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Bitcoin Gets Native DeFi Stack as OP_NET Goes Live on Mainnet

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Bitcoin Gets Native DeFi Stack as OP_NET Goes Live on Mainnet

The execution layer’s launch comes alongside a DeFi stack, including a Bitcoin L1 DEX, permissionless smart contract deployment, and OP-20 token launches.

OP_NET, a smart contract protocol that embeds execution directly into standard Bitcoin transactions, activates on Bitcoin Layer 1 (L1) today, March 19. The execution layer brings with it a live DeFi stack that includes a decentralized exchange (DEX), token issuance, permissionless smart contract deployment, and yield farming, without leaving Bitcoin mainnet via bridges or wrapped assets, per a press release shared with The Defiant.

The co-founder of OP_NET, Chad Master, told The Defiant that, unlike Bitcoin Layer 2 (L2) chains or “metaprotocols,” OP_Net operates as a “deterministic execution layer that runs directly on Bitcoin as it exists today – no soft fork, no hard fork, no new opcodes, no separate chain, no separate token. Every OPNet transaction is a real Bitcoin transaction.”

The results, as Master explained, is decentralized applications whose state is anchored to Bitcoin’s settlement layer, with BTC as the only gas asset.

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In a statement, Master noted that the design intent is unambiguous:

“Every OpNet transaction is just a Bitcoin transaction. Users are never doing anything but making Bitcoin transactions. Connect your BTC wallet, make a trustless swap, and your Bitcoin stays Bitcoin. This is what native DeFi on Bitcoin actually looks like.”

At launch, the live DeFi ecosystem centers on MotoSwap, a Bitcoin L1 DEX for swapping BTC and OP-20 tokens (the protocol’s new token standard, the equivalent of ERC-20 tokens on Ethereum), alongside a two-phase swap execution model called NativeSwap that locks a quoted price for five blocks to reduce slippage risk — a necessary design given that Bitcoin transactions can’t be reverted once confirmed.

Permissionless smart contract deployment is live from day one, per the release, and a staking contract, similar to SushiSwap’s MasterChef, allows liquidity providers to create yield farms for new assets. The roadmap includes $PILL liquidity farming going live after the first week, with major stablecoins on Bitcoin via the OP-20S extension standard targeted for early Q2 2026, per the release.

The launch is the latest entry in the fast-growing Bitcoin DeFi (BTCfi) space, and lands amid a broader, sometimes fractious conversation about what Bitcoin’s base layer is actually for. When Bitcoin Core v30 shipped last October, expanding the OP_RETURN data limit from 80 bytes to 100,000 bytes, it triggered a debate, with critics warning of blockchain bloat and legal risk, and supporters arguing it was neutral infrastructure.

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The debate was first flagged by The Defiant in May 2025, when the OP_RETURN limit removal was still a proposal. Meanwhile, the race to bring yield to BTC holders has been accelerating across the stack: Babylon Genesis launched its native BTC staking L1 last April, and Botanix rolled out yield-bearing stBTC last September — all pointing to the same demand to put idle BTC to work, without leaving Bitcoin.

‘SlowFi’: Making Fees a Feature

The team behind OP_NET is framing the opportunity around what they call “SlowFi” — the idea that Bitcoin’s 10-minute block times and L1 fee dynamics create structural exit friction that keeps capital in protocols longer than fast-chain DeFi allows.

On faster chains, sentiment shifts can drain liquidity in seconds; on Bitcoin, settlement delays and congestion fees make panic exits genuinely costly.

Master told The Defiant that the the team sees the SlowFi framing as an a unqiue and intentional feature Bitcoin has to offer:

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“Our motto is ‘functionality over scale.’ We’re not trying to compete with Solana or Ethereum on speed. Bitcoin DeFi settles in blocks, not milliseconds, and that’s a feature for a certain class of capital – the kind that values security and finality over execution speed.” Referencing the potential scale of native BTCfi, he added:

“That capital is enormous and currently has nowhere to go on-chain. OPNet gives it a destination without asking it to leave Bitcoin.”

Master also sees fee generation as a feature, not a side effect — and one with implications for Bitcoin’s long-term security model, which depends increasingly on transaction fees as block subsidies continue to halve, “Every single Bitcoin block will be full. Miners will earn on L1 fee subsidies,” he said in the release, adding in commentary to The Defiant:

“OPNet doesn’t create a problem for Bitcoin – it contributes to solving one. More economic activity on L1 means more fees, which means a stronger security budget for the network.”

The OP_NET founders’ longer-term vision extends well beyond DeFi primitives — into tokenized equities, invoicing, encrypted messaging, and institutional debt instruments issued natively on Bitcoin.

“If Bitcoiners had access to MSTR or STRC natively issued as tokenized assets on Bitcoin — with the ability to trustlessly swap their Bitcoin for those assets,” Master told The Defiant, “I think there is a wide ocean of unexplored possibilities.”

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This article was written with the assistance of AI workflows. All our stories are curated, edited and fact-checked by a human.

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Cardano Hard Fork Upgrade Nears With Node 10.7.0 Release

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Brian Armstrong's Bold Prediction: AI Agents Will Soon Dominate Global Financial

TLDR

  • Cardano expects the Node 10.7.0 Target prerelease within days as part of Protocol 11 preparations.
  • Node 10.7.0 serves as one of the required releases for the van Rossem hard fork.
  • Developers will integrate the new node into ecosystem tools and conduct performance testing.
  • Version 10.7.x will transition to version 11 to fork the Preview and PreProd testnets.
  • The Protocol 11 upgrade introduces new Plutus built-ins, including CIP-138 and CIP-153.

Cardano advances preparations for its intra-era upgrade to Protocol 11, known as the van Rossem hard fork. Intersect confirmed that Cardano Node 10.7.0 Target prerelease should arrive within days. The release sets the stage for ecosystem integration and testing before the network moves toward testnet and mainnet upgrades.

Cardano Hard Fork Moves Closer With Node 10.7.0

Intersect reported that Cardano Node 10.7.0 Target prerelease is expected within days. The organization operates as a member-based body within the Cardano ecosystem. It outlined the release timeline in a recent technical update.

Cardano Node 10.7.0 stands as one of two required releases for the van Rossem hard fork. Earlier, developers deployed Node 10.6.2 in February to begin preparations. Now, the upcoming version introduces new features beyond hard fork functionality.

The ecosystem will integrate Node 10.7.0 into tooling once developers publish the release. Teams will conduct integration testing and performance checks across services. Dependent on results, developers may issue further minor updates.

Intersect stated, “Cardano Node 10.7.0 Target prerelease is expected within a few days.” The group added that prerelease 10.7.0 supports feature testing. Version 10.7.x will later transition to version 11 for testnet forks.

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Developers will promote version 11 to fork the Preview and PreProd testnets. After testnet validation, they will prepare for the mainnet fork. The upgrade process follows established Cardano governance procedures.

Protocol 11 Introduces New Plutus Built-Ins

The Cardano hard fork to Protocol 11 will introduce new Plutus built-ins. These include CIP-138 for Array type support. They also include CIP-153 for the MaryEraValue type.

Developers will add CIP-109 for modular exponentiation functionality. They will also implement the CIP-132 drop list built in. In parallel, CIP-133 enables multi-scalar multiplication over BLS12-381.

Intersect confirmed that SanchoNet already runs Protocol version 11. Therefore, developers can test the new built-ins on that network. Scalus updated its smart contract tooling to support these features.

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The upgrade does not change the transaction shape. As a result, teams expect limited disruption to existing integrations. Hardware wallets should face no serialization issues under this release.

DBSync compatible with Node 10.7.0 will follow soon after the release. Intersect stated that no serialization changes are included. The upgrade focuses on performance improvements and cleaner ledger rules.

The van Rossem hard fork operates as a small intra-era upgrade. It enhances Plutus performance and introduces new cryptographic capabilities. Existing smart contracts will continue operating without breaking changes.

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BTQ deploys first working BIP 360 implementation on Bitcoin Quantum Testnet

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CoinShares says quantum threat to Bitcoin is real but still years away

Summary

  • BTQ’s Bitcoin Quantum Testnet v0.3.0 now supports BIP 360’s Pay-to-Merkle-Root (P2MR) outputs, which remove Taproot’s key path spending and force all UTXOs through hash-based script paths to reduce long-exposure quantum risk.
  • The testnet validates the full P2MR lifecycle — from address creation and funding to signing, mempool acceptance and confirmation — while preserving compatibility with Lightning, BitVM, Ark, multisig and timelocks.
  • BTQ’s release, with one-minute blocks, restored SegWit discount and Dilithium-focused sigop hardening, tackles today’s “harvest-now, decrypt-later” public key exposure but leaves short-exposure quantum attacks to future signature-level upgrades.

BTQ Technologies Corp. announced Thursday the completion of the first functional implementation of Bitcoin Improvement Proposal 360 (BIP 360) on its Bitcoin Quantum Testnet v0.3.0 — marking the first time a quantum-resistant transaction format derived from a formal Bitcoin improvement proposal has been activated in a practical, live testing environment. The announcement, released via PR Newswire, moves BIP 360 from a draft concept into what BTQ describes as “usable, testable infrastructure” available to developers, miners, and researchers today.

BIP 360, co-authored by Hunter Beast, Ethan Heilman, and Isabel Foxen Duke, proposes a new Bitcoin output type called Pay-to-Merkle-Root (P2MR) — a direct response to one of Bitcoin’s most discussed long-term vulnerabilities: the exposure of elliptic curve public keys to quantum computing attacks. Under current Bitcoin architecture, certain transaction types — particularly P2PK outputs and Taproot (P2TR) addresses — leave public keys exposed on-chain, where a sufficiently powerful quantum computer running Shor’s algorithm could theoretically derive the corresponding private keys and drain the associated funds. An estimated 6.26 million BTC, representing roughly $440 billion at recent prices, sits in quantum-vulnerable address types.

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P2MR operates with nearly identical functionality to Bitcoin’s existing Taproot output type but with one critical modification: it removes the key path spending mechanism introduced by Taproot, which allows a transaction to be authorised by a single public key signature. Under P2MR, all UTXOs must be spent exclusively through script paths — Tapscript Merkle trees — which rely on hash-based commitments rather than elliptic curve public keys. Since hash functions are considered substantially more resistant to quantum attacks than elliptic curve cryptography, this eliminates a major surface area for long-exposure quantum attacks.

Crucially, P2MR retains full compatibility with Bitcoin’s existing smart contract capabilities, including multi-signature arrangements, timelocks, and complex custody structures. BIP 360’s authors have also confirmed compatibility with the Lightning Network, BitVM, and Ark — the key Bitcoin scaling and programmability frameworks that depend on Taproot architecture — making the upgrade additive rather than disruptive to the ecosystem.

BTQ’s v0.3.0 testnet release validates BIP 360 across the full transaction lifecycle: address creation, funding, transaction construction, signing, mempool acceptance, broadcast, and confirmation. Additional enhancements include optimised one-minute block spacing for faster iteration, a restored SegWit discount — critical given that post-quantum signature schemes using NIST-standardised ML-DSA (Dilithium) cryptography produce substantially larger transactions than standard Bitcoin signatures — and Dilithium signature hardening through improved sigop counting and tapscript security fixes. The testnet currently connects over 50 miners and has processed more than 100,000 blocks.

It is important to note the boundaries of what BIP 360 achieves. The proposal addresses long-exposure quantum vulnerability — the risk that an attacker harvests today’s public keys for decryption once quantum hardware matures — but does not yet protect against short-exposure attacks, where a quantum computer would need to break a signature within the time a transaction is unconfirmed. Full post-quantum security for Bitcoin will require additional proposals covering signature schemes. BIP 360 is, by its authors’ own description, a necessary first step rather than a complete solution — but Thursday’s deployment demonstrates that the infrastructure for that transition is no longer purely theoretical.

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‘AI agents will take jobs’ as crypto leads next wave of automated trading, exec says

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‘AI agents will take jobs’ as crypto leads next wave of automated trading, exec says

As AI agents become a bigger topic in crypto, Pranav Ramesh told CoinDesk that Nasdaq has already been using them across several sections of its business and has sharply expanded that use over roughly the past 18 months.

Ramesh, head of options research at Nasdaq and co-founder and CTO of Leadpoet, said the most meaningful shift has been in trust. “AI agents are relatively new, probably being used more and more over the last six months,” he said, arguing that earlier systems hallucinated too often for sensitive enterprise workflows.

He said Nasdaq is using AI agents in areas including market surveillance, compliance, and market microstructure analysis, and pointed to Nasdaq Verafin’s “Agentic AI Workforce,” which Nasdaq says automates “low-value, high-volume compliance processes” in anti-money laundering work.

Ramesh also pointed to Nasdaq’s AI-powered order type. Nasdaq announced in 2023 that its Dynamic M-ELO order type had become the first exchange AI-powered order type approved by the SEC, using an AI model with more than 140 factors to adjust to real-time market conditions.

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For Ramesh, that experience informs how he sees crypto. He said crypto trading platforms are likely to move aggressively on AI agents for both internal operations and retail-facing tools, including position analysis, trade suggestions and execution support. “The crypto trading world is actually going to lead the charge on how AI is used within the retail trading environment,” he said.

He did not describe that shift as fully autonomous. Instead, he said the model he sees taking hold is one in which agents handle most of the analysis and workflow while humans retain final approval. In the interview, he said that at Nasdaq, many systems still stop short of full automation, with human review remaining in the last step.

AI and AI Agents will replace a lot of human labor

Ramesh’s views are also unusually blunt on labor. “Yes, it will take a lot of jobs,” he said of AI agents, adding that he believes lower-level software, customer service and analyst roles are already being displaced as systems become faster, cheaper and more reliable. He framed that as an observable trend rather than a prediction.

And he seems to be right as companies, including the most recent being Crypto.com, which laid off 12% of its staff in a push for greater automation and efficiency through AI. Earlier, crypto research firm Messari parted ways with several of its staff and its chief executive as the company transitioned into what the new CEO called an “AI-first company.” Last month, Block, the payments company founded by Jack Dorsey, announced plans to slash 40% of employees, over 4,000 people, citing improved AI models.

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The AI trend lead to founding Leadpoet

That thesis also shaped his path into Leadpoet, the startup he co-founded with Gavin Zaentz. According to a February 2026 company fact sheet, the two met at Nasdaq and founded the company after repeatedly encountering the same problem: outbound tools could generate static lists, but identifying real buying intent still required manual research.

Leadpoet describes itself as an AI-powered lead qualification platform that turns web signals and company context into “decision-ready lead recommendations,” emphasizing “precision over volume.” The company says it supports private deployments so customers can score intent and generate outreach on their own data without exposing it to a vendor.

The fact sheet says Leadpoet uses Bittensor, which describes itself as a decentralized, blockchain-powered AI network that allows participants to contribute models and compute while earning rewards. Ramesh said that a decentralized, competitive structure is part of the appeal, because it can improve models faster than a centralized roadmap.

Leadpoet also says it is a member of NVIDIA Inception, NVIDIA’s startup program for AI companies. NVIDIA describes Inception as a free program that offers technical resources, go-to-market support and access to its broader ecosystem.

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In the company’s February 2026 fact sheet, Leadpoet says it reached a $1 million annualized run rate in its first quarter after launch and received backing from DSV Fund and Astrid. In that same material, DSV Fund CIO Siam Kidd said Ramesh and Zaentz combine “deep AI engineering expertise with a real understanding of day-to-day sales.”

Ramesh tied the company directly to what he says he saw inside large institutions adopting AI: agents moving from assistants to systems that can handle real operational work. In crypto, he said, that shift is likely to become visible faster than in many other corners of finance.

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Opera Proposes CELO Token Deal, Replacing Cash Payments With Crypto Stake

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Opera Proposes CELO Token Deal, Replacing Cash Payments With Crypto Stake

Opera, a Nasdaq-listed web browser company, is proposing to change how it is compensated by the Celo ecosystem, opting to receive native tokens instead of cash as it deepens its involvement with the network.

The company said Thursday it has proposed restructuring its commercial agreement, moving from US dollar-denominated quarterly payments to an allocation of 160 million CELO (CELO) tokens, subject to approval by Celo’s onchain governance community.

If approved, the shift would more directly align Opera’s financial incentives with the network’s performance and make it one of the largest institutional holders of CELO.

Celo is an Ethereum-aligned protocol focused on mobile-first payments, particularly for stablecoin transfers in emerging markets. Last year, it transitioned from a standalone layer-1 blockchain to an Ethereum layer-2 network.

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Like many blockchain-native tokens, CELO has struggled to return to its previous highs. Source: CoinMarketCap

Opera said the proposed change reflects its “belief in the long-term value” of the Celo ecosystem. The two have worked together since 2021, when Opera integrated Celo-native stablecoins into its browser wallet.

The partnership has increasingly centered on Opera’s MiniPay wallet, a self-custodial app built on Celo, which the company says has grown to 14 million users and focuses on stablecoin payments in emerging markets. MiniPay initiated connections with Latin America real-time payment platforms PIX and Mercado Pago in November.

To be sure, Opera isn’t the only company to accumulate tokens tied to a blockchain protocol. Ethereum software company ConsenSys has exposure to Ether (ETH) through its work on core infrastructure, such as MetaMask. Blockstream, a Bitcoin infrastructure company, holds Bitcoin (BTC) while developing products and services around the network.

Related: US ban on stablecoin yield could see others fill the void: Ledger exec

Opera reports revenue growth, announces buyback

Opera’s deeper integration with Celo comes on the heels of stronger-than-guided results, as the company reported growth across its core browser business and newer product segments.

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In February, Opera reported fourth-quarter revenue of $177.2 million, up 22% year-over-year. Adjusted earnings came in at $41.9 million, representing a 24% margin.

For the full year, revenue reached $614.8 million, with adjusted earnings of $142.5 million.

The company also announced a $300 million share repurchase program, which reduces the number of outstanding shares and can increase earnings per share.

Opera’s Nasdaq-traded shares are up more than 21% over the past month and currently trading at around $15 a share, giving the company a market capitalization of roughly $1.3 billion.

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Opera (OPRA) stock. Source: Yahoo Finance

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