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Analyzing the Causes Behind the Nation’s Long-Term GDP Growth Decline

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Analyzing the Causes Behind the Nation’s Long-Term GDP Growth Decline

Thailand’s post–COVID-19 economic recovery has been characterized by persistently weak growth, averaging only 2.3 percent during 2022–2024—well below its pre-pandemic performance and far from its historical peaks.

Key Points

  • 📉 Growth slowdown: Thailand’s post-COVID recovery has been weak, averaging only 2.3% growth (2022–2024), far below historical peaks. This is seen as a structural, long-term decline rather than a temporary shock.
  • 👥 Labor issues: Aging population, early retirement, conscription, preventable deaths, and declining education quality reduce both labor supply and productivity.
  • 💰 Capital & productivity: Investment growth has slowed, and total factor productivity (TFP) gains have weakened, signaling declining fundamentals.
  • 🏛️ Fiscal strain: Rising public debt (61% of GDP) and persistent deficits risk credit downgrades, with populist policies adding pressure.
  • 🏠 Household debt: Exceptionally high for a developing economy (around 90% of GDP), constraining consumption and growth.
  • 🌍 Exports & FDI: Export competitiveness is eroding under new tariffs and trade conflicts. FDI is shifting from Japanese-led industries to Chinese firms and data centers, with fewer local spillovers.
  • ✈️ Tourism: Still below pre-pandemic levels, facing overcrowding, environmental issues, and stronger competition from regional peers.
  • 📲 Services trade: Imports of services (digital platforms, IT, streaming, etc.) are rising faster than exports, creating a negative balance.

This paper argues that the slowdown reflects not a temporary cyclical shock, but a deepening structural deterioration in Thailand’s long-term growth potential. As the second installment in a three-part analytical series, the study focuses on diagnosing the key structural constraints that have contributed to Thailand’s sustained deceleration in growth relative to regional peers.

Using a combination of quantitative indicators and qualitative policy analysis, the paper examines ten core structural factors shaping Thailand’s growth dynamics: labor, capital, total factor productivity, fiscal sustainability, household debt, the goods-exporting sector, foreign direct investment, tourism, the services-importing sector, and external threats.

The analysis reveals that weaknesses are broad-based and mutually reinforcing. Demographic aging, early labor-force exit, and declining education quality are constraining labor supply and productivity. Sluggish investment and slowing total factor productivity signal weakening growth fundamentals. At the same time, high household debt, limited fiscal space, declining export competitiveness, changing patterns of foreign direct investment, a stagnating tourism model, and a widening deficit in services trade further undermine economic momentum. These challenges are compounded by rising exposure to global trade fragmentation and climate-related risks.

Taken together, the findings suggest that Thailand’s growth engine is impaired across multiple components rather than hindered by a single binding constraint. Each structural area requires targeted policy interventions to stabilize and, collectively, revive Thailand’s long-term growth trajectory.

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Introduction

In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, Thailand’s economic growth during the period 2022–2024 averaged only around 2.3 percent, representing a marked slowdown compared with the pre-COVID period (2010–2019), when average growth stood at approximately 3.2 percent. This deceleration should not be interpreted as a temporary cyclical weakness. Rather, it reflects a deeper and more persistent deterioration in Thailand’s long-term growth prospects. Historically, Thailand’s GDP growth peaked at an average of 7.3 percent during 1993–1996, before declining to around 5.3 percent during 1999–2007, and subsequently falling further in the pre-COVID decade. Looking ahead, long-term projections suggest that Thailand’s growth rate will continue to decline steadily, period by period, at least until 2080 (Bisonyabut & Tantisan, 2025).

The downward revision of Thailand’s GDP growth trajectory is therefore not unexpected when viewed against the backdrop of the country’s accumulated structural challenges and the limited success of past efforts to address them. What is striking, however, is not merely the presence of these challenges, but their breadth and persistence. Multiple structural weaknesses continue to weigh on economic performance, collectively signaling a broad erosion of competitiveness. Thailand’s growth engine increasingly resembles an economic system suffering from failures across multiple components, rather than a single malfunctioning part.

This paper constitutes the second installment in a three-part series examining Thailand’s prolonged economic slowdown through three complementary analytical lenses. The first paper, published earlier, traced Thailand’s growth trajectory from its historical peak to the present, demonstrating that the observed slowdown is fundamentally structural and long-term in nature, with potentially severe consequences if left unaddressed. Building on that foundation, this paper focuses on identifying the key structural challenges that have contributed to Thailand’s persistently weak growth relative to its regional peers. The third paper, forthcoming, will examine institutional constraints that have hindered effective reform, helping to explain why well-known policy proposals have repeatedly failed to translate into meaningful and sustained progress.

Untangling Structural Challenges

To identify the underlying causes of Thailand’s long-term GDP projection decline, this paper examines a set of core macroeconomic structural factors that together form the backbone of the Thai economy. These include:

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  • labor
  • capital,
  • total factor productivity,
  • fiscal sustainability,
  • household debt,
  • goods exporting sector,
  • foreign direct investment (FDI) sector,
  • tourism sector,
  • import services sector
  • external threats.

These structural components encompass both the supply side and the demand side of the economy and represent the primary channels through which economic growth is generated in Thailand. Weaknesses in any one of these areas can constrain growth; however, when multiple factors deteriorate simultaneously, their combined effects can substantially depress long-term GDP performance.

For each structural factor, this study employs quantitative and/or qualitative analyses to evaluate the extent to which it has supported or constrained Thailand’s economic growth over time. Where appropriate, empirical evidence is complemented by institutional and policy analysis to capture mechanisms that may not be fully observable in aggregate data. Based on these assessments, policy recommendations are proposed for each factor with the aim of mitigating structural constraints and improving Thailand’s long-term growth potential.

Findings

This section presents a detailed analysis of each structural factor, along with corresponding policy recommendations aimed at addressing identified weaknesses and enhancing Thailand’s long-term economic performance.

Labor

Labor employed in the agricultural, manufacturing, or service sectors directly contributes to GDP by producing goods and services that add value to the economy. A key challenge for this growth factor is demographic aging: as the population ages, the labor force both shrinks and becomes older, thereby limiting its contribution to GDP growth. Thailand currently faces several challenges related to this factor.

High-income economies typically counter labor-force shrinkage by extending the retirement age. As shown in Figure 1, most high-income economies have an official retirement age of around 65, while developing economies tend to maintain an official retirement age closer to 60.

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In Thailand, there is no formal retirement age for most workers, except for civil servants, whose mandatory retirement age is 60. However, in practice, many workers retire earlier—often around age 55—which coincides with the age at which individuals become eligible to leave their jobs and receive pension benefits. More concerningly, labor-force statistics (Figure 2) indicate that a significant number of workers exit the labor market as early as their early 50s (TDRI, 2025a).

In addition, Thailand loses part of its labor force through channels that are largely avoidable. Three notable examples include:

  • Mandatory military conscription among young workers (Prachathai, 2019);
  • loss of life due to road accidents (approximately 16,000–20,000 fatalities per year, TDRI, 2025b); and
  • premature deaths related to climate-related incidents, including natural disasters (Kosako, 2025) and prolonged exposure to PM2.5 pollution (Hermayurisca & Taneepanichskul, 2023).

Qualitative aspects further exacerbate the problem. Recent PISA test results (PISA, 2022) show that Thailand’s scores are below the OECD average and below those of peer economies such as China, Malaysia,and Vietnam. More importantly, the trend in Thailand’s educational performance has been declining over time.

In summary, population aging and labor-force shrinkage constitute major constraints on GDP growth. These challenges are compounded by both quantitative losses of labor and declining labor quality. Government policy should therefore focus on extending working lives by raising the effective retirement age and keeping workers in the labor market for as long as possible. At the same time, it should address labor leakage through mechanisms such as military conscription and preventable premature deaths, while placing greater emphasis on improving labor quality.

Capital

Capital refers to machinery and equipment used in the production of goods and services. In Thailand, capital investment indicators have remained sluggish following the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the Bank of Thailand’s database, Business loan growth declined from an average of 4.3% during 2015–2019 (pre-COVID) to just 2.3% between 2021–2024. Similarly, according to NESDC’s database, investment as a share of GDP has grown more slowly, falling from an average growth rate of 2.9% to 1.7% over the same period. Notably, a strong investment cycle is typically characterized by growth rates of around 3.5%–7% per year.

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However, the decline in investment indicators should not be viewed as a standalone problem to be addressed directly. Rather, it reflects deeper structural weaknesses, particularly in foreign direct investment (FDI) and export performance, which will be discussed in subsequent sections.

Total Factor Productivity

Total factor productivity (TFP) measures how efficiently an economy transforms labor and capital into output, capturing gains from technology, innovation, skills, and organizational improvements beyond the mere accumulation of labor and capital. Based on NESDC analysis, TFP accounted for approximately 50% of Thailand’s GDP growth during 2011–2024. However, a clear slowdown in TFP growth has been observed in the post-COVID period. During 2015–2019, TFP growth averaged around 2.0% per year, but following the COVID-19 shock, it declined to just 1.34% per year, signaling increasing constraints on Thailand’s future growth potential (NESDC, 2025).

This trend underscores the urgent need to strengthen Thailand’s technology and innovation system, including policies that support technological upgrading, technology transfer, and the effective adoption of new technologies across firms and sectors.

Fiscal Sustainability

Thailand’s post–COVID-19 GDP growth slowdown is very pronounced, but less widely recognized is the fact that fiscal policy has already been stretched in supporting the economy. The public debt-to-GDP ratio rose from an average of 41.8% during 2015–2019 to 61.1% in the post-COVID period (2021–2024), and the current medium-term fiscal framework (Cabinet, 2025) projects the ratio to approach its statutory ceiling of 70%. The IMF and international credit rating agencies have warned that Thailand faces an increased risk of a sovereign credit downgrade, which would raise borrowing costs for both the public and private sectors. This situation is not surprising, as the government has operated under persistent fiscal deficits for more than two decades, with the deficit widening from an average of −2.6% of GDP per year during 2015–2019 to −4.1% per year in the post-COVID period (2021–2024).

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Looking ahead, the country faces heightened political risks arising from competition between populist policy agendas and expanding welfare-state commitments, which could further undermine fiscal discipline. Comprehensive fiscal reform is therefore essential to safeguard Thailand’s long-term macroeconomic stability.

Household Debt

Thailand is one of the countries with very high household debt. Notably, many countries with high household debt are high-income economies (Ishak, 2026), such as Switzerland (125% of GDP), Australia (112% of GDP), Canada (100% of GDP), and the Netherlands (94% of GDP). In contrast, Thailand’s household-debt-to-GDP ratio is unusually high for a developing economy, standing at around 84% of GDP before COVID-19 and rising to around 90% after COVID-19. Among developing peers, Malaysia is the closest comparator, with household debt of around 70% of GDP, which is still significantly lower than Thailand’s level.

High household debt constrains economic growth through the consumption channel. Highly indebted households must allocate a large share of their income to debt repayment before consumption, reducing aggregate demand. In addition, high debt burdens can prevent households from expanding economic activities or investing to increase future income, trapping some households in persistent vulnerability or poverty.

Household debt can be reduced gradually over time through economic growth (base-effect reduction) and debt-restructuring or relief programs, typically offered by lenders, the Bank of Thailand, and the government. However, such adjustment processes often take a long time. Even so, targeted debt-support programs can generate positive macroeconomic effects, as they help revive consumption and create multiplier effects throughout the economy.

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Goods-Exporting Sector

Before this point, the factors discussed are primarily internal factors that serve as the backbone of the economy. The remaining factors are external factors that inject income into the system, among which the goods-exporting sector plays a central role. Based on Trademap database, during 2015–2019, Thailand accounted for roughly 1.3% of global exports. After COVID-19, this share declined slightly to 1.2% during 2021–2024.

Looking ahead, however, the global trade environment has changed markedly. The United States has introduced reciprocal tariff measures that apply to a broad range of imported goods, under which Thailand faces a tariff rate of 19% (USTR, 2025). Although this rate is broadly comparable to those imposed on competing exporting countries, the tariffs nonetheless impose significant cost pressures that cannot be easily passed on to U.S. consumers.

Moreover, the emerging trade regime is increasingly shaped by strategic competition between the United States and China, placing Thailand in a vulnerable intermediary position. According to Trademap database, Thailand’s combined export share to the U.S. and China increased from 23.2% during 2015–2019 to 29.3% during 2021–2024, while imports from these two countries rose from 27.3% to 30.8% over the same period. This rising dependence heightens Thailand’s exposure to economic shocks arising from bilateral trade conflicts.

A clear example of this vulnerability is Thailand’s role as a transshipment hub for Chinese products. In 2025, the United States imposed final tariff rates on solar panels and components originating from Thailand, ranging from approximately 375% to 972%, significantly increasing the cost of Thai exports to the U.S. market.

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A new export enhancing strategy is therefore needed to protect the country under this new global trade order and to guide the goods-exporting sector forward.

Foreign Direct Investment

Foreign direct investment (FDI) has long served as a foreign-driven engine of investment and growth for Thailand. Notably, Japanese investment in major industries—including automotive, electrical appliances, and electronics—has not only generated large-scale employment (including jobs in related and upstream industries) but has also supported the development of local supply chains and contributed significantly to the broader local economy.

In the post–COVID-19 period, however, the composition of FDI has begun to shift (Suleesathira, 2025). Thailand has transitioned from an investment landscape dominated by Japanese firms toward one increasingly shaped by Chinese conglomerates and data center investments. These new forms of investment differ substantially from earlier FDI patterns. First, Chinese firms tend to rely more heavily on their own workers and supply chains, limiting spillovers to local labor and suppliers. Second, data center investments fewer opportunities for local supply chain development.

As a result, although headline FDI inflows have continued to rise and recently reached new record levels, it is unclear whether Thailand’s economy will benefit to a similar extent as in the past. In practice, the primary beneficiaries may instead be industrial estate developers and utility providers servicing these investments. Moreover, growing competition for limited resources—particularly utilities—has emerged as an additional concern, as new FDI projects may crowd out more labor-intensive and supply-chain-rich forms of investment that have traditionally generated broader economic benefits.

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A balanced approach is therefore required—one that carefully weighs the gains from both traditional and new forms of FDI, while ensuring that Thai workers and local supply chains remain integral parts of the investment equation.

Tourism Sector

The tourism sector is a major contributor to Thailand’s GDP. At its peak in 2019, Thailand welcomed nearly 40 million international visitors, with tourism contributing around 10% of GDP (World Travel and Tourism Council, 2024).

However, even in 2025, the number of international visitors has not yet returned to its 2019 level. Estimated arrivals remain at around 33–34 million visitors. Two developments are particularly concerning.

First, Thailand continues to rely heavily on traditional tourism assets, including mountains, beaches, sunshine, and cultural heritage sites. These strengths have long positioned Thailand as one of the world’s most visited destinations. Nevertheless, after decades of offering largely similar experiences, many destinations now face overcrowding, rising prices, environmental degradation, tourist scams, and “tourist traps.” Policy choices have also contributed to these challenges, including the legalization of cannabis, which has affected Thailand’s tourism image in some markets.

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Second, regional competitors have not remained static. Countries such as China, Japan, and Vietnam have actively upgraded and promoted their tourism sectors by introducing new attractions and differentiated experiences. Compounding these pressures, the strength of the Thai baht has placed Thailand at a cost disadvantage, making travel expenses approximately 4–10% higher than those of peer destinations.

To revitalize the tourism sector, it is imperative to reinvigorate the visitor experience. Thailand must preserve the qualities that once defined its appeal—friendliness, hospitality, local character, and a sense of joy—while simultaneously developing new sources of excitement, including well-designed man-made destinations, to compete more effectively with regional peers.

Services-Importing Sector

The services-importing sector functions as a leakage from the economy, capturing expenditures by local residents on services provided outside the Thai economy. It includes travel services, business services (trade-related, professional, and management consulting), transport, financial services, government goods and services, telecommunications, computer and information services, the use of intellectual property, construction services, and insurance and pension services.

In analyzing the external services sector, it is useful to compare services imports with services exports (Tables 1 and 2). During the periods 2015–2019 and 2021–2024, a sharp contrast emerged between these two sectors. While the services-exporting sector declined from an average of USD 70,297 million to USD 48,282 million, the services-importing sector increased from an average of USD 48,898 million to USD 64,847 million.

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As a result, Thailand has shifted into a negative external services balance vis-à-vis the rest of the world. More disaggregated statistics show that Thailand’s major service exports are concentrated in travel, business services (primarily trade-related), and transport, which together account for approximately 95 percent of total service exports. In contrast, service payments have been rising in transport, business services, intellectual property rights, insurance and pension services, financial services, telecommunications, computer and information services, and personal, cultural, and recreational services. Looking ahead, the services-exporting sector remains heavily dependent on relatively stagnant activities, namely travel (linked to tourism), business services (linked to goods exports), and transport (linked to both tourism and goods exports)—all of which face limited growth prospects. Meanwhile, services-importing sectors are growing rapidly in popularity among Thai consumers and businesses, particularly in ride-hailing and food delivery, accommodation platforms, e-commerce marketplaces, mobile app stores, streaming and digital content services, and cloud and IT services. Without policy intervention, the negative balance in services trade is likely to widen further.

External Threats

Last but not least, looking ahead, several external threats could have a significant impact on the economy and overall GDP. One such threat is global warming. Climate-related disasters not only cause premature deaths but also generate substantial economic losses. In recent years, Thailand has experienced an increasing number of extreme events, many of which have set new records. For example, the severe flooding in Hat Yai was caused by an unprecedented rainstorm, the heaviest in more than 300 years (Pasutan, 2025). Similarly, the earthquake in 2025, which was clearly felt in Bangkok. It is a once in a lifetime for most Bangkok’s residents.

Other catastrophic events, whether natural or man-made, cannot be ruled out in the future. Countries that are well prepared for such shocks are better positioned to preserve economic stability and protect their citizens from the unforeseen hardships these events may impose. 

Conclusion

   This article compiles empirical evidence and statistical data to diagnose Thailand’s economic growth slowdown. The findings suggest that the deceleration is not driven by a single factor, but rather by simultaneous deterioration across ten structural dimensions, collectively producing a systemic weakness. This dynamic can be likened to the human body, which may withstand isolated health issues to some extent, but becomes critically ill when multiple conditions occur concurrently.

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The article also outlines broad policy directions for addressing each structural challenge, emphasizing that problem recognition and appropriate strategic orientation are essential first steps toward effective reform. However, given space limitations, the article does not provide detailed policy prescriptions for each area. More comprehensive solutions are discussed in the referenced literature, alongside additional policy proposals that have long been debated within academic and policy circles.

References

Bisonyabut, N., & Tantisan, W. (2025). Tracking Thailand’s economic growth: Past, present and future. TDRI Quarterly Review, 40(3), 2–9.

Cabinet. (2025). Revised Medium Term Fiscal Framework (MTFF).

Hermayurisca, F., & Taneepanichskul, N. (2023). Estimation of premature death attributed to short- and long-term PM2.5 exposure in Thailand. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 195(10), 1176. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10661-023-11807-4

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Ishak, I. (2026, January 30). Ranked: The 35 countries with the highest household debt. Visual Capitalist. https://www.visualcapitalist. com/cp/35-countries-with-highest-household-debt/

Kosako, J. (2025, December 23). Voices from Hat Yai in the wake of the flood crisis [เสียงจากหาดใหญ่ หลังวิกฤตน้ำท่วม]. Business Voices, No. 2. https:// www.bot.or.th/th/research-and-publications/ research/business-voices/business-voices-2025-12.html

National Economic and Social Development Council. (2025). Capital stock of Thailand, 2024 edition.

Pasutan, P. (2025, November 24). What does Hat Yai’s “heaviest rainfall in 300 years” actually mean? [ฝนตกหาดใหญ่ “หนักสุดในรอบ 300 ปี” หมายความว่าอย่างไร?] ThaiPBS. https://www. thaipbs.or.th/now/content/3403

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PISA. (2022). Press conference: results of the PISA 2022 Assessment [การแถลงข่าวผลการประเมิน PISA 2022]. https://pisathailand.ipst.ac.th/news-21/

Prachatai. (2019). TDRI recommends strategies to cope with an aging society: invest in human resources, reduce military service requirements, increase automation, and develop cities. [TDRI แนะรับมือ ‘สังคมอายุยืน’ ลงทุนมนุษย์-ลดเกณฑ์ทหาร-เพิ่มระบบอัตโนมัติ-พัฒนาเมือง]. https://prachatai. com/journal/2019/05/82475

Suleesathira, P. (2025, September 16).  In-depth analysis: Why investment in the Eastern region fails to improve the lives of local people [เจาะลึก: ทำไมเม็ดเงินลงทุนภาคตะวันออกไม่ทำให้คนในพื้นที่ดีขึ้น] Bangkokbiznews. https://www.bangkokbiz news.com/business/economic/1198863

Thailand Development Research Institute. (2025a). Silver economy.

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Thailand Development Research Institute. (2025b). Reimagining Thailand’s development’s model. https://tdri.or.th/2025/09/tdri-annual-public-conference-2025/

United States Trade Representative. (2025). Fact sheet: The United States and Thailand reach a framework for an agreement on reciprocal trade. https://ustr.gov/about/policy-offices/ press-office/fact-sheets/2025/october/fact-sheet-united-states-and-thailand-reach-framework-agreement-reciprocal-trade

World Travel and Tourism Council. (2004). Travel & tourism economic impact research (EIR). https://wttc.org/research/economic-impact/

Author: Nonarit Bisonyabut, Ph.D. and Sunan Phumkham.

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Are You Building a Future-Ready Small Business? Choose Tech That Is Less Visible, Not More Complicated

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Are You Building a Future-Ready Small Business? Choose Tech That Is Less Visible, Not More Complicated

For many small businesses, workforce technology is like that. When it works properly, nobody notices it. When it doesn’t, it can quickly become the centre of the working day. And if you don’t have a dedicated IT team to step in and fix issues quickly, the impact is magnified.

This is felt especially sharply with employee laptops, because so much of modern work runs through this single device: email, documents, spreadsheets, browser tools, calls, messaging and client communication. When a laptop is not up to the job, it reshapes how work feels, how smoothly people move through the day and how much energy gets wasted on things that should be effortless. Crucially, this often doesn’t show up as one dramatic failure. It shows up as constant, low-level friction that people gradually learn to work around. That is what makes it so easy to miss. Employees adapt, lower expectations, build bad habits to cope with the device and push through, so the drag on time and energy becomes ‘just how it is’.

In practice, that can mean slowdowns when switching between email, documents, spreadsheets, browser tabs and calls, video meetings that glitch, freeze or feel unreliable under pressure, battery anxiety when working away from a desk, repeatedly waiting for the laptop to catch up, restart or reconnect, cramped side-by-side working on smaller screens, and too much reliance on dongles, adapters and setup workarounds.

The cost in terms of behavioural impact includes employees switching cameras off just to keep calls running smoothly, which hampers communication and damages the client experience, keeping fewer windows open than they need, which slows tasks down, delaying restarts and important software updates, increasing exposure to vulnerabilities, and using their personal devices as a backup, sometimes handling sensitive business or customer information.

For small business leaders, there is another layer of concern: buying the wrong thing and being stuck with it for years. That might mean devices already feeling stretched after 12 to 24 months, overspending on tech people do not fully use, or risking client trust through weak privacy and security. The biggest risk is that these ways of working start to feel normal. Once that happens, friction stops looking fixable and starts getting absorbed into everyday life.

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Because people often stop flagging these issues and simply work around them, it’s easy for leaders to underestimate the scale of the problem. But this is affecting millions of SMBs in the UK and many millions more around the world. HP’s 2026 SMB workflow research found that nearly 60% of SMB IT leaders say troubleshooting consumes more of their time than innovation, nearly half of SMB workers say obsolete tools make everyday tasks unnecessarily frustrating, and more than 60% of small business leaders link those inefficiencies to increased burnout and employee turnover.

If hidden friction is the problem, then simply adding more technology is not the answer. Rather, it is about how to choose the right devices that will remove the most important points of friction from the working day.

The HP EliteBook 8 G1a is a useful example of a lower-friction device because it is built around the problems small businesses actually experience. Work feels faster and less stop-start, because the laptop has the headroom for how people actually work now, moving between documents, spreadsheets, browser tabs, messaging and HD calls without quickly feeling maxed out. That is where the AMD Ryzen AI 7 Pro platform, 64GB RAM and 1TB storage make a real difference.

Long, multitasking sessions feel more comfortable, because the 16-inch, 16:10 display gives people more room to compare documents, work across spreadsheets and take notes during meetings without constant resizing and juggling. Hybrid work becomes less awkward, because built-in HDMI, USB-A and multiple USB-C and Thunderbolt 4 ports make it easier to move between meeting rooms, home offices and shared workspaces without relying on a bag full of dongles and adapters.

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Security and privacy feel more built in and less disruptive, which matters especially for SMBs without a dedicated IT team. HP Wolf Security helps isolate common threats such as phishing links, malware and ransomware in the background, while Sure View narrows the viewing angle of the screen so sensitive information is harder for people nearby to see in shared or public spaces. Meetings feel more professional without extra effort, because the 5MP camera and built-in AI-powered meeting features help people look clear, stay centred in frame and sound better on calls.

As a next generation AI PC, it is a more future-ready choice, because AI will increasingly be part of the tools businesses already use. With a dedicated Neural Processing Unit (NPU) and enough memory to support more local AI-enabled workloads over time, it is designed to stay fast and efficient for longer rather than feeling like the wrong decision a year from now.

For small business leaders, the key question is: What will reduce friction for our team for long enough to justify the investment? Some useful ways to think about this, and questions to ask your team directly, include identifying where current laptops are quietly slowing people down, looking for repeated low-level problems rather than dramatic failures such as lag, poor meetings, awkward setup, battery stress and too many workarounds. It also means understanding what the busiest day actually looks like and buying for the reality of multitasking, video calls, side-by-side working and hybrid movement.

Leaders should consider whether they are buying for short-term savings or long-term value, since a cheaper device that feels stretched after a year can become worse value than a better-specced one that stays comfortable for longer. They should also ask whether security feels built in or bolted on, because the safest setup is usually the one that asks the least extra effort from already busy people.
It is also worth thinking about whether a device will stay useful as AI-enabled tools become more normal. The practical issue is not whether AI matters this minute, but whether the laptop will keep pace as those features become part of everyday software. Finally, consider whether the device fits how people actually work, as the right choice is about balance: performance headroom, screen space, connectivity, collaboration and peace of mind.

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Future-ready technology should not demand more attention from a small business. It should support the business without demanding more effort to use it, by reducing everyday friction, protecting sensitive work and staying useful for long enough to offer real value. For more information, please visit HP’s site.

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EU rules reining in Big Tech will now target cloud services and AI, regulators say

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EU rules reining in Big Tech will now target cloud services and AI, regulators say


EU rules reining in Big Tech will now target cloud services and AI, regulators say

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Aussies Urged to Withdraw Cash to Preserve Currency

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Australian Dollar

SYDNEY — Australians are being encouraged to visit ATMs and withdraw cash today on national Cash Out Day, an annual campaign designed to highlight the importance of physical currency and push back against the rapid shift toward a cashless society.

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Cash Out Day 2026: Aussies Urged to Withdraw Cash to Preserve Currency
Melissa Walker Horn / Unsplash

Organizers say the initiative aims to demonstrate public support for keeping cash as a viable payment option, especially for vulnerable communities, small businesses and those concerned about digital privacy.

Cash Out Day, now in its fourth year, is coordinated by advocacy groups including the Australian Retailers Association, small business chambers and consumer organizations worried about the declining use of banknotes. Participation is simple: withdraw any amount from an ATM or bank branch and spend it at local retailers on the same day.

The campaign comes as cash usage in Australia continues its steep decline. According to Reserve Bank of Australia data, cash accounted for less than 15% of total transactions in 2025, down from over 30% a decade earlier. Contactless card payments, mobile wallets and buy-now-pay-later services have accelerated the shift, particularly among younger consumers.

Proponents of Cash Out Day argue that completely phasing out cash would create serious problems. Elderly Australians, migrants with limited English or banking access, and people in regional areas often rely heavily on cash. Small businesses, especially market stalls, food trucks and independent retailers, also prefer cash to avoid high card fees and transaction delays.

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“Cash is freedom,” said Sarah Thompson, spokesperson for the Cash Is King Alliance, one of the main groups behind today’s event. “It protects privacy, works when the internet is down, and supports local economies. We’re not against digital payments, but we want choice.”

Financial experts note that while digital payments offer convenience and speed, they come with trade-offs. Every card or phone transaction generates data that can be tracked, sold or hacked. Power outages, cyber-attacks or system failures — as seen in several recent major outages — can render digital systems unusable, leaving people without access to money.

The Australian Banking Association has acknowledged the trend but insists cash remains important. Banks have reduced branch numbers and ATM availability in recent years, prompting criticism from consumer groups. Some communities have reported “cash deserts” where it is difficult to obtain physical money.

Today’s campaign encourages participants to document their cash withdrawals on social media using the hashtag #CashOutDay2026. Organizers hope to create a visible wave of support that pressures policymakers and financial institutions to maintain cash infrastructure.

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Small business owners have welcomed the initiative. Cafe owner Michael Chen in Melbourne said cash customers help him avoid merchant fees that can reach 2% per transaction. “Every little bit counts when margins are tight,” he said.

Privacy advocates have also thrown their support behind the day. Digital rights groups warn that a fully cashless society could enable greater government and corporate surveillance. Cash provides anonymity for legitimate transactions that many citizens value.

However, not everyone is enthusiastic. Some fintech leaders argue the campaign is outdated and resists inevitable progress. They point to Sweden and other nations that have successfully reduced cash usage with minimal disruption. Mobile payment adoption in Australia is among the highest in the world, with widespread acceptance even at farmers’ markets and school canteens.

The Reserve Bank of Australia has maintained a neutral stance. It continues to issue new polymer banknotes and has committed to ensuring cash remains available “for as long as Australians need it.” However, the central bank has also invested heavily in modernizing the payments system to support faster digital transfers.

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Economists suggest today’s event is unlikely to reverse the long-term decline in cash usage but serves as an important reminder of its enduring role. A 2025 survey by Finder found that while 68% of Australians prefer digital payments for convenience, 81% still believe cash should remain an option.

For participants, the message is straightforward: withdraw what you can comfortably spend today. There is no minimum or maximum amount, and the goal is simply to show demand for physical currency. Many plan to use the cash for everyday purchases like groceries, fuel or coffee to directly support local businesses.

Community groups in regional Australia have been particularly active in promoting Cash Out Day. In towns where bank branches have closed, residents say maintaining cash access is essential for daily life. Some local councils have organized ATM withdrawal events and information sessions about the importance of cash.

As the day unfolds, social media is expected to fill with photos of people at ATMs and receipts from cash transactions. Organizers hope the collective action sends a clear signal to banks, retailers and policymakers that cash still matters to millions of Australians.

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The campaign also highlights growing concerns about financial inclusion. Not everyone has access to smartphones, stable internet or traditional banking. For refugees, the elderly, low-income families and people experiencing homelessness, cash remains the most practical and inclusive form of money.

Critics of the cashless transition point to examples from other countries where rapid digital adoption left vulnerable populations behind. Australia’s relatively high financial literacy and strong consumer protections have softened some impacts, but gaps remain.

As Australians head to ATMs today, the event serves as both a practical action and a symbolic stand. Whether it slows the march toward cashlessness remains to be seen, but it ensures the conversation about the future of money stays alive.

Financial counselors advise participants to withdraw only what they need and to avoid carrying large amounts of cash for safety reasons. The goal is awareness and support, not disruption.

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With digital payments dominating modern life, Cash Out Day offers a moment of reflection on what might be lost if cash disappears entirely. For one day, Australians are invited to vote with their wallets — quite literally — for choice and inclusion in how they pay.

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