Crypto World
Curve Finance Claims PancakeSwap Copied Its Code
The Curve Finance team has accused PancakeSwap of integrating its StableSwap code into the newer PancakeSwap Infinity release without a proper license. The dispute centers on the StableSwap module, which underpins swaps involving stablecoins and tightly pegged assets, and its deployment within Infinity, the latest iteration of the PancakeSwap decentralized exchange. Curve’s public note on X framed licensing as a prerequisite for any continued use of the code, inviting PancakeSwap to engage in formal licensing or collaboration to reduce legal risk and safeguard users. The exchange has signaled it may reach out to Curve to discuss the matter, with Curve replying that “better to be friends and build together.”
Beyond licensing, Curve stressed that deploying stable-swap capabilities safely requires deep specialized know-how. The post pointed to historically high-risk episodes tied to swap-based systems, underscoring that even seemingly straightforward integrations can become attack surfaces if not designed with rigorous safeguards. The reference points include Saddle Finance’s 2022 hack and the 2025 Balancer incident, which saw a $116 million exploit tied to swap-based code. These examples are invoked to warn users and developers about the potential for losses when complex liquidity mechanisms interact with permissionless platforms.
Cointelegraph contacted both Curve and PancakeSwap for comment, but neither side had responded by publication time. The absence of formal statements on licensing terms leaves a broader conversation about DeFi security, intellectual-property rights, and cross-chain interoperability still unresolved. The episode also highlights how fast-moving feature sets—such as cross-chain swaps and programmable liquidity—can collide with the practical and legal complexities of code reuse in open ecosystems.
The timing aligns with PancakeSwap’s ongoing ecosystem expansion. In April 2025, Infinity launched on Arbitrum and BNB Chain, introducing one-click cross-chain swaps intended to streamline asset movement across networks. The upgrade also introduced “hooks” — smart contract plug-ins that let liquidity providers tailor pool parameters, including dynamic fee structures, customized rebates, and on-chain limit orders that execute when predefined conditions are met. PancakeSwap said the upgrade reduced pool-creation fees by as much as 99%, signaling an attempt to accelerate liquidity onboarding and experimentation across chains.
Further growth followed later in 2025, with Infinity extending to Base, an Ethereum layer-2 network. PancakeSwap reported that trading on Base could be up to 50% cheaper when Ether (CRYPTO: ETH) trades against ERC-20 tokens, underscoring the economic incentives behind cross-chain expansions and the continued push to lower trading costs for users who bridge assets across networks. The Base deployment exemplifies how DeFi aggregators are increasingly pursuing multi-chain footprints to improve liquidity depth and user experience, even as they navigate new regulatory and security considerations. ERC-20 remains the dominant token standard on Ethereum-based assets, including many that flow through L2 ecosystems and cross-chain adapters.
Taken together, the episode illustrates a core tension in DeFi: rapid feature innovation and cross-chain interoperability versus the need for rigorous license compliance and robust security controls. As Infinity’s architecture becomes more sophisticated—incorporating hooks, dynamic fees, rebates, and conditional orders—the potential attack surface grows, even as the market appetite for seamless, multi-chain swaps intensifies. The fact that Curve explicitly linked licensing discussions with user safety signals that governance and IP considerations may increasingly influence how DeFi projects collaborate and compete in the coming years.
For readers tracking the evolution of cross-chain DeFi, the exchange between Curve and PancakeSwap is a useful case study in how open-source finance negotiates the line between rapid innovation and formal protection of codebases. It also raises practical questions for developers and users: how are licenses enforced in permissionless environments, what constitutes a legally safe deployment of shared code, and how quickly can open collaboration be formalized when risk signals emerge?
PancakeSwap Infinity launches and goes cross-chain
PancakeSwap Infinity debuted on Arbitrum and BNB Chain in April 2025, following the project’s earlier adoption of one-click cross-chain swaps to facilitate asset movement across different blockchains. The Infinity upgrade introduced “hooks,” programmable plug-ins that let liquidity pools adapt to varying strategies, including dynamic fees, tailored rebates, and on-chain limit orders triggered by user-defined conditions. The intent was to give liquidity providers greater control and to optimize trading experiences across an expanding ecosystem of connected networks.
In addition to the feature set, the upgrade also reduced pool-creation costs by up to 99%, which PancakeSwap framed as a measure to encourage experimentation and liquidity provisioning across chains. The company stressed that Infinity was designed with flexibility in mind, enabling multiple liquidity approaches and enabling developers to customize pool behavior without sacrificing core usability.
Base, launched later in 2025, represented the project’s move onto another major Ethereum layer-2. On Base, PancakeSwap Infinity again marketed cost savings for traders, claiming that ether-based trades against ERC-20 tokens could be significantly cheaper. This expansion aligns with broader industry interest in scaling Ethereum-based assets and reducing friction for users who want to move assets between Layer 1 and Layer 2 ecosystems while maintaining efficient execution and competitive fees. The emphasis on Base reflects a broader trend of DeFi platforms extending their reach to Layer-2 networks in pursuit of higher throughput and lower costs for on-chain activity.
Throughout these developments, ERC-20 remains a central element in the cross-chain narrative, given its role as the primary token standard for assets minted on Ethereum and widely adopted across L2s and sidechains. The practical implications of this reality are clear: as more protocols enable cross-chain swaps and multi-network liquidity, the compatibility and security of ERC-20 contracts—along with the associated wallets and bridges—becomes an ever more critical factor for users and developers alike.
In this context, the licensing debate between Curve and PancakeSwap serves as a reminder that DeFi’s future depends not only on clever feature design but also on the governance, licensing, and security frameworks that enable collaboration across networks. The dynamics of cross-chain liquidity—and the legal and technical safeguards that protect it—will likely shape how other protocols approach similar integrations in the months ahead. The industry will be watching closely to see whether licensing discussions translate into formal agreements, and whether security practices evolve in step with the increasingly interconnected DeFi landscape.
Why it matters
What makes this dispute notable is its potential to influence the pace and direction of DeFi interoperability. Licensing friction, if not resolved, could slow down the adoption of shared code and cross-chain features, prompting projects to pursue bespoke solutions rather than open collaborations. Conversely, a constructive licensing outcome could establish a template for responsible code reuse, enabling faster deployment of complex liquidity primitives while maintaining safeguards for users.
Beyond licensing, the case spotlights the broader risk-management challenges in DeFi. As protocols push dynamic fee schemes, programmable pools, and cross-chain bridges, the importance of robust security practices and audited codebases becomes more pronounced. The references to Saddle Finance’s 2022 incident and Balancer’s 2025 exploit highlight the real costs of insufficient safeguards, reinforcing the view that risk assessment must accompany innovation. In short, the industry is weighing how to balance rapid iteration with disciplined, verifiable security and licensing processes that protect users and the broader ecosystem.
For builders, the episode reinforces the value of collaboration under clear, enforceable terms and the importance of pre-emptive security design when deploying reusable components. For investors and users, it underscores the ongoing need to assess not just the functionality of new features but also the licensing posture and risk controls that accompany them. As cross-chain ecosystems mature, the ability to navigate legal and technical risk will be as critical as the product features themselves.
What to watch next
- Public licensing negotiations between Curve and PancakeSwap: will a formal agreement or licensing framework emerge?
- Security reviews and audits of Infinity’s hooks and cross-chain components, including any new penetration testing results.
- Additional Infinity deployments on other networks and any changes to pool-creation economics or fee structures.
- Regulatory and governance developments that could influence how open-source DeFi code is shared and deployed across ecosystems.
Sources & verification
- Curve Finance X posts discussing licensing and collaboration for StableSwap features.
- Curve Finance X posts emphasizing the need for deep stableswap expertise for safe integration and safety considerations.
- PancakeSwap Infinity launch announcement and description of hooks and dynamic parameters.
- Cross-chain swap developments and the Base deployment, including cost-structure improvements.
- Historical references to Saddle Finance 2022 hack and Balancer’s $116 million exploit, cited as cautionary examples of swap-based code vulnerabilities.
Crypto World
Bitcoin Faucet Revival: Block Confirms April 6 Launch Date
TLDR:
- Block confirms its Bitcoin faucet launches April 6, allowing users to collect free satoshis online.
- The original Bitcoin faucet, created in 2010, distributed roughly 19,700 BTC before closing in 2012.
- Block cut 40% of its workforce to refocus on Bitcoin, using AI-driven workflows to sustain operations.
- Block’s product line now includes Cash App, Bitkey hardware wallet, and Proto Bitcoin mining systems.
Bitcoin faucet is making a notable comeback, and Jack Dorsey’s Block is driving the effort. The company has confirmed Monday, April 6, as the official launch date.
Users will collect satoshis for free, closely mirroring the original model from 2010. Block currently holds 8,883 BTC, valued at around $594 million, on its balance sheet.
The revival reflects the firm’s continued focus on Bitcoin education and broader adoption.
The Origins and Evolution of Bitcoin Faucets
The original Bitcoin faucet launched in 2010, created by developer Gavin Andresen. His goal was straightforward: educate newcomers and promote adoption of the emerging digital currency.
Each Bitcoin address could claim 5 BTC at the time by solving a basic CAPTCHA. Those coins would be worth more than $330,000 in today’s market, had early recipients held them.
The site ran for about two years before shutting down in 2012. Over that period, it distributed roughly 19,700 BTC to participants around the world.
Block’s Bitcoin-focused account recently confirmed the return of this concept with a brief post: “The bitcoin faucet is back. 04.06.26 From btc.day.” The date in the post corresponds directly to the Monday launch schedule.
Since the original faucet closed, others have continued the model across various platforms. Modern faucets now often support multiple cryptocurrencies beyond Bitcoin alone.
Many rely on advertising revenue and microwallets to deliver small rewards consistently to users. Reputable platforms offer a beginner-friendly path into crypto, though caution around scam faucets remains necessary.
Block’s version stands apart due to its institutional resources and Bitcoin-only focus. The firm’s substantial BTC balance sheet provides a solid foundation for sustaining the program.
Free satoshis lower the entry barrier for newcomers exploring the space for the first time. The launch directly continues the educational mission that Andresen put in motion over 15 years ago.
Block’s Internal Shift and Expanding Bitcoin Products
Block recently restructured by cutting more than 4,000 jobs, approximately 40% of its total workforce. Dorsey described the move as a necessary step to refocus on core Bitcoin initiatives.
The company now relies on AI-driven development workflows to maintain output with leaner teams. Automated agents actively support reduced engineering staff across multiple product lines.
Dorsey and board director Roelof Botha back what they describe as a mini-AGI vision for Block. Their position is that AI can effectively replace several layers of traditional corporate coordination.
Smaller, focused teams can then operate more efficiently than larger conventional organizations. Block sees this internal model as a competitive advantage moving forward.
Block’s product line now extends well beyond Cash App’s peer-to-peer payment features. Bitkey is a self-custody hardware wallet for users who prefer direct control over their own Bitcoin.
Proto offers a range of Bitcoin mining systems for individuals looking to join the network. Together, these products reinforce Block’s position as a full-service Bitcoin company.
The Bitcoin faucet launch ties directly into this expanding product ecosystem. New users who receive free satoshis may later turn to Bitkey for secure storage solutions.
Others could explore Proto as a natural pathway into Bitcoin mining. The April 6 launch connects these offerings through a shared and accessible onboarding strategy.
Crypto World
Bitcoin’s rangebound action could trigger bigger breakout, analyst says
Bitcoin has traded in a tight, directional lull, stubbornly holding below the $70,000 mark as traders await a decisive catalyst. With price action confined for weeks, analysts argue that the duration of this consolidation could magnify the eventual breakout, whichever direction it takes. Michael van de Poppe, founder of MN Trading Capital, framed the current phase as setting the stage for a potentially powerful move, noting that the longer the range persists, the more pronounced the ensuing breakout could be. He highlighted the key upside threshold of $71,000, a level Bitcoin hasn’t cleared since March 26, as a potential trigger for renewed momentum.
At the time of writing, Bitcoin was hovering around the mid-$60,000s, roughly $66,900, according to CoinMarketCap. That price sits within a broader range established since a February low near $60,000, with resistance near $74,000 forming the upper bound. Over the past 30 days, the largest cryptocurrency has slipped about 8% in value, underscoring a risk-off mood that has dominated the sector even as selective traders look for catalysts to spark a fresh leg higher. The market’s measured pace contrasts with the volatility that preceded the recent cycle, underscoring the need for a clear trigger to ignite a sustainable move.
Key takeaways
- Bitcoin remains trapped in a narrow trading range beneath $70,000, with the upper boundary around $74,000 and a near-term pivot at $71,000.
- Analyst Michael van de Poppe argues that a prolonged, quiet phase increases the potential magnitude of the next breakout, provided BTC can clear $71,000.
- Market sentiment remains deeply negative, with the Crypto Fear & Greed Index clustering in “Extreme Fear” at a score of 11, signaling subdued risk appetite.
- Contrasting views warn of the possibility of a deeper bear scenario driven by macro conditions, while others doubt fresh cycle highs will appear soon, potentially delaying new all-time highs beyond 2026.
Bitcoin’s rangebound reality and the near-term map
Since carving a yearly trough near $60,000 on Feb. 6, Bitcoin has traded within a relatively tight corridor—from roughly $60,000 up to the mid-$70,000s. The current stance around $66,900 illustrates a market that has not committed to a directional breakout, even as macro winds remain uncertain. The lack of a clear break above the late-M-March milestone of $71,000 adds to the sense that participants are waiting for a definitive signal rather than chasing incremental moves. Price action in such environments often punctuates with a single, decisive swing, but the timing and texture of that swing remain highly contingent on evolving macro data and liquidity conditions.
For traders, a close above $71,000 could reframe the near-term setup, potentially inviting renewed buying pressure. Yet the lack of sustained conviction in the broader market has kept traders cautious about extrapolating a rapid ascent. Observers note that while the long-run trend remains uncertain, the risk-reward dynamics during a breakout could be outsized if momentum shifts decisively in BTC’s favor.
Diverse voices: a spectrum of outcomes for Bitcoin
The debate among prominent market observers underpins the current mood. On the optimistic side, Michael van de Poppe argues that a drawn-out consolidation tends to precede a stronger breakout. In a post on X, he emphasized that “the longer it lasts, the heavier the breakout will be,” underscoring the idea that patience in the market could yield a more powerful move once a clear directional bias emerges. He pointed to a potential breakout through $71,000 as a critical inflection point that has lingered out of reach since late March. For traders aiming to capitalize on a shift in momentum, the path of least resistance appears to hinge on clearing that threshold with conviction and a commensurate rise in volume.
Not all voices share the same optimism. Willy Woo, a veteran on-chain analyst, has warned of the possibility of a deeper bear scenario, citing macro conditions that could undermine the secular bull narrative. In a post on X, Woo suggested that a breakdown in the broader macro environment could open the door to further downside pressure, even if a temporary bounce occurs in the short term. The caution reflects a broader concern that macro cycles and liquidity dynamics can override intra-market signals during times of global financial stress.
Another seasoned price commentator, Peter Brandt, recently offered a longer-horizon view that challenges the likelihood of new Bitcoin highs within 2026. Brandt indicated that, based on his assessment of historical cycles and macro considerations, a fresh cycle peak might be more plausible in 2027 rather than this year. His perspective helps contextualize the divergence between near-term price action and longer-term expectations, illustrating how different time horizons can yield contrasting conclusions about Bitcoin’s trajectory.
The juxtaposition of these viewpoints—range-based patience from some, macro-driven caution from others, and longer-horizon skepticism from veteran traders—illustrates that the market awaits a decisive catalyst before committing to a new directional wave. In such environments, liquidity, macro indicators, and regulatory developments often serve as the catalysts that tip the balance.
Sentiment, risk appetite, and what to watch next
The current mood in crypto markets is reflected in sentiment gauges, with the Crypto Fear & Greed Index lingering in the deepest levels of fear. A reading of 11 out of 100 signals a risk-off stance among participants and elevated caution around new allocations to risk assets. This backdrop suggests that even a constructive technical setup could be tempered by a cautious macro stance, as traders seek higher confidence before committing capital to a run of gains.
As the narrative unfolds, traders will likely monitor a handful of near-term triggers. A clean close above $71,000 on strong volume could rekindle upside momentum and draw in short-term momentum players. Conversely, a break decisively below the February low near $60,000 could sharpen downside pressure and renew talk of deeper retracements. Beyond price levels, macro developments—such as shifts in liquidity conditions, inflation data, and policy signals—will shape Bitcoin’s path more than any single technical pattern in the days ahead.
In the broader context, the debate around Bitcoin’s next major move remains unresolved. While some analysts anticipate an imminent uplift, others highlight the weight of macro forces that could extend the bear phase. The coming weeks will be telling as market participants weigh technical cues against macro realities and continue to parse signals from on-chain activity, derivatives positioning, and cross-asset liquidity flows.
For readers and participants, the key takeaway is that the near-term outlook hinges on a catalyst capable of turning a range into a directional move. Whether that catalyst arrives in the form of a sustained break above $71,000, a decisive break below $60,000, or a macro development that reorders risk sentiment, the market’s next leg will likely be driven by a combination of price action, volume, and external factors rather than a single indicator.
As markets monitor these dynamics, investors should stay alert to potential shifts in liquidity and risk appetite that could accelerate Bitcoin’s next chapter. The coming sessions will reveal whether the current consolidation is merely a pause before a new leg higher, or a precursor to a deeper restructuring of the market’s macro regime.
Crypto World
Naoris Launches First NIST-Approved Quantum-Resistant BC
Naoris Protocol has gone live with its quantum-resistant blockchain mainnet, becoming the first Layer 1 network built entirely on post-quantum cryptography approved by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology — a milestone arriving as researchers shorten timelines for a threat that could compromise Bitcoin and Ethereum.
Summary
- Naoris Protocol launched its quantum-resistant mainnet on April 1, 2026, using NIST-approved post-quantum cryptography standards finalized in August 2024
- The testnet phase processed over 106 million post-quantum transactions and mitigated more than 603 million security threats, with over one million security nodes activated globally
- The NAORIS token carries a market cap of approximately $36 million at launch; the network is in an invite-only phase for validator operators
“Mainnet represents the transition from proof-of-concept to production infrastructure. The network has already validated over 100 million transactions using post-quantum cryptography. That is not a roadmap promise; it is measured, operational capacity,” said Nathaniel Szerezla, Chief Growth Officer of Naoris Protocol.
The mainnet runs on NIST’s ML-DSA algorithm — the standardized version of CRYSTALS-Dilithium, published as FIPS 204 — for all transaction signatures. The system enforces an “irreversible security transition”: once a user adopts post-quantum keys, the protocol automatically blocks any subsequent transaction attempts using classical cryptographic methods.
The Quantum Insider confirmed that the launch is directly timed to accelerating regulatory pressure: Google published research in late March 2026 estimating that breaking Bitcoin’s elliptic curve cryptography would require fewer than 500,000 qubits — far below previous estimates — while Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin outlined a quantum migration plan in February 2026.
Why Timing Matters
NIST finalized its post-quantum cryptographic standards in August 2024. The European Commission has mandated member states begin national post-quantum strategies by 2026, with full migration required by 2035. The White House’s National Cybersecurity Strategy in March 2026 accelerated federal adoption of post-quantum cryptography.
Industry analysts have warned that approximately 4.5 million Bitcoin sit in addresses with exposed public keys, potentially vulnerable once quantum capability reaches the necessary threshold. Naoris Protocol’s CEO first outlined this threat model in detail, warning that “harvest now, decrypt later” attacks are already underway — meaning encrypted data is being collected today in anticipation of future decryption capability.
What the Network Offers
Naoris operates as a Sub-Zero Layer — infrastructure positioned beneath traditional L1 and L2 networks, designed to secure validators, wallets, exchanges, DeFi protocols, and cross-chain bridges. Users who move assets to Naoris receive quantum-resistant protection; assets remaining on classical chains stay exposed.
“Assets moved to Naoris become quantum-secure, while assets left on classical chains remain vulnerable. The earlier users migrate, the smaller their exposure window,” Szerezla told Decrypt. In September 2025, Naoris was cited in an SEC research submission as the reference model for the Post-Quantum Financial Infrastructure Framework (PQFIF).
Crypto World
Crypto Custody Gets a Boost as Coinbase Advances Toward U.S. National Trust Status
Coinbase has secured conditional approval from the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency for a national trust charter. The decision signals progress toward federal oversight of its custody business and strengthens its position in institutional crypto infrastructure.
Coinbase Moves Toward Federal Custody Framework
Bitcoin traded near $68,000 as markets absorbed regulatory developments in the United States. Meanwhile, Coinbase advanced its institutional strategy with a key approval milestone. The company aims to expand federally supervised custody services.
The OCC granted conditional approval for Coinbase National Trust Company after reviewing its application. The regulator outlined requirements that Coinbase must meet before receiving full authorization. These conditions include compliance systems, governance frameworks, and risk controls.
The approval does not permit deposit-taking or lending activities under the trust structure. Instead, Coinbase will focus on custody, staking, and fiduciary services for institutions. This model aligns with existing trust company frameworks used in financial markets.
Conditions Highlight Compliance and Risk Controls
Coinbase must satisfy several operational and regulatory conditions before launching the trust entity. These include anti-money laundering programs and know-your-customer procedures. The company must also meet capital and liquidity standards set by regulators.
Additionally, Coinbase needs to demonstrate strong governance and internal risk management systems. The OCC requires an operating agreement that defines oversight and reporting obligations. Only after meeting these conditions will the regulator grant full approval.
The timeline for completion remains uncertain, although similar approvals took several months. Coinbase filed its application in October 2025, and the review extended beyond earlier cases. The scale of assets under custody likely influenced the extended review process.
Institutional Demand Drives Charter Strategy
Ethereum traded near $3,400 as institutional participation continued to expand across digital asset markets. Meanwhile, Coinbase reported hundreds of billions in assets under custody. This scale highlights its importance in institutional crypto infrastructure.
The company already serves as custodian for several U.S. spot Bitcoin exchange-traded funds. A federal charter would enhance its credibility among pension funds and asset managers. These clients often require federally regulated counterparties for custody services.
Moreover, the charter enables Coinbase to operate under a unified national regulatory framework. This reduces reliance on state-level licensing systems such as those in New York. It also simplifies compliance across multiple jurisdictions.
Regulatory Context and Industry Competition
Ripple Labs, Circle, and Paxos have also received similar conditional approvals. The OCC has expanded its oversight of crypto-native firms through these charters. Each company must independently meet pre-opening conditions before operating.
At the same time, Binance continues to lead in global trading volumes. However, Coinbase holds a significant share of institutional custody assets. This distinction reinforces its focus on regulated financial infrastructure.
The broader regulatory environment remains complex, with ongoing debates in Congress over digital asset legislation. Coinbase has also engaged in legal actions to defend certain product offerings. These developments reflect evolving oversight across the crypto sector.
Crypto World
Tether May Delay Fundraising If Demand Falls Short at $500B Valuation
Tether is pressuring investors to commit to a fundraising round at a $500 billion valuation within the next two weeks, saying that it may delay the raise if demand falls short.
The El Salvador-based firm has been seeking fresh capital since late last year but has faced resistance from investors wary of the valuation, The Information reported Friday, citing unnamed sources. If commitments fall short of expectations, the company is likely to delay the raise.
The $500 billion target would place Tether among the world’s largest financial firms, exceeding every US bank except JPMorgan Chase. JPMorgan, the largest bank in the world, has a market capitalization of about $794.55 billion, while the second-largest bank in the country, Bank of America, has a market cap of $352.86 billion.
Tether’s USDt (USDT) stablecoin, the world’s largest stablecoin, currently has a market cap of $184 billion. The company’s other top products include Tether Gold (XAUt) and Tether EURt (EURt), pegged to the euro.
Related: Stablecoin supply reaches $315B in Q1 as USDC rises, USDT declines
Tether explores fundraising
In September last year, Bloomberg reported that Tether was exploring a fundraising round of up to $20 billion that could value the company at around $500 billion. The firm was considering raising $15 billion to $20 billion through a private placement for roughly a 3% stake, with Cantor Fitzgerald acting as lead adviser.
Following the report, CEO Paolo Ardoino said on X that the company was exploring a raise from a select group of investors to expand across “existing and new business lines (stablecoins, distribution ubiquity, AI, commodity trading, energy, communications, media) by several orders of magnitude.”
However, in a comment to Cointelegraph in February, Ardoino denied reports that it planned to raise up to $20 billion, saying earlier figures were hypothetical scenarios rather than an active fundraising plan. Still, he defended the $500 billion valuation, comparing the company’s profits to AI platforms such as OpenAI.
Cointelegraph reached out to Tether for comment, but did not get a response by publication.
Related: Tether says ‘Big Four‘ firm to handle first full audit of USDT reserves
Tether taps KPMG for first full audit od USDt
Meanwhile, Tether has reportedly hired KPMG to conduct its first full audit of USDt’s financial statements, with PwC assisting in preparing internal systems, according to the Financial Times. The move follows years of relying on reserve attestations from BDO Italia rather than a comprehensive audit.
A full audit would go beyond reserve snapshots to examine assets, liabilities and internal controls across Tether’s balance sheet.
Magazine: Bitcoin may take 7 years to upgrade to post-quantum — BIP-360 co-author
Crypto World
Bitcoin Whales, Sharks Realized $337M in Daily Losses in Q1 2026
Bitcoin (BTC) traders holding 100–10,000 BTC realized losses at an average of $337 million per day in Q1 2026, the worst quarter since 2022, according to data from Glassnode.
Key takeaways:
-
Bitcoin dropped more than 20% after whales last realized losses at a comparable pace in 2022.
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Long-term holders are also selling at a loss, indicating capitulation and potentially more downside in price.
BTC whales, sharks realized $30.91 billion loss in 2026
Realized Loss tracks the total dollar value of losses locked in when BTC is sold on-chain below its purchase price. In 2026, two significant wallet cohorts show signs of capitulation.
They are addresses holding 100–1,000 BTC, or “sharks” that often represent mid-sized funds or wealthy investors, and those holding 1,000–10,000 BTC, which are considered whale-sized entities.
In Q1, Bitcoin’s sharks (yellow) realized losses at an average of $188.5 million per day, while whales (orange) comprised another $147.5 million daily.

Combined, these large entities have locked in roughly $30.91 billion in realized losses so far in 2026.
Bitcoin’s realized losses in Q1 2026 for these high-net-worth entities rank among the most severe on record, trailing only Q2 2022’s roughly $396 million daily average.

In Q2 2022, BTC’s price dropped by over 50% and another 20% by the year’s end. It kept falling as the Terra collapse, Celsius freeze, and Three Arrows failure triggered panic across crypto, draining liquidity and confidence.

In 2026, pressure on Bitcoin has come from different sources, including Iran war-driven inflation fears, quantum-security risk, and broader stress in the AI-led risk trade.
Related: Bitcoin supply in profit heads to ‘true bear market’ levels
Therefore, whales and sharks are cutting their losses now because they expect the Bitcoin price to drop further as macro risks mount. This sentiment raises the odds of a 2022-like bear market, with a bottom in Q4 2026.
Bitcoin’s long-term holders add to downside risks
Another sign that Bitcoin’s sell-off may not be over comes from Glassnode’s Long-Term Holder Realized Loss chart, which tracks losses locked in by investors who held coins for more than six months before selling.
That figure remains elevated at around $200 million per day on a 30-day average basis since November 2025.

“A meaningful cooldown toward levels below $25M per day would represent a more compelling signal of exhaustion in selling pressure,” Glassnode analysts said in their weekly report published on Wednesday, adding:
“A prerequisite for the base formation that historically precedes a sustainable bull market transition.”
Together, these headwinds have already fueled calls for a deeper BTC correction, with some analysts pointing to the $40,000–$50,000 range as a possible bottom.
This article is produced in accordance with Cointelegraph’s Editorial Policy and is intended for informational purposes only. It does not constitute investment advice or recommendations. All investments and trades carry risk; readers are encouraged to conduct independent research before making any decisions. Cointelegraph makes no guarantees regarding the accuracy or completeness of the information presented, including forward-looking statements, and will not be liable for any loss or damage arising from reliance on this content.
Crypto World
Coinbase CEO Brian Armstrong Pledges Direct Involvement in Bitcoin’s Quantum Defense Strategy
Quick Overview
- A recent Google Quantum AI study indicates next-generation quantum machines could extract Bitcoin private keys from public keys in approximately 9 minutes
- Approximately 6.9 million BTC (nearly one-third of total circulation) remain in addresses with publicly visible keys, creating significant exposure
- With Bitcoin’s typical block validation taking ~10 minutes, attackers could have roughly a 41% success rate intercepting transactions
- Brian Armstrong, Coinbase’s CEO, has committed to direct involvement in developing quantum-resistant Bitcoin protocols with urgency
- Cryptocurrencies built with quantum resistance saw substantial gains: QRL climbed 51%, while Algorand rose 42% within a week
A groundbreaking study released by Google this week suggests that advanced quantum computing technology could potentially compromise the cryptographic foundations securing Bitcoin wallets. The research, issued by Google’s Quantum AI team on March 31, triggered significant concern across cryptocurrency communities.
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Bitcoin’s price hovered around $66,900 when the study became public knowledge. Market sentiment deteriorated sharply, with the Crypto Fear and Greed Index plummeting to 11—firmly within “extreme fear” range.
The vulnerability stems from Bitcoin’s transaction architecture. During a transaction, your wallet generates a cryptographic signature using your private key. This process necessarily reveals your public key to the network, where it remains visible in the mempool—a waiting area for unconfirmed transactions.
Currently, reversing a private key from its public counterpart remains computationally impossible within practical timeframes. However, Google’s findings suggest that sufficiently powerful quantum computers employing established algorithms could accomplish this feat in roughly nine minutes.
Bitcoin transaction confirmations average approximately 10 minutes per block. This narrow window creates a theoretical vulnerability where quantum-equipped attackers would possess about a 41% probability of intercepting funds during transaction processing.
According to Google’s calculations, executing such an attack would require under 500,000 physical qubits. Currently, the most sophisticated quantum processors contain approximately 1,000 qubits.
The More Pressing Danger: Permanently Visible Keys
While the nine-minute attack scenario captures attention, cybersecurity experts emphasize that a more immediate risk already exists on the blockchain itself.
Research suggests that roughly 6.9 million Bitcoin—representing about one-third of total supply—reside in addresses where public keys remain permanently exposed. This category encompasses legacy-era addresses and any wallet that has recycled addresses.
These holdings face heightened vulnerability because attackers wouldn’t face time constraints. Instead, they could systematically target exposed keys without deadline pressure.
Bitcoin’s Taproot implementation in 2021 inadvertently expanded this risk by defaulting to on-chain public key visibility, thereby increasing the pool of susceptible wallets.
Among these exposed assets are approximately 1.1 million BTC believed to belong to Satoshi Nakamoto, Bitcoin’s enigmatic founder.
How the Crypto Sector Is Responding
Brian Armstrong, CEO of Coinbase, issued a response within hours of the paper’s publication. He announced his personal commitment to addressing the challenge and emphasized the need for action “sooner rather than later.” Coinbase is currently organizing a coalition of Bitcoin core developers to facilitate transitioning toward quantum-secure cryptographic standards.
Blockstream Research highlighted ongoing post-quantum initiatives already in development on the Liquid sidechain network.
Not all industry figures view the situation as critical. Grayscale characterized the quantum concerns as a “red herring,” arguing that quantum computers capable of breaking Bitcoin’s security would equally compromise global banking systems and internet infrastructure. Changpeng Zhao, former Binance CEO, expressed confidence that cryptocurrency would “adapt and survive.”
The National Institute of Standards and Technology has already released post-quantum cryptographic standards that Bitcoin developers could implement. Bitcoin Improvement Proposal BIP-360 provides a potential migration framework, though implementing consensus changes across Bitcoin’s decentralized architecture presents considerable challenges.
Bitcoin’s proof-of-work mining relies on SHA-256, an algorithm that remains resistant to quantum computing attacks using known methodologies. Block production would continue unaffected.
Cryptocurrencies designed with quantum resistance experienced notable price appreciation following the announcement. QRL surged 51% over the past seven days. Algorand, referenced 32 times in Google’s paper for its post-quantum research contributions, gained 42% during the same period.
Crypto World
Circle Faces Heat From ZachXBT Over Inaction
Blockchain investigator ZachXBT has publicly accused Circle of failing to freeze stolen USDC as it moved through the company’s own cross-chain infrastructure during the $285 million Drift Protocol exploit on April 1, 2026 — raising pointed questions about when and why the stablecoin issuer chooses to exercise its freeze authority.
Summary
- The Drift Protocol hack on April 1 is the largest DeFi exploit of 2026, draining over $285 million from the Solana-based perpetual futures exchange
- The attacker bridged approximately $232 million in USDC from Solana to Ethereum via Circle’s CCTP across more than 100 transactions over six consecutive hours with no action from Circle
- ZachXBT’s broader filing lists 15 cases totaling over $420 million in alleged Circle compliance failures since 2022
The April 1 attack on Drift, a Solana-based decentralized perpetuals exchange, was flagged by security firm PeckShield. Using a manipulated oracle and compromised admin key, the attacker drained Drift’s main vault in approximately 12 minutes, according to blockchain analytics firm Arkham. Drift’s total value locked fell from roughly $550 million to under $300 million within an hour. The DRIFT token dropped more than 40%. Over ten additional Solana protocols reported disruption.
After converting most of the stolen assets to USDC, the attacker used Circle’s Cross-Chain Transfer Protocol (CCTP) to bridge approximately $232 million from Solana to Ethereum across more than 100 transactions — over six consecutive hours during U.S. business hours.
“Circle was asleep while many millions of USDC were swapped via CCTP from Solana to Ethereum for hours from the 9-figure Drift hack during US hours,” ZachXBT wrote on X.
The criticism cuts sharper given the timing. Just nine days earlier, on March 23, Circle froze USDC across 16 unrelated business hot wallets — including one belonging to the DFINITY Foundation — as part of a sealed U.S. civil case. ZachXBT called that freeze “potentially the single most incompetent” action he had witnessed in five years of on-chain investigations.
The contrast — aggressive action against legitimate businesses, inaction during a confirmed nine-figure exploit transiting Circle’s own bridge — has reignited debate over how centralized stablecoin governance actually works in practice. Security researcher Specter noted the attacker deliberately avoided converting funds to Tether’s USDT, appearing confident Circle would not intervene.
Circle’s Defense
Circle responded: “Circle is a regulated company that complies with sanctions, law enforcement orders, and court-mandated requirements. We freeze assets when legally required, consistent with the rule of law and with strong protections for user rights and privacy.”
Salman Banei, general counsel at Plume, warned that freezing assets without authorization could expose Circle to legal liability. Ben Levit, CEO of stablecoin ratings agency Bluechip, described the situation as “a gray area,” noting this was an oracle exploit rather than a clean hack. Blockchain analytics firm Elliptic identified multiple indicators suggesting North Korean hackers were responsible for the Drift exploit.
As crypto hack losses had moderated significantly in the months preceding this incident, the $285 million Drift hack marks a stark reversal — and the Circle debate it has sparked may have lasting implications for how the broader stablecoin regulatory framework is written, particularly around freeze authority and issuer accountability.
Crypto World
Tether could pause raise if $500B target misses demand
Tether is again in focus after a report said it may delay a planned fundraising round if investors do not support a $500 billion valuation.
Summary
- Tether is seeking investor commitments for a fundraising round at a reported $500 billion valuation.
- The company may delay the raise if investor demand does not meet expectations, reports said.
- Reports also said Tether hired KPMG for its first full audit of USDt financial statements.
The reported timeline and target have added fresh attention to the stablecoin issuer’s growth plans, valuation goals, and audit efforts.
A Friday report said Tether is pushing investors to commit to a fundraising round at a $500 billion valuation within the next two weeks. The report added that the company may postpone the raise if demand does not meet expectations.
The El Salvador-based firm has reportedly been seeking new capital since late 2025. However, some investors have shown caution over the proposed valuation. The reported target would place Tether among the world’s largest financial firms if the raise moves forward on those terms.
The reported $500 billion valuation would place Tether above every US bank except JPMorgan Chase. JPMorgan’s market value stands near $794.55 billion, while Bank of America’s market value is about $352.86 billion, based on figures cited in the report.
Tether’s main product, USDt, remains the largest stablecoin by market value, with a market cap of about $184 billion. The company also offers other products, including Tether Gold and Tether EURt. The fundraising talks show how Tether is trying to expand beyond stablecoins into several other business areas.
In September 2025, Bloomberg reported that Tether was exploring a raise of up to $20 billion. That report said the company was looking at a private placement for about a 3% stake, with Cantor Fitzgerald acting as lead adviser.
Later, Tether chief executive Paolo Ardoino said on X that the company was exploring a raise from a select group of investors to grow across “existing and new business lines.” In February, Ardoino pushed back on claims that Tether had an active plan to raise up to $20 billion, saying earlier figures reflected hypothetical scenarios.
Audit effort adds another layer
At the same time, reports said Tether has hired KPMG for its first full audit of USDt’s financial statements. PwC is helping the company prepare its internal systems for that process.
Tether has long relied on reserve attestations from BDO Italia rather than a full audit. A full audit would examine assets, liabilities, and internal controls across the balance sheet, rather than only providing reserve snapshots. The reported move comes as the company faces close scrutiny over both its valuation plans and financial reporting.
Crypto World
Schwab Preps Spot Bitcoin and Ether Trading
Charles Schwab has confirmed it remains on track to launch direct spot trading for Bitcoin and Ether in the first half of 2026, opening one of the largest pools of investor capital in the world to direct crypto access for the first time.
Summary
- Schwab confirmed a spot Bitcoin and Ether trading launch in H1 2026 through its Charles Schwab Premier Bank unit
- The firm manages nearly $12.2 trillion in client assets across approximately 46 million brokerage accounts and has opened a waitlist for early access
- CEO Rick Wurster first signaled the move in mid-2025 and confirmed a phased Q2 rollout in March 2026 remarks to Barron’s
A Schwab spokesperson confirmed to multiple outlets: “We remain on track to launch our spot crypto offer in the first half of 2026, starting with bitcoin and ether.” The service, branded as “Schwab Crypto,” will be operated through Charles Schwab Premier Bank, SSB — a regulated banking subsidiary.
Clients will trade Bitcoin and Ether directly within their standard brokerage accounts, without a separate wallet or third-party exchange. Schwab will process orders internally. The rollout will be phased: internal employee testing first, followed by invited clients, before full public availability. Early access is currently limited to U.S. residents, excluding New York and Louisiana.
Yahoo Finance reports that Bitcoin was trading near $66,864 at the time of the announcement, down approximately 47% from its all-time high of $126,080. Ether changed hands near $2,052, roughly 59% below its August 2025 peak.
TradFi Moves In
Schwab has been working toward this moment for several years, citing regulatory uncertainty as the primary obstacle. With the Trump administration rolling back SEC accounting restrictions and the Federal Reserve loosening bank crypto guidelines, the path cleared. Schwab reported a 400% increase in traffic to its crypto site in 2025, with 70% coming from non-clients — a signal of untapped demand the firm is now moving to capture.
The competitive implications for the crypto exchange landscape are significant. Analysts have noted that Schwab’s scale could allow it to undercut competitors on fees, potentially reshaping the retail crypto trading market. Morgan Stanley is also preparing a comparable launch through its E*TRADE platform. Schwab has additionally indicated plans to introduce a stablecoin product following the passage of the GENIUS Act.
Market Relevance
The firm already offers cryptocurrency-linked ETFs, Bitcoin futures contracts, and the Schwab Crypto Thematic Index ETF. Spot trading is the next step in a deliberate, regulated build-out. CEO Wurster said the company is “ready to compete in spot Bitcoin and Ethereum trading,” a statement that carries weight given Schwab’s 46 million existing brokerage relationships — a potential distribution advantage that no crypto-native exchange can replicate.
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