For some, abstaining from alcohol can subsequently increase compulsive drinking. Our research team found that, in abstaining mice, this urge to drink is preceded by changes in the activity of a particular brain region, pointing to potential new screening opportunities to identify and help those most vulnerable to relapse.
Although alcohol abstinence is associated with improved health outcomes, addiction researchers have theorized that brain changes that occur during abstinence may increase a person’s risk of relapse.
To explore this theory, we studied how mice behaved after giving them long-term voluntary access to alcohol followed by a forced abstinence period. We found that a subset of the mice developed aversion-resistant alcohol intake – that is, they now drank alcohol despite the quinine we added to make it increasingly bitter. Moreover, compared to those who did not experience forced abstinence, these mice drank even larger quantities of the very bitter alcohol. These results suggest there are potential bodily challenges associated with abstinence that contribute to relapses in alcohol use disorder.
Next, we monitored the activity of a particular collection of cells in a portion of the brain known as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, or BNST. Researchers have previously found this small structure to be heavily implicated in alcohol use disorder symptoms such as anxiety and depression.
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The BNST is located deep in the center of the brain (Rob Hurt/Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA)
We found that allowing abstinent mice to reenter the setting where alcohol was previously available would lead them to attempt to drink even though the spout contained only water. These attempts were associated with activity in the BNST. Abstinent mice who had developed the taste for very bitter alcohol had more than double the activity in this brain area compared to mice that did not experience forced abstinence.
Importantly, we saw activity in the BNST even before we gave abstinent mice access to the bitter alcohol. This finding suggests it might be possible to identify people who are at risk of relapsing by screening for BNST activity when someone is given access to alcohol.
Why it matters
Alcohol misuse is one of the top public health challenges in the United States. Although this condition is linked to a wide variety of negative health effects, the public chronically underestimates its seriousness.
Deaths associated with alcohol use in 2024 were 4.5 times higher than deaths attributed to opioids. While harm reduction – a major component of opioid use disorder treatment – is being explored in alcohol use disorder, abstinence remains a mainstay of most approaches to this addiction.
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Danny G. Winder is a Professor and Chair of Neurobiology, UMass Chan Medical School.
Marie Doyle is an Instructor in Neurobiology at UMass Chan Medical School.
This article was first published by The Conversation and is republished under a Creative Commons licence. Read the original article.
Over 80% of Americans age 12 and older consume alcohol at some point in their lives, and around 10% go on to experience alcohol use disorder. This 10% amounts to almost 30 million people in need of treatment.
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Unfortunately, clinicians are ill-equipped to predict who will need help. Although there are treatments approved by the Food and Drug Administration for alcohol use disorder, the number of people diagnosed with this condition remains very high. In fact, those numbers have effectively doubled in the U.S. since 1999.
Developing better strategies for identifying those at risk of developing alcohol use disorder and helping them navigate treatment strategies may improve treatment.
What still isn’t known
It’s not clear the exact role that the BNST area of the brain plays in behavior related to alcohol use disorder. It’s also not clear what drives the increase in activity, or which specific populations of brain cells within the BNST encode this activity. Obtaining these answers could lead to new treatment targets.
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What’s next
New tools in neuroscience have allowed researchers to manipulate the activity of specific neurons in mice brains. Using these strategies, our team is working on understanding the role BNST plays in drinking alcohol despite the harmful consequences.
Our colleague Jennifer Blackford is also investigating BNST activity in the brains of people with alcohol use disorder who are in early abstinence. If her team observes similar findings in people, a next step would be to further test using the BNST as a screening method in clinical trials.
The Research Brief is a short take about interesting academic work.
Silent Jay, a beloved star from Channel 4’s Gogglebox, has undergone a major transformation since leaving the show over a decade ago
Gogglebox’s ‘Silent Jay’ was a firm favourite before his departure over 10 years ago – but where is he now? The TV star joined the Channel 4 show in 2013 with the Woerdenweber family: Viv, her German husband Ralf, daughter Eve, and Eve’s boyfriend Jay.
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They were one of the original families on the programme and became a hit with fans thanks to their hilarious insights into the week’s television.
As for Jay, he was given the nickname ‘Silent Jay’ due to him hardly ever saying a word while being featured on screen. Talking in 2014 about Jay, Viv said: “He’s not a very vocal person anyway, he tends to watch the TV in his own little world.
“I think he was a bit camera shy on the first couple of episodes and didn’t say anything, then people caught on, so now I think he thinks he might as well stick with it. He’s become a legend in his own lunchtime!”
In 2015, though, Eve and Jay split, leading to Jay’s departure from Gogglebox. As for the rest of his former co-stars, the Woerdenweber clan remained on screen until 2020.
Nowadays, Jay looks totally different and even lives miles away from the Wirral as he resides abroad. He is now based in Rotterdam and has also adopted a completely new appearance.
Jay opted to shed the longer hairstyle he sported during his time on the programme in favour of a much shorter style. His Instagram profile, which remains private, states in the bio: “33 [peace sign emoji]. From Liverpool, living in Rotterdam.”
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His X bio similarly states: “33 [peace sign emoji] [location emoji] Rotterdam [Netherlands flag]. Make every second devine [music notes emoji]. #Gogglebox series 2-5.”
The main reason the Woerdenweber family left the show was the impact of COVID, as they couldn’t be filmed and their daughter, Eve, was living in a separate household. Around the same time, Eve started working as a teacher and was studying for a PhD.
Viv – who recently graduated from the University of Liverpool with an MA in Archaeology – found studying and life to be things that held the family back from continuing their Gogglebox journey together, saying, “It was an awful lot to deal with.”
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The family spoke fondly about their time on the show, calling it a really good experience and one that brought them a lot of laughs. They shared that the crew would always offer takeaway and would bring sweet treats with them, including donuts.
Craig Ferguson believed he was being “shot at” and had to “duck down for cover” during his walk across the US for charity.
Tartan Army hero Craig Ferguson has revealed thought he was being “shot at” during his epic 3,300-mile walk across America while raising money for men’s mental health. The 23-year-old from Paisley arrived back at Glasgow Airport in July after spending 108 days walking across the States as part of his Tartan Trek challenge in support of SAMH (Scottish Action for Mental Health).
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He left Santa Monica pier in California on February 24 before reaching Boston Common on June 12 ahead of Scotland’s opening World Cup fixture against Haiti. Along the way, he received support from high-profile Scots including Lewis Capaldi, Ross King MBE, The Proclaimers, Craig Gordon, Sir Kenny Dalglish and his namesake, broadcaster Craig Ferguson.
In the final week of his trek, the Scottish Government announced a £400,000 donation to SAMH as part of the campaign, with Ferguson raising over £1.1million. Appearing on Arnold Clark’s Stars in Cars social media series, Craig told host Ryan Wilson about the most dangerous situation he encountered on his journey.
Craig said: “I was walking down the street and someone looked at me really funny and the next thing I know, all I heard was ‘BANG, BANG, BANG’ like gunshots and I ducked down for cover. But it turns out the guy was just shooting targets in his garage.
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“He was like, ‘Sorry man, just doing some practice’. Don’t practise on me though!”
After completing his journey and arriving in Boston Common, Craig broke down in tears. Hundreds of Scotland fans arrived to welcome Craig as they sang the national anthem.
Arriving to the sound of bagpipes an emotional Craig, who was mobbed by the world’s media, said: “I will never ever be able to find the words to describe this. No one will ever know how f***ing hard that was.
“Every part of that – the walking, I said I would do it. I said I’d raise £1million, we hit it for men’s mental health.
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“And every single one of you that have supported it from the start and believed that I could do it. We’re f***ing here, we done it!”
His trip was not without heartache as the campaigner lost his two-of-a-kind kilt which he completed the mammoth task in after his mum misplaced it in New York. He appealed for a “miracle” to help find it, however, it was long gone and he had to rely on kiltmakers Slanj Kilts remaking it.
Mr Ferguson walked through desert heat, snowstorms, torrential rain and high winds in order to encourage conversations about mental health. Speaking upon returning home to Scotland on July 1, Craig said: “Coming home to Scotland is incredibly emotional.
“Setting off 108 days ago, I could never have imagined the journey ahead or the response it would receive. Every mile was for everyone who has struggled with their mental health and to show that no-one has to face those challenges alone.
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“To return home knowing we’ve raised more than £1million for SAMH is something I’m immensely proud of and I’m so grateful to everyone who supported me every step of the way.”
Craig Ferguson’s episode of Stars in Cars is available now on Arnold Clark’s social media channels. Watch here.
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The Music, Fashion, Film tour is coming to the UK next year
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Charli XCX has announced a new UK and European tour, which will see her return to Manchester for the first time since headlining Parklife last year.
The BRAT songstress, who is behind hits including Apple, Rock Music and Von Dutch, has been teasing her eagerly-awaited ‘Music, Fashion, Film’ for a few weeks now, with the performer announcing on social media last night that news was imminent.
It has now been confirmed that Charli will head out across the UK and Europe for six shows in February 2027. The tour will kick off in Dublin on February 13. There will also be shows in Glasgow, London, Amsterdam, and Paris with tickets on sale next week.
Click here for the latest on Manchester’s food & drink scene, gigs and more in our CityLife newsletter
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The singer will head to Manchester’s Co-op Live on February 17 where she will be supported by Audrey Hobert. It will mark her second tour at the venue, following her hugely-successful and energetic BRAT tour back in 2024. She will also play London’s The O2 on February 19.
Pre-sale will begin on Wednesday (September 16) from 10am via the likes of Ticketmaster and Gigs and Tours. Fans can sign up for early pre-sale access via Charli’s website here. Anyone who pre-ordered Charli’s latest album from the official store during an earlier qualifying window will get first access to pre-sale tickets and will be emailed more information shortly.
General sale for the UK and European tour dates will begin from Friday (September 18) at 9am. Charli kicks off the initial US leg of the tour tonight, with a show in Philiadelphia.
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Charli returned to Manchester last year as she headlined the Parklife festival at Heaton Park. During the rain-filled set, she confirmed that ‘BRAT summer would last fast forever’ even if the album cycle had ended.
Earlier this year, the singer released her eighth studio album, also named Music, Fashion, Film, which includes the singles SS26 and Camera. In addition to featuring industry pros John Cale, Marc Jacobs and Martin Scorsese on the cover, the album also featured a song with film director David Cronenberg.
Lewis Hall’s new contract will keep him at Newcastle until 2031 (Photo: Newcastle United)
Manchester United’s chances of signing Lewis Hall have taken a huge blow as details of his Newcastle United contract extension have been revealed.
It is no secret that Michael Carrick wanted to sign a new left-back during the summer transfer window, with Hall emerging as his top target.
The 22-year-old has developed into one of the Premier League’s best full-backs since leaving Chelsea for St. James’ Park three years ago.
His efforts have helped Newcastle win the Carabao Cup and qualify for the Champions League, though he was surprisingly left out of the England squad for the 2026 World Cup.
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That no longer appears to be the case however, as Newcastle announced on Friday that Hall has signed a new five-year contract with the club.
Moreover, as reported by The Athletic, there is no set release clause in the new deal, strengthening the Magpies’ position and making it more difficult for Man Utd to sign the player in the future.
Hall has two assists in the opening five games of the season (Photo: Getty)
It was reported that the Red Devils were still very interesting in making a move for Hall next summer, but he will now surely command a premium price tag.
Carrick has just one senior natural left-back at his disposal for this season in the shape of Luke Shaw, but Patrick Dorgu did play there in the Champions League win over Sabah on Thursday, and was named Player of the Match.
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Man Utd face rivals Manchester City on Sunday in the Premier League, while Newcastle travel to Leeds United on Monday night.
Man Utd will find it even tougher to sign Hall now (Photo: Getty)
‘I’m absolutely delighted,’ Hall, who has played every minute of the campaign so far, said upon signing his contract extension.
‘It’s a really proud moment. It’s an absolute pleasure to play for this club and to represent the supporters. I know how much it means to them.
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‘The fanbase and the support we get here, whether it’s at St. James’ Park or away, it’s the best in the league in my opinion. To be able to bring joy to their faces, it’s a big thing for me.
‘I obviously have a family connection with the club, which is incredibly important to us all. One of the main reasons I play is to make my family proud, and I know how much it means to them to watch me playing for Newcastle United.
‘It’s a really good place to be. It’s really pleasing with how we’ve started the season, especially with the new Gaffer and coaching staff coming in, and I think we can go on to achieve really big things.’
When most people hear “AI”, they typically think of ChatGPT, Copilot or another conversational system. You ask a question, that system generates an answer.
But AI is rapidly moving beyond this. Systems can now monitor the world, make decisions, negotiate transactions and carry out tasks over extended periods of time. AI is no longer just generating an answer – it is doing something about it.
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That points to something much bigger than a better chatbot: a world in which AI agents act on our behalf and, increasingly, interact with other AI agents.
Now imagine not one agent, but millions of them. Your AI agent could negotiate a mortgage with your bank’s agent, schedule surgery with a hospital’s agent, and rearrange your travel plans by dealing directly with the agents of airlines, hotels and insurers.
This future is much closer than it sounds, and this should change the questions we are asking about AI. Until now, the tendency has been to focus on how intelligent a single agent might become. The more profound challenge is what happens when millions of them interact with one another at scale.
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The rise of artificial societies
The intellectual foundations of today’s AI systems were laid long before ChatGPT.
For decades, I and other researchers of multi-agent networks have studied how autonomous agents can cooperate, coordinate and negotiate when nobody has complete information and nobody controls everything.
The earliest systems that emerged focused on how the distinct AI sub-areas of reasoning, planning and acting could be combined into an effective goal-oriented agent – and how tens of these agents could communicate and cooperate to solve a common objective.
As these interactions became more complex and involved more agents, there was a shift from cooperation between agents that all belonged to a single organisation, to agents with different owners and sometimes competing aims. This focused attention on building algorithms that could form agent teams, automate negotiation and determine agent trustworthiness.
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Today, the pieces needed to build large-scale multi-agent AI systems are falling into place. Modern AI agents can call software tools, access information, write and execute code, communicate with other systems and operate for extended periods.
Consider a supply chain. One AI agent could represent a manufacturer trying to secure components; another a supplier trying to maximise its revenue. Yet more could manage transport, inventory and warehouses. Each agent might be doing exactly what it is designed to do. But the important question is whether the system they create behaves sensibly.
This shift offers enormous potential benefits, but also increases the risks. In a recent experiment involving OpenAI and the tech platform Hugging Face, thousands of collaborating agents exchanged tens of thousands of messages and were able to get around the (deliberately weakened) security controls designed to contain them.
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A report on the OpenAI-Hugging Face hack. Video: Fortune Daily.
The details of one experiment matter less than the broader warning. When AI systems interact, the behaviour of the collective can be harder to predict than the behaviour of any individual system. That should make us cautious – but not cause us to down tools.
Instead, we need to shift our mindset from building intelligent machines to building intelligent societies.
Once agents can cooperate, compete and resolve conflicts with one another, we are no longer dealing with isolated machines – we are dealing with a society. Thus, the next frontier is not artificial intelligence, it is artificial societies.
An important role for humans
We already know that intelligence alone does not make a society work. Human societies depend on rules, institutions, incentives, norms and mechanisms for resolving disagreements. AI societies will need their equivalents.
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Who is responsible when two agents make a bad decision? What happens when the interests of different agents conflict? Who sets the rules? And who has the power to change them? These are not just technical issues; they are questions about economics, law, politics and society.
They also point to an important role for humans. The most useful future is unlikely to be one in which AI simply replaces people. While replacement will undoubtedly happen in some cases, I believe a more common scenario will involve people and agents working together, with each doing what it does best.
Humans bring judgment, experience, values, contextual understanding and accountability. Agents bring speed, persistence, scale and the ability to process enormous amounts of information.
The goal should not be to create machines that make humans irrelevant. It should be to create systems in which humans and machines can achieve things neither can achieve alone.
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But such a future requires more than just better AI models. It needs trust and transparency about what agents are doing, strong privacy protections and clear lines of accountability.
It will also require societies and governments to decide how these systems should be regulated when the most important behaviour may emerge not from one AI developer, but from interactions between systems built by many different organisations.
AI’s past decade has been defined by a race to build smarter systems. I believe the next decade will be defined by a different challenge: ensuring that millions of autonomous systems can work together safely, fairly and effectively.
The future of AI will not be determined solely by the intelligence of individual agents – it will be determined by the societies they create. And societies, as humans know all too well, are much harder to govern than individuals.
Jack Rooke’s killer was sentenced to prison this week
Andrew Robinson and Olivia Bridge Reporter in Live News Network
09:28, 11 Sep 2026
A heartbroken mum says she will “never be who I used to be” after her seven-year-old son was killed by a driver.
Nathan Shaw, of Tudor Street, Huddersfield, was sentenced at Leeds Crown Court on Thursday for driving offences following the death of little Jack Rooke in Golcar on August 30, 2023.
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The 35-year-old pleaded guilty to causing Jack’s death while driving a BMW X4 without insurance and two counts of perverting the course of justice. Shaw was sentenced to 42 months in prison and was also disqualified from driving for 57 months, reports Yorkshire Live.
In a victim personal statement, Jack’s mother said each day was a struggle without her beautiful and loving boy and that her life had been wrecked by his death. She also described the massive impact Jack’s loss had on his sisters , including Mya who had lost her best friend.
She said: “I can’t accept that Jack has gone and I never will. I replay his funeral, me having to carry my little boy in a coffin.
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“Looking at him in the chapel of rest wanting and wishing him to open his eyes.
“Travelling in the ambulance with Jack, seeing the paramedics trying to save his life, then been told that he had gone, is a parent’s worst nightmare that on one should have to go through. Leaving the hospital without them having to tell your other children.
“How will I navigate that and deal with it for the rest of my life? However, I have to for the sake of my other children, but it is hard. It’s hard to parent when you have been killed inside, I will never be who I used to be.”
Emergency services were called to Longfield Avenue in Golcar at about 6pm on August 30 after a BMW X4 driven by Shaw hit Jack. Jack was given emergency treatment but sadly died a short time later.
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Shaw was arrested at the scene and later charged following an in-depth investigation into the circumstances of the collision by the Major Collision Enquiry Team (MCET). Detective Sergeant Nina Roper of MCET, who led the investigation, said: “The death of Jack has been an absolute tragedy for his family as his mother’s victim family statement so movingly illustrates.
“The loss of such a loving and happy boy at such a young age has clearly been absolutely devastating, and the scale of their loss is hard for many of us to comprehend.
“Our thoughts continue to remain with them following the sentencing of Nathan Shaw today.”
The company behind the Transformers franchise has issued a statement following the Donald Trump administration’s recent posts using the likeness of one of the company’s signature characters.
“Far too many American lives have been lost or permanently changed because illegal aliens who have no business being on our roads have been granted CDLs.”
A day later, Hasbro – the owner of the Transformers brand – issued a statement which read: “Optimus Prime is a beloved character who represents humility, leadership, compassion and justice.
“Hasbro is aware of the recent posts using his likeness. These posts were done without permission and do not represent the Transformers brand or Hasbro.”
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This message was then reshared by the official Transformers account.
Hasbro’s statement follows numerous singers and brands taking issue with Trump and his team for using their music and likeness in his social media posts, which are often AI-generated.
The 101 Dalmatians Zip Purse, sold in Primark stores across the UK between March and June 2026, has been found to contain unsafe levels of phthalates.
Phthalates are chemical compounds used to make plastics softer and more flexible, but they are strictly regulated due to health concerns, especially for children.
A Primark spokesperson said: “We are recalling our product 101 Dalmatians Faux Leather Coin Purse (Kimball no. 2595301) due to a safety issue.
Primark urgently recall Disney purse over serious chemical risk (Image: Kennedy News & Media)
“This was sold in Primark stores in the UK between March 2026 and June 2026.
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“We have learned the product does not meet our usual high safety standards.
“The product has been found to contain phthalates above permitted levels, and this may cause harm to health and the environment.
“Please stop using the product immediately. Please return the product to any of our Primark stores. It’s not necessary to show proof of purchase.
“For more information, please email help.uk@help.primark.com.”
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Phthalates are known to pose serious health risks, particularly to children, as they can potentially damage the reproductive system.
The recall was issued after the product was found to breach the REACH Enforcement Regulations 2008 and the General Product Safety Regulations 2005.
A spokesperson for the Office for Product Safety & Standards said: “The product presents a serious chemical risk because it contains phthalates above permitted levels.
“Phthalates may harm the health of children, possibly causing damage to the reproductive system.
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“The product doesn’t meet the requirements of the REACH Enforcement Regulations 2008 or the General Product Safety Regulations 2005.
“The product has been recalled from end users by Primark.
“Owners should stop using the product immediately and keep it away from children.”
Primark has advised all customers to stop using the purse immediately and keep it out of reach of children.
The disease-causing bacteria can survive and even grow under refrigeration and can cause Listeriosis which can last up to several weeks depending on the severity.
Symptoms include fever, vomiting and headaches, with some cases even resulting in convulsions.
In rare cases, the infection can lead to meningitis.
The affected products are 120g packs of Waitrose Essential Pitted Black Olives.
The olives impacted by the recall have a use by date of September 13, September 18 and September 27.
Some people are more vulnerable to listeria infections, including those over 65 years of age, pregnant women and their unborn babies, babies less than one month old and people with weakened immune systems.
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A spokesman for the Food Standards Agency (FSA) said: “Waitrose is recalling the above product. Point of sale notices will be displayed in all retail stores that are selling this product.
“These notices explain to customers why the product is being recalled and tell them what to do if they have bought the product.
“If you have bought the above product do not eat it. Instead, return it to your nearest Waitrose store where you will be given a full refund. For further information, please contact Waitrose Customer Care on 0800 188 884, Option 4.”
A Waitrose statement added: “We apologise that it has been necessary to recall this product and for the inconvenience caused.”
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What is a product recall?
If there is a problem with a food product that means it should not be sold, then it might be ‘withdrawn’ (taken off the shelves) or ‘recalled’ (when customers are asked to return the product).
The FSA issues Product Withdrawal Information Notices and Product Recall Information Notices to let consumers and local authorities know about problems associated with food.
In some cases, a ‘Food Alert for Action’ is issued.
This provides local authorities with details of specific actions to be taken on behalf of consumers.
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