An additional $100 million low-interest loan fund supports institutional participants experiencing operational strain from market volatility.

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Pudgy Penguins, Known For NFT Toys, Dives Deeper Into Soccer

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Pudgy Penguins, a globally recognized non-fungible token brand known for creating NFT-inspired toys, has expanded into soccer through significant NFT partnerships with two leading football clubs. Pudgy Penguins NFT team, which partnered with Spain’s soccer club CD Castellón last year, has now partnered with England’s Premier League soccer club Manchester City. In this article, we shall explore this expansion journey further.

Pudgy Penguins’ Journey From Toys To Soccer

Over the weekend, the Pudgy Penguins team, via its official X account, confirmed that it has dived deeper into the world of soccer. Launched in July 2021, the Pudgy Penguins is a digital asset incubation studio known for creating Pudgy Penguins, a globally recognized non-fungible token collection featuring a fixed set of 8,888 unique digital penguin characters on the Ethereum blockchain network.

Pudgy Penguins is also the brainchild behind Lil Pudgy, a non-fungible token series that features a fixed supply of 22,222 smaller NFTs hosted on the Ethereum blockchain network, Pudgy Rod, a companion collection of fishing rod NFTs that were airdropped to original holders in 2021 and are now used as multipliers in the ecosystem and soulbound tokens, a non-transferable tokens such as ‘Opensea x Penguins SBTs’ launched to recognize community engagement, loyalty, and licensing participation.

Pudgy Penguins entered the physical retail space in May 2023 with the release of its first line of toys. Initially launched online through Amazon, the collection sold over 20,000 units in its first 48 hours and generated more than $500,000 USD in sales. This was clear evidence of a strong demand beyond the NFT community. Later that year, the toys were stocked in more than 2,000 Walmart stores across the U.S., and within 12 months of launching, over 1 million plushies had been sold worldwide. These plushies are now available in the United States, Europe, Asia, and Hong Kong.

Pudgy Penguins Dives Deeper Into Soccer

Pudgy Penguins NFT team partnered with the Spanish soccer club CD Castellón in January 2025 to feature their characters on the team’s official jerseys and shorts. As part of the collaboration, an open edition NFT was released, and some holders of that NFT were eligible to be featured in some way related to the partnership. Pudgy Penguins and Lil Pudgys characters appeared directly on CD Castellón’s jerseys.

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In the latest news, the Pudgy Penguins NFT team has announced a “landmark partnership” with English Premier League champions Manchester City to launch a premium co-branded NFT line targeted at an adult audience. This move is considered one of the highest-profile crossovers between a web3-native brand and a global sports giant, aimed at bringing the Pudgy Penguins intellectual property to a massive, mainstream audience. The merchandise drop was scheduled for January 17, 2026.

These ventures are part of the Pudgy Penguins’ broader strategy to evolve beyond their digital origins and toy lines into a mainstream, global intellectual property (IP) through real-world utility and high-profile brand building, bridging the gap between digital assets and traditional markets. This integration will provide tangible ways for NFT holders to feel part of the brand’s journey, reinforcing holder identity and community.

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XRP Risks Another 23% Drop as Price Slides Below $1.60

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XRP Risks Another 23% Drop as Price Slides Below $1.60

XRP (XRP) price dropped below $1.50 over the weekend, its lowest level in over 14 months. Now, a bearish technical setup on the charts suggests that the downtrend may extend throughout February.

Key takeaways:

  • XRP’s bear pennant on the four-hour chart targets $1.22.

  • XRP futures open interest dropped to $2.61 billion, which gives some hope for the bulls.

XRP/USD daily chart. Source: Cointelegraph/TradingView

XRP price chart shows a textbook bear pennant

On Saturday, XRP price fell about 14% from a high of $1.75 to a low of $1.50, losing the $1.60 support level for the first time since November 2024. 

The latest drop has put it into the breakdown phase of its bear pennant setup, as shown on the four-hour chart below.

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Related: Price predictions 1/30: BTC, ETH, BNB, XRP, SOL, DOGE, ADA, BCH, HYPE, XMR

XRP dropped below the pennant’s lower trendline on Tuesday, then rebounded to retest it as support. The price is likely to drop lower if the retest fails and a four-hour candlestick closes below this level at $1.58.

The measured target of the bear pennant, calculated by adding the height of the initial drop to the breakout point, is $1.22, representing a 23% drop from the current price.

XRP/USD four-hour chart. Source: Cointelegraph/TradingView

XRP’s recovery to $2.40 in January turned out to be a “fakeout” as the price continued to form “price formed a fresh lower lows,” pseudonymous analyst AltCryptoGems said in a recent post on X, adding:

“The downtrend remains intact and we are on the verge of a disastrous collapse in a huge no-support zone.”

XRP/USD daily chart. Source: AltCryptoGems

Trader and investor Alex Clay said that after breaching the support line of a double bottom pattern at $1.60, the path is now cleared for a drop toward $1 or lower.

Cryptocurrencies, XRP, Markets, Price Analysis, Market Analysis, Altcoin Watch
Source: X/Alex Clay

As Cointelegraph reported, XRP’s next major support level is near its aggregated realized price at $1.48. If this level is lost, it would put the average holder underwater, a setup that closely matches the 2022 bear phase that ultimately ended in a 50% drawdown toward $0.30.

XRP buyers step back

The 90-day Spot Taker Cumulative Volume Delta (CVD), a metric that tracks whether market orders are driven by buyers or sellers, reveals that buy-orders (taker buy) have been declining sharply since early January.

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While demand-side pressure has dominated the order book since November 2025, buy orders have dropped sharply over the last 30 days, according to CryptoQuant.

This indicates waning enthusiasm or exhaustion among XRP investors, signaling reduced bullish momentum and increasing downside risk for the price. 

Previous sharp drops in spot CVD have been accompanied by 28%-50% price drawdowns within weeks.

XRP spot taker CVD. Source: CryptoQuant

However, in the current downtrend, one hope for the bulls is the declining XRP futures open interest (OI). It has dropped sharply to $2.61 billion on Wednesday, from $4.55 billion on Jan. 6. 

When OI declines in combination with falling prices, it indicates a weakening bearish trend or a potential trend reversal.

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This could provide some fuel for the bulls to test the important overhead resistance at around $1.85, a level that served as support throughout most of 2025.

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XRP Open Interest. Source: CoinGlass