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Federal Reserve Rate Hike Probability Surges to 25% as Iran Conflict Escalates Oil Prices

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odds of a Fed rate hike

Key Takeaways

  • Bank of America analysts suggest Federal Reserve could increase interest rates if ongoing Iran conflict pushes crude oil beyond the $80 threshold
  • Rate hike probability has surged to 25% by year-end, jumping from virtually zero just five days earlier
  • Federal Reserve Chairman Powell indicated rate reductions remain off the table without demonstrable inflation improvements
  • Bitcoin faces significant headwinds, battling to maintain the $70,000 support level amid growing macroeconomic uncertainty
  • Typically dovish Fed Governor Chris Waller shifted his stance, voting to maintain current rates citing escalating inflation concerns

The Federal Reserve’s policy trajectory has undergone a dramatic reversal. Market expectations have flipped from anticipating rate reductions just days ago to seriously considering the prospect of monetary tightening for the first time in years.

This remarkable transformation stems from escalating U.S.-Iran tensions that erupted on February 28, driving crude oil prices upward and reigniting inflation anxieties. Bank of America’s analysis identifies three critical catalysts that could trigger a Fed rate increase: continued labor market resilience, Jerome Powell’s extended tenure as Federal Reserve chair beyond current expectations, and persistent oil price elevation driven by Middle East conflict.

According to BofA strategists, the likelihood of tightening intensifies significantly should oil prices sustain levels above $80 per barrel. Recent weeks have seen crude trading consistently near this critical threshold.

Powell’s Recent Commentary

During this week’s FOMC press conference, Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell emphasized that rate reductions will not materialize without concrete evidence of inflation moderation. While he avoided explicitly forecasting a rate increase, Powell acknowledged such action doesn’t represent the consensus baseline among policymakers.

Powell further disclosed he may remain in his current position until his anticipated successor, Kevin Warsh, completes the Senate confirmation process. This timeline remains uncertain. Should Powell continue leading the Fed through the June FOMC meeting while Iran-related oil price pressures persist, the case for tightening could strengthen considerably.

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Market pricing reflected zero expectation of rate increases just five days ago. Current CME FedWatch interest rate futures now indicate approximately 25% probability of a hike materializing by December. This represents an extraordinary sentiment shift over an exceptionally brief period.

Polymarket prediction markets show 35% odds that the Federal Reserve implements zero rate cuts throughout 2024. The probability of an outright rate hike has climbed to 19%, nearly doubling from the 8% level recorded when the conflict initially erupted.

odds of a Fed rate hike
Source: Polymarket

Cryptocurrency Market Response

Bitcoin is experiencing considerable strain. The leading cryptocurrency has encountered difficulty maintaining the $70,000 level as inflation concerns mount and rate cut expectations evaporate. The aggregate cryptocurrency market capitalization declined from an intraday peak of $2.4 trillion to $2.37 trillion within a single trading session.

Crypto assets experienced a temporary relief bounce before resuming their downward trajectory alongside equity markets. Two-year Treasury yields surged to 3.89%, marking the widest spread above the Fed’s policy rate in three years. This development signals bond market participants are incorporating expectations of tighter monetary conditions ahead.

Polymarket data indicates the probability of a U.S.-Iran ceasefire has declined to 42%, suggesting traders anticipate continued conflict.

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Fed Governor Chris Waller, who previously advocated for rate cuts following a disappointing February employment report, reversed his position this week. He cited elevated inflation risks connected to the Iran situation as the decisive factor in his vote to maintain current rates. Waller emphasized the prudence of adopting a wait-and-see approach before committing to any policy easing measures.

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Crypto World

Crypto market recap: What happened today?

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Crypto market recap: What happened today?

The crypto market saw several important developments today, including a warning from Hong Kong authorities about cryptocurrency scams, a new filing from Grayscale for a crypto-based ETF, and progress on the CLARITY Act in the U.S. Here’s a quick overview of the major events.

Summary

  • Hong Kong senior lost HK$6.6M in three crypto scams involving fake experts.
  • Grayscale files for HYPE ETF, offering exposure to Hyperliquid’s token.
  • US lawmakers near agreement to regulate stablecoin yield to protect banks.

Hong Kong police warn after senior man falls victim to scams

Hong Kong’s Police Cyber Crime Bureau issued a warning today after a 66-year-old retired man lost HK$6.6 million to three separate cryptocurrency scams. According to reports, the elderly victim was first contacted in September 2025 by a fraudster claiming to be a cryptocurrency expert. The scammer convinced the victim to invest, promising guaranteed profits. The man transferred HK$1.4 million to the fraudster, only to realize later that he had been tricked.

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Undeterred, the victim sought help from another fraudster posing as an expert to recover his losses. However, after paying a deposit of 600,000 yuan, the second fraudster also disappeared. In January of this year, the victim was once again approached by a scammer claiming to recover the previous losses. This time, the fraudster instructed the victim to purchase cryptocurrency worth 4.6 million yuan, which the victim did. Once again, the scammer vanished, leaving the man without his entire life savings.

Grayscale files for HYPE ETF linked to Hyperliquid token

In other news, Grayscale filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission to launch an exchange-traded fund (ETF) tied to Hyperliquid’s native token, HYPE. The proposed Grayscale HYPE ETF, if approved, would allow investors to gain exposure to the token’s price movement without holding the token directly.

Hyperliquid is a blockchain platform focused on decentralized perpetual futures trading. The proposed ETF would initially track the price of HYPE, with the potential for staking to be added later. Grayscale’s move adds to a growing list of firms exploring investment products tied to newer digital assets like HYPE, as interest in crypto ETFs continues to expand beyond Bitcoin and Ethereum.

U.S. lawmakers work on stablecoin yield agreement

Meanwhile, in the United States, progress on the CLARITY Act is moving forward. Reports suggest that lawmakers are close to a tentative agreement on stablecoin yield, a key issue that has slowed the progress of the cryptocurrency market structure bill earlier this year.

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The proposed agreement would address concerns over stablecoin yield and its potential impact on bank deposits. If passed, the legislation could regulate how stablecoin issuers offer yield to their holders. The deal aims to protect innovation while limiting the risk of deposit flight from the banking system. It could be a significant step forward in regulating digital assets and stabilizing the U.S. crypto market.

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Bitcoin Mining Difficulty Drops 7.7% in Biggest Cut Since February

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Bitcoin Mining Difficulty Drops 7.7% in Biggest Cut Since February

Bitcoin’s mining difficulty fell by around 7.7% at the latest adjustment on March 20 to 133.79 trillion at block 941,472, the sharpest drop since February, according to CoinWarz data.

The latest move takes difficulty down from around 145 trillion in mid-March and roughly 148 trillion at the start of the year. A lower difficulty means it takes less computational work to earn the same block reward, slightly improving revenue per unit of hashrate for firms that stay online.

The adjustment followed slower-than-target block production over the prior 2,016 blocks. CloverPool data showed average block times at about 12 minutes 36 seconds, well above Bitcoin’s 10-minute target, forcing the network to recalibrate lower.

In February, difficulty dropped sharply after weather-related disruptions in the United States temporarily knocked large American mining facilities offline, and it later rebounded by about 15% as hashrate returned to the network once power conditions normalized. 

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Bitcoin (BTC) difficulty measures how hard it is for miners to find a valid hash for the next block and is automatically adjusted to keep issuance steady at one block every 10 minutes.

When more computing power, or hashrate, joins the network, difficulty rises to prevent blocks from being mined too quickly, while a decline in hashrate triggers a lower difficulty, making it easier for remaining miners to earn rewards. 

Bitcoin difficulty drops 7.7%. Source: CoinWarz

Related: Cango reports $285M Q4 loss as Bitcoin mining costs surge in 2025

The next difficulty adjustment is currently estimated for April 3, though that projection changes with each new block.

Miners pivot to AI as power costs bite

The difficulty reset also comes as several listed miners push further into AI and high-performance computing infrastructure in search of steadier returns on power and data-center capacity.

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Last week, crypto trader Ran Neuner argued AI had become Bitcoin mining’s biggest competitor as both industries compete for electricity, even going as far as to say that “AI has killed Bitcoin forever.” 

Bitcoin miners such as Core Scientific, MARA Holdings, Hut 8 and Cipher Mining have begun reallocating capacity or pivoting toward AI workloads, while some operators have reduced hashrate or shut down less efficient rigs as profitability tightens.

On Feb 21, Bitdeer liquidated 943 BTC from reserves and sold newly mined coins, cutting corporate holdings to zero. In its latest weekly update on March 21, it confirmed that its BTC holdings remained at zero.

Big questions: Would Bitcoin survive a 10-year power outage?

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