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Etherfi, Scroll’s Top Fee-Generator, Leaves for Optimism

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Both etherfi and Optimism described the transition as a long-term partnership.

Decentralized neobank and crypto card issuer etherfi is leaving Scroll for Optimism, taking with it millions of dollars in total value locked and monthly fees generated on Scroll, data shows.

In an X post on Wednesday, Feb. 18, etherfi said it plans to move its Cash accounts and card program from Scroll to Optimism’s OP Mainnet, migrating more than 70,000 active cards, roughly 300,000 user accounts, and nearly $160 million in TVL in the coming months.

With etherfi, Scroll’s own TVL is only around $188 million as of today, Feb. 19, per data from DefiLlama.

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Top protocols by monthly average 1Y fees on Scroll. Source: DefiLlama

The decision marks a clear break from Scroll, an Ethereum ZK rollup, where etherfi was the dominant consumer-facing app. According to data from DefiLlama, as of today, EtherFi Cash, the company’s crypto card and digital account product, accounted for roughly $13.2 million in annualized fees, and over $23,000 in the past 24 hours.

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Scroll dApps by daily fees paid. Source: DefiLlama

For comparison, Aave V3, the second-largest protocol on Scroll by annual fees, boasts only around $564,000 over the past year, meaning EtherFi Cash produced nearly 23 times more in fees.

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Etherfi’s fees and TVL since launch in 2025. Source: DefiLlama

Since launching its Cash product in September 2024, the company says it has processed more than $265 million in card spend, positioning the service as one of the largest non-custodial crypto card programs currently in operation, the firm noted in its X post announcing the migration.

‘Long-Term Partnership’

Per its post, etherfi is framing the transition as a “long-term partnership,” pointing to deeper liquidity, broader DeFi integrations and native stablecoin support on Optimism.

In commentary for The Defiant, etherfi co-founder Rok Kopp explained that Optimism “has been one of the pioneers of the L2 space and Ethereum scaling solutions more broadly, and the Superchain has powered many of the most widely used blockchain products in the world.”

Kopp added:

“We are excited to build on battle tested, cost efficient infrastructure we know we can scale effectively on. Working with the OP Labs team has been our pleasure, and we believe our collaboration can help propel the DeFi neobanking space to new heights”

Optimism, for its part, also described the migration in a Feb. 18 blog post as a “long-term OP Enterprise partnership” aimed at scaling on-chain payments.

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With its leading fee-generating dApp departing, Scroll now faces losing a big chunk of its revenue.

The Defiant reached out to etherfi and Scroll for comments on the move, but hasn’t heard back by press time.

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Crypto World

Aave V3 Avoided Unrecovered Bad Debt From 2023 to 2025: Study

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Aave V3 Avoided Unrecovered Bad Debt From 2023 to 2025: Study

A Bank of Canada staff paper found that Aave V3 reported zero non-performing loans in 2024, with overcollateralization and automated liquidations helping prevent lender losses in its Ethereum lending market.

Using transaction-level data from Jan. 27, 2023, to May 6, 2025, the study found that positions were typically liquidated before collateral values fell below outstanding debt, helping contain lender losses across the sample.

But the model came with a tradeoff, the paper said. While it protected lenders from unrecovered losses, it also shifted risk onto borrowers and constrained capital efficiency compared with traditional lending systems.

According to the paper, Aave V3’s design relies on automated risk controls rather than traditional underwriting, requiring borrowers to post more collateral than they borrow and liquidating positions when they breach risk thresholds.

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Daily lending earnings, circulating supply, and borrowing volumes (USD) on Aave V3. Source: Bank of Canada

Recursive leverage fueled borrowing demand

According to the paper, Aave V3’s lending activity was not driven solely by users seeking liquidity. It found that recursive leverage accounted for over 20% of total borrowed volume and 8.2% of borrowing transactions during the sample period. 

Recursive leverage involves repeatedly borrowing against collateral, redeploying the borrowed assets as new collateral and borrowing again to amplify exposure.

Related: Aave V4 goes live on Ethereum after governance vote clears rollout

The study said the dynamic made borrowers more exposed when markets turned. According to the paper, liquidations on Aave V3 tended to occur in concentrated waves, with four assets accounting for 90% of total liquidated value. 

This includes Wrapped Ether (WETH), Wrapped Staked Ether (wstETH), Wrapped Bitcoin (WBTC) and Wrapped eETH (weETH).

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The paper estimated that borrower losses during major liquidation events could be significant. It said liquidation fees typically ranged from 5% to 10% of liquidated value, while missed gains from subsequent price recoveries pushed combined losses to about 10% to 30% in some cases. 

The staff paper suggested that while the design for Aave V3 helped prevent unrecovered bad debt in the sample, it did so by exposing borrowers to abrupt losses when collateral prices fell sharply. 

Cointelegraph reached out to Aave for comment but did not receive a response before publication.

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