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Gold Surges as Middle East Tensions Drive Safe-Haven Demand

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Crypto Breaking News

Rising geopolitical tensions in the Middle East are shaping how investors size risk, with safe-haven assets drawing attention as equities and crypto markets recalibrate. Fresh indicators show hedging behavior taking hold: oil flows from Iran are rising, while gold demand in key markets is climbing as traders seek ballast against potential disruption and macro volatility. At the same time, crypto markets are responding to a mix of flows that can tilt risk sentiment in either direction, underscoring why the ongoing dialogue around Iran’s nuclear policy and broader policy risk remains central to market discourse.

Key takeaways

  • India’s gold ETFs are attracting record inflows, with purchases totaling about 250 billion rupees (roughly $2.7 billion), a new high that surpassed equity mutual fund inflows for the first time.
  • Iran’s crude exports surged to about 20.1 million barrels in a recent window (Feb. 15 to Friday), a move analysts describe as both a preemptive supply shift and a hedge against potential disruption amid rising U.S.-Iran tensions.
  • Bitcoin (CRYPTO: BTC) continues trading in a defined range, with weak whale accumulation and persistent ETF outflows dampening conviction in the near term.
  • U.S.-listed spot Bitcoin ETFs posted notable daily inflows, signaling renewed investor interest as BTC tests the $68,000 level, though the broader outflow backdrop remains a factor.
  • Gold holds near $5,172 per ounce after a weekly gain of about 4.4%, reflecting robust defensive demand amid macro uncertainty.

Tickers mentioned: $BTC

Sentiment: Neutral

Price impact: Neutral — BTC remains in a defined range as macro signals yield mixed safe-haven and inflation hedging pressures.

Market context: The market narrative sits at the intersection of geopolitics, currency flows, and risk-on versus risk-off dynamics, with gold and Bitcoin acting as competing hedges in a volatile environment.

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Why it matters

The current environment underscores how geopolitical frictions can recalibrate investor behavior across traditional and crypto assets. As oil markets reflect potential disruption, demand for physical gold and related instruments strengthens, particularly in large consumer economies where import patterns and sentiment drive flows. In this context, India’s gold ETFs—representing a major portion of the world’s gold consumption—are capturing outsized attention. The surge in inflows signals a structural tilt toward gold as a core component of portfolios, especially in a region where the metal plays a tangible role in wealth protection and risk diversification.

On the crypto side, Bitcoin’s latest price action illustrates a delicate balance between safety-seeking capital and the lure of potential upside as inflation fears wax and wane. The most recent on-chain data from Glassnode shows that the market’s short-term behavior remains cautious: BTC is oscillating within a broad band, and there is a notable absence of robust whale accumulation even as exchange-traded exposure remains a prominent factor in liquidity dynamics. A sizable portion of Bitcoin sits at a loss, suggesting that a portion of holders are still realizing losses rather than cycling profits, which can dampen near-term upside momentum but does not preclude longer-term volatility from re-emerging should macro conditions shift.

Beyond price charts, ETF activity remains a critical barometer. U.S.-listed spot Bitcoin ETFs posted strong daily inflows in one session, lifting the sector after weeks of outflows and helping prices test recent resistance. While inflows can reflect renewed interest, they also mirror ongoing shifts in the broader compliance and retail adoption landscape, where regulated access remains a key driver for investor diversification. This dynamic is complemented by a growing conversation about how macro environments—whether driven by dollar strength, inflation expectations, or geopolitical risk—affect the appeal of digital assets as hedges or risk-on instruments.

Meanwhile, the gold complex continues to reflect a convex response to uncertain macro signals. The metal has traded near $5,172 per ounce, rising by roughly 219 dollars across the prior week, a move that corroborates the “risk-off” tilt some investors favor when equity markets appear stretched or geopolitical headlines intensify. The Indian market, in particular, is illuminating a broader theme: a shift from equity allocations toward defensive assets—gold and its financial proxies—as part of a broader effort to shield capital against volatility.

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In a broader sense, the narrative around demand for safe-haven assets—both physical gold and regulated gold exposure in the form of ETFs—highlights a common thread: investors are seeking reserves that are less exposed to fiat dollar shocks and geopolitical flashpoints. The question for market participants is whether these hedges will crowd into digital assets as macro conditions evolve or whether traditional shields will maintain their primacy in the near term.

For context, a separate analysis has highlighted that questions about the sustainability of a megaregional shift—such as whether China will shift its foreign-exchange reserves toward gold or other hedges—continue to influence investor expectations. As markets parse these signals, the balance between risk-off assets like gold and risk-on or hedged exposure in crypto remains a focal point for traders and portfolio managers alike.

What the data say about sentiment and positioning

On-chain metrics illustrate a cautious stance among Bitcoin holders. The latest weekly perspective notes that Bitcoin has traded in a broad $60,000 to $70,000 corridor, with subdued accumulation by large holders and ongoing ETF-related outflows. In parallel, the broader market narrative remains sensitive to liquidity shifts and policy cues, making near-term price directions highly contingent on incoming macro data and geopolitical developments.

In the same vein, the Islamic-markets and Indian retail segments appear to be carving out distinct hedging behaviors, contrasting with U.S. and European flows that continue to be shaped by ETF structures and regulatory considerations. These dynamics contribute to a mosaic where gold and Bitcoin can diverge on path while still reflecting a common underpinning: a search for reliable hedges amid heightened uncertainty.

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What to watch next

  • Updates on Iran–U.S. policy rhetoric and potential escalations, given the sensitivity around nuclear talks and regional security, could recalibrate risk appetite for both gold and crypto markets.
  • Continued momentum in India’s gold ETF inflows and any emergent shifts in other major gold markets, alongside price movements in gold and related products.
  • Bitcoin price action near critical levels—whether the $64,000–$65,000 zone or the $69,000 threshold proves decisive in signaling a breakout or renewed consolidation.
  • US ETF flow data for Bitcoin and other crypto products in the coming weeks, which could confirm whether recent inflows signal a durable regime shift or a temporary rebound.

Sources & verification

  • Iranian crude export data and shipment volumes from Kharg Island reported in Middle East Eye coverage covering Feb 15 to the following Friday.
  • India gold ETF inflows and the broader gold demand narrative as summarized by The Kobeissi Letter, with data showing 250 billion rupees in inflows and a shift away from equities.
  • Glassnode weekly on-chain data detailing Bitcoin’s price range, whale activity, and the loss position of a large portion of supply, including the 90-day realized profit-to-loss metric.
  • US-listed spot Bitcoin ETF inflows, including a session with about $506.5 million in daily inflows and commentary on weekly inflow patterns after a period of outflows.
  • Gold price history and current trading levels cited in GoldPrice and related references, showing price movement in the recent week.

Key figures and next steps

The market narrative remains tethered to how geopolitics will influence the balance of risk assets. Gold’s outperformance in response to uncertainty underscores the appeal of traditional hedges, while BTC’s constrained range reveals the tension between caution and speculative opportunity. As policymakers and market participants absorb new data—from oil shipments and sanctions risk to ETF flows and on-chain signals—the path forward for crypto and gold will likely reflect a composite outcome rather than a single directional move.

What it means for traders and investors

For traders, the current environment emphasizes the importance of liquidity and risk controls, particularly as macro drivers can flip sentiment quickly. For investors, the experience reinforces a diversified approach that weighs both physical and financial hedges against a backdrop of evolving macro risk. For builders in the crypto space, the message is clear: regulated access and clear, transparent risk disclosures remain vital to sustaining interest as traditional hedges compete with digital assets in a shifting risk landscape.

What to watch next

  • Iran–U.S. policy updates and potential escalation indicators.
  • Sustained inflows into India’s gold ETFs and any corresponding price dynamics in gold markets.
  • Bitcoin price activity around critical levels and any breakout signals beyond the current range.
  • Regulated ETF flow trends for Bitcoin in the United States and other major markets.

Why it matters (final)

The intersection of geopolitics, macro risk, and investor hedging remains a central theme for 2026. While gold continues to be the primary safe-haven instrument in many geographies, digital assets are increasingly intertwined with mainstream investment infrastructure, aided by regulated access and institutional interest. The evolving narrative around safe havens, currency dynamics, and reserve diversification will likely shape how portfolios balance exposure to traditional assets and newer forms of collateral, even as headline risks continue to drive volatility and appetite for hedges across asset classes.

Risk & affiliate notice: Crypto assets are volatile and capital is at risk. This article may contain affiliate links. Read full disclosure

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Ethereum adds $15b in market value amid rising allocations to emerging crypto protocols

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Ethereum adds $15b in market value amid rising allocations to emerging crypto protocols

Disclosure: This article does not represent investment advice. The content and materials featured on this page are for educational purposes only.

Mutuum Finance gains momentum as Ethereum rebounds, raising $20.6m with 19,000+ holders.

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Summary

  • Mutuum Finance raises $20.6m as Ethereum gains momentum, with MUTM priced at $0.04 and 19,000+ holders.
  • Ethereum-based Mutuum lets users borrow via over-collateralization while retaining full asset ownership.
  • Lenders earn yield through mtTokens, which grow in value as borrowers repay interest-backed loans.

While much of the early year was defined by caution, a sudden surge in crypto buying activity has caught the attention of global analysts. Ethereum (ETH), the world’s second-largest cryptocurrency, is leading this recovery. 

This move represents a deeper change in how the market values blockchain projects. Large investors are increasingly looking for platforms that provide transparent financial services. By rotating capital back into Ethereum and its broader ecosystem, investors are prioritizing projects with deeper liquidity, stronger fundamentals, and proven infrastructure.

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Ethereum

The road to this recovery has been difficult for Ethereum. Since reaching peaks in August 2025, the asset faced a long and steady decline. By February 6, 2026, the Ethereum price had fallen to approximately $1,746, representing a drop of over 45% from its previous highs. 

This fading period was caused by a mix of high interest rates and a general lack of confidence in the broader market. Many traders feared that the asset would continue to slide as leverage was wiped out across various exchanges.

However, the trend shifted dramatically in late February. In less than 24 hours, Ethereum managed to add more than $15 billion to its total market capitalization. This sudden jump pushed the asset back toward the $2,000 mark and restored a sense of optimism to the ecosystem. 

This increase is crucial because it suggests that a “market bottom” has likely been formed. When such a massive amount of value is added in a single day, it usually indicates that institutional buyers are stepping in to secure positions before the next growth cycle begins.

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This recovery is also supported by a massive drop in “open interest.” After a $7 billion leverage collapse earlier in the month, the market is now much “cleaner.” Most of the risky, debt-based positions have been closed, leaving behind long-term holders and spot buyers. With the market cap now holding firm, the focus has shifted to the projects being built on top of this rejuvenated network.

Mutuum Finance

As Ethereum regains its strength, the Mutuum Finance (MUTM) protocol is showing similar momentum. This Ethereum-based project has raised over $20.6 million in total funding, with the MUTM price currently at $0.04. This financial success is backed by a rapidly growing community that has officially surpassed 19,000 individual holders.

Preparing the dual-market mechanism

One of the primary reasons Mutuum Finance is catching the eye of professional investors is its dual-market design. According to its official plans, the protocol is preparing two distinct ways for users to interact with liquidity:

  • Peer-to-Contract (P2C): This model uses automated liquidity pools. It allows lenders to deposit assets and earn immediate interest. Borrowers can access these pools to get instant loans without needing a direct match with another person. This is ideal for major assets like ETH and USDT where speed and high liquidity are needed.
  • Peer-to-Peer (P2P): This market is designed for more customized deals. It allows two individuals to agree on their own terms, such as specific interest rates or loan lengths. This is perfect for niche or more volatile assets that might not fit into a standard pool.

By preparing both models, Mutuum Finance provides a complete solution for different types of risk profiles. It gives users the freedom to choose between automated, fast transactions and direct, custom agreements.

How lending and borrowing works 

The Mutuum Finance whitepaper describes a system where users can unlock the value of their crypto without selling it. This is done through a process of over-collateralization. Those want to borrow money must provide assets that are worth more than the loan itself. This ensures the protocol remains safe even if the market becomes volatile.

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While providing more collateral than the loan amount may seem counterintuitive, the advantage is that users keep 100% ownership of their assets. If the price of the collateral (like ETH or WBTC) increases while the user has an active loan, they still benefit from that entire price appreciation.

Lenders play a vital role by supplying these assets to the protocol. In return, they receive mtTokens. These are yield-bearing receipts that represent their share of the pool. As borrowers pay back their loans with interest, the value of the mtTokens grows. 

This means a lender’s balance increases automatically over time. This mechanism is a draw for long-term holders who want to earn passive income while keeping their original investments.

Protocol launch and on-chain whale allocations

The recent activation of the V1 protocol on the Sepolia testnet has moved Mutuum Finance from a concept to a working product. This version allows the community to test the lending pools, the mtToken system, and the automated risk bots in a live risk-free environment. It supports major assets like WBTC, LINK, ETH, and USDT, giving a look at how the platform handles liquidity.

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Since the V1 launch, on-chain data has revealed a significant spike in activity. Several whale allocations have been spotted, with single investments exceeding $100,000. By delivering a working protocol on the testnet and completing a security audit with Halborn, Mutuum Finance has provided the transparency that these larger players require.

Disclosure: This content is provided by a third party. Neither crypto.news nor the author of this article endorses any product mentioned on this page. Users should conduct their own research before taking any action related to the company.

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Progmat Taps Avalanche for $2B Token Migration as Japan Pushes Toward Global On-Chain Finance

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Nexo Partners with Bakkt for US Crypto Exchange and Yield Programs

TLDR:

  • Progmat is migrating 439.6 billion yen in tokenized assets from Corda5 to Avalanche, targeting full completion by June 2026.
  • All Security Token projects on Progmat’s platform will become EVM-compatible, enabling integration with Ethereum-based DeFi ecosystems.
  • Project Keystone uses LCP technology to enable DvP settlement between Security Tokens and stablecoins across different blockchains.
  • Avalanche’s sub-second finality and customizable validator controls meet Japan’s strict financial regulatory and settlement infrastructure requirements.

Progmat, a Japan-based fintech company backed by major megabank groups, is migrating over $2 billion in tokenized assets to the Avalanche blockchain.

The company announced the move on February 26, 2026, as part of a broader infrastructure renewal. The migration covers all Security Token projects currently on its platform, totaling assets worth more than 439.6 billion yen. This shift marks one of the largest tokenized asset migrations in Asia’s financial history.

Tokenized Asset Migration Moves From Corda5 to Avalanche

Progmat’s Security Token platform, “Progmat ST,” has operated on Corda5 since its SaaS migration in October 2024.

Now, the company is replacing Corda5 with Avalanche as the underlying distributed ledger. All existing ST projects will transition to an EVM-compatible, gradually permissionless environment on the new chain.

The migration began in fall 2025 and is expected to reach full completion by June 2026. New ST projects have already started including Avalanche transition disclosures in their securities reports.

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Trust banks, securities companies, and relevant authorities have been briefed and are cooperating with the process.

Progmat structured the migration to minimize disruption for financial operators and investors already using the platform.

The SaaS layers for ST issuers and administrators remain largely unchanged. Only the chain layer is being replaced, keeping the operational impact on existing participants as low as possible.

Avalanche Selected for Financial-Grade Performance and Flexibility

Avalanche’s technical architecture made it a strong fit for Japan’s regulated financial market. Its L1 framework allows operators to control who can transact, who can develop on the chain, and who can run validator nodes. These controls can be tightened or relaxed over time without stopping the chain.

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The platform’s consensus algorithm delivers finality in under one second. This speed is critical for financial settlement, where delays create counterparty risk.

Avalanche also supports native cross-chain communication through its InterChain Messaging protocol, enabling fast and low-cost transfers between L1 chains.

EVM compatibility adds another layer of value. Developers can use existing Ethereum tools and libraries when building on Progmat’s Avalanche infrastructure.

This opens the door to integration with a wide range of DeFi services and smart contract ecosystems, expanding the market reach for tokenized assets held on the platform.

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Cross-Chain Infrastructure Enables Global Settlement Capabilities

Beyond the migration, Progmat is commercializing cross-chain settlement services under a project named “Project Keystone.”

At its core is LCP, a light client proxy running on Trusted Execution Environments, developed in collaboration with Datachain.

This technology enables DvP settlement between Security Tokens and stablecoins, and PvP settlement between stablecoins from different jurisdictions.

The need for cross-chain services stems from a fragmented global market. Japan, the United States, Europe, and South Korea are each developing their own currency-denominated stablecoins on separate ledgers.

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Without interoperability, cross-border transactions between these platforms remain blocked. Progmat’s infrastructure aims to bridge these gaps for institutional participants.

The IBC/LCP protocol was chosen as a core component because it operates without locking operators into a single vendor.

As an open standard, it allows multiple solution providers to participate, which protects the sovereignty concerns of regulated financial institutions.

Combined with Avalanche’s native communication tools, the framework positions Progmat’s platform as a bridge between Japan’s domestic ST market and global on-chain finance infrastructure.

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ZachXBT Accuses Axiom Staff of Insider Trading Using Wallet Data

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Fees generated by Axiom. Source: Token Terminal

Recordings and screenshots reviewed by the blockchain investigator show internal tools that surfaced users’ private wallets and trade histories.

Blockchain sleuth ZachXBT has accused employees at crypto trading platform Axiom of abusing internal tools to spy on users and trade using private wallet data, according to a detailed investigation posted on X today.

The alleged activity dates back to early 2025 and involves a senior business development employee based in New York.

According to ZachXBT, the employee, Broox Bauer, is heard on recordings claiming he could track “any Axiom user via ref code, wallet, or UID” and could “find out anything to do with that person.” In one clip cited by ZachXBT, Bauer also describes gradually increasing the number of wallets he monitored “so it does not look that suspicious.”

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Fees generated by Axiom. Source: Token Terminal
Fees generated by Axiom. Source: Token Terminal

Axiom was founded by Henry Zhang — also known as Mist — and Preston Ellis — also known as Cal — in 2024 and later went through Y Combinator before quickly becoming one of the most profitable crypto platforms. The web-based trading terminal pulled in tens of millions of dollars in fees just months after launching in late January 2025, The Defiant reported earlier.

‘No Monitoring or Access Controls’

Screenshots shared in the X thread also show internal dashboards listing users’ private wallets, linked accounts, and transaction history, data that sources contacted by ZachXBT said appeared accurate.

The group also allegedly maintained shared spreadsheets mapping wallets tied to well-known traders and memecoin promoters. In another recording, Bauer lays out a plan to help a colleague make $200,000 by abusing this access, saying he would send over “the full list of wallets.”

“Regardless of whether Cal or Mist were aware, there was little to no monitoring or access controls in place to mitigate this abuse from happening in the first place,” ZachXBT wrote.

Because Bauer is based in New York, he added that the case could fall under the Southern District of New York, even if no criminal charges are ultimately filed.

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It’s unclear, however, how much profit, if any, was made using the alleged insider information.

‘Shocked and Disappointed’

As the details came out, Axiom said in an X post, “We are shocked and disappointed to hear that someone on our team abused internal customer support tools to look up user wallets.” The company added that it “removed access to these tools and will continue to investigate and hold the offending parties responsible.”

Days before ZachXBT publicly named the firm, an alleged Axiom affiliate using the alias devininsider was already pushing back on speculation around Axiom. “We are simply a terminal that allows people to trade open market memecoins, what could we be possibly insider trading lol,” they said.

Blockchain tracker Lookonchain noted in an X post that just hours before ZachXBT named Axiom as the company accused of insider trading, two new anonymous wallets bet $59,800 on Axiom on Polymarket, and within three hours, turned it into $109,000.

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AI rout hits software stocks, but Grayscale says blockchains stand to benefit

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Why machine-to-machine payments are the new electricity for the digital age

Blockchains and artificial intelligence are complementary technologies, according to crypto asset manager Grayscale, even as markets have recently treated them as part of the same trade.

Zach Pandl, Grayscale’s head of research, said that while disruptive technologies tend to produce clear winners and losers, the relationship between AI and blockchain is more symbiotic than competitive. Rapid AI adoption is expected to reward some industries, such as chipmakers, while pressuring others, including segments of professional services.

“Although crypto valuations have been tightly correlated with the drawdown in software stocks, we think blockchains and AI are complementary from a fundamental standpoint,” he said in the Wednesday blog post.

U.S. equity markets have lately focused on the downside. The S&P 500 software index has fallen roughly 20% year to date, and crypto valuations have moved closely with the selloff. But Pandl maintains that the parallel drawdown obscures a more constructive long-term dynamic between the two technologies.

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Investor anxiety about artificial intelligence’s disruptive potential has sparked a broad sell-off in tech and software stocks, erasing significant market value as traders reassess long-held valuations.

U.S. software and services shares have plunged sharply, wiping out roughly $1 trillion in market capitalization, as fears mount that fast-advancing AI tools could upend traditional business models and revenue streams.

The S&P 500 software index has slumped as investors rotate out of high-flight tech names amid heightened volatility and skepticism over how quickly and profitably AI adoption will play out.

Pandl contends that blockchains are likely to become the financial rails for AI agents. Today’s chatbots operate largely outside the financial system. But if AI agents are equipped with digital wallets, he expects them to transact over blockchains rather than traditional bank infrastructure.

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Blockchains offer transparency, near-instant settlement, 24/7 availability and global reach with an internet connection, he said. While opening a bank account requires a human intermediary, any user, including a bot, can create a blockchain address. Pandl said rising volumes of low-value stablecoin transactions would be an early signal that this thesis is playing out.

At the same time, he argued that blockchain technology could help mitigate some of AI’s risks. As large language models proliferate, concerns around data provenance, deepfakes and the concentration of control over resources and decision-making are likely to intensify. Public blockchains, Pandl said, can provide verifiable records and more decentralized infrastructure to counterbalance those trends.

The report acknowledged AI may also introduce new challenges for crypto networks. Advanced tools could make blockchain surveillance more effective, potentially eroding user privacy. AI agents may also uncover new vulnerabilities in smart contracts; OpenAI recently launched EVMbench, an initiative aimed at using AI to identify and patch such risks.

Read more: Crypto isn’t losing to AI, its just ‘capitalism doing its job,’ says Dragonfly

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Bitcoin Hovers Near $67K as Crypto Markets Consolidate

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BTC 24-hour price chart. Source: CoinGecko

Leading altcoins retraced some of their gains from Wednesday.

Crypto markets dipped slightly on Thursday, with the total market cap dropping by about 2% over the past day to around $2.39 trillion.

Bitcoin (BTC) is trading near $67,000, down 2% over the past day but up 1% for the week, slightly below Wednesday’s peak.

BTC 24-hour price chart. Source: CoinGecko
BTC 24-hour price chart. Source: CoinGecko

Ethereum (ETH) slipped to $1,992, posting a 3% daily loss. Among other Top 10 assets, Solana (SOL) dropped 3.5%, XRP plunged 5%, and BNB fell 1.5%.

‘Constructive Return of Liquidity’

Analysts at glassnode noted in an X post today that “profit-taking continues to absorb momentum at the $70K threshold,” implying that this is consistent with a thin liquidity regime where even modest realization events are sufficient to suppress recovery attempts.

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BTC realized profit/loss ratio. Source: glassnode
BTC realized profit/loss ratio. Source: glassnode

“Historically, breaks below 1 have persisted for 6+ months before reclaiming it, a recovery that typically signals a constructive return of liquidity to the market,” they added.

Paul Howard, senior director at crypto trading firm Wincent, said in commentary for The Defiant that stronger-than-expected earnings overnight had lifted tech stocks and risk assets more broadly.

He noted that “the short squeeze on Circle was notable, alongside the significant short interest in MSTR and the earnings beat from NVDA,” adding that these moves contributed to Bitcoin’s rally over the past 24 hours.

Howard added that the market is still looking for a clear catalyst that could push cryptocurrencies significantly higher, rather than just supporting them as a hedge trade.

Big Movers and Liquidations

Among the Top 100 assets by market cap, Pippin (PIPPIN) led gains with an 18.4% jump, followed by Internet Computer (ICP), which is up 8.5%.

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On the downside, Cosmos Hub (ATOM) fell 7.9%, and Morpho (MORPHO) declined 3.6%.

CoinGlass reports that more than 157,000 traders were liquidated over the past 24 hours for a total of $560 million.

Shorts dominated with around $420 million liquidated, compared with nearly $148 million in long positions.

ETFs and Macro Conditions

Spot Bitcoin ETFs saw inflows of $506 million on Wednesday, Feb. 25, the largest single-day inflow since Jan. 5, bringing total net assets to $87.6 billion. On that same day, spot Ethereum ETFs added $157 million, bringing cumulative net assets to $11.8 billion.

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On the macro front, U.S. Treasury yields were mostly flat. The 10-year note slipped slightly to 4.042%, the 30-year bond yield edged down to 4.687%, and the 2-year note ticked higher to 3.473%.

Thursday’s Labor Department report showed initial unemployment claims for the week ended Feb. 21 at 212,000, slightly above the prior week’s revised 208,000 but below the 215,000 forecast, CNBC reported.

On the geopolitical side, Iran’s foreign ministry said today’s nuclear talks in Geneva produced “very constructive” proposals, but didn’t give any details, according to the Associated Press. The U.S. and Iran are negotiating indirectly, with Oman’s foreign minister and the UN’s nuclear watchdog also present.

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AI, Bitcoin Mining Firms Tap High-Yield Bonds for Data Centers

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AI, Bitcoin Mining Firms Tap High-Yield Bonds for Data Centers

The AI and data center boom partly driven by Bitcoin miners is increasingly being financed through high-yield bond issuance, underscoring how lenders are pricing both risk and opportunity in the sector.

According to TheEnergyMag’s latest newsletter, companies tied to AI data center development have raised about $33 billion in long-term senior notes over the past 12 months, excluding convertible debt — bonds that can later be converted into equity and typically carry different risk dynamics.

The interest rate spread is notable: While regulated utilities and traditional energy companies generally borrow at 4% to 5%, AI- and crypto-linked issuers pay closer to 7% to 9%.

The average coupon on newly issued US dollar high-yield debt has was close to 7.2% in late 2025, from 8% to 9% in 2023, according to Janus Henderson Investors, citing BofA Global Research, average coupon, as of Nov. 30.

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Those at the higher end of the spectrum are largely current or former digital asset mining companies that have pivoted into AI infrastructure, suggesting capital remains comparatively expensive for the group. 

TheEnergyMag cited recent raises, including CoreWeave at 9.25% and 9% in May and July 2025, Applied Digital at 9.2% in November, TeraWulf at 7.75% and Cipher Mining at 7.125% and 6.125%.

Credit ratings and perceived risks drive interest rate spreads in AI infrastructure development. Source: TheEnergyMag

“The message from lenders is clear,” TheEnergyMag wrote. “Regulated load and contracted generation still get treated as infrastructure. AI and bitcoin, even when attached to long-term offtake agreements, are still treated as growth credit.”

Related: Canaan buys 49% stake in three Texas mining sites for $40M

AI infrastructure boom intensifies 

Despite concerns about overspending and potential overcapacity, the AI data center build-out remains one of the most visible trends in the economy, and a major driver of demand on Wall Street.

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The scale of that momentum was underscored on Wednesday when chipmaker Nvidia posted blockbuster fourth-quarter results, with profit rising 94% and revenue climbing 73% year-on- year. The chipmaker reported $43 billion in net income and $68.1 billion in revenue.

Meanwhile, Bitcoin mining companies are planning about 30 gigawatts of new power capacity aimed at AI workloads, nearly triple the capacity they currently operate. Much of it remains in development pipelines or early-stage planning, but the industry has made clear that AI infrastructure is a strategic priority.

Related: The real ‘supercycle’ isn’t crypto, it’s AI infrastructure: Analyst

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