TLDR:

• Ethereum activity and stablecoin balances are shifting back from Layer 2 networks to the base layer
• Stablecoin supply and tokenized assets on Ethereum are approaching previous all-time high levels
• Ethereum’s execution density and composability continue to attract high-value on-chain transactions
• ETH has outperformed major Layer 2 tokens since October 2025, signaling renewed market strength

Ethereum comeback narratives are gaining traction as new data points to renewed activity on the network. Insights shared by Coinbase Institutional indicate a measurable shift in user behavior and capital flows.

Stablecoin balances and tokenized assets on Ethereum are approaching historical highs. At the same time, ETH has outperformed major Layer 2 tokens since October 2025, suggesting a change in market structure.

Activity Returns to Ethereum’s Base Layer

Recent observations show that users are gradually returning to Ethereum’s main network. Coinbase Institutional reported that both activity levels and stablecoin balances have tilted back toward Layer 1. This marks a shift from earlier periods when Layer 2 solutions captured a larger share of transactions.

The same update noted that stablecoin supply on Ethereum is nearing record levels. Tokenized asset values are also rising toward previous peaks. These movements point to increased reliance on Ethereum for settlement and liquidity functions.

Metrics tracking organic activity further support this trend. Execution density on Ethereum remains strong, reflecting higher economic value processed within limited block space. This indicates that users continue to prioritize efficiency and depth over lower transaction costs.

Coinbase Institutional also stated that ETH has outperformed major Layer 2 tokens since October 2025. This relative strength aligns with growing on-chain activity and sustained liquidity inflows.

The data was shared through its official X post, which framed the discussion around Ethereum’s evolving role.

Infrastructure Strength Supports Comeback Narrative

Ethereum’s composability continues to serve as a core advantage in the current market. Applications built on the network interact seamlessly, allowing complex financial operations across protocols. This structure supports the use of stablecoins and tokenized assets at scale.

Execution density remains another defining factor. Ethereum processes high-value transactions within its base layer, maintaining efficiency despite higher fees. In contrast, Layer 2 networks distribute activity across multiple chains, often focusing on cost reduction.

The Coinbase Institutional update also pointed to ongoing developments in stablecoin regulations. These changes are drawing attention to the infrastructure supporting digital assets. Ethereum remains a primary base layer for stablecoins due to its liquidity depth and established ecosystem.

At the same time, Layer 2 solutions continue to play a complementary role. They provide scalability and lower transaction costs, especially for retail users.

However, recent data suggests Ethereum is regaining ground in areas requiring composability and capital concentration.

The Ethereum comeback narrative continues to develop as market dynamics shift. Rising activity, growing stablecoin balances, and ETH’s relative performance indicate renewed focus on the base layer.

As conditions evolve, the relationship between Layer 1 and Layer 2 remains central to Ethereum’s positioning.

Spot Bitcoin exchange-traded funds (ETFs) shifted gears this week, snapping a four-week streak of inflows and posting a net outflow of $296.18 million for the period ending Friday. The reversal comes after a sustained run that had drawn more than $2.2 billion into spot BTC ETFs over the prior four weeks. Data from SoSoValue shows inflows of roughly $787.31 million, $568.45 million and $767.33 million in early March, followed by a smaller $95.18 million the previous week before the tide turned to red this week.

The weekly outflow was amplified by consecutive daily withdrawals on Thursday and Friday totaling more than $396 million, including a Friday print of $225.48 million—the largest single-day withdrawal since March 3, when outflows reached $348 million. Despite the shift this week, investors have not exited the BTC ETF space entirely; cumulative inflows to spot BTC ETFs remain robust, with total net inflows measuring $55.93 billion.

On the asset side, total net assets tied to spot BTC ETFs slipped to $84.77 billion, down from just over $90 billion a week earlier. Trading activity also cooled, with combined weekly ETF volume dropping to $14.26 billion from $25.87 billion earlier in March. The pattern mirrors a broader, cautious mood among crypto traders as macro headlines stabilize, but momentum remains elusive.

For context, the shift comes amid a wider debate about the pace of institutional adoption and how ETF mechanics interact with liquidity cycles. A related note from market observers highlights that even a period of macro calm can mask undercurrents of risk, influencing how investors position around the next potential regime shift in cryptos and traditional markets.

Ethereum ETFs followed the broader risk-off tone, registering $206.58 million in weekly net outflows. This marked a second straight week of declines for spot Ether ETFs, reversing a brief inflow stretch seen earlier in March. Daily data shows withdrawals throughout the week, with the largest single-day outflow on Thursday at $92.54 million and another $48.54 million pulled on Friday. The pattern underscores a more cautious stance among holders as investors reassess near-term catalysts for Ethereum’s spot and ETF exposure.

Beyond the ETF desk, the market backdrop remains a balance of surface stability and underlying frictions. In a note shared with Cointelegraph, a Bitunix analyst described the current macro environment as defined by “surface stability, internal imbalance.” Geopolitical tensions persist, while policymakers aim to project calm. Developments such as an ongoing US–EU trade framework and a cooling of tensions in other hot spots have helped ease near-term stress, but the analyst cautioned that the underlying risks have not vanished.

Against that backdrop, Bitcoin’s price action is increasingly seen as a read on liquidity conditions rather than a clear directional consensus. The asset has traded within a defined range, roughly between $65,000 and $72,000, with evidence of demand absorption but limited upside follow-through. “Capital is not exiting the market, but neither is it willing to take directional risk,” the analyst observed, suggesting that volatility may persist within established bands until macro conditions align for a clearer trend.

Investors may find it instructive to compare the current cycle with earlier episodes of ETF-driven participation. The current week’s outflows come after a period of strong inflows that underscored a phase of renewed institutional interest in BTC exposure through regulated vehicles. For market watchers, the key question remains: will macro catalysts—policy signals, liquidity shifts, or geopolitical developments—provide the spark needed to re-ignite sustained ETF inflows, or will liquidity constraints continue to weigh on trend formation?

Key takeaways

• Spot Bitcoin ETFs posted a weekly net outflow of $296.18 million for the period ending Friday, reversing a four-week inflow streak that totaled more than $2.2 billion.
• Cumulative net inflows into spot BTC ETFs stand at $55.93 billion, while total net assets fell to $84.77 billion from just over $90 billion a week earlier; weekly ETF volume dropped to $14.26 billion from $25.87 billion.
• Ether exposure followed a similar pattern, with spot ETH ETFs recording $206.58 million in weekly outflows—a second consecutive weekly decline; the largest daily outflow was $92.54 million on Thursday, followed by $48.54 million on Friday.
• Macro dynamics remain mixed: analysts describe a surface-stable but internally imbalanced environment, with Bitcoin trading range-bound as market participants weigh liquidity conditions against uncertain geopolitical and policy developments.

Spot BTC ETFs retreat after a four-week inflow run

The week’s outflow marks a notable shift after BTC ETFs enjoyed a multi-week surge in demand. SoSoValue’s data shows that inflows for BTC-focused ETFs aggregated to more than $2.2 billion across four consecutive weeks earlier in March, with the standout single-week inflows reaching as high as approximately $787 million. The reversal this week followed a run of daily redemptions culminating in a Friday outflow of $225.48 million—significant in magnitude and the largest single-day drain since the early-March period.

While the net number for the week is negative, the broader trajectory remains positive in aggregate terms. The cumulative $55.93 billion of net BTC ETF inflows illustrates a persistent appetite for regulated BTC exposure among institutional participants, even as near-term liquidity concerns cap momentum. On the surface, fund flows appear to be moderating as traders digest macro cues and position for potential regime shifts in the broader crypto market.

Trading activity, a useful lens into market participation, also cooled noticeably. The week’s combined ETF volume of $14.26 billion sits well below the March peak, a reminder that current appetite for ETF-based BTC exposure is sensitive to shifting liquidity environments and risk tolerance among investors.

For readers tracking industry benchmarks, an adjacent development remains the ongoing discussion around ETF fee structures and product design. Related coverage this week highlighted Morgan Stanley’s anticipated ultra-low-fee BTC ETF filing, pegged at a 0.14% fee if approved, illustrating how major players are calibrating cost structures to attract a broader investor base.

Source: SoSoValue

Ethereum ETFs extend outflow streak

In parallel with Bitcoin, Ethereum ETFs posted meaningful redemptions. SoSoValue data shows spot ETH ETFs recording $206.58 million in weekly outflows, marking the second consecutive week of declines after a prior period of modest inflows. The week-long trend was driven by daily withdrawals, with Thursday accounting for the bulk at $92.54 million and Friday contributing another $48.54 million.

The ETH ETF dynamic underscores a broader caution among crypto asset holders, where even marquee assets like Ethereum face selling pressure in tandem with BTC. As with Bitcoin, macro momentum and liquidity considerations appear to be the primary drivers behind these ETF flows, rather than a singular ETH-specific catalyst.

As investors weigh the path forward, market participants will be looking for signs of stabilization in ETF demand for Ether alongside BTC. The data points to a cautious stance, with redemptions outpacing new inflows for multiple weeks as traders assess risk, regulatory environments, and potential macro-driven liquidity shifts.

Related commentary continues to explore how ETF design and pricing could influence future demand, as well as how early adopters and index designers might respond to evolving market structure. For readers seeking additional context, Morgan Stanley’s ongoing ETF discussions and related reporting offer a useful backdrop to the evolving landscape of regulated crypto exposure.

Source: SoSoValue

Macro calm masks deeper risks

A recurring theme in this week’s flow analysis is the tension between apparent macro calm and underlying fragilities. A Bitunix analyst, speaking to Cointelegraph, framed the current environment as “surface stability, internal imbalance.” While geopolitical frictions and policy tensions have cooled somewhat, the risk built into the system remains unresolved, creating a environment where traditional and crypto markets co-move in nuanced ways.

Bitcoin, in this setting, is behaving less like a breakout asset and more as a proxy for liquidity conditions. The asset has largely traded within a defined band, roughly between $65,000 and $72,000, with demand showing intermittent strength but lacking sustained follow-through. The analyst emphasized that while capital is not fleeing the sector, there is a clear reluctance to embrace directional bets in the near term, signaling that volatility will likely persist until macro catalysts align with a more decisive trend.

In the larger discourse, the ETF flows fit into a broader narrative about adoption, regulation, and liquidity. As investors watch for catalysts—ranging from policy shifts to shifts in macro liquidity—the market will stay sensitive to incoming data and cross-asset dynamics. The interplay between favorable regulatory signals and risk-on/risk-off cycles will likely shape the next leg of ETF-driven participation in BTC and ETH exposure.

Related coverage this week also touched on other ETF developments, including flexible fee structures and the race among traditional banks and asset managers to offer regulated, low-cost access to top crypto assets. The unfolding story remains a test of how fast the market can translate incremental regulatory clarity into sustainable inflows, even as near-term risk sentiment remains cautious.

What comes next for ETF demand and crypto liquidity?

Looking ahead, the key questions center on whether macro conditions will align with a renewed appetite for regulated crypto exposure. If liquidity improves or volatility sharpens in a favorable way, BTC and ETH ETF inflows could resume, reinforcing the role of ETFs in institutional portfolios. Conversely, persistent macro uncertainty and continued outflows could extend the current pause, shaping a market in which price moves hinge on liquidity rather than conviction-driven catalysts.

Readers should monitor notable policy developments, central bank signals, and geopolitical headlines as potential inflection points. The ETF data, while informative, is one lens among many for assessing where crypto markets stand in relation to traditional financial markets—and what it might take to spark a fresh wave of institutional participation.

Key Takeaways

• ETH breached the $2,000 threshold with a 5% decline over 24 hours and 6% weekly loss
• Institutional ETH ETFs experienced a sustained outflow streak spanning seven days, totaling $392 million
• Market demand for Ethereum reached its weakest point in 16 months
• Critical support zones identified at $1,911 and $1,750 by technical analysts
• Centralized exchange reserves dropped from 22 million ETH in 2023 to approximately 15 million ETH currently

Ethereum pierced the psychological $2,000 barrier on Friday, March 27, 2026. The breakdown resulted in more than $111 million worth of leveraged long positions being liquidated within 24 hours, based on data compiled by Coinglass.

The decline compounded ETH’s weekly losses to 6%, driving monthly performance into negative range.

Geopolitical tensions contributed to the market downturn. Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps delivered warnings to personnel at industrial facilities across Israel and Gulf nations regarding an impending retaliatory operation. These developments followed coordinated US and Israeli strikes targeting Iranian industrial infrastructure, amplifying risk-off sentiment across financial markets.

Institutional appetite for Ethereum has evaporated rapidly. Spot Ethereum ETFs witnessed an unbroken seven-day stretch of net withdrawals, accumulating approximately $392 million in outflows. The institutional capital that previously supported price appreciation has vanished.

Market analyst Ted Pillows shared on X that ETH ETF redemptions hit $92.5 million in one trading session alone, with BlackRock accounting for $43.2 million in Ethereum sales.

Retail participation has similarly weakened. The Coinbase Premium Index descended deeper into negative territory, indicating American traders are either liquidating positions or remaining inactive.

Research from Capriole Investments reveals that observable demand for ETH has remained negative throughout March, plummeting to its lowest reading in 16 months.

Chart Analysis Suggests Further Downside

On the daily timeframe, ETH is positioned beneath its 20-day exponential moving average. The 50-day and 100-day EMAs remain elevated at $2,180 and $2,430 respectively, confirming the prevailing trend is corrective.

Market analyst CryptoWZRD observed that closing below $2,200 earlier this week served as an initial alert before “additional declines.” With both $2,100 and $2,000 levels now compromised, attention shifts to the $1,750–$1,850 zone.

Analyst CyrilXBT published a chart illustrating ETH trading significantly below its 200-day EMA near $2,766. He cautioned that a breakdown beneath the $1,750 floor could drive ETH toward the $1,400–$1,500 region.

On-Chain Metrics Present Mixed Signals

One divergent indicator involves exchange holdings. CryptoQuant data highlighted by analyst James Easton shows Ethereum balances on centralized exchanges have contracted from over 22 million in 2023 to roughly 15 million ETH. Easton characterized large holders as “stacking and staking.”

Nevertheless, declining exchange balances independently do not guarantee price reversal. The metric demonstrates coins exiting platforms but fails to validate actual accumulation behavior.

Regarding institutional accumulation, BitMine Immersion wallets acquired 117,111 ETH across a three-day window, according to Lookonchain. The entity had previously disclosed a separate purchase of 65,341 ETH.

ETH open interest climbed to 14.72 million ETH, despite funding rates shifting negative.

The nearest support level rests at $1,911, with secondary support at $1,741. A decisive move below $1,741 would validate continuation of the existing bearish trajectory.

Key Highlights

• Morgan Stanley’s proposed spot Bitcoin ETF (MSBT) features a 0.14% management fee, establishing a new low benchmark for US-listed Bitcoin funds
• The pricing strategically beats Grayscile’s Bitcoin Mini Trust (0.15%) and significantly undercuts BlackRock’s iShares Bitcoin Trust (0.25%)
• Morgan Stanley’s extensive network of approximately 16,000 financial advisors oversees $6.2 trillion, creating substantial distribution capabilities for MSBT
• Regulatory approval would mark a historic milestone, making Morgan Stanley the first traditional Wall Street bank to offer a spot Bitcoin ETF
• Industry analysts from Bloomberg project a potential launch window as soon as April 2026

Wall Street powerhouse Morgan Stanley has submitted regulatory documentation to introduce a spot Bitcoin exchange-traded fund carrying an exceptionally competitive 0.14% annual fee structure, positioning it as the most affordable Bitcoin ETF available to American investors upon approval.

The fee structure appeared in an updated S-1 registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission late Friday. This pricing sits just one basis point beneath Grayscale’s Bitcoin Mini Trust, which previously held the distinction of offering the market’s most economical option at 0.15%.

By comparison, BlackRock’s iShares Bitcoin Trust—currently commanding the largest asset base among Bitcoin ETFs—imposes a 0.25% annual fee. Morgan Stanley’s proposed offering creates an 11 basis point advantage over this category leader.

James Seyffart, a Bloomberg ETF analyst, characterized the pricing strategy as a “big move,” projecting that the fund is “likely to launch in early April.”

The investment vehicle will operate under the name Morgan Stanley Bitcoin Trust, designated by the ticker MSBT. The New York Stock Exchange has already published a listing notification for the product, suggesting that trading operations could commence rapidly following regulatory clearance.

For cryptocurrency custody responsibilities, Morgan Stanley has designated Coinbase alongside Bank of New York Mellon to safeguard the fund’s Bitcoin holdings.

The Strategic Importance of Fee Compression

Spot Bitcoin ETFs function on a fundamentally similar basis—they acquire and hold Bitcoin while mirroring its market valuation. This operational similarity elevates the management fee to a primary differentiating factor among competing offerings.

Financial professionals can seamlessly transition client positions from higher-cost products to more economical alternatives through straightforward transactions, maintaining identical market exposure. This dynamic intensifies fee-based competition throughout the sector.

Eric Balchunas, another Bloomberg ETF specialist, highlighted that Morgan Stanley’s extensive advisor workforce of approximately 16,000 professionals manages an impressive $6.2 trillion in client wealth. He emphasized that the competitive fee structure eliminates potential conflicts when advisors recommend the product to their clients.

This distribution infrastructure represents a critical competitive advantage. Even modest portfolio adjustments across this vast advisor ecosystem could channel billions of dollars into the newly launched fund.

Grayscale’s original Bitcoin Trust commanded roughly $29 billion in assets when spot Bitcoin ETFs debuted in January 2024. Current holdings have contracted to approximately $10 billion, with fee-related redemptions contributing significantly to this decline.

Morgan Stanley’s Expanding Digital Asset Strategy

The financial institution submitted its spot Bitcoin ETF application in early January 2026, coinciding with a separate filing for a Solana-based ETF. Within the same week, the bank expanded its digital asset ambitions by filing for a staked Ether ETF.

February saw Morgan Stanley pursue a national trust banking charter, enabling the institution to provide digital asset custody services and staking capabilities for institutional and individual clients.

To spearhead its cryptocurrency initiatives, Morgan Stanley elevated Amy Oldenburg—a veteran executive with extensive tenure at the firm—to direct its digital assets division in January.

Prior to this institutional expansion, the bank had established cryptocurrency allocation guidelines recommending 2% to 4% portfolio exposure and authorized its advisors to incorporate crypto investment products within retirement account strategies.

The aggregate US spot Bitcoin ETF marketplace has reached approximately $83 billion in total assets. Morgan Stanley’s entrance at an unprecedented fee level intensifies competitive dynamics for every established fund operating in this rapidly evolving sector.

Key Highlights

• Bitcoin plummeted from $75,000 to $66,000 throughout the week; Ethereum breached critical $2,000 support
• Major U.S. equity benchmarks all slipped into correction mode, with the S&P 500 recording its most extended decline since 2022
• Crude oil prices climbed above $100 per barrel amid escalating Middle Eastern tensions, triggering widespread risk aversion
• Coinbase introduced cryptocurrency-collateralized home loans, while Tether engaged KPMG for comprehensive financial review
• David Sacks departed his position as White House Crypto Czar following a 12-month tenure

Financial markets experienced a challenging week characterized by widespread selling pressure. Both digital assets and traditional securities suffered substantial losses as energy prices climbed and market participants retreated from riskier investments.

Bitcoin experienced a notable decline, sliding from its weekly peak of $75,000 down to $66,000 by the close of trading on Friday, March 27. Ethereum retreated beneath the psychologically important $2,000 threshold, a price point closely monitored by market participants.

Both Solana and XRP concluded the trading week with significant losses. The cryptocurrency market as a whole mirrored the downturn observed in equity markets as anxiety permeated the financial landscape.

Traditional markets fared no better. The S&P 500 registered its fifth consecutive weekly decline, marking the index’s most prolonged losing period since 2022. The Dow Jones Industrial Average officially entered correction territory, falling more than 10% from its most recent peak.

The technology-heavy Nasdaq suffered a 2.1% decline on Friday alone, pushing deeper into correction territory. The so-called “Magnificent Seven” technology giants collectively shed more than $330 billion in valuation during a single trading session.

Oil prices emerged as a primary catalyst behind the market turbulence. Brent crude futures climbed above $106 per barrel while West Texas Intermediate exceeded $100, as heightened conflict throughout the Middle East fueled concerns that instability could persist through April.

President Trump announced a 10-day extension of his ultimatum to Iran, pushing the deadline to April 6 for compliance with American demands before potential strikes on Iranian energy infrastructure. Despite the extension, market uncertainty persisted.

Significant Cryptocurrency Sector Developments

Coinbase revealed plans to offer home mortgages backed by cryptocurrency holdings across the United States. The digital asset exchange is collaborating with Better Home & Finance to enable homebuyers to utilize Bitcoin for down payments, with the program receiving government support.

Tether, the issuer behind the USDT stablecoin, appointed accounting giant KPMG to conduct an audit of its $185 billion in assets. This strategic decision represents Tether’s broader initiative to establish a stronger presence in the American market. Following the announcement, Circle Internet Group shares tumbled 24% over the five-day period.

Intercontinental Exchange, the corporation that operates the New York Stock Exchange, committed $600 million to prediction platform Polymarket. The substantial investment provides Polymarket with resources for expansion as traditional financial institutions increasingly venture into this emerging sector.

Regulatory and Political Developments

David Sacks resigned from his position as White House Crypto Czar after serving for one year. During his tenure, Sacks guided initial cryptocurrency policy initiatives from the administration, including shepherding the GENIUS Act through Congress, and has transitioned to the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology. The administration has not yet designated a successor.

Prediction marketplace Kalshi experienced a valuation surge to $22 billion in its most recent capital raise, doubling from $11 billion just three months earlier in December. The funding round coincided with Arizona prosecutors filing 20 criminal charges against Kalshi, alleging the platform operates as an unlicensed gambling enterprise.

Approximately $15 billion worth of Bitcoin options contracts reached expiration on the Deribit platform on March 27, accounting for 40% of the exchange’s total outstanding positions. A comparable $19 billion expiration event last September has been identified as a potential trigger for Bitcoin’s ongoing downturn, which has now reached a 40% decline from its October highs.

TLDR:

• Iran’s IRGC warned on March 28 that critical undersea cable infrastructure in Hormuz will not be spared from attack.
  
• Cables like FALCON, AAE-1, and 2Africa Pearls carry nearly all global internet traffic through contested waterways.
  
• Google and Meta activated contingency rerouting plans after the threat, raising costs across cable insurance markets.
  
• Starlink’s 9,500-satellite LEO network is gaining traction on rerouted tankers, with SpaceX eyeing a $1.75T IPO valuation.

Undersea internet cables connecting Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and Africa face serious threats. Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps issued a stark warning on March 28.

The statement said critical infrastructure in the Hormuz and Red Sea corridors would not be spared. The cables at risk carry nearly all global internet traffic.

No cable has been cut yet, but Google and Meta have already activated contingency rerouting plans in response.

Cable Networks at the Center of the Standoff

The cables at risk include FALCON, Gulf Bridge International, Europe India Gateway, SEA-ME-WE 6, AAE-1, and FLAG. These run through the Hormuz corridor.

In the Red Sea, EIG, AAE-1, Seacom, SMW-4, SMW-5, SMW-6, IMEWE, and 2Africa Pearls are also exposed. Together, they form the backbone of global digital commerce.

Analyst Shanaka Anslem Perera noted the full scope of what flows through these cables. “Your bank transfers. Your stock trades. Your cloud computing,” he wrote.

The data connects every financial market on earth to every other. Past events show how quickly disruptions can escalate.

In 2008, eight cables were severed off the Egyptian coast. Between 70 and 80 percent of Middle East-to-Europe traffic went dark after that.

Repairs stretched from three to eight weeks. In 2024, Houthi-related anchor drag damaged four cables in the Red Sea, with repairs lasting months.

Both past incidents were likely accidental. A deliberate, state-sponsored cut has never been carried out. Iran’s own connectivity runs through these same cables.

Any confirmed attack would also trigger immediate naval retaliation from the US, UK, and French fleets already in the region.

Satellite Connectivity Gains Ground as Threat Persists

The threat alone is creating real friction in global financial systems. Cable operators are rerouting traffic, and that process carries real costs. Insurance pricing on submarine cable infrastructure is also shifting.

Institutions relying on sub-40-millisecond latency between Asian and European markets are now running new contingency scenarios.

Starlink’s low-earth orbit constellation of over 9,500 satellites is emerging as a direct alternative. The service delivers broadband through phased-array terminals that electronically steer beams to counter jamming.

Iran has used GPS spoofing and radio-frequency noise against Starlink since January. Packet loss spiked to between 30 and 80 percent during those episodes.

Starlink responded with firmware updates and beamforming adjustments. Packet loss then dropped back to workable levels.

Starlink maritime terminals are already active on tankers rerouting around the Hormuz corridor. Speeds range from 100 to 220 megabits per second at low latency.

SpaceX is reportedly preparing an IPO prospectus this week, per Bloomberg, Reuters, and The Information. The target valuation sits between $1.5 and $1.75 trillion.

The filing arrives at a moment when its service directly addresses a gap exposed by geopolitical tension. The Strait of Hormuz carries oil, gas, helium, and a large share of global internet traffic. Markets have not yet fully priced this convergence.

US Senator Cynthia Lummis rejected claims that the Digital Asset Market Clarity Act leaves decentralized finance developers exposed to legal risk. 

Her response came after crypto lawyer Jake Chervinsky said Title 3 of the latest Senate draft could still place some non-custodial software builders under money transmitter rules.

Lummis said the current criticism does not reflect the latest work on the bill. In a post on X, she wrote, “Don’t believe the FUD,” and said recent bipartisan changes to Title 3 would make the measure “the strongest protection for DeFi and developers ever enacted.”

She also said lawmakers must pass the CLARITY Act for those protections to take effect. Her comments came as Senate negotiations continued over the market structure bill and as the wider crypto industry kept close watch on the next version of the text.

Chervinsky said his main concern is that non-custodial software developers could still be misclassified as money transmitters. He argued that this issue remains unsettled and said that point is “non-negotiable for DeFi.”

The debate centers on how Title 3 interacts with the Blockchain Regulatory Certainty Act. The BRCA, introduced by Lummis and Senator Ron Wyden in January, says developers and infrastructure providers who do not control user funds should not be treated as money transmitters under federal law.

Moreover, the DeFi Education Fund said the January Senate draft included the BRCA in Section 604 and self-custody language in Section 605. At the same time, it said the same draft added a new Title 3 with illicit finance provisions that could still affect DeFi technology and developers.

That concern has grown after recent enforcement actions in the United States. The Justice Department said Tornado Cash co-founder Roman Storm was convicted on August 6, 2025, of conspiracy to operate an unlicensed money transmitting business.

Senate talks continue as bill remains under review

The Senate Banking Committee had planned to mark up digital asset market structure legislation on January 15. Chairman Tim Scott then said on January 14 that the markup would be postponed while bipartisan negotiations continued.

Reuters later reported that the bill still faced disputes in March, with banks opposing stablecoin reward features that could draw deposits away from traditional lenders. That wider fight has kept the CLARITY Act under review as lawmakers work on the next step.

Spot Bitcoin exchange-traded funds (ETFs) snapped a four-week inflow streak, posting $296.18 million in net outflows for the week ending Friday.

The reversal follows a sustained run of inflows totaling more than $2.2 billion across four consecutive weeks, including $787.31 million, $568.45 million and $767.33 million in early March, before slowing to $95.18 million in the prior week, according to SoSoValue data.

The weekly outflow followed back-to-back daily withdrawals on Thursday and Friday totaling more than $396 million, including a $225.48 million outflow on Friday alone, their biggest day of redemptions since March 3, when they posted $348 million in outflows.

Notably, cumulative net inflows into spot Bitcoin (BTC) ETFs stand at $55.93 billion, while total net assets have slipped to $84.77 billion from over $90 billion a week earlier. Trading activity also moderated, with weekly volume falling to $14.26 billion from $25.87 billion earlier in March.

Related: Morgan Stanley sets 0.14% Bitcoin ETF fee, lowest in market if approved

Macro calm masks deeper risks

In a statement shared with Cointelegraph, a Bitunix analyst said the current macro backdrop is defined by “surface stability, internal imbalance,” as geopolitical risks remain unresolved while policymakers attempt to maintain outward calm. Developments such as the US–EU trade agreement and delayed tensions in the Middle East have temporarily eased market stress, but underlying risks remain.

In this environment, Bitcoin is behaving less like a breakout asset and more like a reflection of liquidity conditions, the analyst said. The asset remains range-bound between $65,000 and $72,000, with signs of demand absorption but limited follow-through on upside attempts.

“Capital is not exiting the market, but neither is it willing to take directional risk,” the analyst said, adding that price action is likely to remain volatile within established ranges until macro conditions align for a clearer trend.

Related: Morgan Stanley files amended S-1 for MSBT Bitcoin ETF

Ethereum ETFs extend outflow streak

Meanwhile, spot Ether (ETH) ETFs recorded $206.58 million in weekly outflows, marking a second consecutive week of losses and reversing the modest inflow streak seen earlier in March.

Daily data shows consistent outflows throughout the week. Funds saw withdrawals every trading day since March 18. The largest single-day outflow came on Thursday at $92.54 million, followed by $48.54 million on Friday.

Magazine: Bitcoin’s ‘biggest bull catalyst’ would be Saylor’s liquidation — Santiment founder