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OCC unveils GENIUS Act rulebook for U.S. payment stablecoins

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OCC unveils GENIUS Act rulebook for U.S. payment stablecoins

OCC’s GENIUS Act rule drafts 100%‑reserved payment stablecoin regime, tightening oversight.

Summary

  • Draft rule covers full payment stablecoin lifecycle: issuance, reserves, supervision, and wind-down procedures.
  • Only authorized GENIUS-compliant issuers may serve U.S. users, with 1:1 reserve, capital, liquidity, audit, and custody standards.
  • OCC and NCUA gain direct authority over bank, credit union, and some foreign issuers, while BSA/OFAC rules follow in separate Treasury action.

The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency released draft regulations Wednesday outlining how payment stablecoins would be issued, backed, and supervised under federal oversight, according to the agency’s notice of proposed rulemaking.

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The OCC opened a 60-day public comment period to operationalize the GENIUS Act for stablecoin issuance, seeking feedback on the full lifecycle of a payment stablecoin from launch and reserve management to supervision and potential wind-down procedures.

The proposal implements the Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins Act, known as the GENIUS Act, which became effective in July and established the first federal stablecoin framework in the United States. The statute permits only authorized payment stablecoin issuers to issue payment stablecoins domestically and prohibits digital asset service providers from offering non-compliant stablecoins to U.S. users.

The draft regulations establish reserve asset standards requiring redemption at par, along with liquidity and risk controls, audits, supervisory examinations, and custody rules. The proposal outlines application pathways for new issuers, introduces capital and operational requirements, and updates portions of the OCC’s capital adequacy and enforcement framework.

The agency stated it would have regulatory or enforcement authority over certain permitted payment stablecoin issuers, including subsidiaries of national banks and federal savings associations, federally qualified issuers, and some state-qualified issuers. The draft extends oversight to foreign payment stablecoin issuers seeking access to American users.

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Bank Secrecy Act and sanctions requirements will be addressed separately in coordination with the Treasury Department, according to the notice.

Banking groups have raised concerns about potential deposit outflows to third-party yield products tied to stablecoins. OCC Chief Jonathan Gould stated that any material outflow would be visible and would not occur overnight, according to the agency. Gould noted that the requirement for 100% reserves to support one-to-one redemptions exceeds typical bank capital ratios. In an extreme scenario, the Federal Reserve could serve as an indirect backstop by supporting reserve assets stablecoins hold, including U.S. Treasuries and cash equivalents, according to the proposal.

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Crypto World

Barclays Explores Blockchain for Payments and Deposits: Bloomberg

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Barclays Explores Blockchain for Payments and Deposits: Bloomberg

UK banking giant Barclays is reportedly exploring blockchain technology for core banking services, the latest sign that major financial institutions are evaluating digital ledger infrastructure to modernize legacy systems.

Citing people familiar with the matter, Bloomberg reported Friday that Barclays is seeking technology providers for a blockchain platform capable of handling payments, deposits and crypto-related applications such as stablecoins and tokenized deposits.

The lender has issued requests for information to several technology suppliers, though the companies were not identified. A vendor selection could be made as early as April, the report said.

Source: Bloomberg

The move would align with Barclays’ recent activity in the digital asset space. As Cointelegraph reported last month, the bank made its first stablecoin-related investment in Ubyx, a US-based stablecoin clearing platform, signaling a growing interest in tokenized payment infrastructure.

Separate reports have also suggested that Barclays may play a role in a potential initial public offering by crypto hardware company Ledger, though that involvement has not been confirmed.

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Related: Wall Street’s crypto debate is over as banks go all-in on BTC, stablecoins, tokenized cash

Banks and Big Tech accelerate stablecoin push

Bloomberg framed Barclays’ reported blockchain initiative within a broader push by banks and technology companies to evaluate stablecoins, which enable faster, lower-cost and around-the-clock settlement compared to traditional payment rails.

Interest in stablecoins has accelerated as institutions explore tokenized deposits and onchain payment systems that could streamline cross-border transfers and reduce reliance on intermediaries.

The shift isn’t limited to banks. Meta Platforms is reportedly revisiting its stablecoin ambitions years after shelving its high-profile Diem project, signaling renewed Big Tech interest in blockchain-based payments.

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For traditional lenders such as Barclays, stablecoins present both an opportunity and a competitive risk. If widely adopted, privately issued digital dollars could weaken banks’ control over deposits and payment flows, two pillars of their business model.

The combined market capitalization of stablecoins is approaching $310 billion. Source: DeFiLlama

The debate is especially relevant in the United States, where lawmakers are weighing market structure and stablecoin legislation, including discussions around whether issuers should be permitted to offer rewards

Even without yield-bearing features, however, large-scale stablecoin adoption could shift liquidity away from traditional bank deposits and into tokenized alternatives.

Related: Modern Treasury integrates stablecoin settlement alongside ACH and wires